The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017

1. requirements for all Licence Categories specified in regulation 5(8) are presented in this Schedule in a Modular format. relevant to The examinations for each Category of Licence, and its

2. Sub-Divisions if appropriate, shall be based on a number of the Modules as indicated in the Module/Category relationship set out in the Table below.

3. From the Table it will be noted that the modular arrangements recognise that major areas of the subjects are common to more than one Licence Category or its Sub-Divisions. Thus, when an existing Licence is to be extended to include another Category or Sub-Division, those Modules that have been satisfied by previous examinations may be excluded.

4. Each module is numbered and contains a series of syllabus subject headings. Each subject is then further expanded in more detail against ‘level numbers’ corresponding to Licence Without Type Rating (LWTR) and Type Rating (TR). This expansion of detail provides an indication of the degree/level of knowledge, experience, competence and skill in aeronautical engineering required by the Regulations.

5. There are three level numbers and they are defined as follows: (a) Level 1: General appreciation of principles and familiarisation of the subject; 252 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) (b) Level 2: Comprehension of principles and salient features with a practical ability to assess operational condition; Level 3: Detailed knowledge of all aspects of the (c) subject.

6. In applying the above levels to the subjects which, in particular relate to aircraft, engines, systems and items of equipment, the following aspects shall be taken into account: (a) (b) theoretical principles; constructional arrangements, functional and design features; (c) (d) maintenance practices; normal, deteriorated and failed conditions. Schedule: MODULE / CATEGORY RELATIONSHIP A- Aeropl anes ‘C’ - Engines ‘A’ & ‘C’ Rotorcraft ‘A’ & ‘C’ Airship - X - ‘R’ - Radio Category Module Pis ton Tur bine Pis ton Tur bine Pis ton Communication & Navigation Ra dar Elec trical instrument s Automatic Pilots Roto rcraf t Ae rop lan e C o m pa ss C o m pe ns ati on MODEL 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 T ur bi n e 1 2 3 Regulations Basic Engineering Digital Functions Comm on 1 2 3 4(a) SUBJECT NUMBERS- 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 253 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) 4(b) 6 7 7 8 6 9 8 9 13 13 13 13 13 6 7 10 13 7 8 10 13 Piston Engine Propellers Turbine Engine Rotorcraft Airship Human Performance Basic Auto matic Pilots Electric al equipm ent & System Instrum ents Electro nic Gyrosc opes Servo- mecha nism Aeropl anes Comm on Rotorcr aft Compass Compensation Ra dio Communicat ion & Navigation Radar 254 13 13 13 21 22 23 23 24 25 1 3 2 3 2 5 2 6 13 30 31 32 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) MODULAR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL SUBJECTS FOR AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER MODULE 1 REGULATIONS Syllabus Subject Level Details Maintenance Engineers’ Licences & Authorisations WTR 2 TR - Aircraft Registrations Certificate of Airworthiness 1 1 2 2 Maintenance and Maintenance Records and Certification 1 2 255 Civil Aviation Regulations requirements Responsibilities: by statutory law and by the need to fly aircraft in a satisfactory condition, i.e. common/civil/constitutional law Penalties – under statutory law and resulting from civil law suits Categories - applicability Areas and extent of limitations and privileges within categories Overlap of category applicability Relevant Airworthiness Notices and other Authority guidance manuals International and national registration requirements Registration process Issue of Certificate of Airworthiness requirements Categories of certificate of airworthiness and purpose of flight Prototypes, modified prototypes, series aircraft Renewal of certificate of airworthiness requirements and process Civil Aviation Regulations requirements and other applicable guidance material issued by the Authority Maintenance certification: certificate of release to service Duplicate inspections The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Contributory certifications and reliance on other documentation and persons Certification - acceptance investigation and judgment procedures Modification standards, process and recording Maintenance records – relevance of previous records Maintenance records – requirement to be kept, preservation and production Offences in relation to documents and records Inspection requirements and Standards’ persons authorised Build Standards Maintenance responsibilities Civil Aviation Regulations requirements and other applicable guidance material issued by the Authority Authority approval: Light aircraft, large aircraft Worksheet; technical log Data to be entered in technical log books Condition reports – e.g. heavy landing checks, defect investigations, NDT and other inspections, mandatory and non- mandatory Maintenance checks and inspections Cross-reference to other files/records Preservation of documents; Civil Aviation Regulations requirements Civil Aviation Regulations requirements Technical Log – Air Operators Certificate Requirements Aircraft, engine and VP Propeller Log Books 1 2 Technical log 1 2 256 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Aircraft Documentation and Requirements 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Approvals Defect Reporting Authority Requirements Manufactures requirements Foreign Authorities requirements ICAO Annexes requirements - 1 1 1 1 1 1 257 Type certification and supplemental type certification Documents to be carried Flight manual – provision of manuals and aircraft performance Mass Schedule and aircraft loading External, and internal markings and signs, e.g. nationality and registration no smoking and fasten seat belt, placards and requirements, doors and exits Certificate of Airworthiness Certificate of registration Air Operators Certificate Instrument and Equipments Radio Station license and approval Change of ownership Aerial work, including parachuting, glider towing etc – certification Exits and break-in markings Design organizations Approved maintenance Organization Maintenance Schedules/ programmes AOC and AMO interface 100 hours and annual inspections Aircraft parts stores requirements and management Civil Aviation Regulations requirements Reportable occurrences (defects, incidents, accidents) Manual of Airworthiness Requirements Airworthiness Notices Foreign airworthiness directives Service bulletins, manuals service letters etc FAA, CAA (UK), JAR Annexes 1, 6 and 8 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Module 2 Basic Engineering Practices Sylabus Subject Level Details WTR TR Engineering Drawings and Technical Information Mathematics 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 - 1 - 258 Drawing details-common practices: plan, elevations, isometric, sections, scale, dimensional and indicating presentation Use, validity control, interpretation Maintenance Manuals, Parts Catalogues, Overhaul Manuals Service bulletin and modification data Maintenance schedules: approved and otherwise Wiring diagram manuals, Interconnection charts, Schematic diagrams, Symbols Simple calculations: measurements, angles, graphs, metric/imperial, volume, forces, moments, centre of gravity Transposition of formulae, Powers of numbers, Binary notation, Simple equations, Conversion of units Resolution of forces Pressure/volume/temperature of gases Density, specific gravity, Pressure Hydraulics: basic principles, liquids in flow and static conditions The atmosphere- density/pressure/temperature/alt itude/humidity The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Basic principles of motion, acceleration, centrifugal, centripetal forces, friction Basic electrical laws, units, power in circuits, Magnetism, circuit calculation Lubrication methods and application Hand tools, simple machine tools Go/No Go gauges, fits and clearances Crimping tools, hand and hydraulic Precision measuring instruments, Electrical measuring instruments, Circuit testing methods Torque loading Assessment of in service condition of soldered, brazed and welded joints Inhibiting and corrosion protection Painting and paint stripping Metal contamination Fire protection and safety in and around the workshop/hangar/aircraft Storage and handling Control cables and fittings Fastening devices – threaded, riveted and swaged V-band clamps and couplings Locking: parts and methods Washers Bearings Pipes: rigid and flexible Keys and key ways Worm drive and other types of band clips Air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, helium Hangar/Workshop Common Practices and Tools Common Parts 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 - 2 - - - - - 2 Gases and Compounds 1 2 259 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Acetylene Safety aspects Adhesives, oils, greases, sealing compounds, solvent General principles and practices Simple circuits a.c. to d.c., d.c. to a.c., a.c. to a.c. conversion Ground services ac and dc Batteries, application and handling Insulators and Insulation, Conductors and conductivity Common items used in aircraft applications, e.g. resistors, potentiometers, solenoids Transformers, single phase and auto Semi-conductors, capacitors, relays Micro switches Proximity detectors Fuses, circuit breakers Motors/actuators Principles of frequency wild, constant frequency a.c. power Circuit wiring, connectors, crimping, clipping, cable sizes and types, cable looms, harnesses, terminations and disconnects Bonding, earthing of aircraft Static electricity; lightning; static charges; ‘interference’ effects on radio equipment, electrostatic damage protection Effects of snow, ice, lightning and turbulence Basic Electrics Environmental Aspects 2 2 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 260 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Module 3 Category ‘A’ Common – Aeroplanes, Rotorcraft and Airships Syllabus Subject Level Details Basic Aerofoil Theory WTR 1 TR 2 Sub-Structures 1 2 Metals - 2 1 1 261 Lift/thrust/drag/weight Stalling of an aerofoil Induced and parasitic drag Boundary layer Aerofoil shapes Chord/span/aspect ratio Folded metal, sheet metal, extrusions, tubing Effect of swaging, lightening holes Use of different metals Commonly used fasteners and joint methods Protective treatments and precautions Honeycomb Reinforced plastic/epoxy materials, applications Floors Seats – crew, passenger – ‘crash’ situation Aerials, Pitot probes, drain masts, air intakes and similar structural fitments Instrument panels and consoles Radio equipment racks and stowages Light alloys, iron and steel Titanium The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) - 2 2 - - 2 2 Brass, bronze, copper, lead Recognition and general characteristics of metals used Application and use of metals The purpose of heat treatments Use of different heat treated materials Anodic treatments Corrosion treatments during manufacture Identification of corrosion Corrosion treatments during repair Fatigue Other protective treatments/finishes Typical uses and display of defects using: X ray/gamma ray, ultrasonic, eddy current, magnetic particle Penetrant leaching Visual probes Eyeglass equipment: usefulness, effectiveness of various magnifications Glass, fibre and filament reinforcement Materials used Cold setting, hot setting systems Construction principles used, aircraft applications Failure characteristics 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 262 Non-destructive Condition- Testing Materials – non Metal Reinforced Plastics/Epoxy Composites The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Hydraulic Landing Gear and Brakes Electrical 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 - 2 - 2 2 Instruments (other than Engines) 1 2 263 Honeycomb, foam sandwich Simple systems, i.e. powered pump, reverse selection, pressure relief, pressure regulation LP AND HP filters Types of pump Differing fluids – mineral/fire resistant Control and indication methods Wheels, tyres, shock absorbers, castering, steering methods Simple hydraulic brakes, i.e. master cylinder to wheel- brake unit Brake discs and callipers Landing and braking energy conversion Simpler type systems Batteries, generators, relays, wiring, switch gear Voltage control Current limiting, circuit protection devices Paralleling a.c. from inverters Crimping Soldered joints Control and indications, magnetic indicators and annuciators Pitot/static systems and associated instruments Gyro instruments – vacuum/pressure/ electrical The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Radio Safety Equipment Ground Handling Pressure and temperature indication Position indication Compasses VHF communication systems Fire extinguishers – hand Life jackets Life rafts Seat belts/harnesses- passenger/crew 3-point, 4-point, inertial, lapstraps Mandatory requirements for upper torso restraint Jacking, trestling, slinging, towing, tie down ‘Servicing’ activities Storage Painting – protective finish/external markings Weighing and centre of gravity determination – weighing report Civil Aviation Requirements e.g. Airworthiness Notices, manual of Airworthiness Requirements Scale position Basic Weight Unusable fuel Oil and other consumable liquids - quantities Role variations Hold/seat row/removable equipment Station identification 1 1 - 1 - 2 3 1 1 2 264 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) C of G datum MODULE 4(A) CATEGORY ‘A’ – AEROPLANES Syllabus Subject Level Details Theory of Flight and Control 1 2 WTR TR Aircraft Structures 1 2 Stability and control Equilibrium Stalling of the aircraft Flaps and slats Aerodynamic balance Mass balance Aileron/elevator/rudder control Tabs – servo/anti- servo/balance/anti- balance/ trim/spring Canard/foreplanes Main structures - fuselage/wing Stressed skin – diaphragms and longerons Tubular structures Skin, frames, and stiffening Wing: spar and rib structures Integral fuel tanks Load paths Empennage Windows, doors and hatches 265 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Refurbish/’Overhaul’ of Aircraft 1 2 Overhaul/Repair of Parts/ components 1 2 266 Preparation of the aircraft–cleaning, access dismantling, jacking and trestling, furnishing removal Preparation of inspection reports and establishment of work required Final inspection – preparation of final reports and records/log book entries Mandatory modifications, Inspections, Service bulletins, Airworthiness Directives applicable to the type rating sought Overhaul data – requirements, documentation, work sheets, inspection stages, testing Use and control of workshop inspection aids including non- destructive test equipment Factors and limitations affecting choice of equipment and methods used Overhaul and testing procedures for component parts of pneumatic, hydraulic, air conditions, oxygen, anti-icing, de-icing, fire extinguishing and rotorcraft transmission systems Assembly procedures and approved repair The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) schemes applicable to major components Engine mounting structures Inspections necessary before, during and after repair, including checking of alignment and symmetry Repair, inspection and testing of tanks, heat exchangers, fuel and oil systems, and all types of control systems relevant to the Licence category sought Preparation and layout of workshops Care, use and checking for accuracy of test equipment Use and application Approved welders – limitations, periodic testing Supporting – pre- heating – pressure relief Cleaning and preparation Fluxes and filler/welding rods Gas and specialist welding principles Materials Strength of welded joints Inspection before, during and after welding Pre-and post- treatments Equipment Use and application 2 2 2 Facilities Welding 1 1 Brazing/hard Soldering 1 267 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Materials – non Metal: (1) Wood - 2 (2) Fabrics - - - 2 1 2 Support, pre-heating, pressure relief Cleaning and preparation Fluxes – fillers/spelter Materials Equipment Types, application and uses Diseases – environmental effects Plywoods Glues – past and present Storage and condition control Damage-failure modes Painting/protective finishes Natural and man-made materials – types, applications and used Techniques used during covering Repairs Paint finishes and protective treatments Butrate and nitrate paints Ageing Tautening, heat shrinking Strength considerations Drainage and apertures Stitching, stringing, adhesives Testing Systems: (1) Flight Controls 1 2 Aileron, elevator rudder Operating systems and 268 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) surfaces – manually operated Trim operating systems and surfaces – manual and electric Flap systems – electrical, hydraulic and manual Flap systems – pneumatic Simple asymmetric protection Slat systems – automatic, and manual Hydraulic Tab systems – trim, balance, servo, anti- servo, anti-balance, spring servo Stall sensing and warning – simple systems, e.g. vane or reed types Basic auto pilots – simple systems Inputs into main controls- function testing – attitude, heading and height sensing Liquid, electric and boot systems Power source, control and indication Windscreen wipers Electrically-heated windscreens Combustion heaters, exhaust heat exchangers Ram air Ventilation fans Bottle storage, distribution, regulation Masks 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 269 (2) Ice and Rain Protection (3) Heating and Ventilation (4) Oxygen The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) (5) Pressurisation (6) Vacuum/Pressure (7) Pneumatic 2 1 1 1 - - 2 2 2 2 Safety features and requirements Simple systems – bleed air, turbo-charger bleed Passenger environmental requirements for the control of: oxygen, heating, ventilation, rate of change, humidity Mass flow control Temperature control Differential pressure – maximum, negative Control and indication Cabin structure, windows and doors for pressurised flight Dry and wet pump systems Oil separation Gyro supply Relief valve Filtering Aerofoil anti-icing Landing gear/flaps/brakes Operating systems Basic theory and common practices MODULE 4(B) CATEGORY ‘A’ – AEROPLANES Syllabus Subject Level Details Theory of Flight and Control WTR 1 TR 2 270 Transonic effects, swept wings, wing fences, spoilers, high lift devices vortex generators High speed stall Shock wave The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Aircraft Structures Materials – non-Metal: Furnishings Speed of sound-mach numbers Work turbulence Supersonics – sound waves Delta wing forms Kinetic heating C of G control Active controls – computerised flight Management systems – general principle Fail-safe application Fatigue effects and control Wing: box/integral tank construction Pressure-loaded skin, bulkheads, windows, windscreens, doors Milling/chemical etch constructed structure Bonded type construction Fasteners-close tolerance Sealing compounds Maintenance programmes- structural survey NDT programmes Large aircraft paint and protective Finishing processes Cargo holds Venting and draining Sound proofing Upholstery Toilet and galley partitioning Carpets and Curtains Particle boards and plastic laminates Fire resistance/escape requirements Passenger seats Crew seats – cabin and flight crew 2 2 2 1 2 - 1 1 1 1 271 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Systems: (1) Flight Control 1 2 (2) Hydraulic - - 1 1 2 1 1 2 (3) Landing Gear 1 2 272 Powered controls Spoiler, air/speed brake, lift dump Lift augmentation-LE droop, slats/flaps Flap operating systems – large transport aircraft Flap asymmetric and alternate operation Stall sensing-stick shake Stick push/nudge Electronic control system Fly by wire Variable delivery systems Accumulator/cut-out dependent system Pressure/volume control Pressure-reducing valves Fire-resistant fluids- temperature, contamination, compatibility Pressurised reservoirs Multiple system provision Alternate systems- HYRAT/hydraulic motors Electrically-powered and air –driven systems Leak protection systems – system isolation, ‘fused’ systems, priority control Internal leakage – cause and effects – acceptability Multiple axles and wheels Bogey beams Door sequencing Main and alternate brake provision Anti-skid system-electronic and mechanical- aquaplaning Landing gear unsafe protection Alternate lowering The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Weight on/weight off sensing Fire protection Powered steering – retraction self centring Auto braking Bleed air pneumatic systems Systems supplied Bleed air valves Mass, flow, pressure and temperature control and indication Ducting Leak detection Alternate supply-APU and ground cart Mainplane/tail hot air anti- ice systems Control and indication Leak/overheat- detection/protection Ice detection Rain repellant Windscreen wipers Laminated windscreen heating Waste water discharge Pilot/static sensors Cabin blower/bleed air supply Heat exchangers Cold air units/air cycle machines Vapour cycle systems Humidity control systems Mass, flow, pressure and temperature control and indication Leakage detection and protection Ventilation requirements (4) Pneumatic (ATA 36) (5) Ice and Rain Protection - 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 (6) Environmental and passenger Systems: -

6.1 Air Conditioning 1 2 273 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.)

6.4 Toilets, Waste and Water, Galley Services 1 1 1 3 1 2 274 Passenger service unit air supply Water extraction Recirculation Outflow control - electric, electronic and pneumatic Maximum differential and negative pressure control Cabin altitude and rate of change Emergency dump and manual control Ditching Cabin altitude and rate of change Entrance/access/baggage door sealing and locking, indications and warnings Storage, distribution and charging Drop-out system Chemical systems Therapeutic provision Masks – passenger/crew/smoke Bottle checks and precautions Toilets: servicing provision Toilet flushing systems – pump over – heat protection Water – washing, hot/cold, potable Potable water – health protection Pressure control Water heating systems – safety provisions Waste collection and drainage Galleys-refrigerators, food and drink, ice – health protection Lifts, safety factors The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.)

6.6 Entertainment and Passenger service (7) Electrical (8) Instruments 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 (9) Equipment, Safety 1 2 2 1 Catering trolleys Automatic systems-pallets and containers Restraint and securing Dangerous goods Films, video, television and audio Public address 1 3-phase a.c. power generation systems: - Control and protection Transformer rectifier units Cables and terminations Basic electronics-hardware – printed circuit boards Built-in testing provisions Static inverters Multiplex – basic principles Logic – basic principles ADI, HSI representation and ground functioning Altitude encoding and transponder systems – general Computer inputs Centralised air data units CRT displays Flight recorders – voice recorders INS Slide, rafts, dinghies Portable oxygen Loud hailers Smoke masks/hoods Survival equipment Notices/placards Module 6 Category ‘C’ – Piston Engines in Aeroplanes, Rotorcraft and Airships 275 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Syllabus Subject Level Details Principles, Terminology. Definitions and Laws WTR 1 TR 2 Engine overhaul: General 2 - 276 Normally aspirated and supercharged operation Two and four stroke cycles Ignition timing, mixture, fuel grade detonation. Power Overhaul periods/continuation in service beyond overhaul recommendation Ground running – principles and problems Effect of altitude, humidity, temperature, and icing Standard atmosphere, pressure altitude Fixed and variable pitch propeller effects Vibration characteristics and damping Type certification Overhaul as a condition control process – its advantages and disadvantages Familiarity with the operating environment of piston engines in aircraft Sudden stoppage – over-revving, over- boosting, over- The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) heating Bogus parts Fatigue Mandatory reporting Fuels and oils – Mogas Facilities: shop layout – stores; work environment; equipment for cleaning, inspection, rework and testing Control of precision measuring instruments and equipment Work package control and processing Acceptability of third party work/opinions/report s/recommendations e.g. manufacturers and their agents/other agencies Use of experts and expert opinion Use of unskilled labour General arrangement – internal General arrangement - external Crankcase breathing Propeller shaft sealing Materials Propeller attachment provision Power take-off provision Cooling Cylinders, pistons Overhaul Process Control 2 - Constructional Arrangement and Piston Engine General Consideration 1 1 1 2 277 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) and valve gear Hydraulic tappets Camshaft Casings, mountings and accessories drive Vibration damping Crankshaft, balance weights, main bearings Auxiliary drives, internal lubrication provisions Seals and sealing materials Oil coolers and thermostatic valves Oil pumps, filtering, pressure control Fuel pumps – engine driven Ignition and valve timing provision Drive pulleys Hardness testing, fits and clearances Dowels and blind holes Sequential torque assembly – retorquing requirements Tooth patterns and backlash checks Contact area checking End float clearance, checking and setting Bonding and main earthing Machining Heat treatment Anodic treatments Plating Corrosion treatments Protective treatments Repairs and rectification 1 2 278 1 2 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Overhaul activity 1 2 Non-Destructive Testing 2 279 - and finishes Surface finishes Fits and clearances Thread forms Cylinder and piston assemblies Cooling baffles – hottest cylinder Main casings Rear covers Gear trains Camshaft and valve operating mechanisms Crankshaft, connecting rods – bearings Lubrication systems– passages, jets, pumps, pressure relief valves, coolers, thermostatic valves, filters and strainers Sealing-slinger rings, and mechanical flow control Crank cases, rear covers, sumps Engine mounting provisions Governor drive provision Induction and exhaust manifolds Reduction gears, assemblies and housings Superchargers/turboc hargers Carburettor/injection systems Hoses and pipes Electrical wiring Ignition harness Eddy The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) current/ultrasonic/X- ray/gamma ray/ magnetic particle Techniques – status and approval Approved NDT organisations Interpretation of results Certification of inspection completion/acceptabi lity of the condition found Preparation – fluxes, welding/brazing rods Expansion/contractio n effects and control Hollow parts – internal protection Welding methods: gas/arc/resistance welding Brazing/hard soldering methods Approval of welders Inspection of welded/brazed joints Log Books: certification, reports, references, recording of parts, limits, concessions, modifications, alternate parts, mandatory modifications and inspections Service information leaflets, etc Lifed parts, salvage schemes/oversized parts Inhibiting: internal, external, injectors, Welding/Brazing 2 - Release, Preservation, Storage and Transportation 2 - 280 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Systems: (1) Carburation and induction 1 2 (2) Ignition 1 2 (3) Starting 1 2 (4) Fire Protection and Indication 1 2 281 carburettors, turbochargers Air intake – normal/alternate – filtering Manifolds Anti-icing provision Float type and injection systems Engine driven fuel pumps Priming systems Mixture/idle cut- off/throttle control Magnetos Ignition harness Spark plugs – reach variations, operating temperature – long life Switch control Timing (internal/external) Advancing and retarding mechanisms Screening Starting aids – impulse couplings and ignition boosting Starter motors – manuals, Bendix, solenoid, pre- engaged – engagement methods Non-engagement indication and effects Starter relays Earth straps Cooling Effects on battery Extinguishant, bottles, cartridges, ‘life control Detection systems The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) (5) Lubrication 1 2 (6) Supercharging/ Turboch- 1 2 arging (7) Aircraft Fuel 1 2 282 and warnings Two shot provision Wet and dry sump systems System arrangement Pressure control Effects of hot and cold weather Filtering Straight, detergent, ash dispersant oils Engine condition assessment using oil system analysis Oil coolers- temperature control valves Hoses, rigid pipes, internal passages, splash – oil jet Cooling functions of the oil system Directly driven and exhaust drive superchargers Manual and automatic control Lubrication and hydraulic power Controls and indication Automatic control systems Tanks, cells and integral systems Fuel tank heating and monitoring Venting Fuel pumps – electrical Fuel grades and quality MOGAS Water contamination – drains The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) (8) Engine Controls (9) Engine Instruments 1 1 2 2 (10) Diagnostic Tools 1 2 Filtering Controls and indication Throttle Electronic controls Mixture Propeller Alternate air Manual controls for turbocharger Manifold pressure Rotational speed Pressure and temperature Cylinder head temperature Exhaust gas temperature Electronic Condition Monitoring Equipment Use and analysis Module 7 Category ‘C’ – Fixed and Variable Pitch Propellers Syllabus Subject Level Details Principles, Terminology, Definitions and Laws WTR 1 TR - Constant Speeding Pitch variation Ground and flight functioning characteristics Power conversion Blade forces: aerodynamic and centrifugal Aerofoil aerodynamic principles Pitch coarse/fine, high/low, reverse Feathering Vibration characteristics Turbine engine installation propeller systems Pitch change mechanism single/double acting CSUs/governors Constructional Arrangement 1 2 283 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 Automatic and Manual Pitch Control Systems Ice Protection Turbine Engine Application Spinners Balance control Materials Diameter – minimum and maximum Pitch stops – fixed, centrifugal, manual and electrical Protective finishes – contour control Damage acceptance areas Cropping Attachment and assembly methods Oil transfer – governor/propeller/sump Safety visibility Pilot control and governor sensing Feathering Liquid and electrical systems Auto-feathering Synchronising/synchrophasing Braking Automatic and manually controlled pitch limiting systems Beta control Permitted balancing Module 8 Category ‘C’– Turbine Engines in Aeroplanes, Rotorcraft and Airships Syllabus Subject Level Details Principles, Terminology Definitions and Laws WTR 1 TR 2 Gas flow path – temperature, velocity and pressure Compression Combustion Turbine Power extraction Effects of atmospheric variations in temperature, density, pressure altitude on engine and on 284 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) engine/aircraft combination Single shaft, two and three shaft engines Centrifugal and axial flow compressors Fan engines By-pass engines Water/water methanol injection Power turbines Surge/compressor stalling Propeller turbines Gas producers APU applications Thrust reversal Power assessment Casings, shafts, bearings, accessories drive Air intakes and compressors Combustion section Turbines and exhaust Materials Modular construction Engine inspection capability and condition assessment provision Principles of ‘condition monitored’ and ‘on condition’ maintenance programmes Supersonic flight air intake geometry control systems Gas producers Reduction gearing Power and auxiliary drive Rotational speed and Constructional Arrangement 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 - 1 285 Propeller and Shaft Power Provision The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) 1 1 1 2 Systems: (1) Thrust Reversing (2) APUs 1 2 (3) Fuel Control 1 2 - 286 2 power control, safety systems Principles of torque/power/rotation al speed in power transmission by rotating shafts General arrangements Control/interlocks Safety features Operating systems – hydraulic/pneumatic mechanical Turbine and fan applications General arrangements Intake and exhausts systems – door operation Load control Electrical output control and management Speed control Fuel control Safety features Ground/flight/altitude -limiting factors Mounting Fire protection and indication Bay cooling Ground running Principles – parameters Mechanical/electroni c control Power speed – control and limiting Temperature and power factors Burners–primary and secondary provision Burners –shaft The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) (4) Fuel Systems 1 1 2 2 (5) Water Injection 1 2 287 injection, torch ignition Governor speed sensing Tanks – cells and integral systems Refueling/defuelling, crossfeed, jettison, venting, transfer Scavenging – jet pumps Boost pumps, backing pumps LP/HP valves and control Tank selection Internal/external pipes, hoses, connectors Fuel types Static electricity – effects and control Leak assessment and control Fuel quantity indication – ‘Level Sticks’ Water contamination – effects and control SG/Density/volume/ weight Filtering and heating Fuel systems in pressurized cabin areas Water/water methanol applications Sensing, control and safety provision Power effects Tankage Replenishing/dumpin g Pumps Effects on fuel The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) (6) Lubrication 1 2 (7) Cooling, Sealing and Bleed 1 2 Air Services 288 control Pipes and pipe lines Tanks, storage, venting, contents indication Pressure/scavenge pumps Filters, screens and magnetic plugs/chip detectors Pressure/flow control Heat exchangers oil/fuel, oil/air Sealing-labyrinth seals, carbon seals, etc. Overboard drains – drains systems Lubrication of mains bearings, accessories and gear trains Supply to propeller systems Contamination by hydraulic fluid/fuel Types of oil Internal/external pipes, hoses and passages – effects of heat Use of oil for ice protection – intake and fuel control Internal cooling, external cooling, sealing air Overboard dump – temperature monitoring Off-takes for other services – air conditioning, anti- icing, equipment drive, pressurizing of hydraulic reservoirs, The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) (8) Surge Protection and Airflow Control (9) Ice Protection 1 - 1 2 2 2 (10) Fire Protection 1 2 289 water systems, etc. Centrifugal filters Bleed valves – operating systems Variable inlet guide vanes – scheduling, operating systems Surge sensing ‘Surge margins’ Supersonic flight air intake geometry control Hot air systems – struts and intakes Electrical systems – engine and intakes Use of oil and air bleeds Pressure sensor heating Control and indication Fire detection Overheat warning Fire extinguishing Bay and zone isolation Fire walls, bulkheads, cladding Fire wires, detector units Single/dual detection Extinguishants First and second shot capability Warnings and indications – lights, aural warnings, fuse types, squib test ‘Bottle gone’ indicators Operating systems Over pressure Cartridges – life control The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) (11) Ignition (12) Starting 1 - 1 1 2 2 2 2 (13) Controls 1 2 (14) Pods, Pylons, Cowlings and Mountings 1 2 - 1 290 Electric and electronic systems High energy ignition systems Torch ignition Glow plug systems Igniter plugs and leads Operation inside and outside the starting cycle Starting cycle Initiation – HP valves, termination, bleed valves, starter valves, power lever, self sustaining speeds Starter motors – electrical, pneumatic, starter/generators – HP air, impingement air Clutch provision, overspeed sensing Manual operation starter cooling/resting Ground power electrical/pneumatic provisions Power/throttle/thrust reverse HP/LP valve controls – manual and electric Condition control systems Propeller control Auto control of throttle Control runs Electronic control systems General arrangements Services and controls – input/exit The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Materials Venting Zone demarcation Mountings Pylon and pod structural features Torque, vibration, expansion provisions Bay venting Cooling air intakes a.c. generators – CSDs/IDGs Starter/generators Starter motor high current circuits CSDs – principles of operation, disconnect/ reconnect, lubrication/hydraulic operation, filters, coolers Rotational speed indication; a.c. generator and pulse probe systems Temperature and pressure systems Pressure ratio systems Turbine temperature systems Instrument system amplifier Fuel flow indication Torque indication Fuel contents/oil contents- electrical and electronic Vibration indication Storage and inhibiting Spare engine carriage Ground running – (15) Electrical 1 2 (16) Instruments 1 2 Ground Handling 1 2 291 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) noise control – power checking Functional checks of engine associated services Module 9 Category ‘A’ & ‘C’–Rotorcraft Syllabus Subject Level Details Theory of Flight and Control WTR 1 TR 2 Constructional Arrangements 2 2 - 1 292 Rotor disc: forces acting, lift, drag centrifugal force, weight, rotor useful force, phase lag; advance angle non- constant speed drive (Hookes Joint) effect Articulate/semi- rigid/rigid rotors Flapping/dragging/feat hering Climbing/losing height/horizontal flight Main and anti-torque rotors– control inputs – cyclic and collective Effects of aircraft speed on rotors Directional control Translational lift/inflow/ground effect Vortex ring effect Retreating blade stall Reverse flow Auto-rotation; auto- rotative force/blade section Auto-rotation rev/min Twin rotors Rotorcraft structures, load paths, vibration The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) effects Landing gear configurations: skids/wheels/floats Fuselages, tail cones, pylons, engine mounts Gearbox and transmission mountings Doors and windows Collective/cyclic/direct ional Hydraulic Rotor heads – main and tail rotor Articulated, rigid, semi-rigid, teetering Swash plate/spider control input methods Blades: construction and materials; balancing: static, dynamic, span wise, chord wise Tracking: flag and in- flight methods Tabs/trailing edge bending Vibration – effects and analysis BIM indicators Automatic Pilots/Autostabilisers – Control interface System components – component replacement and subsequent testing Windscreen wipers Electrically-heated windscreens Exhaust heat exchangers Ram air 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 293 Systems: (1) Flying Controls (2) Ice and Rain Protection (3) Heating and Ventilation The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Transmission systems 1 2 Equipment Instruments 1 1 1 2 1 2 Ventilation fans Engines to rotors: shafts, clutches, free wheel units; reduction gearboxes; main transmission/ gearboxes, combining gearboxes Tail rotor drive: drive shafts, intermediate gearboxes, tail rotor gearboxes Lubrication systems: oils, coolers, cooling fans, filters, magnetic plugs, chip detectors, pumps, pressure control Universal drive provision Splined shafts, type of gears – tooth pattern Instrumentation Rotor brake systems Hoists and winches External load carrying Flotation Survival systems Specialised role equipments, aerial spraying, cameras ADI, HIS Flight recorders HUMs Module 10 Category ‘A’ & ‘C’– Airships Syllabus Subject Level Details Principles of Lift WTR 1 TR - Bodies immersed in fluids Gases: free to expand/constant volume/constant 294 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) 2 - Theory of Flight and Control 1 - Envelope 2 1 - - 295 temperature/constant pressure Mixture of gases in a containing vessel Centre of gravity, centre of buoyancy, static heaviness, static lightness, static trim Ballonet ceiling, pressure height Superpressure, superheat Porosity Equilibrium Ballast-shot/water Aerodynamic lift, aerodynamic balance Stability and control Free ballooning Fins, rudders, elevators Tabs: balance/servo/trim/sp ring Powered flying controls Materials: fabrics, Kevlar Ultra-violet light effects Gas-tight membranes Ballonets, gases, load curtains, shear curtains, support cables, gas valves, air valves, entry ports, inspection domes, charge adaptors, load patches, handling lines, nose cone Charging, purging, porosity checks Lightning protection Airs systems: ram air The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Gondola Systems: (1) Flight control (2) Ice and Rain Protection (3) Heating and Ventilation (4) Vacuum/Pressure (5) Landing Gear - - - - - - - scoops, ballonet fans, dampers, transfer fans Main Structures Materials: Kevlar laminate, fibrelam, sandwich panels, metal skin frames and stiffening Moulding/bonding techniques Support cables, support cable attachment, bulkheads, equipment attachment Furnishings Doors, windows and hatches Fire protection – skinning Lightning protection Fins, rudders, elevators Operating systems and surfaces – manually/power operated Trim operating systems – manual and electric Windscreen wipers Exhaust heat exchanges Ventilation system Supply and associated system Geometric arrangement Structural arrangement Castering/pivoting/lo cking Shock absorbers 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 296 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Ducted Propellers 1 - Ground Handling 1 - Module 13 Human Performance 297 Weight sensing/measurement Principles of operation Propeller forces: aerodynamic/centrifu gal Pitch variation/control Positive/negative vectoring Power conversion Control systems: electronic control, emergency forward coarse selection Balance Clutches Materials Protective finish: contour control, visibility Duct pivoting systems: drive and control, motors, limit control, gear boxes, inter-connection, emergency manual Attaching to/releasing from/mast Ground power Fuelling Ballasting Helium: charging, purifying, leak testing Pressure watch techniques Mooring – mobile/portable Engine running Hangaring Adverse weather The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Syllabus Subject Level Details General WTR 2 TR Human Performance and Limitations Social Psychology 2 1 Factors Affecting Performance 2 Physical Environment 1 298 The need to take human factors into account Incidents attributable to human factors/ human error ‘Murphy’s’ Law Vision Hearing Information processing Attention and perception Memory Claustrophobia and physical access Responsibility: individual and group Motivation and de- motivation Peer pressure ‘Culture’ issues Team working Management, supervision and leadership Fitness/health Stress: domestic and work related Time pressure and deadlines Workload: overload and underload Sleep and fatigue, shiftwork Alcohol, medication, drug abuse Noise and fumes Illumination Climate and The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Tasks Communication Human Error 1 2 2 Hazards in the Workplace 2 temperature Motion and vibration Working environment Physical work Repetitive tasks Visual inspection Complex systems Within and between teams Work logging and recording Keeping up to date, currency Dissemination of information Error models and theories Types of error in maintenance tasks Implications of errors (i.e. accidents) Avoiding and managing errors Recognizing and avoiding hazards Dealing with emergencies Module 21 Basic: Electrical Equipment and Systems Syllabus Subject Level Details Batteries WTR 1 2 2 299 TR - - 3 Principles of primary and secondary cells Lead-acid types Ni-Cad types Methods of charging The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Direct Current Machines Direct Current Generation Power Conversion Equipment Fire Protection 2 2 1 1 1 - - 2 2 2 Flight Controls 1 2 Fuel Systems 1 2 300 batteries in aircraft Capacity testing, storage Basic laws and principles Types and characteristics Control Voltage regulation Control Load sharing Paralleling System layout Interlock circuits Static and rotary inverters Transformer rectifier units Detection systems Fire and overheat warning Smoke detectors – principles and applications Overheat sensors Extinguishing systems Warnings Motors and actuators – clutches and brakes Limit switches, micro switches and proximity detectors Power control units Flap motors protection and control Trim motors Boost pumps control and indication Jettison systems Refuel/defuel systems Fuel heaters Crossfeed, supply The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Hydraulic Systems 1 2 Landing Gear Systems 1 2 Lighting Systems 1 2 Pneumatics Engine and Propeller Control 1 1 2 2 301 and shut-off valves- normal and emergency Pump control and isolation Pressure switches Overheat warnings Electrically-operated priority valves Fluid reservoir components Low level warnings Actuation motors – selection and control Indication – proximity sensors micro switches Air/ground sensor systems Anti-skid systems – operation, control and override Automatic braking systems – inputs; control and override External systems: landing, navigation, anti-collision and inspection, etc. Internal systems: normal and emergency, fluorescent tubes, reading and passenger information systems, multiplex function Control – indication and protection Fuel control valves Temperature and speed limiting systems Propeller feathering controls The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Starting and Ignition 1 2 Alternating Current Machines 2 Alternating Current Power Generation 1 - 2 Alternating Current Power Distribution Systems 1 2 302 Electronic engine control System types Control Principles of operation of high energy ignition units Aircraft and engine applications and related systems, e.g. stall warning Basic laws and principles Types and characteristics Control Constant and variable frequency Constant speed drive units Paralleling Load sharing Load shedding Generator control unit Voltage regulation Load controller Differential protection Fault and test panels Voltage, frequency and excitation control and protection Bus-bar layouts Split and parallel systems Transfer relay interlocks Emergency conditions APU and GPU interlocks Warnings Maintenance panels The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Air Conditioning Systems Ice and Rain Protection Systems Auxiliary Power Units Ground Power Supplies Centralised Warning and Indication Systems Galley/Toilet Services 2 2 2 2 2 - Control Indication Protection Windscreen heating: control, indication and failure Engine/propeller and airframe anti-ice protection: thermal, electrical and pneumatic Warnings and indications Overhead indications and protection Ground operations Windscreen wiper, washer and rain repellent systems Sensor protection – angle of airflow, pitot head, static plate and temperature probes Waster water heaters – thermal anti-icing protection Aerial heaters Starting, control, protection Power generation Fire protection Interlocks and protection of aircraft supplies Control Inputs Output warnings Priority philosophy Power supply and protection Water heating Equipment 1 1 1 - 1 1 303 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Module 22 Basic: Instruments Category ‘X’ Syllabus Subject Level Details WTR TR - - 2 2 2 2 - 2 - 2 2 Pitot-Static Systems and Instruments Rate of Turn and Slip Indication Vacuum System Pressure Measurement Temperature Measurement Rotational Speed Measurement 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 304 Atmospheric physics, temperature lapse rate, Mach number computation Airspeed indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator, and machmeter Servo altimeter Pitot probes, static plates and heaters Pipelines and flexible hoses Drain straps, associated equipment Altitude and airspeed switches Rotor speed; display Sources Control and adjustment Indication Sensing elements; capsules, bellows, Bourdon tubes, transmitters Displays Variable resistance Thermocouples; compensation; limits and values; servo indicators; control system inputs Direct drive indicators; tacho- generator and indicator systems; pulse probe systems Displays The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Position Measurement Quantity Measurement Flow Measurement Compasses Air Data Computation Reduced Vertical Separation Minima Flight Path Computation Electronic Display Systems 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 Flight Data Recorders 1 305 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 d.c. and a.c. systems Direct reading Electrical and electronic systems Compensation Power supplies Indicators Transmitters Power supplies Direct reading compass installation; safe distance Flux detectors and remote sensors remote system components Heading reference outputs Sensors and inputs Signal processor: mechanical, electrical and electronic Signal outputs and displays Signal sources and interface with other systems Maintenance practices Signal sources, radio inputs Modes, computation Displays CRT; LED; LCD displays EADI; EHSI; symbol generators Control panels Comparators and monitors Engine indicating and crew alerting systems Electronic centralised aircraft monitors Requirements The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) 1 2 Inertial Navigation Systems and Inertial Reference Systems Ground Proximity Warning Systems Vibration Measurement Compass Compensation 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 306 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 - Sensors and inputs Cockpit Voice Recorder inputs Interface with aircraft systems Signal processing Entry panels Computer principles Data recording methods Retrieval and verification Readout Failure monitors Basic principles Platform construction Computation Displays and interface with aircraft equipment Mode selector and CDU Failure/fault indicators Power supplies and cooling Modes Warnings Inputs and interface with other aircraft systems Computation Monitors Failure indications Types of pick up Signal conditioning Displays Alarm levels and warnings Base survey techniques Compass swinging The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) 3 1 - 1 Digital Flight Systems areas Aircraft magnetism Terrestrial magnetism – variation Methods and procedures for swinging compasses Deviation: calculations and effects on a compass Compensation and adjustment procedures Flight management systems Module 23 Basic Gyroscopes and Servomechanisms Category ‘X’ Syllabus Subject Level Details Gyroscopes Electronics Attitude sensing Direction sensing Rate sensing WTR TR 1 1 - 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 2 2 2 307 Basic principles Types and methods of operation – vacuum, electrical, or laser Handling care Transistors Biasing, simple circuit arrangements Amplifiers Signal amplifiers, feedback Errors, correction Remote gyros, interconnection and transfers Limits Errors, compensation Remote gyros, interconnection and transfers Alignment The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Accelerometers Synchros Servomechanisms Digital Techniques High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) Fly by Wire 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Rotor speeds Basic principles CTs, Differential, Torque synchros and resolvers Rate and position sensing and control Integrators Response and damping Power requirements Clutches Override and lockout protection Null and loop error sensing Synchronisation systems Force rebalance systems Logics – basic gate functions and truth tables Microprocessors – block diagram Digital computing techniques Parallel and series operation Volatile/non-volatile data storage Multiplex systems Effect on sensitive systems, principles and methods used to minimize HIRF effects General principles 2 2 2 2 1 1 Module 24 Automatic Pilots - Aeroplanes Category ‘X’ Syllabus Subject Level Details Theory of Flight (Fixed Wing) WTR 1 TR 2 Forces on the aircraft Stability – dihedral, sweepback, etc Control axis Primary control surfaces – operation and effect on the aircraft Secondary controls Forces during turns Functions of trim tabs, balance tabs and servo tables High speed buffet and stall conditions Auto-pilot control axis Auto-stabilisers – wing levellers 308 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Co-ordinated turns, aileron/rudder cross feed Versine generation and application Sideslip monitors – Slip and skid in a turn Turbulence penetration and the effect on autopilot control Dutch Roll phenomenon Yaw sensing Yaw signal processing Synchronisation Series and parallel systems Cockpit indication Aileron/rudder control interaction in turns Rudder PCU, LRUs Interlocks with autopilot systems Longitudinal axis stability High speed tuck Mach No. inputs Mach trim actuators computation Connections with aircraft controls Warnings Angle of attack sensing Computation Interface with other aircraft systems: e.g. N1 computers – stall warning systems Flight directors Trim actuators – control and safety interlocks Speed change systems for trim actuators Interlocks Elevator/stabiliser interaction Computation Indication Control wheel steering systems Touch wheel steering systems Control input Related engine controls Sensors Engine coupling units: clutches and servo-motors Yaw Dampers 1 2 Pitch Trim Systems 1 Mach Trim Alpha Trim 1 1 Auto-Stabilisers 1 C of G Trimmers Demand Signals Automatic Throttle Systems 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 309 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Override and safety considerations Modes of operation Electronic engine control: microprocessor inputs and control Principles, requirements and approach categories Types of systems operation: dual or triple channel System operation on approach Monitors and failure conditions Roll-out control BITE Category downgrade and reinstatement procedures Flight management systems 2 3 2 Automatic Landing Systems 1 1 1 Digital Flight Systems Module 25 Automatic Pilots – Common - Category ‘X’ Syllabus Subject Level Details Error Signals WTR 1 TR 2 Signal Processing 1 2 Demand Signals 1 2 310 Rate system – errors and control Displacement system – errors and control Heading and course error inputs Radio beam deviation inputs Attitude inputs CADC/autopilot interface – e.g. q or % adaptation Sideslip sensors and monitors Typical channel signal flow path Buffer amps Input signal modulation Summing points Signal sensors and switching functions Integrators Limiters Gain programmers Dual channel monitors Voter systems Mode selectors The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Command Signal Outputs 1 2 Control display units Turn controllers Control column transducers Command override systems Mode compatibility Mode annunciators Failure and disconnect lights and aural warnings Interlocks – pre and post-engage Pitch attitude trim Roll out/heading-hold, engage Synchronisation Trim monitors and indicators Altitude hold inputs Vertical speed control Mach/IAS hold Altitude acquire or change systems Power control units – line replaceable units Solenoid valves Transfer valves Position sensors Servomotors - construction, interconnection with control runs Clutches – torque settings Brakes Tachogenerators –feedback and damping Position feedback - indication Torque limiting Hardover sensing – disconnection Jam detection Runway conditions – disconnection Pilot override - disconnection Module 26 Automatic Pilots – Rotorcraft- Category ‘X’ Syllabus Subject Level Details Theory of Flight (Rotorcraft) WTR 1 TR 2 Rotor disc: forces, lift, drag, centrifugal force, weight, phase lag Articulated/semi-rigid/rigid rotors flapping/ dragging/feathering 311 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Vertical and translational flight Main and anti-torque rotors, control inputs cyclic, collective, rudder pedals Directional control Autorotation Forward speed effects Actuators Indicators Manual/Automatic Indication Actuators Indicators Computation Command Outputs Trim Systems Stability Augmentation Systems 1 1 1 2 2 2 Module 30 Compass Compensation Syllabus Subject Level Details Compass Compensation WTR 2 TR - Base survey techniques Compass swinging areas Aircraft magnetism Terrestrial magnetism – variation Methods and procedures for swinging compasses Flux valve operation Deviation: calculations and effects on a compass Compensation and adjustment procedures Various compass types 1 3 1 - - - Module 31 Radio Communication and Navigation – Category ‘R’ Syllabus Subject Level Details Radio Theory WTR TR 1 - Propagation of radio waves Polarisation 312 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) Radiation patterns Transmitters and receivers RF Amps, IF Amps Oscillators, frequency synthesisers Frequency multipliers Mixers, detectors, BFO, AGC Noise limiters, muting circuits, audio amplifiers Modulators, RF power amplifiers matching units Filters and tuned circuits Principles and methods used to minimise the effects of conducted and radiated interference Methods used to minimise the effects of lightning strikes and static on aerials Diplexers, baluns and matching stubs Fixed and variable matching arrangements Locations and types of aerials – communication and navigation Bandwidth and effective height of an aerial Calculation of standing wave ratio Control and monitoring circuits Intercommunication Audio mixing and Interference Aerials and Feeders Communication Audio Systems - - - - 2 2 2 2 313 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) distribution systems Public address and entertainment systems Headsets and microphones Signal sources Control circuitry: hot microphone Requirements Airborne installations Ground station signals Airborne installations Control Monitors Indicators Loading AFCS and instrument interface Ground installations Airborne systems Receiver Loop and sense aerials and feeders Bearing errors and correction devices Loop swings Airborne installations Receiver, computer Displays Interface with other systems EADI; EHSI; symbol generators Control panels Comparators and monitors Receiver, computer Interface with other systems Computer Interface with other - - - - - - - - - - - - Cockpit Voice Recorder VHF/HF Communications VOR/ILS Marker Automatic Direction Finding Satellite Communication and Navigation (GPS) Systems Flight Compartment Electronic Display Systems Microwave Landing Systems (TRSB) RNAV 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 314 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) systems Indications Module 32 Radar Systems – Category ‘R’ Syllabus Subject Level Details Pulse Techniques WTR 1 - TR Primary Radar Secondary Radar - - - - 2 2 2 2 315 Radar transmitter/receiver Pulse modulation Peak power, average power Duty cycle, pulse shape, pulse width Pulse rise time and repetition frequency Range accuracy and resolution Receiver bandwidth Noise Weather radar: Control and monitoring circuits Indicators; displays Scanners; waveguides Doppler: Aerials Indicators Interface with other equipment Radio altimeters: Pulse and FM, CW systems DME: Indicators Control and monitor circuits The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) 1 - Interface with other aircraft systems ATC Transponders: Instrument system interface Control and monitor circuits TCAS: Indicators Control and monitor circuits Interface with other aircraft systems __________ FIFTH SCHEDULE __________ OFFENCES AND PENALTIES Regulation 205(8) and (9) REG. NO. TITLE Validity of Licences Decrease in medical fitness Curtailment of privileges of pilots 9 10 13 30(3),(4),(6),(7) 32(1) General requirements for pilot licences , ratings and authorisations Solo flight requirements 33(2)(3)and(4) Privileges and Limitations 40(1), 53(3),(4) 63(2) 66 70(1) PPL: Privileges and limitations. ATPL: Privileges and limitations.. Type ratings Night rating: general eligibility requirements. Instrument rating: general eligibility requirements. 316 part A A A A A B A A A A A The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) 80 83(2)(3),(4),(5)(6) 88 96(1) 101(1) 102(3) 104 105 106(1),(3) 124(4) 125 126 131 132(1) 141 142(1) 144(1) 148 149 159(1) 161(1),(3) 162 164 165(1) 167(1) 168 169 170 171 172(1),(3) 183 184(2),(3) Trainee Records Flight instructor: limitations and qualifications. Flight engineer: licences and ratings required. ATC: Required licences and ratings or qualifications. ATC: Privileges and limitations. Privileges of ATC ratings. ATC: Maximum working hours. Responsibilities over fatigue Prohibition of unlicensed air traffic controllers. ARS: Privileges and limitations. ARS: Display of authorisation. ARS: Surrender of authorisation. CCMC; Required certificate, ratings and qualifications. General eligibility requirements. Aviation medical examiner submission of signed medical evaluation report. Issue of medical certificate. Medical confidentiality. Prohibition of medical certification. Medical requirements. Ear and related structures. Cardiovascular: general. Blood pressure and circulation. Neurological requirements. Respiratory capability. Vestibular apparatus Bones, muscles and tendons. Endocrine system Diabetic applicant. Gastrointestinal and digestive tract. Kidneys and urinary tract. Use of psychoactive substances. Drug and alcohol testing and reporting. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B B 317 The Civil Aviation (Personnel Licensing) Regulations, 2017 GN. No. 71 (contd.) 185 190(1),(2),(4),(5) 191 192 Inspection of licences, certificates and authorisations. Use and retention of documents and records. Report of violation Enforcement of directions. A A A B Dar es Salaam, 20th February, 2017 MAKAME M. MBARAWA Minister for Works, Transport and Communications 318