The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulations, 2017
Part 1 of 4 · provisions 1–200
This section only lists headings and topics for the regulation; it does not state a specific rule in the provided text.
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- The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulations, 2017
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CRC NOTAM NOTAM procedures NOTAMs WGS-84 access control access roads address notification administrative compliance aerodrome access and operations aerodrome access control aerodrome administration aerodrome certification aerodrome charges aerodrome classification aerodrome compliance aerodrome conduct aerodrome construction aerodrome construction and operation aerodrome data aerodrome design aerodrome dimensions aerodrome docking guidance aerodrome documentation +551 more
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About this statute
This section only lists headings and topics for the regulation; it does not state a specific rule in the provided text. This section lists topics covered by the aerodrome licensing, certification, and category E aerodrome provisions. This provision is a table of contents-style listing for Section 71, covering category E aerodrome registration and related operator obligations. This section lists the topics covered in Parts VII, VIII, and IX, including aerodrome manuals, aerodrome data, and wildlife hazard management. This section is a heading/listing for responsibilities and aerodrome physical characteristics topics, but it does not state a specific rule in the text provided.
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Provisions of The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulations, 2017
Showing 200 of 624
- 16 Verify source ↗
Section 16
AI-assisted research summary: This section only lists headings and topics for the regulation; it does not state a specific rule in the provided text.
16. Citation Interpretation Applicability Use of common reference systems Categories of aerodromes PART II CONSTRUCTION OF AERODROMES application Application of this Part Requirements for construction permit Issuance of aerodrome construction permits Design and construction of aerodrome Requirements for aerodrome design and construction Aerodrome reference code for an aerodrome PART III LICENSING OF AERODROMES Application of this Part Application for licence Conditions for issuance of licence Issuance of licence Breach of conditions of licence and non-conformance 1 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.)
Part
PART III
- 42 Verify source ↗
Section 42
AI-assisted research summary: This section lists topics covered by the aerodrome licensing, certification, and category E aerodrome provisions.
42. with the licensing requirements Specifications of an Aerodrome Licence Validity of licence Renewal of licence Amendment of licence Suspension and cancellation of licence Surrender of licence Charges at licensed aerodromes Licences register Notification and furnishing of information PART IV CERTIFICATION OF AERODROMES Application of this Part Application for certificate Conditions for issuance of certificate Breach of conditions of certificate and non-conformance with certification requirements Specifications of an Aerodrome certificate Certification of aerodromes used for operations. Issuance of certificate Validity of certificate Renewal of certificate Amendment of certificate Suspension and cancellation of certificate Surrender of certificate Charges at certificated aerodromes Certificates register international PART V CONSTRUCTION, REGISTRATION AND OPERATION OF CATEGORY E AERODROMES Application of this Part Construction of category E aerodromes Issuance of an approval aerodrome to construct category E 2 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 12 Verify source ↗
This Part applies to aerodromes in categories B,
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to aerodromes in categories B, C and D, unless another provision says otherwise.
12. This Part applies to aerodromes in categories B, C and D except where otherwise specified. - 13 Verify source ↗
An application for a licence shall be made in the
AI-assisted research summary: A licence application must be submitted in the prescribed form and include the listed documents and information.
13. An application for a licence shall be made in the prescribed form accompanied by - (a) an aerodrome manual; (b) a site plan for the aerodrome; (c) an environmental impact assessment report; (d) approval from any relevant authority; (e) proof of financial capability in the case of aerodromes in Category B; 35 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (f) particulars of any non-compliance or deviations from the appropriate aerodrome design, operation or equipment standards; and (g) charges as prescribed by the Authority in the or Information Aeronautical Aeronautical Information Circular. Publication Condition s for issuance of licence - 14 Verify source ↗
(1) A licence may be issued subject to any
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority may set licence conditions, must record them on the licence, and may grant a licence for public-use aerodromes on an equal-access condition. An aerodrome operator may refuse aircraft use except in an emergency.
14.-(1) A licence may be issued subject to any conditions that may be prescribed by the Authority. (2) The Authority shall endorse on a licence the conditions for use of an aerodrome and any other details as may be deemed necessary by the Authority. (3) Subject to sub regulation (4), where an applicant requests or the Authority considers that an aerodrome shall be available for public use, a licence may be granted subject to a condition that the aerodrome and shall at all times be available to all persons on equal terms and conditions. (4) An aerodrome operator may refuse an aircraft from using the aerodrome except in an emergency situation. Issuance of licence - 15 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall not operate an aerodrome
AI-assisted research summary: A person may not operate an aerodrome unless the Authority has issued a licence.
15.-(1) A person shall not operate an aerodrome without a licence issued by the Authority. (2) The Authority shall issue a licence in the prescribed form and manner where- (a) the equipment, an applicant is found to be competent to operate an aerodrome on consideration of the previous conduct and experience the of organisation, applicant, staffing, maintenance and other arrangements of the applicant; the physical characteristics of the aerodrome and its surroundings are safe for use by aircraft; and an applicant for a licence complies with the Civil Aviation (Security) Regulations where applicable. (b) (c) 36 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (3) The issuance of a licence shall be subject to compliance with these Regulations and standards prescribed by the Authority and any other condition as may be specified or notified by the Authority in accordance with safety audit and inspection. (4) The Authority may refuse to grant a licence to an applicant, and where the Authority so refuses, it shall notify the applicant in writing, of the reasons for the refusal, not later than fourteen days after making that decision. (5) The Authority shall following the issuance of a licence conduct continuing surveillance, audits, surveys and inspections to ensure continuing validity of the licence and capability of the aerodrome operator to maintain safe, regular and efficient operation of the aerodrome facilities, installations, equipment and services - 16 Verify source ↗
(1)The breach of any condition subject to which a
AI-assisted research summary: Breaking a condition attached to a licence, approval, permission, or exemption can make the licence invalid. The Authority may also impose operating restrictions or sanctions at a licensed aerodrome if licensing requirements are not met or safety concerns remain unresolved.
16.-(1)The breach of any condition subject to which a licence is issued including any approval, permission or exemption shall render the licence invalid. (2) The Authority impose operating restrictions or sanctions at a licensed aerodrome in the event of non-conformance with the licensing requirements or any unresolved safety concerns. shall - 17 Verify source ↗
(1) A licence shall specify
AI-assisted research summary: A holder of an aerodrome licence must surrender it to the Authority within 30 days after suspension or cancellation, and immediately if the suspension is for less than 30 days.
17.-(1) A licence shall specify - (a) the category of the Aerodrome and the aerodrome reference code; (b) the restrictions, if any, relating to non-compliance the appropriate with or deviations aerodrome design, operation or equipment standards; from (c) the period of validity of the licence. (2) A licence issued under these Regulations shall not be transferable. (3) A holder of an aerodrome licence which is suspended or cancelled shall within thirty days of the suspension or cancellation, surrender the licence to the Authority. 37 Breach of conditions of licence and non- conforman ce with the licensing requireme nts Specificati ons of an Aerodrom e licence The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Validity of licence (4) Notwithstanding sub-regulation (3), w h e r e a n a e r o d r o m e licence is suspended for a period of less than thirty days, a holder of immediately surrender the licence. the licence shall - 18 Verify source ↗
(1) A licence issued under these Regulations
AI-assisted research summary: A licence under these Regulations is valid for two years unless suspended, cancelled, or revoked. If an aerodrome licence is suspended or cancelled, the holder must surrender it to the Authority within 30 days; if suspension is for less than 30 days, surrender must be immediate.
18.-(1) A licence issued under these Regulations shall be valid for a period of two years unless the licence is suspended, cancelled or revoked in accordance with these Regulations. (2) A holder of an aerodrome licence which is suspended or cancelled shall within thirty days of the suspension or cancellation, surrender the licence to the Authority. (3) Notwithstanding sub-regulation (2), where an aerodrome licence is suspended for a period of less than thirty days, a holder of the licence shall surrender the licence immediately. Renewal of licence - 19 Verify source ↗
(1) An application for the renewal of a licence
AI-assisted research summary: A licence renewal application must be filed with the Authority in the prescribed form, with the required supporting documents, and submitted 60 days before the licence expires.
19.-(1) An application for the renewal of a licence shall be made to the Authority in the prescribed form and shall be accompanied by – (a) the aerodrome manual if significant changes have been made following the initial licensing; (b) particulars of deviations, the appropriate design, operation or equipment standards; and if any, from (c) the appropriate charges as prescribed by the Authority Information Publication or Aeronautical Information Circular. (2) An application for renewal shall be submitted the Aeronautical in sixty days before the expiry of the licence. (3) The renewal of a licence shall be subject to compliance with these Regulations, standards prescribed by the Authority and any other conditions as may be specified or notified by the Authority as determined by safety inspections and audit procedures by the Authority, before the renewal of the licence. 38 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Amendme nt of licence - 20 Verify source ↗
(1) An application for amendment of a licence
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority may require extra documents for a licence amendment application and may amend a licence when the stated conditions are met.
20.-(1) An application for amendment of a licence shall be submitted in a form prescribed by the Authority. (2) The Authority may request that the application be accompanied by any or all of the following - (a) an aerodrome manual; (b) a site plan for the aerodrome; (c) an environmental impact assessment report; (d) approval from any relevant authority; (e) proof of financial capability in the case of aerodromes in Category B; (f) particulars of any non-compliance or deviations from the appropriate aerodrome design, operation or equipment standards; and (g) charges as prescribed in Information Information Circular by the Authority. Publication the Aeronautical or Aeronautical (3) The Authority may, provided the requirements of regulations 14 are met, where necessary, amend a licence - (a) for a change in the use or operation of the aerodrome; (b) for a change in the boundaries of the aerodrome; (c) licence requests an the holder of the if amendment; or Suspensio n and cancellatio n of licence (d) if the Authority deems it necessary. - 21 Verify source ↗
(1) The Authority may suspend an aerodrome
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority may suspend an aerodrome licence on specified grounds, and the licence holder may respond or appeal within set time limits.
21.-(1) The Authority may suspend an aerodrome licence where - (a) following a safety inspection or audit, it is evident that the holder of the licence has not complied with the requirements prescribed in these Regulations and failed to remedy the non- compliance within a period of thirty days after the inspection; (b) the holder of the licence prevents the Authority from carrying out a safety inspection or audit in accordance with these Regulations; (c) the holder of the licence is under receivership, liquidation or bankruptcy proceedings; 39 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (d) it is deemed necessary in the interest of aviation safety. (2) The Authority may, on giving reasons to the holder of a licence, suspend the licence for a period not exceeding sixty days. (3) A holder of a licence who is notified of a suspension in sub regulation (2) may submit a response in writing within a period not exceeding fourteen days. (4) Notwithstanding sub regulation (3), the Authority may suspend any or all of the operations at an aerodrome pending receipt of a response from the holder. (5) A holder of a licence who is aggrieved by the suspension of a licence may appeal against the suspension to the Minister, within thirty days of the suspension. (6) Where an appeal is made under sub-regulation (5), the holder of a licence shall state in writing the reasons why in his opinion, the suspension shall be varied or set aside. (7) The Minister may vary or set aside the suspension made under sub-regulation (2) on the basis of the reasons given in the appeal under sub-regulation (5). (8) Where a holder of a licence does not appeal against the suspension in accordance with sub-regulation (5), the Authority may cancel the licence, on giving reasons to the holder of a licence. - 22 Verify source ↗
(1) Subject to sub-regulation (2), a holder of a
AI-assisted research summary: A licence holder may surrender the licence, but must give the Authority at least 30 days’ written notice if doing so.
22.-(1) Subject to sub-regulation (2), a holder of a licence may surrender the licence to the Authority at any time. (2) A holder of a licence who wishes to surrender the licence shall give the Authority not less than thirty days a notice in writing, before the date on which the licence is surrendered (3) The Authority shall cancel the licence upon the expiry of the period of notice in sub-regulation (2). Surrender of licence 40 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (4) Where, after the expiry of the period in sub- regulation (2), an aerodrome is abandoned or is not maintained in accordance with the conditions of the licence, the holder of the licence shall remove, obliterate or modify the prescribed markings referred to in regulation 67 (f). Charges at Licensed aerodrome s - 23 Verify source ↗
(1) A holder of a licence shall prescribe charges
AI-assisted research summary: A licence holder must set aerodrome charges, give charge details to the Authority if required, avoid charging contrary to Authority-set maximums, and post the prescribed charges where visible at the aerodrome.
23.-(1) A holder of a licence shall prescribe charges for the use of the aerodrome or any facilities provided at the aerodrome for the safety, security, efficiency or regularity of air navigation. (2) Where required by the Authority, a holder of a licence shall, furnish particulars of the charges levied for the use of an aerodrome or the performance of services at the aerodrome. (3) the Authority may where necessary, prescribe the maximum charges which may be levied for the use of an aerodrome or the performance of services at the aerodrome, for a specified period. Notwithstanding sub regulation (1), (4) A holder of a licence of the aerodrome for which the Authority prescribes charges under sub-regulation (3) shall not cause or permit any charges to be made in contravention of that sub-regulation. (5) A holder of a licence of an aerodrome for which the Authority prescribes charges shall cause the prescribed charges to be posted in a conspicuous place at the aerodrome. Licences register - 24 Verify source ↗
(1) The Authority shall maintain a register of all
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must keep a register of all licences issued under these Regulations.
24.-(1) The Authority shall maintain a register of all licences issued in accordance with these Regulations. (2) The register shall contain - (a) the full name of the holder of an aerodrome licence; (b) the nationality of the holder of a licence; (c) the postal, telephone, facsimile and e-mail addresses of a holder of a licence; (d) the name and location of the aerodrome for which a licence is issued; (e) the number of the licence; 41 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (f) the date on which the licence was issued; (g) the date on which the licence expire; and (h) any other relevant information. - 25 Verify source ↗
An aerodrome operator shall
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must notify availability times for public-use aerodrome operations and, if asked, give an authorised person information about the licence terms.
25. An aerodrome operator shall – (a) in the case of a licence to operate an aerodrome for public use, cause to be notified, the times during which the aerodrome is to be available for take-off and landing of aircraft for public transport or instruction in flying; and (b) upon request, furnish to an authorised person, information concerning the terms of the licence. PART IV CERTIFICATION OF AERODROMES
Part
PART V
- 71 Verify source ↗
Section 71
AI-assisted research summary: This provision is a table of contents-style listing for Section 71, covering category E aerodrome registration and related operator obligations.
71. Application for registration of a category E aerodrome Registration of a category E aerodrome Issuance of a registration approval Validity of a registration approval Renewal of a registration approval Amendment of a registration approval Cancellation of a registration approval Obligations of category E aerodrome operator Obligations of a pilot-in-command of an aircraft operating to and from a category E aerodrome Notification of registered aerodromes OBLIGATIONS OF AERODROME OPERATOR PART VI Application of this Part Compliance with standards and conditions Competence of operational and maintenance personnel Aerodrome operations and maintenance Safety management system Storage of inflammable and other dangerous goods Safety measures against fire Access to and operations within restricted areas Entry into or exit from restricted areas of aerodrome Test-running of aircraft engine Certain acts prohibited on aerodrome Removal of obstructions from aerodrome movement surfaces Maintenance of environment management programme Protection of navigation aids Responsibilities of operator Inspection of aerodromes and unhindered access by inspectors of the Authority Notifying and reporting Aerodrome movement area inspections Special inspections 3 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 40 Verify source ↗
This Part applies to aerodromes in category E
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to aerodromes in category E.
40. This Part applies to aerodromes in category E - 41 Verify source ↗
(1) An application for construction of a category
AI-assisted research summary: A category E aerodrome construction application must meet listed approval conditions and be supported by required documents and fees.
41.-(1) An application for construction of a category E aerodrome shall be considered for approval, where - (a) the applicant holds a valid authorization from a relevant Government or local authority for use of the place as an aerodrome; (b) the application is approved by the authority responsible for national environment management; (2) The Authority shall prior to issuance of approval for construction of category E aerodrome, assess the suitability of the place proposed for construction taking into consideration – 49 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (a) the proximity of the place to other aerodromes and landing areas including military aerodromes; airspace and (b) obstacles, existing terrain restrictions; and (c) that it is not against public interest that the place where the aerodrome is to be constructed shall be used as such. (3) An applicant for construction of a category E aerodrome shall submit to the Authority for approval an application the Authority, in a accompanied by – form prescribed by (a) aerodrome data in accordance with the Fifth Schedule; (b) a topographical map of the proposed aerodrome site as specified by the Authority; (c) Written permission from the owner of the land or evidence of ownership of the proprietary interest in the land on which the aerodrome is to be constructed; and (d) fees as prescribed by the Authority. 42 The Authority shall issue an approval to construct a category E aerodrome in writing where the application meets the requirements specified in these regulations and any other requirements as may be specified by any other relevant authority.
Part
PART VI
- 96 Verify source ↗
Section 96
AI-assisted research summary: This section lists the topics covered in Parts VII, VIII, and IX, including aerodrome manuals, aerodrome data, and wildlife hazard management.
96. PART VII AERODROME MANUAL Application of this Part Requirements for aerodrome manual Information to be included in an aerodrome manual Amendment of an aerodrome manual PART VIII AERODROME DATA Application of this part Aeronautical data Aerodrome reference point Aerodrome and runway elevation Aerodrome reference temperature Aerodrome dimensions and related information Strength of pavements Pre-flight altimeter check location Declared distances Condition of movement area and related facilities Water on a runway Responsibility for removal of disabled aircraft Information on level of protection of rescue and fire fighting Visual approach slope indicator System Coordination between aeronautical information services and aerodrome authorities PART IX WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT Application of this Part Animals not allowed in restricted areas of an aerodrome Wildlife hazard management Wildlife hazard reduction at aerodrome National Committee on Wildlife Hazard Management 4 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 53 Verify source ↗
This Part applies to all aerodromes except where
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to all aerodromes unless the text says otherwise.
53. This Part applies to all aerodromes except where otherwise specified. - 54 Verify source ↗
An aerodrome operator shall comply with the
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must comply with the standards and conditions endorsed on the relevant licence, certificate, or registration approval.
54. An aerodrome operator shall comply with the Standards and conditions, endorsed on a licence, certificate or registration approval granted under these regulations. - 55 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall ensure that there is an
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must keep enough qualified, skilled staff and, if certification is required by the Authority or another relevant authority, hire only certified personnel. The rule does not apply to category E aerodromes.
55.-(1) An operator shall ensure that there is an adequate number of qualified and skilled personnel to perform activities for aerodrome operation and maintenance. (2) Where the Authority or any other relevant authority requires competence certification for the personnel of an aerodrome, the operator shall employ only those persons with the required certification. (3) This regulation shall not apply to category E aerodromes. - 56 Verify source ↗
(1) Subject to any directives that the Authority
AI-assisted research summary: Operators must run and maintain aerodromes according to the aerodrome manual, and the Authority may issue written directives changing those procedures.
56.-(1) Subject to any directives that the Authority may issue, an operator shall operate and maintain an aerodrome in accordance with the procedures set out in the aerodrome manual. (2) The Authority may give written directives to an operator to alter the procedures set out in an aerodrome manual. (3) An operator shall ensure proper and efficient maintenance of the aerodrome facilities. (4) Where air traffic services are provided at an aerodrome, the operator shall co-ordinate with the air traffic services provider, to ensure the safety of aircraft operating for the local airspace, associated with the aerodrome. 55 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (5) This regulation shall not apply to category E aerodromes. - 57 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator of an aerodrome shall have in
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodrome operators must run an Authority-acceptable safety management system and meet related safety reporting and compliance requirements.
57.-(1) An operator of an aerodrome shall have in operation a safety management system (SMS) acceptable to the Authority and that complies with the requirements specified the Civil Aviation (Safety Management) Regulations, 2015 or any other relevant requirements as may be prescribed by the Authority or provided for in Part A of First Schedule of these regulations . in (2) An operator shall establish and evaluate safety performance indicators, alert levels and target levels at an aerodrome acceptable to the Authority. (3) The Authority shall conduct periodic review of the safety management system requirements under the State Safety Programme (SSP) to ensure they remain relevant and appropriate to the operators of certified aerodromes under these regulations. (4) An operator shall require and ensure that organizations performing activities at the aerodrome comply with the established aerodrome safety requirements. (5) This regulation may apply to aerodromes in category B where deemed necessary by the Authority. (6) This regulation shall not apply to aerodromes in categories C, D and E. - 57 Verify source ↗
A person shall not store fuel, pyrotechnic
AI-assisted research summary: A person must not store fuel, pyrotechnic materials, or other highly inflammable or dangerous goods at an aerodrome unless the Authority permits it and the prescribed standards are met.
57. A person shall not store fuel, pyrotechnic materials and other highly inflammable or dangerous goods at an aerodrome except with the permission of the Authority and in accordance with the prescribed standards. - 58 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall not
AI-assisted research summary: People must not smoke, use open flames, tamper with firefighting equipment, give false fire alarms, or handle flammable materials in the prohibited ways listed here. Operators must post signage showing the prohibited acts.
58.-(1) A person shall not - (a) smoke within any place, or bring an open flame into any place, where that act is prohibited by a displayed notice; Safety manageme nt system G.N. No.136 Storage of inflammab le and other dangerous goods Safety measures against fire 56 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (b) where there is no notice prohibiting smoking in a place, smoke within that place, or bring an open flame into that place, within a distance of an aircraft or, of any vehicle used for the supply of fuel to an aircraft, or a store, dump, liquid fuel or explosives, as may be prescribed; (c) wilfully give a false fire alarm; (d) tamper or interfere with any fire hose reel, hydrant or any other item of equipment provided for firefighting purposes; (e) keep, store, discard or discharge any flammable liquid, gas, signal flares or other like material in an aircraft, except in the receptacle appropriate for the purpose or in a place on the aerodrome specifically approved by the aerodrome operator for the purpose; or (f) store, stack or use any material or equipment in a manner which constitutes or is likely to constitute a fire hazard. (2) An operator shall display in conspicuous places appropriate signage in respect of the acts prohibited under sub regulation (1). Access to and operations within restricted areas - 59 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall not access a restricted area of
AI-assisted research summary: A person may not enter a restricted area of an aerodrome unless authorised by the operator and subject to the operator’s conditions.
59.-(1) A person shall not access a restricted area of an aerodrome unless authorised by the operator and subject to such conditions as the operator may impose. (2) A person authorised to access a restricted area under sub-regulation (1) shall not - (a) move an aircraft or a vehicle in the restricted area except with the permission and directions issued by the air traffic services personnel; (b) move an aircraft or vehicle in the restricted area in a manner that endangers the safety of persons and property; (c) use a portion of the aerodrome for landing or taking off, other than the area designated for that purpose. 57 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Entry into or exit from restricted areas of aerodrome - 60 Verify source ↗
(1) A person, aircraft or vehicle shall not enter or
AI-assisted research summary: People, aircraft, and vehicles must not enter or leave restricted aerodrome areas except through operator-established points, with limited emergency or designated-entry exceptions.
60.-(1) A person, aircraft or vehicle shall not enter or leave a restricted area of an aerodrome except through points established by the operator for the purpose. (2) Except in an emergency or at an appropriate point of entry or exit established by an operator for that purpose, a person - Test- running of aircraft engine Certain acts prohibited on aerodrome (a) other than a person carried in an aircraft or in a vehicle, shall not enter or leave a restricted areas of an aerodrome; or (b) shall not move an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome or a vehicle into or from the restricted area. - 60 Verify source ↗
A person shall not test-run an aircraft engine at an
AI-assisted research summary: A person must not test-run an aircraft engine at an aerodrome unless it is at the aerodrome’s approved aircraft maintenance facility or another place the operator designates for that purpose.
60. A person shall not test-run an aircraft engine at an aerodrome except at the approved aircraft maintenance facility of the aerodrome or a place designated for that purpose, by the operator. - 61 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall not, on an aerodrome
AI-assisted research summary: On an aerodrome, a person must not obstruct, damage, dump waste, spill polluting substances, or otherwise interfere with aerodrome operations unless the operator permits it.
61.-(1) A person shall not, on an aerodrome- (a) obstruct or interfere with the proper use of the aerodrome ; (b) obstruct any person executing his or her duties at the aerodrome ; (c) remove or deface any notice, writing, document or marking erected or displayed by the aerodrome operator; (d) throw, leave or drop anything capable of causing injury to any person or damage to any property; (e) dump any waste matter except at a place approved for the purpose by the aerodrome operator; (f) dump or spill any substance capable of causing water pollution, whether solid, liquid, vapour or gas or a combination of these, except at a place approved for that purpose by the aerodrome operator. 58 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) Except with the permission of the operator, a person shall not - (a) interfere or tamper with any part of the aerodrome or any equipment associated with the operation of the aerodrome; (b) climb any wall, fence, barrier, ceiling, gate or post on an aerodrome; (c) handle any baggage or carry baggage for a passengers at an aerodrome; (d) bring a vehicle into or drive into an aerodrome; or (e) obstruct an entrance to or a passage at an aerodrome in a manner that inconvenience other users of the entrance or passage. - 62 Verify source ↗
An operator shall remove from the aerodrome
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must remove any vehicle or other obstruction from the aerodrome surface if it is likely to be hazardous to aircraft operations.
62. An operator shall remove from the aerodrome surface any vehicle or other obstruction that is likely to be hazardous to aircraft operations. - 63 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall establish and maintain an
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must establish and maintain an aerodrome environment management programme and make sure it reduces hazards to aircraft operations.
63.-(1) An operator shall establish and maintain an aerodrome environment management programme for the area within the authority of the operator and for the area where any wildlife presents or is likely to present a hazard to aircraft operations. Removal of obstructio ns from the aerodrome movement surface Maintenan ce of environme nt manageme nt programm e (2) An operator shall ensure that the environment management programme established under sub-regulation (1) minimises the effects of any hazards or potential hazards taking laws on environmental management. the provisions of into account the (3) This regulation shall not apply to aerodromes in categories C, D and E. Protection of - 64 Verify source ↗
An operator shall in consultation with the
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must consult the Authority and prevent aerodrome construction or signal interruptions that could interfere with navigation aids or air traffic service facilities.
64. An operator shall in consultation with the Authority - 59 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) navigation aids (a) prevent construction of any facilities on the aerodrome, which may adversely affect the operation of any electronic or visual navigation or air traffic service facility on the aerodrome; (b) as far as it is within the authority of the operator, prevent any interruption of visual or electronic signal of navigation aids. Responsi- bilities of operator - 65 Verify source ↗
An operator shall
AI-assisted research summary: The operator must keep the aerodrome safe, serviceable, marked, and properly reported to the Authority.
65. An operator shall - (a) maintain condition; the aerodrome in a serviceable (b) keep the aerodrome free of unauthorized persons, vehicles and animals which are not under proper control or any other obstructions; (c) mark all obstructions in accordance with the prescribed guidelines; (d) inform the Authority of any alterations to obstruction or works on the aerodrome; (e) install approved wind direction indicators to show the surface direction of the wind and ensure that they function satisfactorily; (f) maintain the prescribed markings a conspicuous condition and ensure that they are readily visible the air or to aircraft manoeuvring on the ground; in in (g) avail facilities and ensure that they are in serviceable condition and that all apparatus installed function efficiently; (h) appropriately mark the unserviceable areas on the landing terrain; (i) inform the Authority where the aerodrome becomes unserviceable through any cause or where any portion of the surface of the landing area deteriorates to such an extent that the safe operation of aircraft may be endangered; (j) submit to the Authority reports on the condition of the aerodrome as may be required by the Authority; 60 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (k) ensure that organisations performing activities at the aerodrome comply with safety requirements specified by the operator; and (l) report all incidents and accidents at the aerodrome to the Authority. Inspection of aerodrome s and unhindere d access by inspectors of the Authority - 66 Verify source ↗
(1) Before an aerodrome licence or certificate is
AI-assisted research summary: Before aerodrome licences, certificates, or registration approvals are issued or renewed, the Authority must inspect the aerodrome and related materials; inspectors must also be allowed unhindered access.
66.-(1) Before an aerodrome licence or certificate is issued or renewed and, subsequently, at any other time, for the purpose of ensuring that safety at the aerodrome is maintained, the Authority shall inspect and carry out tests on the aerodrome facilities, services and equipment, inspect the documents and records of the aerodrome, where applicable, verify the safety management system of the aerodrome. (2) Before an aerodrome registration approval is issued or renewed, the Authority shall inspect the aerodrome and associated facilities for the purpose of ensuring compliance with applicable requirements. (3) For the purpose of facilitating the functions of the Authority specified in sub-regulations (1) and (2), an inspector of the Authority shall have unhindered access to any part of the aerodrome or any aerodrome facility, including equipment, records, documents and personnel. Notifying and reporting - 67 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall notify and report to the
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must notify the Authority, air traffic control unit, and pilots about specified aerodrome safety information within the required time limits, and must give immediate notice directly to affected pilots if notice through air traffic control and the flight operations unit is not feasible.
67.-(1) An operator shall notify and report to the Authority, the air traffic control unit and pilots, within the specified time limits, information on - (a) any inaccuracies in the Aeronautical Information Publication; (b) any changes to facilities, equipment and level of service planned in advance; and the aerodrome (c) issues that may require immediate notification including obstacles, obstructions and hazards, levels of service, movement areas, and any other condition that affects aviation safety at the aerodrome and against which precautions are warranted. 61 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Aerodrom e movement area inspection s Special inspectio ns (2) Where it is not feasible for an operator to arrange for the air traffic control and the flight operations unit to receive notice of the circumstances referred to in sub- regulation (1) (c), the operator shall give immediate notice, directly to the pilots who may be affected by that circumstance. - 68 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome operator shall carry out
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must inspect the movement area on a set schedule, with more frequent checks for category A and B aerodromes than for category C and D.
68.-(1) An aerodrome operator shall carry out inspections of the movement area each day at least once for aerodromes in category B and at least twice for aerodromes in category A to monitor and report the condition of the movement areas and operational status of related facilities. (2) An aerodrome operator shall carry out inspections of the movement area at least once a week for aerodromes in category C and D. - 69 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall inspect an aerodrome
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must inspect an aerodrome after accidents or incidents, during relevant construction or repair, and whenever conditions may affect aviation safety.
69.-(1) An operator shall inspect an aerodrome – (a) as soon as practicable after any accident or incident; (b) during any period of construction or repair of the aerodrome facilities or equipment that is critical to the safety of aircraft operation; and (c) at any other time when there are conditions at the aerodrome that may affect aviation safety. (2) An operator shall, within the specified time limits, notify and report to the Authority information on any special inspection carried out under sub regulation (1). Warning notices - 70 Verify source ↗
(1) Where a low flying aircraft, at or near an
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must warn people about a hazardous low-flying or taxiing aircraft by posting hazard warning notices on adjacent public ways, or notify the relevant authority if the public way is not controlled by the operator.
70.-(1) Where a low flying aircraft, at or near an aerodrome, or where a taxiing aircraft, is likely to be hazardous to people or vehicles, an operator shall – (a) post hazard warning notices to that effect, on any public way that is adjacent to the manoeuvring area; or (b) where the public way is not controlled by the inform the relevant authority of the operator, hazard. 62 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Applicatio n of Part this Require- ments for aerodrome manual Informatio n to be included in an aerodrome manual PART VII AERODROME MANUAL
Part
PART IX
- 126 Verify source ↗
Section 126
AI-assisted research summary: This section is a heading/listing for responsibilities and aerodrome physical characteristics topics, but it does not state a specific rule in the text provided.
126. Responsibilities of the National Committee on Wildlife Hazard Management Composition of the National Committee on Wildlife Hazard Management PART X AERODROME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Application of this Part Conditions for operating an aerodrome Standards for physical characteristics of an aerodrome Number and orientation of runways Choice of maximum permissible cross-wing component Data to be used for the calculation of the runway usability factor Location of threshold Determination of actual length of runways Determination of width of runway Determination of minimum distance between parallel runways Slopes on runways Strength of runways Surface of runways Runway shoulders Runway turn pads Runway strips Slopes on runway strips Runway end safety area Clearways Stopways Radio altimeter operating area Taxiways Rapid exit taxiways Taxiway on bridges Taxiway shoulders Taxiway strips Holding bays, runway holding positions, intermediate holding positions and road holding positions Aprons 5 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 90 Verify source ↗
In this Part, regulation 93 applies to all categories
AI-assisted research summary: Regulation 93 applies to all aerodromes, while regulations 94 to 96 apply only to aerodromes in categories A and B.
90. In this Part, regulation 93 applies to all categories of aerodromes and regulations 94, 95 and 96 applies only to aerodromes in categories A and B. Animals not allowed in restricted areas of the aerodrome Wildlife hazard manageme nt - 91 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall not bring, permit or graze an
AI-assisted research summary: A person must not bring, permit, or graze animals in an aerodrome’s restricted area, and if a person brings or receives an animal there, the animal must stay under proper control.
91.-(1) A person shall not bring, permit or graze an animal in the restricted area of an aerodrome or cause any animal to graze or feed in the restricted area of an aerodrome. (2) Subject to sub-regulation (1), a person who brings, permits or grazes an animal in the restricted area of an aerodrome or who causes an animal to graze or feed in a restricted area of an aerodrome or who receives an animal in the restricted area of the aerodrome, shall ensure that the animal is at all times under proper control while in the restricted area. (3) For domesticated animal and a bird. this regulation, “animal” means a - 92 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall, in consultation with the
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must control wildlife hazards and have procedures in place to deal with wildlife risks to aircraft operations.
92.-(1) An operator shall, in consultation with the authority responsible for wildlife, take necessary action to control wildlife hazards at the aerodrome. (2) An operator shall ensure that procedures to deal with the danger posed to aircraft operations by the presence of wildlife in the aerodrome flight pattern or movement area are in place. (3) The wildlife management plan of an aerodrome shall be approved by the Authority and shall form part of the aerodrome manual. Wildlife hazard reduction at aerodrome - 93 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall, in consultation with the
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodrome operators must manage wildlife hazards, report wildlife strikes, keep records, and control nearby attractions to wildlife.
93.-(1) An operator shall, in consultation with the authority responsible for wildlife, take all reasonable steps to minimize the risks associated with wildlife strike hazards by establishing a Wildlife Hazard Management Programme 75 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) An operator shall take practical measures to control the wildlife habitat at or around the aerodrome and to disperse birds, which are a potential hazard to aircraft operations. (3) A wildlife strike hazard on, or in the vicinity of, an aerodrome shall be assessed through - (a) the establishment of a national procedure for to reporting wildlife strikes recording and aircraft; (b) the collection of information from aircraft operators, aerodrome personnel, and other sources on the presence of wildlife on, or around the aerodrome constituting a potential hazard to aircraft operations.; and (c) an ongoing evaluation of the wildlife hazard by competent personnel. (4) The aerodrome operator shall collect and forward wildlife strike reports to the Authority for submission to ICAO for inclusion in the ICAO Bird Strike Information System (IBIS) database. (5) An aerodrome operator shall take action to decrease the risk to aircraft operations by adopting measures to minimize the likelihood of collisions between wildlife and aircraft. (6) An aerodrome operator shall take action to eliminate or to prevent the establishment of refuse collection sites, garbage disposal dumps, including landfills, or any other source which may attract wildlife to the aerodrome, or its vicinity, unless an appropriate wildlife assessment to create conditions they are unlikely indicates conducive to wildlife hazard problem. that (7) Subject to sub-regulation (6), refuse collection sites, garbage disposal dumps and landfills shall be located no closer than a 13km radius circle centred on the aerodrome reference point and shall be located further, if located in the vicinity of an approach and take-off path of an aerodrome, except where studies of flight lines of birds attracted to these sites show that the birds will not be problematic for the aerodrome. 76 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (8) Where the elimination of existing sites is not possible, the operator and the relevant authorities shall ensure that any risk to aircraft posed by these sites is assessed and reduced to as low as reasonably practicable. (9) An aerodrome operator shall establish a local wildlife hazard management committee to manage wildlife hazard at the aerodrome. (10) An establish aerodrome operator aerodrome wildlife control unit, adequately equipped to control and manage wildlife hazard at the aerodrome. shall (11) The operator shall cause records of all aspects of wildlife hazard control to be kept and shall report all wildlife strikes to the Authority. shall monitor (12) An operator local environment including any activities that may attract wildlife the wildlife hazard management and programme, shall consider the activities that may attract wildlife. that environment and in designing the (13) An aerodrome operator shall give due consideration to aviation safety concerns related to land developments in the vicinity of the aerodrome that may attract wildlife. - 94 Verify source ↗
There shall be a national committee on wildlife
AI-assisted research summary: The national authority responsible for airports must establish a national committee on wildlife hazard management.
94. There shall be a national committee on wildlife hazard management established by the national authority responsible for airports. National Committe e on Wildlife Hazard Managem ent 77 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Responsib ilities of the National Committe e on Wildlife Hazard Managem ent Compositi on of the National Committe e on Wildlife Hazard Managem ent - 95 Verify source ↗
The national committee on wildlife hazard
AI-assisted research summary: The national committee on wildlife hazard management must carry out several wildlife-hazard management functions at aerodromes.
95. The national committee on wildlife hazard management shall be responsible for- (a) analysing wildlife hazard problems at aerodromes; (b) carrying out research and development on wildlife hazard management; (c) acting as an interface between the aerodrome operators and air operators; (d) advising aerodrome operators on wildlife hazard management; and (e) reviewing the effectiveness of the wildlife hazard management programmes at aerodromes. - 96 Verify source ↗
(1) The national committee on wildlife hazard
AI-assisted research summary: The national committee on wildlife hazard management must include specified representatives and meet at least once a year.
96. –(1) The national committee on wildlife hazard management shall consist of: (a) the chief executive of the State’s airports authority who shall be the chair; (b) representatives from the ministries responsible for civil aviation, local government, and defence; from (c) aerodrome representatives operator Aerodromes in Category A and B; (d) aircraft operator representatives; (e) chairpersons of the airports’ local wildlife hazard management committees; (f) air navigation service provider representatives; (g) agencies responsible for wildlife services; and (h) such other persons or agencies as may be deemed necessary. (2) The national committee shall convene meetings at least once annually. PART X AERODROMES PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Applicatio n of this Part
Part
PART X
- 127 Verify source ↗
Section 127
AI-assisted research summary: Section 127 is titled “Isolated aircraft parking position” and appears under Part XI on obstacle restrictions and removal.
127. Isolated aircraft parking position PART XI OBSTACLE RESTRICTIONS AND REMOVAL - 97 Verify source ↗
(1) This Part applies to aerodromes categories
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to aerodromes in categories A, B, C, and E, unless another provision says otherwise. Category D aerodrome physical standards are set by the Authority.
97. –(1) This Part applies to aerodromes categories A, B, C and E except where otherwise specified. 78 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Condition s for operating an aerodrome Standards for physical characteris tics of an aerodrome Number and orientation of runways (2) The standards for physical characteristics for category D aerodromes shall be as prescribed by the Authority. - 98 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall not operate an aerodrome
AI-assisted research summary: A person must not operate a licensed, certificated, or registered aerodrome unless it meets the needs of the aircraft it is intended for, and the aerodrome operator must have a procedure to assess safety impacts when physical characteristics, facilities, or equipment change.
98.-(1) A person shall not operate an aerodrome licensed, certificated or registered under these regulations unless the aerodrome are compliant the needs of the aircraft for which the aerodrome is intended. the facilities, equipment and services of (2) Whenever change to the aerodrome physical characteristics, facilities or equipment is proposed, the implement a procedure for aerodrome operator shall evaluating the impact of change on the safety of existing operation. - 99 Verify source ↗
A person shall not operate an aerodrome unless
AI-assisted research summary: A person must not operate an aerodrome unless its physical characteristics comply with these Regulations.
99. A person shall not operate an aerodrome unless the physical characteristics of the aerodrome comply with these Regulations. - 100 Verify source ↗
(1) The number and orientation of a runway at
AI-assisted research summary: Runway number and orientation must support at least a 95% usability factor, reduce noise impacts, and for new instrument runways avoid obstacles that would restrict aircraft operation.
100.-(1) The number and orientation of a runway at an aerodrome shall be such that the usability factor of the aerodrome is not less than 95 per cent for the aircraft for which the aerodrome is intended to serve, taking into account the wind distribution for the location. (2) The sitting and orientation of runways at an aerodrome shall be such that the arrival and departure tracks minimize interference with areas approved for residential use and other noise-sensitive areas close to the aerodrome in order to avoid future noise problems. (3) When a new instrument runway is being located, particular attention shall be given to areas over which aircraft will be required to fly when following instrument approach and missed approach procedures, so as to ensure that obstacles in these areas or other factors will not restrict the operation of the aircraft for which the runway is intended. 79 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Choice of maximum permissibl e cross- wind componen ts - 101 Verify source ↗
(1) In determining the number and orientation
AI-assisted research summary: When deciding runway number and orientation, the crosswind component limits are set by aircraft reference field length.
101.-(1) In determining the number and orientation of runways as required by regulation 100 the crosswind component for aircraft landing and taking off shall not exceed the cross-wind components – (a) 37 km/h (20 kts) in the case of aircraft whose reference field length is 1500 m or over, except that when poor runway braking action owing to an insufficient longitudinal coefficient of friction is experienced with some frequency, a crosswind component not exceeding 24 km/h (13 kts) shall be assumed; (b) 24 km/h (13 kts) in the case of aircraft whose reference field length is 1200 m or up to but not including 1 500 m; and (c) 19 km/h (10 kts) in the case of aircraft whose reference field length is less than 1200 m. (2) Factors that may affect the calculation of the estimate of the usability factor and allowances to be made to take account of the effect of unusual circumstance shall include – (a) type of operation; (b) climatological distribution, wind components; (c) Topography of conditions including wind statistics and crosswind the aerodrome site, aircraft approach paths, and surroundings including: surfaces, limitation obstacle (i) as applicable; (ii) (iii) (iv) current and future land use; construction costs; Visual and non-visual aids; (d) Air traffic in the vicinity of the aerodrome including: (i) (ii) (iii) proximity of other aerodromes or air traffic services routes; traffic density; air traffic control procedures where applicable and missed approach procedures. 80 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Data to be used for the calculatio n of the runway usability factor Location of threshold - 102 Verify source ↗
(1) The selection of data to be used for the
AI-assisted research summary: The data used to calculate runway usability factor must be based on reliable wind distribution statistics covering at least five years, with wind observations taken at least eight times a day at equal intervals. A shorter period may be used for category E aerodromes if the operator determines it and the Authority accepts it.
102.-(1) The selection of data to be used for the calculation of the runway usability factor shall be based on reliable wind distribution statistics that extend over a period of not less than five years with wind observations made at least eight times daily and spaced at equal intervals of time. (2) Wind distribution statistics of a shorter period may be used for runways in category E aerodromes as determined by the operator and accepted by the Authority. - 103 Verify source ↗
(1) A threshold shall be located at the extremity
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must consider listed factors when a runway threshold is displaced from its normal location.
103.-(1) A threshold shall be located at the extremity of a runway unless operational considerations justify the choice of another location. (2) In determining that no obstacles penetrate above the approach surface, account shall be taken of mobile objects (vehicles on roads, trains, etc.) at least within that portion of the approach area within 1200 m longitudinally from the threshold and of an overall width of not less than 150 m. (3) When it is necessary to displace a threshold, either permanently or temporarily, from its normal location, the operator shall take into account the various factors which may have a bearing on the location of the threshold as illustrated in Ninth Schedule of these Regulations. (4) Where a displacement is due to an unserviceable runway condition, a cleared and graded area of at least 60 m in length shall be available between the unserviceable area and the displaced threshold and an additional distance shall be provided to meet the requirements of the runway end safety area. 81 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Determina tion of actual length of runways (5) Pursuant to sub-regulation (3), factors to be considered in the determination of the location of a displaced threshold shall be: (a) obstacles in the approach surface; (b) landing distance available; (c) type of aircraft for which the runway is intended; (d) visibility and cloud base conditions; (e) obstacle clearance limit in the case of precision approach runways; and (f) provision for obstacle free surfaces. - 104 Verify source ↗
(1) Except as provided in sub-regulation (3), the
AI-assisted research summary: Primary runways must be long enough for the aircraft’s operational needs and at least as long as the corrected minimum length; secondary runways are assessed under the same rule, with a usability-factor condition. Shorter runway length may be acceptable where stop-ways or clearways are used, if the combined layout still meets the aircraft’s operational needs.
104.-(1) Except as provided in sub-regulation (3), the actual runway length to be provided for a primary runway shall be adequate to meet the operational requirements of the aircraft for which the runway is intended and shall be not less than the longest length determined by applying the corrections for local conditions to the operations and performance characteristics of the relevant aircraft, including elevation, temperature, runway slope, humidity and the runway surface characteristics. (2) The length of a secondary runway shall be determined in accordance with sub-regulation (1) except that consideration shall only be given to the needs of those aircraft which require to use the secondary runway in addition to other runways in order to obtain a usability factor of at least 95 per cent. (3) (a) Where a runway is associated with a stop-way or clearway, an actual runway length less than that resulting from application of sub-regulations (1) or (2), as appropriate, may be considered satisfactory, but in such a case any combination of runway, stop-way and clearway provided shall permit compliance with the operational requirements the aircraft the runway is for take-off and landing of intended to serve. (b) The use of stopways and clearways shall be as described in the Thirteenth Schedule to these Regulations. 82 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Determina tion of width of runways - 105 Verify source ↗
(1) The width of a runway shall not be less than
AI-assisted research summary: Runways must meet the minimum widths listed in the table, and precision approach runways must be at least 30 m wide when the code number is 1 or 2.
105.-(1) The width of a runway shall not be less than the following in the appropriate dimension specified tabulation: Code number 1 2 3 4 A B 18 m 23 m 30 m - 18 m 23 m 30 m - Code letter D - - 45 m 45 m C 23 m 30 m 30 m 45 m E F - - - 45 m - - - 60 m (2) The width of a precision approach runway shall be not less than 30 m where the code number is 1 or 2. Determina tion of minimum distance between parallel runways - 106 Verify source ↗
(1) Where parallel non-instrument runways are
AI-assisted research summary: Parallel runways used at the same time must meet specified minimum centre-line distances, with different distances for non-instrument and instrument runways and some adjustment rules for segregated parallel operations.
106.-(1) Where parallel non-instrument runways are intended for simultaneous use, the minimum distance between their centre lines shall be: (a) 210 m where the higher code number is 3 or 4; (b) 150 m where the higher code number is 2; and (c) 120 m where the higher code number is 1. 83 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) Where parallel instrument runways are intended for simultaneous use, the minimum distance between their centre lines shall be: (a) 1 035 m for independent parallel approaches; (b) 915 m for dependent parallel approaches; (c) 760 m for independent parallel departures; (d) 760 m for segregated parallel operations; except that: (a) for segregated parallel operations the specified minimum distance: (i) may be decreased by 30 m for each 150 m that the arrival runway is staggered toward to a the arriving aircraft, minimum of 300 m; and shall be increased by 30 m for each 150 m that the arrival runway is staggered away from the arriving aircraft; (ii) (b) for independent parallel approaches, combinations of minimum distances and associated conditions may be applied when it is determined that such combinations would not adversely affect the safety of aircraft operations. Slopes on runways - 107 Verify source ↗
(1) The longitudinal slope of a runway shall be
AI-assisted research summary: A runway’s longitudinal slope must be calculated from the difference in elevation along the centre line divided by runway length, and it must not exceed the stated percentage limits.
107.-(1) The longitudinal slope of a runway shall be computed by dividing the difference between the maximum and minimum elevation along the runway centre line by the runway length and shall not exceed: (a) and (b) 1 per cent where the code number is 3 or 4; 2 per cent where the code number is 1 or 2. 84 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) The longitudinal slopes along any portion of a runway shall not exceed: (a) 1.25 per cent where the code number is 4, except that for the first and last quarter of the length of the runway the longitudinal slope shallnot exceed - 0 Verify source ↗
8 per cent
AI-assisted research summary: Runway slopes and slope changes must stay within set limits, with different percentages depending on code number or code letter.
0.8 per cent; (b) 1.5 per cent where the code number is 3, except that for the first and last quarter of the length of a precision approach runway category II or III the longitudinal slope shall not exceed 0.8 per cent; and (c) 2 per cent where the code number is 1 or 2. (3) Where slope changes cannot be avoided, the slope change between two consecutive slopes shall not exceed: (a) 1.5 per cent where the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) 2 per cent where the code number is 1 or 2. (4) The transition from one slope to another shall be accomplished by a curved surface with a rate of change not exceeding: (a) per cent per 30 m (minimum radius of curvature of 30 000 m) where the code number is 4; (b) 0.2 per cent per 30 m (minimum radius of curvature of 15 000 m) where the code number is 3; and (c) 0.4 per cent per 30 m (minimum radius of curvature of 7 500 m) where the code number is 1 or 2. 85 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (5) Where slope changes cannot be avoided, they shall be such that there is an unobstructed line of sight from: (a) any point 3 m above a runway to all other points 3 m above the runway within a distance of at least half the length of the runway where the code letter is C, D, E or F; (b) any point 2 m above a runway to all other points 2 m above the runway within a distance of at least half the length of the runway where the code letter is B; and (c) any point 1.5 m above a runway to all other points 1.5 m above the runway within a distance of at least half the length of the runway where the code letter is A. (6) Undulations or appreciable changes in slopes located close together along a runway shall be avoided and the distance between the points of intersection of two successive curves shall not be less than: (a) the sum of the absolute numerical values of the corresponding slope changes multiplied by the appropriate value as follows: (i) 30 000 m where the code number is 4; (ii) 15 000 m where the code number is 3; and (iii) 5 000 m where the code number is 1 or 2; or (b) 45 m, whichever is greater. (7) rapid drainage of water, The runway surface shall, if practicable, be cambered except where a single crossfall from high to low in the direction of the wind most frequently associated with rain would ensure rapid drainage. 86 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (8) The transverse slope shall where possible, be: (a) 1.5 per cent where the code letter is C, D, E or F; and (b) 2 per cent where the code letter is A or B, but in any event shall not exceed 1.5 per cent or 2 per cent, as applicable, nor be less than 1 per cent except at runway or taxiway intersections where flatter slopes may be necessary; and (9) For a cambered surface the transverse slope on each side of the centre line shall be symmetrical. (10) The transverse slope shall be substantially the same throughout the length of a runway except at an intersection with another runway or a taxiway where an even transition shall be provided taking into account the need for adequate drainage. - 108 Verify source ↗
A Runway shall be capable of withstanding the
AI-assisted research summary: A runway must be capable of withstanding the traffic of the aircraft it is intended to serve.
108. A Runway shall be capable of withstanding the traffic of aircraft for which the runway is intended to serve. - 108 Verify source ↗
(1) The surface of a runway shall be constructed
AI-assisted research summary: Runway surfaces must be built and maintained so they do not have irregularities that harm friction or aircraft take-off and landing, and a new surface must have an average texture depth of at least 1.0 mm.
108.-(1) The surface of a runway shall be constructed without irregularities that impairs the runway surface friction characteristics or otherwise adversely affect the take-off or landing of an aircraft. (2) A paved runway shall be so constructed and maintained as to provide surface friction characteristics at or above the minimum friction level specified by the Authority. (3) The surface of a paved runway shall be evaluated when constructed or resurfaced to determine that the surface friction characteristics achieve the design objectives. Strength of runways Surface of runways (4) Measurements friction characteristics of a new or resurfaced paved runway shall be made with a continuous friction measuring device using self- wetting features. surface the of (5) The average surface texture depth of a new surface shall be not less than 1.0 mm, taking into consideration macro texture and micro texture in order to provide the required surface friction characteristics. 87 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (6) When the surface is grooved or scored, the grooves or scorings shall be either perpendicular to the runway centre to non-perpendicular transverse joints, where applicable. line or parallel Runway shoulders - 109 Verify source ↗
(1) Runway shoulders shall be provided for a
AI-assisted research summary: Runway shoulders must be provided in specified runway conditions, and they must meet width and surface requirements.
109.-(1) Runway shoulders shall be provided for a runway where the code letter is D or E, and the runway width is less than 60 m. (2) Runway shoulders shall be provided for a runway Runway turn pads where the code letter is F. (3) The runway shoulders shall extend symmetrically on each side of the runway so that the overall width of the runway and its shoulders is not less than: (a) 60 m where the code letter is D or E; and (b) 75 m where the code letter is F. (4) The surface of the shoulder that abuts the runway shall be flush with the surface of the runway and its transverse slope shall not exceed 2.5 per cent. (5) A runway shoulder shall be prepared or constructed so as to be capable, in the event of an aircraft running off the runway, of supporting the aircraft without inducing structural damage to the aircraft and of supporting ground vehicles which may operate on the shoulder. - 110 Verify source ↗
(1) Where the end of a runway is not served by
AI-assisted research summary: Runway turn pads must be provided in certain runway-end situations, and their design angles and clearance limits are controlled.
110.-(1) Where the end of a runway is not served by a taxiway or a taxiway turnaround and where the code letter is D, E, or F, a runway turn pad shall be provided to facilitate a 180-degree turn of aircraft. (2) Where the end of a runway is not served by a taxiway or a taxiway turnaround and where the code letter is A, B, or C, a runway turn pad shall be provided to facilitate a 180-degree turn of aircraft. (3) The runway turn pad may be located on either the left or right side of the runway and adjoining the runway pavement at both ends of the runway and at some intermediate locations where deemed necessary (4) The intersection angle of the runway turn pad with the runway shall not exceed 30 degrees. 88 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (5) The nose wheel steering angle to be used in the design of the runway turn pad shall not exceed 45 degrees. (6) The design of a runway turn pad shall be such that, when the cockpit of the aircraft for which the turn pad is intended remains over the turn pad marking, the clearance distance between any wheel of the aircraft landing gear and the edge of the turn pad shall be not less than that given by the following tabulation: Code letter Clearance A - 1 Verify source ↗
5 m
AI-assisted research summary: The turn pad dimensions are 1.5 m, 2.25 m, or 3 m depending on use for aeroplanes with a wheel base under 18 m.
1.5 m B 2.25 m C 3 m if the turn pad is intended to be used by aeroplanes with a wheel base less than 18 m; - 4 Verify source ↗
5 m if the turn pad is intended to be used
AI-assisted research summary: Runway turn pads must meet specified width, strength, surface, and friction requirements, and the rule applies only to aerodromes in categories A and B.
4.5 m if the turn pad is intended to be used by aeroplanes with a wheel base equal to or greater than 18 m. D 4.5 m E 4.5 m F 4.5 m (7) For the purpose of these regulations, wheel base means the distance from the nose gear to the geometric centre of the main gear. (8) Where severe weather conditions and resultant lowering of surface friction characteristics prevail, a larger wheel-to-edge clearance of 6 m shall be provided where the code letter is E or F. turn pad shall be sufficient (9) The longitudinal and transverse slopes on a runway the accumulation of water on the surface and facilitate rapid drainage of surface water, and the slopes shall be the same as those on the adjacent runway pavement surface. to prevent 89 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (10) The strength of a runway turn pad shall be at least equal to that of the adjoining runway which it serves, due consideration being given to the fact that the turn pad will be subjected to slow-moving traffic making hard turns and consequent higher stresses on the pavement and where a runway turn pad is provided with flexible pavement, the surface shall be capable of withstanding the horizontal shear forces exerted by the main landing gear tires during turning manoeuvres. (11) The surface of a runway turn pad shall not have surface irregularities that may cause damage to an aircraft using the turn pad. (12) The surface of a runway turn pad shall be so constructed or resurfaced as to provide surface friction characteristics at least equal to that of the adjoining runway. (13) The runway turn pads shall be provided with shoulders of such width as is necessary to prevent surface erosion by the jet blast of the most demanding aircraft for which the turn pad is intended, and any possible foreign object damage to the aircraft engines, and as a minimum, the width of the shoulders shall be required to cover the outer engine of the most demanding aircraft and thus may be wider than the associated runway shoulders. (14) The strength of runway turn pad shoulders shall be capable of withstanding the occasional passage of the aircraft it is designed to serve without inducing structural damage to the aircraft and to the supporting ground vehicles that may operate on the shoulder. (15) This regulation shall apply only to aerodromes in categories A and B. Runway strips - 111 Verify source ↗
(1) A runway and any associated stopways shall
AI-assisted research summary: Runways and stopways must be included in a runway strip, and the strip must meet minimum length, width, obstacle, surface, and blast-erosion requirements.
111.-(1) A runway and any associated stopways shall be included in a strip. 90 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) A strip shall extend before the threshold and beyond the end of the runway or stopway for a distance of at least: (a) 60 m where the code number is 2, 3 or 4; (b) 60 m where the code number is 1 and the runway is an instrument one; and (c) 30 m where the code number is 1 and the runway is a non-instrument one. (3) A strip including a precision approach runway shall, wherever practicable, extend laterally to a distance of at least: (a) 150 m where the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) 75 m where the code number is 1 or 2; on each side of the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length of the strip. (4) A strip including a non-precision approach runway shall extend laterally to a distance of at least: (a) 150 m where the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) 75 m where the code number is 1 or 2; on each side of the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length of the strip. (5) A strip including a non-instrument runway shall extend on each side of the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line throughout the length of the strip, to a distance of at least: (a) 75 m where the code number is 3 or 4; (b) 40 m where the code number is 2; and (c) 30 m where the code number is 1. (6) An object situated on a runway strip which may endanger aircraft shall be regarded as an obstacle and shall, as far as practicable, be removed. 91 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (7) No fixed object, other than visual aids required for air navigation or those required for aircraft safety purposes and which shall be sited on the runway strip, and satisfying the relevant frangibility requirement, shall be permitted on a runway strip: (a) within 77.5 m of the runway centre line of a precision approach runway category I, II or III where the code number is 4 and the code letter is F; or (b) within 60 m of the runway centre line of a precision approach runway category I, II or III where the code number is 3 or 4; or (c) within 45 m of the runway centre line of a precision approach runway category I where the code number is 1 or 2. (8) No mobile object shall be permitted on this part of the runway strip during the use of the runway for landing or take-off. (9) That portion of a strip of an instrument runway within a distance of at least: (a) m 75 m where the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) 40 where the code number is 1 or 2; from the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line shall provide a graded area for aeroplanes which the runway is intended to serve in the event of an aircraft running off the runway. (10) That portion of a strip of a non-instrument runway within a distance of at least: (a) 75 m where the code number is 3 or 4; (b) 40 m where the code number is 2; and (c) 30 m where the code number is 1; from the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line shall provide a graded area for aeroplanes which the runway is intended to serve in the event of an aircraft running off the runway. (11) The surface of that portion of a strip that abuts a runway, shoulder or stopway shall be flush with the surface of the runway, shoulder or stopway. 92 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Slopes on runway strips (12) That portion of a strip to at least 30 m before a threshold shall be prepared against blast erosion in order to protect a landing aircraft from the danger of an exposed edge. (13) Where the areas in sub-regulation (12) have paved surfaces, they shall be able to withstand the occasional passage of the critical aircraft for runway pavement design. - 112 Verify source ↗
(1) A longitudinal slope along that portion of a
AI-assisted research summary: A longitudinal slope on the portion of a strip being graded must not exceed an unstated limit.
112.-(1) A longitudinal slope along that portion of a strip to be graded shall not exceed: - 1 Verify source ↗
5 per cent where the code number is 4
AI-assisted research summary: A 1.5 per cent rate applies where the code number is 4.
1.5 per cent where the code number is 4; - 1 Verify source ↗
75 per cent where the code number is 3; and
AI-assisted research summary: This section sets runway and strip slope limits, plus minimum distances from the runway center line for certain instrument and non-instrument runway strips.
1.75 per cent where the code number is 3; and 2 per cent where the code number is 1 or 2. (a) (b) (c) (2) Slope changes on that portion of a strip to be graded shall be as gradual as practicable and abrupt changes or sudden reversals of slopes avoided. (3) Transverse slopes on that portion of a strip to be graded shall be adequate to prevent the accumulation of water on the surface but shall not exceed: (a) 2.5 per cent where the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) 3 per cent where the code number is 1 or 2, except for facilitating drainage the slope for the first 3 m outward from the runway, shoulder or stopway edge shall be negative as measured in the direction away from the runway and may be as great as 5 per cent. (4) The transverse slopes of any portion of a strip beyond that to be graded shall not exceed an upward slope of 5 per cent as measured in the direction away from the runway. (5) That portion of a strip of an instrument runway within a distance of at least: (a) 75 m where the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) 40 m where the code number is 1 or 2; from the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line shall be so prepared or constructed as to minimize hazards arising from differences in load-bearing capacity to aeroplanes which the runway is intended to serve in the event of an aircraft running off the runway. 93 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (6) That portion of a strip containing a non- instrument runway within a distance of at least: (a) 75 m where the code number is 3 or 4; (b) 40 m where the code number is 2; and (c) 30 m where the code number is 1, from the centre line of the runway and its extended centre line shall be so prepared or constructed as to minimize hazards arising from differences in load-bearing capacity to aeroplanes which the runway is intended to serve in the event of an aircraft running off the runway. Runway end safety area - 113 Verify source ↗
(1) A runway end safety area shall be provided
AI-assisted research summary: A runway end safety area must be provided and built to specified size and slope standards.
113.-(1) A runway end safety area shall be provided at each end of a runway strip where: (a) the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) the code number is 1 or 2 and the runway is an instrument one. (2) A runway end safety area shall be provided at each end of a runway strip where the code number is 1 or 2 and the runway is a non-instrument one. (3) A runway end safety area shall extend from the end of a runway strip to a distance of at least 90 m where: (a) the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) the code number is 1 or 2 and the runway is an instrument one. and, if an arresting system is installed, the above length may be reduced, based on the design specification of the system, subject to acceptance by the Authority. (5) The width of a runway end safety area shall be at least twice that of the associated runway. (6) The width of a runway end safety area shall, wherever practicable, be equal to that of the graded portion of the associated runway strip. (7) An object situated on a runway end safety area which may endanger aeroplanes shall be regarded as an obstacle and shall, as far as practicable, be removed. 94 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (8) A runway end safety area shall provide a cleared and graded area for aeroplanes which the runway is intended to serve in the event of an aircraft undershooting or overrunning the runway, (9) The slopes of a runway end safety area shall be such that no part of the runway end safety area penetrates the approach or take-off climb surface. (10) The longitudinal slopes of a runway end safety area shall not exceed a downward slope of 5 percent and longitudinal slope changes shall be as gradual as practicable with abrupt changes or sudden reversals of slopes avoided. (11) The transverse slopes of a runway end safety area shall not exceed an upward or downward slope of 5 per cent and transitions between differing slopes shall be as gradual as practicable. (12) A runway end safety area shall be so prepared or constructed as to reduce the risk of damage to an aircraft undershooting or overrunning the runway, enhance aircraft deceleration and facilitate the movement of rescue and fire fighting vehicles. Clearways - 114 Verify source ↗
(1) The origin of a clearway shall where
AI-assisted research summary: Clearways must meet size and slope limits, remove dangerous objects, and this rule applies only to aerodromes in categories A and B.
114.-(1) The origin of a clearway shall where provided, be at the end of the take-off run available. (2) The length of a clearway shall not exceed half the length of the take-off run available. (3) A clearway shall extend laterally to a distance of at least 75 m on each side of the extended centre line of the runway. (4) The ground in a clearway shall not project above a plane having an upward slope of 1.25 per cent, the lower limit of this plane being a horizontal line which: (a) is perpendicular to the vertical plane containing the runway centre line; and (b) passes through a point located on the runway centre line at the end of the take-off run available. 95 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (5) Abrupt upward changes in slope shall be avoided when the slope on the ground in a clearway is relatively small or when the mean slope is upward and in such cases, that portion of the clearway within a distance of 22.5 m or half the runway width, whichever is greater, on each side of the extended centre line, the slopes, slope changes and the transition from runway to clearway shall conform with those of the runway with which the clearway is associated. (6) An object situated on a clearway which may endanger aeroplanes in the air shall be regarded as an obstacle and shall be removed. (7) This regulation shall apply only to aerodromes in categories A and B Stopways - 115 Verify source ↗
(1) Where established, a stopway shall have the
AI-assisted research summary: A stopway must match the associated runway’s width and meet runway slope and transition requirements, with stated exceptions. It must also be built or maintained to support an aborted take-off without damaging the aircraft, and a paved stopway must have surface friction at least as good as the associated runway.
115.-(1) Where established, a stopway shall have the same width as the runway with which it is associated. (2) Slopes and changes in slope on a stopway, and the transition from a runway to a stopway, shall comply with the requirements of regulations 90 to 96 for the runway with which the stopway is associated except that: (a) the limitation in regulation 91 of a 0.8 per cent slope for the first and last quarter of the length of a runway need not be applied to the stopway; and (b) at the junction of the stopway and runway and along the stopway the maximum rate of slope change may be 0.3 percent per 30 m (minimum radius of curvature of 10 000 m) for a runway where the code number is 3 or 4. (3) A stopway shall be prepared or constructed so as to be capable, in the event of an abandoned take-off, of supporting the aircraft which the stopway is intended to serve without inducing structural damage to the aircraft. (4) The surface of a paved stopway shall be so constructed or resurfaced as to provide surface friction characteristics at or above those of the associated runway. Radio altimeter operating area - 116 Verify source ↗
(1) A radio altimeter operating area shall be
AI-assisted research summary: A radio altimeter operating area must be created for a precision approach runway and must meet minimum size and slope requirements.
116.-(1) A radio altimeter operating area shall be established in the pre-threshold area of a precision approach runway. 96 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) A radio altimeter operating area shall extend before the threshold for a distance of at least 300 m. (3) A radio altimeter operating area shall extend laterally, on each side of the extended centre line of the runway, to a distance of 60 m, except that, when special circumstances so warrant, the distance may be reduced to no less than 30 m if an aeronautical study indicates that such reduction would not affect the safety of operations of aircraft. (4) Slope changes on a radio altimeter operating area, shall be avoided or kept to a minimum and where slope changes cannot be avoided, abrupt changes or sudden reversals of slopes shall be avoided and shall be as gradual as practicable and two the rate of change between consecutive slopes shall not exceed 2 percent per 30 m. Taxiways - 117 Verify source ↗
(1) Taxiways shall be provided to permit the
AI-assisted research summary: Taxiways must be provided for safe aircraft movement, with sufficient entrance and exit taxiways for runways, and taxiway design must meet minimum clearance distances.
117.-(1) Taxiways shall be provided to permit the safe and expeditious surface movement of aircraft. (2) Sufficient entrance and exit taxiways for a runway shall be provided to expedite the movement of aeroplanes to and from the runway and provision of rapid exit taxiways considered when traffic volumes are high. (3) The design of a taxiway shall be such that, when the cockpit of the aircraft for which the taxiway is intended remains over the taxiway centre line markings, the clearance distance between the outer main wheel of the aircraft and the edge of the taxiway shall be not less than that given by the following tabulation: 97 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Code letter Clearance A 1.5 m B 2.25 m C 3 m if the taxiway is intended to be used by aeroplanes with a wheel base less than 18 m; - 4 Verify source ↗
5 m if the taxiway is intended to
AI-assisted research summary: Taxiways must meet minimum wheel-to-edge clearance distances based on code letter, aircraft wheel base, and traffic density.
4.5 m if the taxiway is intended to be used by aeroplanes with a wheel base equal to or greater than 18 m. D 4.5 m E 4.5 m F 4.5 m Where the code letter is F and the traffic density is high, a wheel-to-edge clearance greater than 4.5 m may be provided to permit higher taxiing speeds. 98 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (4) For taxiways first put into service on or after 20 November 2008, the design of a taxiway shall be such that, when the cockpit of the aircraft for which the taxiway is intended remains over the taxiway centre line markings, the clearance distance between the outer main wheel of the aircraft and the edge of the taxiway shall be not less than that given by the following tabulation: Code letter Clearance A 1.5 m B 2.25 m C 3 m if the taxiway is intended to be used by aeroplanes with a wheel base less than 18 m; - 4 Verify source ↗
5 m if the taxiway is intended to
AI-assisted research summary: A taxiway must be 4.5 m wide when it is intended for use by aeroplanes with a wheel base of at least 18 m.
4.5 m if the taxiway is intended to be used by aeroplanes with a wheel base equal to or greater than 18 m. D 4.5 m E 4.5 m - 4 Verify source ↗
5 m
AI-assisted research summary: Taxiway widths, clearances, slopes, and curve design standards are set, and the operator must ensure the taxiway layout and fillets meet the listed safety dimensions.
4.5 m F Where the code letter is F and the traffic density is high, a wheel-to-edge clearance greater than 4.5 m may be provided to permit higher taxiing speeds. 99 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (5) A straight portion of a taxiway shall have a width of not less than that given by the following tabulation: Code letter Taxiway width A 7.5 m B 10.5 m C 15 m if the taxiway is intended to be used by aeroplanes with a wheel base less than 18 m; is taxiway 18 m intended to be used by aeroplanes with a wheel base equal to or greater than 18 m. the if D 18 m if the taxiway is intended to be used by aeroplanes with an outer main gear wheel span of less than 9 m; is 23 m intended to be used by aeroplanes with an outer main gear wheel span equal to or greater than 9 m. taxiway the if E 23 m F 25 m 100 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (6) An operator shall ensure that: (a) Changes in direction of taxiways shall be as few and small as possible; (b) The radii of the curves shall be compatible with the manoeuvring capability and normal taxiing speeds of the aircraft for which the taxiway is intended; (c) The design of the curve shall be such that, when the cockpit of the aircraft remains over the taxiway centre line markings, the clearance distance between the outer main wheels of the aircraft and the edge of the taxiway shall not be less than those specified in sub-regulation (3). (7) To facilitate the movement of aeroplanes, fillets shall be provided at junctions and intersections of taxiways with runways, aprons and other taxiways. The design of the fillets shall ensure that the minimum wheel clearances in sub-regulation (3) are maintained when specified junctions or through aeroplanes are manoeuvring intersections; and consideration shall be given to the aircraft datum length when designing fillets. the (8) The separation distance between the centre line of a taxiway and the centre line of a runway, the centre line of a parallel taxiway or an object shall not be less than the appropriate dimension specified in Table 2, except that it may be permissible to operate with lower separation distances at an existing aerodrome if an aeronautical study indicates that such lower separation distances would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes. (9) The longitudinal slope of a taxiway shall not exceed: (a) 1.5 per cent where the code letter is C, D, E or F; and (b) 3 per cent where the code letter is A or B. 101 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (10) Where slope changes on a taxiway cannot be avoided, the transition from one slope to another slope shall be accomplished by a curved surface with a rate of change not exceeding: (a) 1 per cent per 30 m (minimum radius of curvature of 3 000 m) where the code letter is C, D, E or F; and (b) 1 per cent per 25 m (minimum radius of curvature of 2 500 m) where the code letter is A or B. Code letter Instrument Table 2. Taxiway minimum separation distances Distance between taxiway centre line and runway centre line (metres) Non-instrument runways code number 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Taxiway centreline to taxiway centre line (metres) (1) A B C D E F (2) - 82
AI-assisted research summary: The text appears to be a numbered cross-reference string and does not state a clear rule.
82.5 87 - - - - (4) - - 168 176 - - (5) - - - 176 - 47
AI-assisted research summary: 47.5 52 - - - - (8) - - 93 101 - - (9) - - - 101
47.5 52 - - - - (8) - - 93 101 - - (9) - - - 101 - 97
AI-assisted research summary: This item gives a 97.5-metre distance for a taxiway centre line to an object, except for aircraft stand taxilane.
97.5 Taxiway, other than aircraft stand taxilane, centre line to object (metres) (11) - 50
AI-assisted research summary: If a taxiway slope change cannot be avoided, the design must allow the whole taxiway surface to be visible from specified points above it.
50.5 (11) Where a change in slope on a taxiway cannot be avoided, the change shall be such that, from any point: (a) 3 m above the taxiway, it will be possible to see the whole surface of the taxiway for a distance of at least 300 m from that point, where the code letter is C, D, E or F; (b) 2 m above the taxiway, it will be possible to see the whole surface of the taxiway for a distance of at least 200 m from that point, where the code letter is B; and (c) - 1 Verify source ↗
5 m above the taxiway, it will be possible to
AI-assisted research summary: Taxiway transverse slopes must be enough to stop water from collecting on the surface, and there is a stated maximum limit that is not fully shown here.
1.5 m above the taxiway, it will be possible to see the whole surface of the taxiway for a distance of at least 150 m from that point, where the code letter is A. 102 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (12) The transverse slopes of a taxiway shall be sufficient to prevent the accumulation of water on the surface of the taxiway but shall not exceed: - 1 Verify source ↗
5 per cent where the code letter is C, D, E or
AI-assisted research summary: Taxiways must be at least as strong as the runway they serve, and paved taxiway surfaces must provide suitable friction and avoid damaging irregularities.
1.5 per cent where the code letter is C, D, E or (a) F; and (b) 2 per cent where the code letter is A or B. (13) The strength of a taxiway shall be at least equal to that of the runway it serves, due consideration being given to the fact that a taxiway will be subjected to a greater density of traffic and, as a result of slow moving and stationary aeroplanes, to higher stresses than the runway it serves. (14) The surface of a taxiway shall not have irregularities that cause damage to aeroplane Structures (15) The surface of a paved taxiway shall be so constructed or resurfaced as to provide suitable surface friction characteristics. - 118 Verify source ↗
(1) A rapid exit taxiway shall be designed with a
AI-assisted research summary: Rapid exit taxiways must be designed with specified radii, speeds, straight length, and intersection angle limits.
118.-(1) A rapid exit taxiway shall be designed with a radius of turn-off curve of at least: (a) 550 m where the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) 275 m where the code number is 1 or 2; to enable exit speeds under wet conditions of: (a) 93 km/h where the code number is 3 or 4; and (b) 65 km/h where the code number is 1 or 2. (2) The radius of the fillet on the inside of the curve at a rapid exit taxiway shall be sufficient to provide a widened taxiway throat in order to facilitate early recognition of the entrance and turn-off onto the taxiway. (3) A rapid exit taxiway shall include a straight distance after the turn-off curve sufficient for an exiting aircraft to come to a full stop clear of any intersecting taxiway. (4) The intersection angle of a rapid exit taxiway with the runway shall not be greater than 45° nor less than 25° and preferably shall be 30°. Rapid exit taxiways 103 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Taxiways on bridges of supporting aeroplanes, - 119 Verify source ↗
(1) The width of that portion of a taxiway bridge
AI-assisted research summary: Taxiway bridges must be wide enough, provide emergency access, and be built on straight sections with straight ends.
119.-(1) The width of that portion of a taxiway bridge capable as measured perpendicularly to the taxiway centre line, shall not be less than the width of the graded area of the strip provided for that taxiway, unless a proven method of lateral restraint is provided which shall not be hazardous for aeroplanes for which the taxiway is intended. (2) Access shall be provided to allow rescue and fire fighting vehicles to intervene in both directions within the specified response time to the largest aeroplane for which the taxiway bridge is intended. (3) A bridge shall be constructed on a straight section of the taxiway with a straight section on both ends of the bridge to facilitate the alignment of aeroplanes approaching the bridge. Taxiway shoulders - 120 Verify source ↗
(1) Straight portions of a taxiway where the code
AI-assisted research summary: Taxiway shoulders must be provided on straight portions for code letters C to F, with minimum total widths set by code letter, and shoulders on certain curves or junctions must be at least as wide as adjacent straight portions.
120.-(1) Straight portions of a taxiway where the code letter is C, D, E or F shall be provided with shoulders which extend symmetrically on each side of the taxiway so that the overall width of the taxiway and its shoulders on straight portions is not less than: (a) 60 m where the code letter is F; (b) 44 m where the code letter is E; (c) 38 m where the code letter is D; and (d) 25 m where the code letter is C. (2) taxiway curves and on On junctions or intersections where increased pavement is provided, the shoulder width shall be not less than that on the adjacent straight portions of the taxiway. (3) When a taxiway is intended to be used by turbine- engined aeroplanes, the surface of the taxiway shoulder shall be so prepared as to resist erosion and the ingestion of the surface material by aircraft engines. Taxiway strips - 121 Verify source ↗
(1) A taxiway, other than an aircraft stand
AI-assisted research summary: Taxiway strips must be included for taxiways (except aircraft stand taxilanes) and kept clear of dangerous objects, with specified size and slope limits.
121.-(1) A taxiway, other than an aircraft stand taxilane, shall be included in a strip. 104 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) A taxiway strip shall extend symmetrically on each side of the centre line of the taxiway throughout the length of the taxiway to at least the distance from the centre line given in Table 2, column 11. (3) An operator shall ensure that the taxiway strip is clear of objects which may endanger taxiing aircraft taking into consideration the location and design of drains, including suitably designed drain covers, to prevent damage to an aircraft accidentally running off a taxiway. (4) The centre portion of a taxiway strip shall provide a graded area to a distance from the centre line of the taxiway of at least: (a) 11 m where the code letter is A; (b) 12.5 m where the code letter is B or C; (c) 19 m where the code letter is D; (d) 22 m where the code letter is E; and (e) 30 m where the code letter is F. (5) The surface of the strip shall be flush at the edge of the taxiway or shoulder, if provided, and the graded portion shall not have an upward transverse slope exceeding: (a) 2.5 per cent for strips where the code letter is C, D, E or F; and (b) 3 per cent for strips of taxiways where the code letter is A or B; the upward slope being measured with reference to the transverse slope of the adjacent taxiway surface and not the horizontal. The downward transverse slope shall not exceed 5 per cent measured with reference to the horizontal. (6) The transverse slopes on any portion of a taxiway strip beyond that to be graded shall not exceed an upward or downward slope of 5 per cent as measured in the direction away from the taxiway. Holding bays, - 122 Verify source ↗
(1) Holding bay(s) shall be provided at
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodromes with medium or heavy traffic density must provide holding bays, and specific runway, intermediate, and road holding positions must be established and kept at specified distances and elevations.
122.-(1) Holding bay(s) shall be provided at aerodromes where the traffic density is medium or heavy. 105 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) runway holding positions, intermedi ate holding positions and road holding positions (2) A runway-holding position or positions shall be established: (a) on the taxiway, at the intersection of a taxiway and a runway; and (b) at an intersection of a runway with another runway when the former runway is part of a standard taxi- route. (3) A runway-holding position shall be established on a taxiway if the location or alignment of the taxiway is such that a taxiing aircraft or vehicle can infringe an obstacle limitation surface or interfere with the operation of radio navigation aids. (4) An intermediate holding position shall be established on a taxiway at any point other than a runway- holding position where it is desirable to define a specific holding limit. (5) A road-holding position shall be established at an intersection of a road with a runway. (6) The distance between a holding bay, runway- holding position established at a runway intersection or road-holding position and the centre line of a runway shall be in accordance with Table 3 and, in the case of a precision approach runway, such that a holding aircraft or vehicle will not interfere with the operation of radio navigation aids. taxiway or (7) At elevations greater than 700 m (2300 ft) the distance of 90 m specified in Table 3 for a precision approach runway code number 4 shall be increased as follows: (a) up to an elevation of 2000 m (6600 ft); 1 m for every 100 m (330 ft) in excess of 700 m (2300 ft); (b) elevation in excess of 2 000 m (6600 ft) and up to 4000 m (13320 ft); 13 m plus 1.5 m for every 100 m (330 ft) in excess of 2000 m (6 600 ft); and (c) elevation in excess of 4000 m (13320 ft) and up to 5000 m (16 650 ft); 43 m plus 2 m for every 100 m (330 ft) in excess of 4000 m (13320 ft). 106 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (8) If a holding bay, runway-holding position or road- holding position for a precision approach runway code number 4 is at a greater elevation compared to the threshold, the distance of 90 m or 107.5 m, as appropriate, specified in Table 3 shall be further increased 5 m for every metre the bay or position is higher than the threshold. (9) The location of a runway-holding position established in accordance with sub-regulation (3) shall be such that a holding aircraft or vehicle will not infringe the obstacle free zone, approach surface, take-off climb surface or ILS/MLS critical or sensitive area or interfere with the operation of radio navigation aids. Table 3. Minimum distance from the runway centre line to a holding bay, runway-holding position or road- holding position Code Number 1 30 m 40 m 60 m 2 40 m 40 m 60 m 3 75 m 75 m 90 m 4 75 m 75 m 90 m - - 90 m 90 m Type of Runway Non-instrument Non-precision approach Precision approach category I Precision approach category II and III Take-off runway 30 m 40 m 75 m 75 m 107 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Aprons (a) if a holding bay, runway-holding position or road- holding position is at a lower elevation compared to the threshold, the distance of 90 m in columns 3 and 4 may be decreased 5 m for every metre the bay or holding position is lower than the threshold, contingent upon not infringing the inner transitional surface; (b) the distance of 60 m and 90 m in columns 1, 2, 3 and 4 may need to be increased to avoid interference with radio navigation aids, particularly the glide path and localizer facilities; and (c) where the code letter is F, the distance of 90 m in column 4 shall be 107.5 m. - 123 Verify source ↗
(1) Aprons shall be provided where necessary to
AI-assisted research summary: Aprons and aircraft stands must meet specified space, slope, drainage, strength, and clearance requirements.
123.-(1) Aprons shall be provided where necessary to permit the on- and off-loading of passengers, cargo or mail as well as the servicing of aircraft without interfering with the aerodrome traffic. (2) Where an apron is provided, the total apron area shall be adequate to permit expeditious handling of the aerodrome traffic at its maximum anticipated density. (3) Each part of an apron shall be capable of withstanding the traffic of the aircraft it is intended to serve, due consideration being given to the fact that some portions of the apron will be subjected to a higher density of traffic and, as a result of slow moving or stationary aircraft, to higher stresses than a runway. (4) Slopes on an apron, including those on an aircraft stand taxilane, shall be sufficient to prevent accumulation of water on the surface of the apron but shall be kept as level as drainage requirements permit. (5) On an aircraft stand, where applicable, the maximum slope shall not exceed 1 per cent. 108 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (6) An aircraft stand shall provide the following minimum clearances between an aircraft using the stand and any adjacent building, aircraft on another stand and other objects: Code letter Clearance A 3 m B 3 m C 4.5 m D 7.5 m E 7.5 m F 7.5 m (a) When special circumstances so warrant, these clearances may be reduced at a nose-in aircraft stand, where the code letter is D, E or F: (i) between the terminal, including any fixed passenger bridge, and the nose of an aircraft; and (ii) over any portion of the stand provided with azimuth guidance by a visual docking guidance system. (b) On aprons, consideration shall also be given to the provision of service roads and to manoeuvering and storage area for ground equipment Isolated aircraft parking position - 124 Verify source ↗
(1) An isolated aircraft parking position shall be
AI-assisted research summary: For aerodromes in categories A and B, an isolated aircraft parking position must be designated or the control tower told about a suitable isolation area for an aircraft suspected of unlawful interference or needing isolation.
124.-(1) An isolated aircraft parking position shall be designated or the aerodrome control tower shall be advised of an area or areas suitable for the parking of an aircraft which is known or believed to be the subject of unlawful interference, or which for other reasons needs isolation from normal aerodrome activities. (2) The isolated aircraft parking position shall be located at the maximum distance practicable and in any case not less than 100 m from other parking positions, buildings or public areas, among others. 109 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Applicat ion of this Part Erection of obstacle s (3) In establishing an isolated aircraft parking, care shall be taken to ensure that the position is not located over underground utilities such as gas and aviation fuel and, to the extent feasible, electrical or communication cables. (4) This regulation shall only apply to aerodromes in categories A and B. PART XI OBSTACLE RESTRICTIONS AND REMOVAL
Part
PART XI
- 150 Verify source ↗
Section 150
AI-assisted research summary: This section is a contents-style listing for obstacle limitation requirements and aeronautical ground lighting under the aerodromes regulation.
150. limitation requirements for non-instrument Application of this Part Erection of obstacles Establishment of obstacle limitation surfaces Obstacle limitation surfaces Conical surfaces Inner horizontal surfaces Approach surface Inner approach surface Transitional surface Inner transitional surface Balked landing surface Take-off climb surface Obstacle runways Obstacle approach runways Obstacle limitation requirements for precision approach runways Obstacle limitation requirements for runways meant for take-off Construction above, beyond or outside the Obstacle Limitation Surface Other objects Authorisation to construct within the vicinity of an aerodrome Removal of obstacle Marking and lighting of obstacle. for non-precision requirements limitation PART XII AERONAUTICAL GROUND LIGHTING Application of this Part Establishment and maintenance of aeronautical ground lights 6 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 125 Verify source ↗
This Part applies to all categories of aerodromes
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to all aerodromes, and the Authority prescribes specific obstacle restriction and removal standards for category D aerodromes.
125. This Part applies to all categories of aerodromes. Specific standards for obstacle restrictions and removal for category D aerodromes shall be as prescribed by the Authority. - 126 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall not cause or permit the
AI-assisted research summary: A person must not create or allow obstacles near an aerodrome, or let objects penetrate the obstacle limitation surface without the Authority’s written permission.
126.-(1) A person shall not cause or permit the erection or growth of an obstacle at or in the vicinity of an aerodrome, where the obstacle may prevent an aircraft operation from being conducted safely or the aerodrome from being usable. (2) A person shall not cause or permit any object, to penetrate the obstacle limitation surface, without the written permission of the Authority, where the object may cause an increase in an obstacle clearance altitude or in the height for an instrument approach procedure or of any associated visual circling procedure. (3) The object referred to in sub-regulation (2) includes a new object or an extension of an existing object above the obstacle limitation surface. (4) The obstacle clearance altitude and height applicable to obstacle limitation surface, and the obstacle limitation requirements shall comply with these regulations. Establis hment of obstacl - 127 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall ensure
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodrome operators must establish and monitor obstacle limitation surfaces, report penetrations immediately to the Authority, notify through Aeronautical Information Services, and work with the Authority on height limits and permitted operations.
127.-(1) An operator shall ensure that obstacle limitation surfaces are established for the aerodrome in accordance with the standards prescribed in these Regulations and as provided in the Fourteenth Schedule. 110 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) e limitati on surface s (2) An operator shall monitor the established obstacle limitation surfaces around the aerodrome for infringement by objects, buildings or other structures. (3) An aerodrome operator shall establish a systematic means of surveying and monitoring any object that penetrates obstacle limitation surfaces around the aerodrome and report any penetration immediately to the Authority. (4) An aerodrome operator shall notify through the Aeronautical Information Services any object that penetrates obstacle limitation surfaces around the aerodrome. (5) The operator of an aerodrome shall work jointly with the Authority to plan and determine the allowable height limits for new developments in the vicinity of and outside its aerodrome and the type of instrument or visual flight operations that may be permitted taking the obstacle survey plan into account. Obstacle limitatio n surfaces - 128 Verify source ↗
The obstacle limitation surfaces shall comprise
AI-assisted research summary: The obstacle limitation surfaces include the listed surfaces.
128. The obstacle limitation surfaces shall comprise the following surfaces as indicated Fourteenth schedule of these regulations: (a) Conical surface (b) Inner horizontal surface (c) Approach surface (d) Inner approach surface (e) Transitional surface (f) Inner transitional surface (g) Balked landing surface Conical surface - 129 Verify source ↗
(1) A conical surface shall be a surface sloping
AI-assisted research summary: This section defines a conical surface and explains its limits and how its slope is measured.
129.-(1) A conical surface shall be a surface sloping upwards and outwards from the periphery of the inner horizontal surface. (2) The limits of the conical surface shall comprise the following characteristics: (a) a lower edge coincident with the periphery of the inner horizontal surface; and (b) an upper edge located at a specified height above the inner horizontal surface. 111 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (3) The slope of the conical surface shall be measured in a vertical plane perpendicular to the periphery of the inner horizontal surface. Inner horizont al surface - 130 Verify source ↗
(1) the Inner horizontal surface shall be a surface
AI-assisted research summary: The inner horizontal surface is defined as a surface in a horizontal plane above an aerodrome and its environs.
130.-(1) the Inner horizontal surface shall be a surface located in a horizontal plane above an aerodrome and its environs. (2) The radius or outer limits of the inner horizontal surface shall be measured from a reference point or points established for such purpose. (3) The height of the inner horizontal surface shall be measured above an elevation datum established for such purpose. Approac h surface - 131 Verify source ↗
(1) An approach surface shall be an inclined
AI-assisted research summary: An approach surface must be an inclined plane or set of planes before the runway threshold.
131.-(1) An approach surface shall be an inclined plane or combination of planes preceding the threshold. (2) The limits of the approach surface shall comprise the following characteristics (a) an inner edge of specified length, horizontal and perpendicular to the extended centre line of the runway and located at a specified distance before the threshold; (b) two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge and diverging uniformly at a specified rate from the extended centre line of the runway; and (c) an outer edge parallel to the inner edge; (d) the above surfaces shall be varied when lateral offset, offset or curved approaches are utilized, specifically, two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge and diverging uniformly at a specified rate from the extended centre line of the lateral offset, offset or curved ground track. (3) The elevation of the inner edge shall be equal to the elevation of the mid-point of the threshold. (4) The slope(s) of the approach surface shall be measured in the vertical plane containing the centre line of the runway. 112 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Inner approac h surface - 132 Verify source ↗
(1) An
AI-assisted research summary: An inner approach surface is defined as a rectangular part of the approach surface immediately before the threshold.
132.-(1) An inner approach surface shall be a rectangular portion of the approach surface immediately preceding the threshold. (2) The limits of the inner approach surface shall comprise the following characteristics: (a) an inner edge coincident with the location of the inner edge of the approach surface but of its own specified length; (b) two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge the vertical plane and extending parallel containing the centre line of the runway; and to (c) an outer edge parallel to the inner edge. Transiti onal surface - 133 Verify source ↗
(1) The transitional surface shall be a complex
AI-assisted research summary: The provision defines the transitional surface for an aerodrome and sets its edges, elevation, shape, and measurement method.
133.-(1) The transitional surface shall be a complex surface along the side of the strip and part of the side of the approach surface, the slopes upwards and outwards to the inner horizontal surface. (2) The limits of the transitional surface shall comprise the following characteristics: (a) a lower edge beginning at the intersection of the side of the approach surface with the inner horizontal surface and extending down the side of the approach surface to the inner edge of the approach surface and from there along the length of the strip parallel to the runway centre line; and (b) an upper edge located in the plane in the inner horizontal surface. (3) The elevation of a point on the lower edge shall be: (a) along the side of the approach surface – equal to the elevation of the approach surface at that point; and (b) along the strip – equal to the elevation of the nearest point on the centre line of the runway or its extension. 113 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (4) Pursuant to sub-regulation (3) (b) the transitional surface along the strip shall be curved if the runway profile is curved, or a plane if the runway profile is a straight line; the inner intersection of horizontal surface shall also be a curved or a straight line depending on the runway profile. transitional surface with the the (5) The slope of the transitional surface shall be measured in a vertical plane at right angles to the centre line of the runway. Inner transitio nal surface - 134 Verify source ↗
(1) The inner transitional surface shall be the
AI-assisted research summary: The inner transitional surface is the obstacle limit surface near the runway, and it must not be penetrated except by frangible objects.
134.-(1) The inner transitional surface shall be the controlling obstacle limitation surface for navigation aids, aircraft, buildings and vehicles that must be near the runway and shall not to be penetrated except for frangible objects. (2) The inner transitional surface shall be a surface similar to the transitional surface but closer to the runway. (3) (3) The limits of an inner transitional surface shall comprise following characteristics: (a) (b) a lower edge beginning at the end of the inner approach surface and extending down the side of the inner approach surface to the inner edge of that surface, from there along the strip parallel to the runway centre line to the inner edge of the balked landing surface and from there up the side of the balked landing surface to the point where the side intersects the inner horizontal surface; and an upper edge located in the plane of the inner horizontal surface. (4) The elevation of a point on the lower edge shall be: (a) along the side of the inner approach surface and balked landing surface – equal to the elevation of the particular surface at that point; and (b) along the strip – equal to the elevation of the nearest point on the centre line of the runway or its extension. 114 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (5) Pursuant to sub-regulation (3) (b) the inner transitional surface along the strip shall be curved if the runway profile is curved or a plane if the runway profile is a straight line; the intersection of the inner transitional surface with the inner horizontal surface shall also be a curved or a straight line depending on the runway profile. (6) The slope of inner transitional surface shall be measured in a vertical plane at right angles to the centre line of the runway. Balked landing surface - 135 Verify source ↗
(1) The balked landing surface shall be an
AI-assisted research summary: The provision defines the balked landing surface and its geometric characteristics.
135.-(1) The balked landing surface shall be an inclined plane located at a specified distance after the threshold, extending between the inner transitional surfaces. (2) The limits of the balked landing surface shall comprise the following characteristics: (a) an inner edge horizontal and perpendicular to the centre line of the runway and location at a specified distance after the threshold; (b) two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge and diverging uniformly at a specified rate from the vertical plane containing the centre line of the runway; and (c) an outer edge parallel to the inner edge and located in the plane of the inner horizontal surface. (3) The elevation of the inner edge shall be equal to the elevation of the runway centre line at the location of the inner edge. (4) The slope of the balked landing surface shall be measured in the vertical plane containing the centre line of the runway. Take-off climb surface - 136 Verify source ↗
(1) The take-off climb surface shall be an
AI-assisted research summary: The provision defines the take-off climb surface for a runway or clearway.
136.-(1) The take-off climb surface shall be an inclined plane or other specified surface beyond the end of a runway or clearway. 115 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) The limits of the take-off climb surface shall comprise the following characteristics: (a) an inner edge horizontal and perpendicular to the centre line of the runway and located either at a specified distance beyond the end of the runway or at the end of the clearway when such is provided and its length exceeds the specified distance; (b) two sides originating at the ends of the inner edge, diverging uniformly at a specified rate from the take-off track to a specified final width and continuing the remainder of the length of the take-off climb surface; and thereafter at that width for (c) an outer edge horizontal and perpendicular to the specified take-off track. (3) The elevation of the inner edge shall be equal to the highest point on the runway centre line between the end of the runway and the inner edge, except that when a clearway is provided the elevation shall be equal to the highest point on the ground on the centre line of the clearway. (4) In the case of a straight take-off flight path, the slope of the take-off climb surface shall be measured in the vertical plane containing the centre line of the runway. (5) In the case of a take-off flight path involving a turn, the take-off climb surface shall be a complex surface containing the horizontal normal to its centre line, and the slope of the centre line shall be the same as that for a straight take-off flight path. Obstacle limitatio n require ments for non- instrume nt runways - 137 Verify source ↗
(1) The requirements for obstacle limitation
AI-assisted research summary: Obstacle limitation surfaces for runways must follow the stated basis and dimensions, and new objects are generally not allowed above certain surfaces unless shielding or safety conditions are met.
137.-(1) The requirements for obstacle limitation surfaces shall be specified on the basis of the intended use of a runway, that is, take-off or landing and type of approach, and shall be applied when such use is made of the runway and in cases where operations are conducted to or from both directions of a runway, then the function of certain surfaces may be nullified due to more stringent requirements of another lower surface. 116 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) The following obstacle limitation surfaces shall be established for a non- instrument runway. (a) conical surface; (b) inner horizontal surface; (c) approach surface; and (d) transitional surfaces (3) The heights and slopes of the surfaces shall not be greater than, and their other dimensions not less than, those specified in Table 4-1 (4) New objects or extensions of existing objects shall not be permitted above an approach or transitional surface except when the new object or extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object. (5)The circumstances under which the shielding principle may reasonably be applied are described in the Sixth Schedule to these Regulations. (6) New objects or extensions of existing objects shall not be permitted above the conical surface or inner horizontal surface except when the object would be shielded by an existing immovable object, or after aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety of aeroplane operations 117 Precision approach Category I Code number II or III Code number 3,4 (11) The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Table 4-1 – Dimensions and slopes of obstacle limitation surfaces APPROACH RUNWAYS RUNWAY CLASSIFICATION Non-instrument Surfaces and Dimensionsa Code number Non-precision approach Code number (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 (5) 1,2 (6) 3 (7) 4 (8) 1,2 (9) 3,4 (10) CONICAL Slope Height INNER HORIZONTAL Height Radius 5% 5% 35 m 55 m 75 m 5% 45 m 45 m 45 m 4000 2 m 000 m 2 500 m 5% 100m 60 m 5% 45 m 4000 m 45 m 3500 M 5% 75 m 45 m 4000 m INNER APPROACH Width - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5% 100m 60 m 5% 5% 100m 100 m 5% 45 m 4000 m - - - - 45 m 3500 m 90 m 60 m 45 m 4000 M 120 me 60 m 900 900 m M
Part
PART XII
- 152 Verify source ↗
Section 152
AI-assisted research summary: This section is titled “Primary and Secondary power supplies Aeronautical beacons” under “Visual Aids for Navigation.”
152. Primary and Secondary power supplies Aeronautical beacons PART XIII VISUAL AIDS FOR NAVIGATION - 146 Verify source ↗
This Part applies to aerodromes in categories A
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to aerodromes in category A, and to aerodromes of any category when used at night or in low visibility.
146. This Part applies to aerodromes in categories A and for all categories where an aerodrome is used at night or during conditions of low visibility. 126 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Establish ment and maintenan ce of aeronautic al ground lights - 147 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall establish and maintain
AI-assisted research summary: Operators must install and maintain appropriate aerodrome lighting, and people may not interfere with or damage aeronautical ground lights. Some lighting changes need permission from the Authority.
147.-(1) An operator shall establish and maintain aeronautical ground lights and any other lights as may be appropriate for the safe operation of aircraft and for runways, taxiways, aprons, thresholds and stopways. (2) Where an aerodrome is used at night or during conditions of poor visibility, an operator shall ensure that aeronautical ground lights and any other lights are installed on the aerodrome. (3) Without prejudice to the generality of sub- regulation (1), the location, characteristics, intensity control and settings of aeronautical ground lights shall be in accordance with these regulations. (4) A non-aeronautical ground light, which, by reason of its intensity, configuration or colour, may prevent or cause confusion in the clear interpretation of aeronautical ground lights, shall be extinguished, screened or modified to eliminate hazard to aircraft safety. (a) an aeronautical beacon within (5) Except with the permission of the Authority, a person shall not establish, maintain or alter the character of – the United Republic of Tanzania except an aeronautical beacon which is or may be visible from the waters; (b) any aeronautical ground light, other than an aeronautical beacon, at an aerodrome, or any aeronautical ground light which forms part of the lighting system for use by aircraft taking off from or landing at the aerodrome. intentionally or negligently damage (6) A person shall not – (a) aeronautical ground light; or (b) interfere with an aeronautical ground light an without the permission of the operator. (7) The Authority shall not grant permission under this regulation except with the consent of the lighthouse authority of the area where the aerodrome is situated. 127 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Primary and Secondary power supplies - 148 Verify source ↗
An operator shall not operate or maintain an
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must not operate or maintain a runway-lighting aerodrome unless it has both primary and secondary power supply appropriate to the aerodrome’s installations, operations, and equipment demand.
148. An operator shall not operate or maintain an aerodrome provided with runway lighting, without a primary and secondary power supply commensurate with the level of installations, operation and demand of equipment and services at an aerodrome. the facilities, Aeronauti cal beacons - 149 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall provide, where necessary,
AI-assisted research summary: Operators must provide aerodrome beacons where needed for aerodromes used at night, and identification beacons must be provided at night aerodromes that are not easily seen from the air.
149.-(1) An operator shall provide, where necessary, at each aerodrome intended for use at night, an aerodrome beacon, where – (a) aircraft navigate predominantly by visual means; (b) reduced visibility is frequent; or (c) it is difficult to locate the aerodrome from the air due to a surrounding light or terrain. (2) An identification beacon shall be provided at an aerodrome, which is intended for use at night and which is not easily identifiable from the air by other means. (3) The location and characteristics of an aerodrome and identification beacon described in sub-regulations (1) and (2) shall be in accordance with these regulations. PART XIII VISUAL AIDS FOR NAVIGATION Applicatio n of Part this Provision of visual aids for navigation to all categories of
Part
PART XIII
- 185 Verify source ↗
Section 185
AI-assisted research summary: This section lists visual aids for navigation at aerodromes, including markings, signs, lamps, and lights.
185. Application of this Part Provision of visual aids for navigation Wind direction indicators Landing direction indicator Signalling lamp Signal panel and signalling area Markings Runway designation marking Runway centreline marking Threshold marking Aiming point marking Touchdown zone marking Runway side stripe marking Taxiway centreline marking Runway turn pad marking Runway-holding position marking and signs Intermediate holding position marking VOR aerodrome checkpoint marking and signs Aircraft stand marking and identification signs Apron safety lines Road-holding position marking and signs Mandatory instruction markings and signs Information marking and signs Lights which may endanger safety of aircraft Laser emission which may endanger the safety of aircraft Lights which may cause confusion Elevated approach lights Elevated lights Surface lights Light intensity and control Emergency lighting Aeronautical beacons Aerodrome beacons 7 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 223 Verify source ↗
Section 223
AI-assisted research summary: This section lists aerodrome lighting and signage items, including approach, runway, taxiway, docking, and identification systems.
223. Identification beacon Simple approach lighting systems Precision approach category I lighting systems Precision approach category II and III lighting systems Visual approach slope indicator systems Approach slope and elevation setting of light beams PAPI and APAPI Approach slope and elevation setting of light units Obstacle protection, AVASIS, T-VASIS,PAPI and APAPI Circling guidance lights Runway lead-in lighting systems Runway threshold identification lights Runway edge lights Runway threshold and wing bar lights Runway end lights Runway centre line lights Runway touchdown zone lights Simple touchdown zone lights Rapid exit taxiway indicator lights Stopway lights Taxiway centre line lights Taxiway centre line lights on taxiways Taxiway centre line lights on other exit taxiways Taxiway centre line lights on runways Taxiway edge lights Runway turn pad lights Stop bars Intermediate holding position lights Runway guard lights Apron floodlighting Visual docking guidance system Azimuth guidance unit Stopping position indicator Advanced Visual Docking Guidance System Aircraft Stand manoeuvring guidance lights Road holding position lights No entry bar Aerodrome Identification sign 8 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 243 Verify source ↗
Section 243
AI-assisted research summary: This section is a list of runway, taxiway, and obstacle-related marking and lighting topics.
243. Unpaved runways edge Markers Stop way edge markers Taxiway edge markers Taxiway centreline markers Unpaved taxiway edge markers Boundary markers PART XIV VISUAL AIDS FOR DENOTING OBSTACLES Provision of visual aids for denoting obstacles Marking and lighting of objects within the lateral boundaries of obstacle limitation surfaces Marking and lighting of objects outside the lateral boundaries of obstacle limitation surfaces Intensity and colour of obstacle lights Marking and lighting of mobile objects Marking of fixed objects Lighting of fixed objects Lighting of objects with heights less than 45m above ground level Lighting of objects with a height 45m or more to a height less than 150 m above ground level Lighting of objects with a height 150 m or more above ground level Marking of wind turbines Lighting of wind turbines Marking of overhead wires, cables, etc., and supporting towers Lighting of overhead wires, cables, etc., and supporting towers PART XV VISUAL AIDS FOR DENOTING RESTRICTED USE AREAS - 150 Verify source ↗
This Part applies
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to aerodromes, and the Authority prescribes specific standards for visual aids navigation at category D aerodromes.
150. This Part applies aerodromes.. Specific standards for for visual aids navigation for category D aerodromes shall be as prescribed by the Authority. - 151 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome operator shall comply with
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must follow the prescribed rules for visual aids such as lights, markings, markers, and signs.
151.-(1) An aerodrome operator shall comply with the requirements for provision of visuals aids including lights, markings, markers and signs as prescribed by the Authority and Seventh Schedule of these Regulations. (2) The aerodrome operator plan for lighting, signs and markings shall meet national requirements for individual elements (3) In complementary with sub-regulation (2), the operator’s plan for lighting, signs and markings shall be integrated as a whole into the aerodrome’s runway incursion and collision avoidance strategy taking into account of 128 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Wind direction indicators Landing direction indicator different traffic intensities and visibility conditions - 152 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall provide and maintain at
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must provide and maintain at least one wind direction indicator at an aerodrome.
152.-(1) An operator shall provide and maintain at least one wind direction indicator for an aerodrome. (2) The wind direction indicator required under sub- regulation (1) shall be located so as to be visible to an aircraft in-flight or on the movement area and in such a way as to be free from the effects of air disturbances caused by nearby objects. (3) The characteristics of the wind direction indicator, the methods and procedures for installation and maintenance shall be in accordance with these Regulations. - 153 Verify source ↗
(1) Where provided a landing direction indicator
AI-assisted research summary: A landing direction indicator must be placed conspicuously on the aerodrome and shaped like a T.
153.-(1) Where provided a landing direction indicator shall be located in a conspicuous place on the aerodrome (2) The landing direction indicator shall be in the form of a “T”. (3) The shape and minimum dimensions of a landing “T” shall be as shown in the Figure bellow. The colour of the landing “T” shall be either white or orange, the choice being dependent on the colour that contrasts best with the background against which the indicator will be viewed. Where required for use at night, the landing “T” shall either be illuminated or outlined by white lights. Signalling lamp - 154 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall ensure that a signalling
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must provide a signalling lamp at a controlled aerodrome in the aerodrome control tower.
154.-(1) An operator shall ensure that a signalling lamp is provided at a controlled aerodrome in the aerodrome control tower. (2) The characteristics and operating procedure of a these in accordance with lamp shall be signalling Regulations. 129 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Signal panel and signalling area Markings - 155 Verify source ↗
(1) The Authority may where
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority may require a signalling panel and signalling area at an aerodrome when it considers it necessary, and may prescribe the characteristics of the signal area.
155.-(1) The Authority may where it deems necessary, require a signalling panel and a signalling area to be provided at an aerodrome for safe operation of aircraft. (2) Where provided, the characteristics of the signal area shall be as prescribed by the Authority. location and the - 156 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall provide markings for
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must provide specified runway markings at an aerodrome in line with the Regulations.
156.-(1) An operator shall provide markings for paved runway centreline, paved runway edge, paved runway threshold, paved runway touchdown zone, paved runway holding position, aiming point, paved runway side stripe, paved runway turn pad, and intermediate holding positions at an aerodrome, in accordance with these Regulations. (2) Runway marking shall be white in colour. (3) Taxiway markings, runway turn pad markings and aircraft stand markings shall be yellow in colour. (4) Apron safety-lines shall be of a conspicuous colour, which shall contrast with that used for aircraft stand markings. (5) At aerodromes where operations take place at night, pavement markings shall be made with reflective materials designed to enhance the visibility of the markings. (6) An unpaved taxiway shall be provided, so far as the markings prescribed for paved practicable, with taxiways. (7) The application, location and the characteristics of markers for unpaved runway edge markers, stopway edge markers, taxiway edge markers, taxiway centreline markers and boundary markers shall be in accordance with these Regulations. Runway designatio n marking - 157 Verify source ↗
(1) A runway designation marking shall be
AI-assisted research summary: Runway designation markings must be provided at runway thresholds, with special placement rules for paved and unpaved runways, and an optional sign may be used when the threshold is displaced.
157.-(1) A runway designation marking shall be provided at the thresholds of a paved runway and shall be as far as practicable, at the thresholds of an unpaved runway. (2) A runway designation marking shall be located at a threshold as shown in prescribed by the Authority in Ninth Schedule of these Regulations. 130 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (3) If the runway threshold is displaced from the extremity of the runway, a sign showing the designation of the runway may be provided for aeroplanes taking off. (4) A runway designation marking shall consist of a two-digit number and on parallel runways shall be supplemented with a letter provided that, on a single runway, dual parallel runways and triple parallel runways the two- digit number shall be the whole number nearest the one-tenth of the magnetic North when viewed from the direction of approach.. (5) On four or more parallel runways, one set of adjacent runways shall be numbered to the nearest one-tenth magnetic azimuth and the other set of adjacent runways numbered to the next nearest one-tenth of the magnetic azimuth provided that, when the above rule would give a single digit number, it shall be preceded by a zero. (6) In the case of parallel runways, each runway designation number shall be supplemented by a letter as follows, in the order shown from left to right when viewed from the direction of approach: (a) for two parallel runways: “L” “R”; (b) for three parallel runways: “L” “C” “R”; (c) for four parallel runways: “L” “R” “L” “R”; (d) for five parallel runways: “L” “C” “R” “L” “R” or “L” “R” “L” “C” “R”; and (e) for six parallel runways: “L” “C” “R” “L” “C” “R”. (7) The numbers and letters shall be in the form and proportion shown in Figure 5-3. The dimensions shall be not less than those shown in Figure 5-3, but where the numbers are incorporated in the threshold marking, larger dimensions shall be used in order to fill adequately the gap between the stripes of the threshold marking. Runway centreline marking
Part
PART XV
- 246 Verify source ↗
Section 246
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to marking restricted use areas, including marking and lighting closed runways and taxiways.
246. Application of this Part Marking of restricted use areas Marking and lighting of closed runways and taxiways, or 9 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 249 Verify source ↗
Section 249
AI-assisted research summary: This section heading refers to marking non-load bearing surfaces, pre-threshold areas, and unserviceable areas.
249. parts thereof Marking of non-load bearing surfaces Marking of pre-threshold areas Marking and lighting of unserviceable areas PART XVI AERODROME OPERATIONAL SERVICES, EQUIPMENT, INSTALLATIONS AND FACILITIES
Part
PART XVI
- 275 Verify source ↗
Section 275
AI-assisted research summary: This section lists the subjects covered by this Part, mainly aerodrome and airport emergency, rescue, firefighting, and operations matters.
275. Application of this Part Immigration, customs and excise aerodromes Supply of aviation fuel to aircraft Aerodrome emergency planning Emergency planning committee Emergency Operation Centre and Command Post Aerodrome emergency exercise Emergencies in difficult environment Establishment of Aerodrome rescue and firefighting services Determination of aerodrome rescue and firefighting category Level of protection for rescue and firefighting services Provision of reserve supplies of water and foam for firefighting services Provision of rescue equipment Response time for rescue and firefighting services Establishment of emergency access roads Rescue and firefighting services stations Provision of communication and alerting system for rescue and firefighting services Minimum number of rescue and fire fighting vehicles Requirements for rescue and firefighting personnel Removal of disabled aircraft Apron management service Ground servicing of aircraft Aerodrome vehicle operation Surface movement guidance and control systems Siting of equipment and installations on operational areas Location, construction and installation of equipment on 10 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 293 Verify source ↗
Section 293
AI-assisted research summary: This section lists aerodrome operational areas and the subjects covered by later parts on aerodrome maintenance, electrical systems, and reporting.
293. operational areas Fencing of aerodromes, ground installations and facilities Lighting of Security fences and barriers Maintenance of safety inspection programme Maintenance of fire prevention programme Access of ground vehicles to aerodrome movement area Operation of Aircraft exceeding certified characteristics of an aerodrome PART XVII AERODROME MAINTENANCE Application of this Part Maintenance programme Maintenance of movement and adjacent areas Removal of contaminants Runway pavement overlays Preventive maintenance of visual aids Construction or maintenance activity during low visibility operations Works at aerodromes PART XVIII ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Application of this Part Electrical power supply systems for air navigation services and facilities Electrical system design and operations Monitoring of electrical systems PART XIX INFORMATION TO BE REPORTED TO AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION SERVICES
Part
PART XIX
- 296 Verify source ↗
Section 296
AI-assisted research summary: This section appears to be a heading about the application of Part and availability of information for occurrences of operational significance, excluding those involving electronic aids.
296. Application of this Part Availability of Information Action required for occurrences of operational significance other than those involving electronic aids and 11 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) - 318 Verify source ↗
Section 318
AI-assisted research summary: Section 318 is titled “communication facilities” and refers to action required when occurrences affect electronic aids and communication facilities.
318. communication facilities Action required for occurrences that affect electronic aids and communication facilities Aeronautical data reporting PART XX EXEMPTIONS Application of this Part Application for exemption Initial review by the Authority Evaluation of application for exemption PART XXI GENERAL PROVISIONS Application of this Part Change of name of a licence or certificate holder Change of address of a licence or certificate holder Use and retention of licences, certificates and records Replacement of documents Aeronautical user charges Conditions for operating an aerodrome Lighting of en-route obstacles Land use in the vicinity of an aerodrome Aeronautical studies and risk assessment Deviations from standards Safety inspections and audits Obligation to insure an aerodrome Certification, Licensing and Registration of Aerodromes. Standards for Aerodromes in Category D Manuals Standards PART XXII OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
Part
PART XXII
- 320 Verify source ↗
Section 320
AI-assisted research summary: This section is titled “Contravention of Regulations Offences and Penalties.”
320. Contravention of Regulations Offences and Penalties 12 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) PART XXIII SAVINGS AND TRANSITION
Part
PART XXIII
- 322 Verify source ↗
Section 322
AI-assisted research summary: This text is a heading/citation fragment for the Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulations, 2017 and does not state a rule in the provided excerpt.
322. Savings and Transition Revocation ______ SCHEDULES _______ THE CIVIL AVIATION ACT (CAP. 80) _______ REGULATIONS _______ (Made under section 4) _______ THE CIVIL AVIATION (AERODROMES) REGULATIONS, 2017 13 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) PART I PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS Citation
Part
PART I
- 1 Verify source ↗
These Regulations may be cited as the Civil
AI-assisted research summary: These Regulations may be cited as the Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulations, 2017.
1. These Regulations may be cited as the Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulations, 2017 Interpretat ion In these Regulations unless the context otherwise - 2 Verify source ↗
Section 2
AI-assisted research summary: This section defines key aviation terms used in the regulations.
2. requires- “accident” means an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which, in the case of a manned aircraft, takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, or in the case of an unmanned aircraft, takes place between the time the aircraft is ready to move with the purpose of flight until such time as it comes to rest at the end of the flight and the primary propulsion system is shut down, in which: (a) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of: (i) (ii) (iii) being in the aircraft; direct contact with any part of the aircraft, including parts which have become detached from the aircraft; direct exposure to jet blast, except when the injuries are from natural causes, self-inflicted or inflicted by other persons, or when to stowaways hiding outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew; or (b) the aircraft sustains damage or structural injuries are the failure which: 14 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (i) (ii) or affects the adversely strength, structural performance flight characteristics of the aircraft; and would require normally major repair or replacement of the affected component, except for engine failure or damage, when the damage is limited to a single engine including its cowlings or accessories, to propellers, wing tips, antennas, probes, vanes, tires, brakes, wheels, fairings, panels, landing gear doors, windscreens, the aircraft skin such as small dents or puncture holes, or for minor damages to main rotor blades, tail rotor blades, landing gear, and those resulting from hail or bird strike including holes in the radome; or (c) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible. For statistical uniformity only, an injury resulting in death within thirty days of the date of the accident is classified as a fatal injury and an aircraft is considered to be missing when the official search has been terminated and the wreckage has not been located Cap 80 “accuracy “means a degree of conformance between the estimated or measured value and the true value; “Act” means the Tanzania Civil Aviation Act; “aerodrome” means a defined area on land or water including any buildings, installations and equipment intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft; “aerodrome beacon” means an aeronautical beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome from the air; “aerodrome certificate “means a certificate issued by the Authority under Part IV of these regulations; 15 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “aerodrome elevation” means the elevation of the highest point of the landing area; “aerodrome facilities and equipment” means facilities and equipment, inside or outside the boundaries of an aerodrome that are constructed or installed and maintained for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft; “aerodrome identification sign” means assign placed on an aerodrome to aid in identifying the aerodrome from the air; “aerodrome manual” means the manual that forms part of the application for a licence or a certificate under these Regulations, the manual, approved by the Authority; including any amendments to “aerodrome mapping data in its acronomy (AMD)” means data collected the purpose of compiling aerodrome mapping information for aeronautical uses; for “aerodrome mapping database in its acronomy (AMDB)” means a collection of aerodrome mapping data organized and arranged as a structured data set; “aerodrome operator” means competent person or a organization granted with aerodrome certificate, licence or registration upon ensuring that the person or organization can safely operate the aerodrome facilities, installations, equipment and services under these regulations or as prescribed by the Authority; “aerodrome reference code” means a code used for planning purposes to classify an aerodrome with respect to the the critical aircraft characteristics aerodrome is intended; for which “aerodrome reference point” means the designated geographical location of an aerodrome; “Aerodrome Standards” means standards prescribed by the Authority applicable to aerodromes; “aerodrome traffic density” means: 16 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (a) light where the number of movements in the mean busy hour is not greater than 15 per runway or than 20 total aerodrome movements; typically less (b) medium, where the number of movements in the mean busy hour is of the order of 16 to 25 per runway or typically between 20 to 35 total aerodrome move ments; heavy, where the number of movements in the mean busy hour is of the order of 26 or more per runway or typically more than 35 total aerodrome movements; (c) “aerodrome traffic zone” means the airspace extending from aerodrome level to a height of two thousand feet over the the area comprising surrounding land or water within a distance of two thousand yards of its boundaries; the aerodrome and “aeronautical beacon” means an aeronautical ground light visible at all azimuths, either continuously or intermittently, to designate a particular point on the surface of the earth; “aeronautical ground light” means any light provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light displayed on an aircraft; “Aeronautical Information Circular” means a notice containing information that does not qualify for the origination of a NOTAM or for inclusion in the Aeronautical Information Publication, but which relates to flight safety, air navigation, technical, administrative or legislative matters; “Aeronautical Information an aeronautical information publication of a lasting character essential to air navigation, issued by the Authority; Publication” means “Aeroplane” means a powered-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remains fixed under given conditions of flights; 17 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “aeroplane reference field length” means the minimum field length required for take-off at maximum certificated level, standard atmospheric conditions, still air and zero runway slope, as shown in the appropriate aeroplane flight manual prescribed by the certificating authority or equivalent data from the aeroplane manufacturer; take-off mass, sea- “air traffic service” means a flight information service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, or air traffic control service; “air traffic service unit” is a generic term meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office; “Aircraft Classification Number in its acronomy (ACN)” means a number expressing the relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement for a specified standard sub grade category; “aircraft stand” means a designated area on an apron intended to be used for parking an aircraft; “apron” means a defined area, on an aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading of passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking or maintenance; “apron management service” means a service provided to regulate the activities and the movement of aircraft and vehicles on an apron; “Authority” means the Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority established pursuant to the Act; "authorized person" means any person authorized by the to a Authority either generally or particular case or class of cases and reference to an authorized person includes references to the holder for the time being of an office designated by the Authority; in relation “balked landing” means a landing manoeuvre that is unexpectedly discontinued at any point below the obstacle clearance altitude or height (OCA/H); 18 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “barrette” means three or more aeronautical ground lights closely spaced in a transverse line so that from a distance they appear as a short bar of light; “calendar” means discrete temporal reference system that provides the basis for defining temporal position to a resolution of one day; “capacitor discharge lights” means a lamp in which high- intensity flashes of extremely short duration are produced by the discharge of electricity at high voltage through a gas enclosed in a tube; “certificate” means the certificate to operate an aerodrome issued by the Authority under Part IV of these Regulations; “certified aerodrome” means an aerodrome whose operator has been granted an Aerodrome Certificate; “clearway” means a defined rectangular area under the control of the appropriate authority selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aircraft may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height; “controlled aerodrome” means an aerodrome where air traffic services are provided; “critical aircraft” means the most demanding aircraft with regard to the aircraft performance and dimensions for a range of aircraft, for which the aerodrome facilities is intended; “cross wind component” means the surface wind component at right angles to the runway centre line; “Cyclic Redundancy Check in its acronomy (CRC) means a the digital mathematical algorithm applied expression of data that provides a level of assurance against loss or alteration of data; to “dangerous goods” means articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment; “data quality” means a degree or level of confidence that the data provided meet the requirements of the data user in terms of accuracy, resolution and integrity; 19 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “datum” means any quantity or set of quantities that may serve as a reference or basis for the calculation of other quantities; “declared distance” means – (a) “accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA)”which is the length of the take-off run available plus the length of the stopway, if provided; (b) “landing distance available(LDA)” which is the length of the runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aircraft landing; (c) “take-off distance available (TODA)” which is the length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if provided; (d) “take-off run available (TORA)” which is the length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aircraft taking off; “dependent parallel simultaneous approaches”means approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are prescribed; “displaced threshold” means a threshold not located at the extremity of a runway; “effective intensity”means the effective intensity of a flashing light is equal to the intensity of a fixed light of the same colour which produces the same visual range under identical conditions of observation; “field length” means balanced field length for aeroplane, if applicable, or take-off distance in other cases; “ellipsoid height (Geodetic height)”means the height related the in the reference ellipsoid, measured along the point to ellipsoidal outer normal question; light”means a light having constant intensity when observed from a fixed point; luminous through “fixed 20 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “frangible object”means an object of low mass designed to break, distort or yield on impact so as to present the minimum hazard to aircraft; “geodetic datum”means a minimum set of parameters required to define location and orientation of the local reference system with respect to the global reference system or frame; “geoid” means the equipotential surface in the gravity field of the earth which coincides with the undisturbed Mean Sea Level extended continuously through the continents; “geoid undulation” means the distance of the geoid above the mathematical positive or below negative reference ellipsoid; “Gregorian calendar” means calendar in general use; first introduced in 1582 to define a year that more closely approximates the tropical year than the Julian calendar (ISO 19108***). (In the Gregorian calendar, common years have 365 days and leap years 366 days divided into twelve sequential months); “hazard beacon” means an aeronautical beacon used to designate a danger to air navigation; “heliport “means an aerodrome or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters; “holding bay” means a defined area where aircraft can be held, or bypassed, to facilitate efficient surface movement of aircraft; “hotspot “means a location on an aerodrome movement area with a history or potential risk of collision or runway incursion, and where heightened attention by pilots or drivers is necessary; “human factor principles” means principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration to human performance; 21 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “human performance” means human capabilities and limitations, which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations; “identification beacon” means an aeronautical beacon emitting a coded signal by means of which a particular point of reference can be identified; “incident” means an occurrence other than an accident associated with the operation of an aircraft, which affect or may affect the safety of operation of aircraft; “independent parallel simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are not prescribed; approaches”means “independent parallel simultaneous departures from parallel or near-parallel instrument runways; departures”means “instrument runway” means one of the following types of runways intended for the operation of aircraft using instrument approach procedures - (a) “non- precision approach runway” means a runway served by visual aids and non-visual aids intended for landing operations following an instrument approach operation type A and a visibility not less than 1000 m; (b) “precision approach runway, category I”, means a runway served by visual aids and non-visual aid(s) intended for landing operations following an instrument approach operation type B with a decision height (DH) not lower than 60 m (200 ft) and either a visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550 m; 22 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (c) “precision approach runway, category II”, means a runway served by visual aids and non-visual aid(s) intended for landing operations following an instrument approach operation type B with a decision height (DH) lower than 60 m (200 ft) but not lower than 30 m (100 ft) and a runway visual range not less than 300 m; (d) “precision approach runway category III” means a runway served by visual aids and non-visual aid(s) intended for landing operations following an instrument approach operation type B to and along the surface of the runway and: than 175 m; A — intended for operations with a decision height (DH) lower than 30 m (100 ft), or no decision height and a runway visual range not less B — intended for operations with a decision height (DH) lower than 15 m ft), or no decision height and a runway visual range less than 175 m but not less than 50 m; C — intended for operations with no runway decision height (DH) and no (50 visual range limitations. (Visual aids need not necessarily be matched to the scale of non-visual aids provided. The criterion for the selection of visual aids is the conditions in which operations are intended to be conducted. Refer to the Civil Aviation for (Operation of aircraft) instrument approach operation types) regulations “integrity aeronautical data” means a degree of assurance that an aeronautical data and its value has not been lost nor altered since the data origination or authorized amendment; classification data” means classification based upon the potential risk resulting from the use of corrupted data and is classified as: aeronautical “integrity 23 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (a)routine data: there is a very low probability when using corrupted routine data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe; (b)essential data: there is a low probability when using corrupted essential data the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at risk with the potential for catastrophe; and that (c) critical data: there is a high probability when using corrupted critical data that the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft would be severely at for catastrophe. the potential risk with “International Airport” means any airport designated by the state as an airport of entry and departure for international air traffic, where the formalities incident to customs, immigration, public health, animal and plant quarantine an similar procedures are carried out; “intermediate holding position” means a designated position intended for traffic control at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles stop and hold until they are cleared to proceed, when so instructed by the aerodrome control tower; “landing area” means that part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft; “landing direction indicator” means a device to indicate visually the direction currently designated for landing and take-off; “Laser-beam Critical Flight Zone in its acronomy (LCFZ)” means an airspace in the proximity of an aerodrome but beyond the LFFZ where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause glare effects; “Laser-beam Free Flight Zone in its acronomy (LFFZ)” means an airspace in the immediate proximity of the aerodrome where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause any visual disruption 24 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “Laser-beam Sensitive Flight Zone in its acronomy (LSFZ)” means an airspace outside, and not necessarily contiguous with, the LFFZ and LCFZ where the irradiance is restricted to a level unlikely to cause flash-blindness or after-image effects; "licence" means a licence to operate an aerodrome issued by the Authority under Part II of these Regulations; “lighting system reliability” means the probability that the complete installation operates within the specified tolerances and that the system is operationally usable; “manoeuvring area” means that part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons; “marker” means an object displayed above ground level in order to indicate an obstacle or delineate a boundary; “marking” means a symbol or group of symbols displayed on the surface of the movement area in order to convey aeronautical information; “Minister” means the Minister for the time being responsible for civil aviation; “movement area” means that part of the aerodrome to be used for take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and apron; “near-parallel runways means “on-intersecting runways whose extended centre lines have an angle of convergence/divergence of 15 degrees or less; “notify” means shown in Aeronautical Information Publications, Aeronautical Information Circulars, NOTAM, civil aviation publications or any other official publication issued for the purpose of enabling any of the provisions of these Regulations to be complied with; “non-instrument runway” means a runway intended for the approach aircraft using visual operation of procedures; “normal flight zone in its acronomy (NFZ)”means airspace not defined as LFFZ, LCFZ or LSFZ but which must be protected from laser radiation capable of causing biological damage to the eye; 25 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “obstacle” means any fixed whether temporary or permanent and mobile object, or part thereof, that: (a) is located on an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft; or (b) extends above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight; or (c) stands outside those defined surfaces and that has been assessed as being a hazard to air navigation; “obstacle free zone (OFZ)” means the airspace above the inner approach surface, inner transitional surfaces, the balked landing surface and that portion of the strip bounded by these surfaces, which is not penetrated by any fixed obstacle other than a low- mass and frangibly mounted one required for air navigation purposes; “obstacle limitation surfaces” means a series of surfaces that define the volume of airspace at and around an aerodrome to be kept free of obstacles in order to permit to be conducted safely and to prevent the aerodrome from becoming unusable by the growth of obstacles around the aerodrome; intended aircraft operations the “orthometric height “means height of a point related to the geoid, generally presented as an MSL elevation; “operator” means a person operating an aerodrome licensed or certificated under these Regulations; “Pavement Classification Number in its acronomy (PCN)” means a number expressing the bearing strength of a pavement for unrestricted operations; “precision approach runway” (see instrument runway); “prescribed” means prescribed by the Authority in the standards, Manual of Manual of Aerodrome Standards for Category D Aerodromes (Heliports), Circulars, Orders, Notices, Aeronautical Publications and any other related guidance documents; "Pressure-fed fuel fires" means fires associated with fuel discharged under very high pressure from a ruptured fuel tank; 26 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “primary runway” means runway used in preference to others whenever conditions permit; “protected flight zones “means an airspace specifically designated to mitigate the hazardous effects of laser radiation; “recommended practice” means any specification for the physical characteristics configuration, material, performance or procedure, the uniform application of which is recognised as desirable in the interest of safety, regularity or efficiency of international air navigation; “registration approval” means an approval to operate an aerodrome granted by the Authority under Part V of these Regulations; “relevant authority” means any authority other than the Civil Aviation Authority whose action may be necessary or complimentary for the implementation of these Regulations; “road” means an established surface route on the movement area meant for the exclusive use of vehicles; “road holding position” means a designated position at which vehicles may be required to hold; “runway” means a defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft; “Runway End Safety Area in its acronomy (RESA)” means an area symmetrical about the extended runway centreline and adjacent to the end of the strip primarily intended to reduce the risk of damage to an aircraft undershooting or overrunning the runway; “runway guard lights” means a light system intended to caution pilots or vehicle drivers that they are about to enter an active runway; 27 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “runway-holding position” means a designated position intended to protect a runway, an obstacle limitation surface, or an Instrument Landing System or Microwave Landing System critical or sensitive area at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold, unless otherwise authorized by the aerodrome control tower; “runway strip” means a defined area including the runway and stopway, if provided, intended - (a) to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a runway; and (b) to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or landing operations; “runway turn pad” means a defined area on a land aerodrome adjacent to a runway for the purpose of completing a 180-degree turn on a runway; “Runway Visual Range in its acronomy (RVR)” means the range over which a pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line; “safety” means a state in which the risk of harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below unacceptable level through a continuing process risk or management; identification hazard and “Safety Management System in its acronomy (SMS)” means a systematic approach to managing safety including the structure, accountabilities, policies and procedures; organizational necessary “segregated parallel operations” means simultaneous operations on parallel or near-parallel instrument runways in which one runway is used exclusively for approaches and the other runway is used exclusively for departures; “shoulder” means an area adjacent to the edge of a pavement, prepared to provide a transition between the pavement and the adjacent surface; 28 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) “sign” means- (a) fixed message sign which presenting only one message. (b) variable message sign which is capable of presenting several predetermined messages or no message, as applicable. “signal area” means an area on an aerodrome used for the display of ground signals; “standard” means any specification physical characteristics, configuration, material, performance, personnel or procedure, the uniform application of which is recognised as necessary for the safety of air navigation; for “state safety programme” means an integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety; “station declination”means an alignment variation between the zero degree radial of a VOR and true north, determined at the time the VOR station is calibrated; “stopway” means a defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of the take-off run available, prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off; “switch-over time light” means the time required for the actual intensity of a light measured in a given direction to fall from 50 per cent and recover to 50 per cent during a power supply change-over, when the light is being operated at intensities of 25 per cent or above; “take-off runway” means a runway intended for take-off only; “taxiway” means a defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another, including – (a) aircraft stand taxi lane which is a portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft stands only; 29 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (b) apron taxiway which is a portion of a taxiway system located on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi route across the apron; (c) rapid exit taxiway which is a taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle and designed to allow landing aircrafts to turn off at higher speeds than are achieved on other exit taxiways thereby minimizing runway occupancy times; “taxiway intersection”means a junction of two or more taxiways; “taxiway strip” means an area including a taxiway intended to protect aircraft operating on a taxiway and to reduce the risk of damage to an aircraft accidentally running off the taxiway; “threshold” means the beginning of that portion of the runway usable for landing; “touchdown zone” means the portion of a runway beyond the threshold, intended for landing aircraft on first contact with the runway; “unserviceable area” means a part of the movement area that is unfit and unavailable for use by aircraft; “usability factor” means the percentage of time during which the use of a runway or system of runways is not restricted because of the cross-wind component; “vicinity” means a defined airspace around an aerodrome for control of obstacles that may infringe the obstacle limitation surfaces around the aerodrome, contained within a radius of thirteen kilometres from the aerodrome reference point upto a height of one thousand five hundred feet above ground level; “visual traffic pattern” means the aerodrome traffic zone of the aerodrome; “wildlife” means feral birds and animals, including domestic animals out of the control of their owners; and “wildlife hazard” means a potential for damaging aircraft collision with wildlife on or near an aerodrome. 30 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Applicabil ity - 3 Verify source ↗
These regulations shall apply to all aerodromes in
AI-assisted research summary: These regulations apply to all aerodromes in Tanzania, unless another provision says otherwise.
3. These regulations shall apply to all aerodromes in the United Republic of Tanzania except where otherwise specified. Use of common reference systems - 4 Verify source ↗
(1) The World Geodetic System – 1984 (WGS-84)
AI-assisted research summary: For aerodromes, use WGS-84 for horizontal coordinates, Mean Sea Level for elevation, UTC for time unless notified otherwise, and the CGPM system of units unless the Authority prescribes אחרת.
4.-(1) The World Geodetic System – 1984 (WGS-84) shall be used as the horizontal reference system to express aeronautical geographical coordinates for aerodromes. (2) The Mean Sea Level datum shall be used as the vertical reference system (elevation) at aerodromes. (3) Except where notified the Tanzania Aeronautical Information Publication or the Aeronautical and Information Circular, Coordinated Universal Time shall be used as the temporal reference system. the Gregorian calendar in Categories of aerodrome s (4) Unless otherwise prescribed by the Authority, the International System of Units developed and maintained by the General Conference of Weights and Measures (CGPM) shall be used as the standard system of units of measurement. - 5 Verify source ↗
Section 5
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodromes must be categorized into one of five categories, A to E, based on their use and aircraft size limits.
5. In these Regulations aerodromes shall be categorized as follows- (a) category A comprising international airports available for use by both international and domestic air traffic; (b) category B comprising secondary international aerodromes, appropriate for use by aircraft of maximum certificated take off mass above five thousand seven hundred kilograms available for use by both international and domestic aircraft where the formalities for customs, immigration, health and similar procedures are carried out; (c) category C comprising public and private aerodromes, appropriate for use by aircraft of maximum certificated take off mass of above five thousand seven hundred kilograms available for use only by domestic air traffic only; (d) category D comprising aerodromes available for use only by domestic helicopters operations; and 31 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (e) category E comprising aerodromes available for use only by domestic air traffic of maximum certificated take-off mass not exceeding five thousand seven hundred kilogrammes or such aerodrome as may be determined by the Authority to be registered as a category E aerodrome using the methodology described in Fifth Schedule of these Part V of Regulations. and PART II CONSTRUCTION OF AERODROMES Applicatio n of this Part Requirem ents for applicatio n for an aerodrome constructi on permit
Part
PART II
- 6 Verify source ↗
This Part applies to aerodromes categories A, B,
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to aerodromes in categories A, B, C, and D.
6. This Part applies to aerodromes categories A, B, C, and D. - 7 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall not construct an aerodrome
AI-assisted research summary: You must not construct an aerodrome unless you have a valid construction permit.
7.-(1) A person shall not construct an aerodrome unless that person has a valid aerodrome construction permit issued under regulation 8. (2) An application for an aerodrome construction permit shall be considered for approval, where – (a) the applicant holds a valid authorization from a relevant authority for use of the place as an aerodrome; and (b) the application is approved by the authority environment national for responsible management; (3) The Authority shall prior to issuance of a construction permit, assess the suitability of the place proposed for construction by taking into consideration - (a) the proximity of the place to other aerodromes and landing areas including military aerodromes; airspace (b) obstacles, existing terrain and restrictions; and (c) that it is not against public interest that the place where the aerodrome is to be constructed shall be used as such. 32 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (4) An applicant for an aerodrome construction permit shall submit to the Authority for approval an application in the prescribed form accompanied by – (a) a detailed design of the proposed construction including requirements related architectural approved by the relevant authority; (b) aerodrome data the characteristics of the aircraft for which the aerodrome is intended; and accordance with in Issuance of aerodrome constructi on permits. Design and constructi on of aerodrome s Requirem ents for aerodrome design and constructi on (c) a topographical map of the proposed aerodrome site as specified by the Authority. - 8 Verify source ↗
The Authority
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must issue an aerodrome construction permit to an applicant if the application meets regulation 7 and any other requirements set by a relevant authority.
8. The Authority issue an aerodrome construction permit to an applicant where the application meets the requirements in regulation 7 and any other requirements as may be specified by any relevant authority. shall - 9 Verify source ↗
(1) An applicant for a construction permit shall
AI-assisted research summary: A construction-permit applicant must make sure the aerodrome’s design and construction are done by a person registered with the relevant professional body, and the Authority must inspect the aerodrome site during construction.
9.-(1) An applicant for a construction permit shall ensure that the design and construction of the aerodrome is undertaken by a person registered by relevant professional body. the (2) The Authority shall inspect the site of an aerodrome during construction to ascertain compliance with the standards prescribed and the terms of the aerodrome construction permit. - 10 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome design shall
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodrome designs must include specified physical, security, safety, lighting, equipment, and installation features, and comply with prescribed aerodrome design standards.
10.-(1) An aerodrome design shall – (a) indicate the physical characteristics in accordance with these regulations; (b) indicate the obstacle limitation surfaces; (c) integrate and optimize security measures in accordance with the Civil Aviation (Security) Regulations; (d) indicate visual aids for denoting obstacles and restricted areas; and 33 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (e) indicate the appropriate equipment and installations. (2) The physical characteristics, obstacle limitation surfaces, visual aids, facilities, equipment and installations, required under sub-regulation (1) shall - the aircraft characteristics for which the aerodrome intends to serve; appropriate critical (a) be to (b) be at the lowest meteorological minima for each runway; (c) provide ambient light conditions during the operations of aircraft; (d) comply with the appropriate aerodrome design standards as prescribed by the Authority. (e) the design of aerodromes shall take into account, land-use and environmental control measures. Aerodrom e reference code - 11 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome reference code comprising a
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must determine the aerodrome reference code using the aircraft characteristics for the aerodrome facility.
11.-(1) An aerodrome reference code comprising a code number and a code letter shall be used for aerodrome planning purposes. (2) The Authority shall determine the aerodrome reference code in accordance with the critical aircraft characteristics for which the aerodrome facility is intended. (3) The aerodrome reference code numbers and code letters required under sub-regulation (1) shall be determined as follows: 34 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Aerodrome reference code Code Element 1 Code Element 2 Code numbe r (1) 1 Aeroplane reference field length (2) Less than 800 m 2 3 4 800 m up to but not including 1 200 m 1 200 m up to but not including 1 800 m 1 800 m and over Code letter (3) Wing span (4) Outer main gear wheel span (5) A B C D E F Up to but not including 15 m 15 m up to but not including 24 m 24 m up to but not including 36 m 36 m up to but not including 52m 52 m up to but not including 65 m 65 m up to but not including 80 m Up to but not including 4.5 m - 4 Verify source ↗
5 m up to but not
AI-assisted research summary: This provision appears to list aerodrome size bands and refer to the application for a licence under Part III.
4.5 m up to but not including 6 m 6 m up to but not including 9 m 9 m up to but not including 14 m 9 m up to but not including 14 m 14m up to but not including 16 m Applicatio n of Part this Applicatio n for licence PART III LICENSING OF AERODROMES
Part
PART IV
- 26 Verify source ↗
(1) This Part applies to aerodromes in category
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to aerodromes in category A, and it may also apply to category B aerodromes if the Authority thinks it is necessary.
26.-(1) This Part applies to aerodromes in category Notificatio n and furnishing of informatio n Applicatio n of Part this A. (2) This part may apply to aerodromes in category B where deemed necessary by the Authority. Applicatio n for certificate - 27 Verify source ↗
Section 27
AI-assisted research summary: An application for a certificate must use the Authority’s prescribed form and include specified supporting documents and information.
27. An application for a certificate shall be submitted in a form prescribed by the Authority and shall be accompanied by - (a) two copies of the aerodrome manual; (b) a plan for the aerodrome; (c) an environmental impact assessment report; (d) approval from any relevant authority; (e) proof of financial capability; (f) particulars of any non-compliance or deviations with the the established requirements appropriate aerodrome design, operation or equipment standards to enable the Authority determine acceptance or otherwise based on the aeronautical studies and risk assessment; from 42 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (g) details of competence and level of resources of the key aerodrome personnel including their curriculum vitae, verifiable training records and ; and (h) charges as prescribed by the Authority in the or Information Publication Aeronautical Aeronautical Information Circular (i) any other information that may be sought by the Authority to ascertain competence of the persons to perform critical activities for aerodrome operations and maintenance as prescribed by the Authority. - 28 Verify source ↗
(1) A certificate may be issued subject to any
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority may set conditions for issuing a certificate and must endorse those conditions, plus other necessary details, on the certificate.
28.-(1) A certificate may be issued subject to any conditions that may be prescribed by the Authority. (2) The Authority shall endorse on a certificate the conditions for use of an aerodrome and any other details as may be deemed necessary by the Authority. - 29 Verify source ↗
(1) The breach of any condition subject to which
AI-assisted research summary: If a condition attached to a certificate is breached, the certificate becomes invalid. The Authority must impose operating restrictions or sanctions at certified aerodromes when certification requirements are not met or safety concerns remain unresolved.
29.-(1) The breach of any condition subject to which a certificate is issued including any approval, permission or exemption shall render the certificate invalid. (2) The Authority shall impose operating restrictions or sanctions at certified aerodromes in the event of non- conformance with the certification requirements or any unresolved safety concerns. - 30 Verify source ↗
(1) A certificate shall specify
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome certificate must state required details, cannot be transferred, and must be surrendered to the Authority after suspension or cancellation.
30.-(1) A certificate shall specify – (a) the category of the Aerodrome, aerodrome reference code and type of use of the aerodrome; Condition s for issuance of certificate Breach of conditions of certificate and non- conforman ce with the certificatio n requireme nts Specificati ons of an Aerodrom e certificate 43 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (b) the restrictions, if any, relating to non-compliance with or deviations the appropriate aerodrome design, operation or equipment standards; from (c) the period of validity of the certificate. (2) A certificate issued under these Regulations shall not be transferable. (3) A holder of an aerodrome certificate which is suspended or cancelled shall within thirty days of the suspension or cancellation, surrender the certificate to the Authority. (4) Notwithstanding sub-regulation (2), w h e r e a n a e r o d r o m e certificate is suspended for a period of less than thirty days, a holder of the certificate shall immediately surrender the certificate. - 31 Verify source ↗
A person shall not operate an aerodrome used for
AI-assisted research summary: A person must not operate an aerodrome used for international operations unless they hold a certificate issued by the Authority under this Part.
31. A person shall not operate an aerodrome used for international operations unless that person holds a certificate issued by the Authority in accordance with this Part. - 32 Verify source ↗
(1) The Authority shall issue a certificate in the
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must issue an aerodrome certificate if the listed safety, staffing, manual, standards, and security conditions are met.
32.-(1) The Authority shall issue a certificate in the prescribed form and manner where the Authority is satisfied that - (a) the applicant and the personnel of the applicant are adequate in number and have the necessary competency and experience to operate and maintain an aerodrome; Certificati on of aerodrome s used for internation al operations Issuance of certificate (b) the aerodrome manual prepared the aerodrome and submitted with the application contains all the relevant information; for (c) the aerodrome physical characteristics, facilities, in services and equipment are established accordance with approved standards; (d) the aerodrome operating procedures make satisfactory provision for the safety of aircraft; 44 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (e) an acceptable safety management system is in place; (f) the applicant has an approved aviation security programme in accordance with the Civil Aviation (Security) Regulations. (2) The issuance of a certificate shall be subject to compliance with these Regulations and standards prescribed by the Authority and any other condition as may be specified or notified by the Authority in accordance with safety audit and inspection. (3) The Authority may refuse to grant a certificate to an applicant and where the Authority refuses, it shall notify the applicant in writing, of the reasons for the refusal, not later than fourteen days after making that decision. (4) After issuance of a Certificate, the authority shall cause Publication of certified status of an aerodrome and the required details in the AIP inspections (5) The Authority shall following the issuance of a certificate conduct continuing surveillance, audits, surveys and the certificate and capability of the aerodrome operator to the maintain safe, efficient and regular operation of aerodrome facilities, installations, equipment and services to ensure continuing validity of (6) in pursuance of sub-regulation (5), the Authority shall prioritize inspections, audits and surveys towards those areas of greater safety concern or need and shall be based on the analysis of safety risks or data quality (7) An aerodrome certificate issued under these Regulations is not transferable. - 33 Verify source ↗
A certificate shall be valid for a period of one
AI-assisted research summary: A certificate is valid for one year unless it is suspended, cancelled, or revoked under these Regulations.
33. A certificate shall be valid for a period of one year, unless the certificate is suspended, cancelled or revoked in accordance with these Regulations. - 34 Verify source ↗
(1) An application for the renewal of a certificate
AI-assisted research summary: A renewal application must be filed with the Authority in the prescribed form, with required supporting items, at least 60 days before the certificate expires.
34.-(1) An application for the renewal of a certificate shall be made to the Authority in the prescribed form and shall be accompanied by- (a) the aerodrome manual if significant changes have been made following the initial certification; Validity of certificate Renewal of certificate 45 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (b) particulars of deviations, the appropriate design, operation or equipment standards; and if any, from (c) the appropriate charges as prescribed by the Information the Aeronautical in Authority Circular. Amendme nt of certificate (2) An application for renewal shall be submitted sixty days before the expiry of the certificate. (3) The renewal of a certificate shall be subject to compliance with these Regulations, standards prescribed by the Authority and any other conditions as may be specified or notified by the Authority as determined by safety inspections and audit procedures by the Authority, before the renewal of the certificate. - 35 Verify source ↗
(1) An application for amendment of a certificate
AI-assisted research summary: An application to amend a certificate must be in the form prescribed by the Authority, and the Authority can ask for supporting documents and may amend an aerodrome certificate in certain cases.
35.-(1) An application for amendment of a certificate shall be submitted in a form prescribed by the Authority. (2) The Authority may request that the application be accompanied by any or all of the following - (a) two copies of the aerodrome manual; (b) a site plan for the aerodrome; (c) an environmental impact assessment report; (d) approval from any relevant authority; (e) proof of financial capability; (f) particulars of any non-compliance or deviations from the appropriate aerodrome design, operation or equipment standards; and in (g) charges as prescribed the Aeronautical Information Publication or Aeronautical Information Circular by the Authority. (3) The Authority may, provided the requirements of regulations 30, are met, where necessary, amend an aerodrome certificate - (a) for a change in the use or operation of the aerodrome; (b) for a change in the boundaries of the aerodrome; (c) if the holder of the aerodrome certificate requests an amendment; or 46 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Suspensio n and cancellatio n of certificate (d) if the Authority deems it necessary. - 36 Verify source ↗
(1) The Authority may suspend a certificate
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority may suspend a certificate in specified cases, and the holder can respond or appeal within set time limits.
36.-(1) The Authority may suspend a certificate where - (a) following a safety inspection or audit, it is evident that the holder of the certificate has not complied with the requirements prescribed in these Regulations and failed to remedy the non- compliance within a period of thirty days after the inspection; (b) the holder of the Authority from carrying out a safety inspection or audit in accordance with these Regulations; the certificate prevents (c) the holder of the certificate is under receivership, liquidation or bankruptcy proceedings; (d) it is deemed necessary in the interest of aviation safety. (2) The Authority may, on giving reasons to the holder of a certificate, suspend the certificate for a period not exceeding sixty days. (3) A holder of a certificate who is notified of a suspension in sub regulation (2) may submit a response in writing within a period not exceeding fourteen days. Notwithstanding sub the Authority may suspend any or all of the operations at an aerodrome pending receipt of a response from the holder. regulation (3), (4) (5) A holder of a certificate who is aggrieved by the suspension of a certificate may appeal against the suspension to the Minister, within thirty days of the suspension. (6) Where an appeal is made under sub-regulation (5), the holder of a certificate shall state in writing the reasons why in his or her opinion, the suspension shall be varied or set aside. (7) The Minister may vary or set aside the suspension made under sub-regulation (2) on the basis of the reasons given in the appeal under sub-regulation (5). (8) Where a holder of a certificate does not appeal against the suspension in accordance with sub-regulation (5), the Authority may cancel the certificate, on giving reasons to 47 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Surrender of certificate the holder of a certificate. - 37 Verify source ↗
(1) Subject to sub-regulation (2), a holder of a
AI-assisted research summary: A certificate holder may surrender a certificate, but must give the Authority at least 60 days’ written notice first.
37.-(1) Subject to sub-regulation (2), a holder of a certificate may surrender the certificate to the Authority at any time. (2) A holder of a certificate who wishes to surrender the certificate shall give the Authority not less than sixty days notice in writing, before the date on which the certificate is to be surrendered. (3) The Authority shall cancel the certificate upon the expiry of the period of notice in sub-regulation (2). (4) Where, after the expiry of the period in sub- regulation (2), an aerodrome is abandoned or is not maintained in accordance with the conditions of the certificate, the holder of the certificate shall remove, obliterate or modify the prescribed markings referred to in regulation 52 (f). Charges at certificate d aerodrome s - 38 Verify source ↗
(1) A holder of a certificate shall prescribe
AI-assisted research summary: Certificate holders must set aerodrome charges, provide charge details to the Authority when required, and post prescribed charges where the Authority has set maximum charges.
38.-(1) A holder of a certificate shall prescribe charges for the use of the aerodrome or of any facilities provided at the aerodrome for the safety, security, efficiency or regularity of air navigation. (2) Where required by the Authority, a holder of a certificate shall, furnish particulars of the charges levied for the use of an aerodrome or the performance of services at the aerodrome. (3) the Authority may where necessary, prescribe the maximum charges which may be levied for the use of an aerodrome or the performance of services at the aerodrome, for a specified period. Notwithstanding sub regulation (1), (4) A holder of a certificate of the aerodrome for which the Authority prescribes charges under sub-regulation (3) shall not cause or permit any charges to be made in contravention of that sub-regulation. (5) A holder of a certificate of an aerodrome for which the Authority prescribes charges shall cause the prescribed charges to be posted in a conspicuous place at the aerodrome. 48 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Certificate s register - 39 Verify source ↗
(1) The Authority shall maintain a register of all
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must keep a register of all certificates issued under these Regulations.
39.-(1) The Authority shall maintain a register of all certificates issued in accordance with these Regulations. (2) The register shall contain - (a) the full name of the holder of an aerodrome certificates; (b) the nationality of the holder of a certificate; (c) the postal, telephone, facsimile and e-mail addresses of a holder of a certificate; (d) the name and location of the aerodrome for which a certificate is issued; (e) the number of the certificate; (f) the date on which the certificate was issued; (g) the date on which the certificate expires; (h) the type of use of the aerodrome; and (i) any other relevant information including type of use of the aerodrome. PART V CONSTRUCTION, REGISTRATION AND OPERATION OF CATEGORY E AERODROMES Applicatio n of this Part Constructi on of category E aerodrome s
Part
Schedule;
- 43 Verify source ↗
An application for registration of a category E
AI-assisted research summary: An application to register a category E aerodrome must be submitted in writing with the prescribed form, prescribed charges, and, for existing aerodromes, landowner permission or proof of ownership.
43. An application for registration of a category E aerodrome shall be submitted in writing accompanied by: (a) a Self-reporting Form in the format prescribed by the Authority; (b) charges as prescribed by the Authority; and (c) in the case of existing aerodromes, written permission from the owner of the land or evidence of ownership of the proprietary interest in the land on which the aerodrome is located. 50 Issuance of an approval to construct category E aerodrome Applicatio n for registratio n of a category E aerodrome The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Registrati on of a category E aerodrome Issuance of a registratio n approval - 44 Verify source ↗
The Authority shall, prior to registration of a
AI-assisted research summary: Before a category E aerodrome is registered, the Authority must assess the aerodrome’s facilities and verify the information in the prescribed Self-reporting Form and compliance with applicable aerodrome standards.
44. The Authority shall, prior to registration of a category E aerodrome, assess the facilities of the aerodrome to verify information provided in the Self-reporting Form prescribed by the Authority and compliance with applicable aerodrome standards. - 45 Verify source ↗
(1) The Authority shall issue a registration
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must issue a registration approval if the applicant meets the listed requirements, may refuse approval, must give written reasons for refusal within 14 days, and must carry out surveillance inspections after approval. The approval is not transferable.
45.-(1) The Authority shall issue a registration approval in a form prescribed by the Authority where the applicant has- (a) complied with regulations, prescribed by the Authority; and the requirements of these the Self-reporting Form (b) complied with any applicable Civil Aviation (Security) Regulations, 2015; and (c) complied with any other requirements specified by the Authority. (2) The issuance of a registration approval may be subject to any other condition as may be specified or notified by the Authority based on the results of the pre-registration safety audit or inspection. (3) The Authority may decline to grant a registration approval to an applicant and where the Authority declines, it shall notify the applicant in writing giving the reasons not later than fourteen days after making that decision. (4) The Authority shall, following the issuance of a registration approval, carry out surveillance inspections to ensure continuing validity of the registration and continuing capacity of the aerodrome operator to maintain safe and regular operation of the aerodrome and associated facilities and services. (5) Notwithstanding requirements of sub- regulation (4), the Authority may use aerodrome condition reports from pilots operating into category E aerodromes for surveillances purposes. the (6) An aerodrome registration approval issued under these Regulations is not transferable. 51 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Validity of a registratio n approval Renewal of a registratio n approval Amendme nt of registratio n approval - 46 Verify source ↗
A Registration approval shall be valid for a
AI-assisted research summary: A registration approval is valid for three years, unless the Authority suspends or revokes it.
46. A Registration approval shall be valid for a period of three years unless otherwise suspended or revoked by the Authority. - 47 Verify source ↗
An application for renewal of an aerodrome
AI-assisted research summary: To renew an aerodrome registration approval, the applicant must apply to the Authority in the prescribed form and include specified supporting items.
47. An application for renewal of an aerodrome registration approval shall be made to the Authority in the prescribed form and shall be accompanied by – (a) the Self-reporting Form prescribed by the Authority, if significant changes have been made following the initial registration; (b) particulars of deviations, if any, from the appropriate design, operation or equipment standards; and (c) the appropriate charges as prescribed by the Authority - 48 Verify source ↗
(1) An application for amendment of an
AI-assisted research summary: An application to amend an aerodrome registration approval must be submitted to the Authority in writing.
48.-(1) An application for amendment of an aerodrome registration approval shall be submitted to the Authority in writing. (2) The Authority may request the applicant to submit – (a) a Self-reporting Form as prescribed by the Authority; (b) particulars of any non-compliances and deviations from standards if applicable; (c) charges as prescribed by the Authority. (3) The Authority may, provided the requirements of this regulation are met, amend an aerodrome registration approval if – (a) there is a change in the use or operation of the aerodrome; (b) the aerodrome operator requests an amendment; or (c) it is deemed necessary based on results of an inspection. 52 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Cancellati on of a registratio n approval Obligation s of category E aerodrome operator - 49 Verify source ↗
(1) The Authority may cancel an aerodrome
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority may cancel an aerodrome registration approval in specified safety or request-based situations, and must give written reasons in some cases.
49.-(1) The Authority may cancel an aerodrome registration approval where – (a) following a surveillance inspection, it is evident that the aerodrome is unsafe for the operation of aircraft and the operator has failed to remedy the situation within a period of sixty days after the inspection; (b) the holder of the registration requests for the cancellation; or (c) it is deemed necessary in the interest of aviation safety. (2) Subject to sub-regulation (1) (a) and (c), the Authority shall give reasons for the cancellation in writing to the registered aerodrome operator. (3) A holder of a registration approval who is aggrieved by the cancellation under sub-regulation (1) (a) and (c) may appeal to the Minister within thirty days of the cancellation. - 50 Verify source ↗
An operator of a category E aerodrome shall
AI-assisted research summary: An operator of a category E aerodrome must follow multiple compliance and safety requirements.
50. An operator of a category E aerodrome shall – (a) comply with the provisions of Part VI of these regulations as applicable; (b) comply with any conditions endorsed on the registration approval issued by the Authority; (c) comply with all relevant laws of the United Republic of Tanzania and obtain all necessary approvals in as far as they apply to development and operations of the aerodrome; (d) ensure the safety of the obstacle limitation surfaces of the aerodrome in accordance with these regulations; (e) ensure that the physical standards for the maneuvering areas and facilities provided at the aerodrome are appropriate for the critical aircraft for which the aerodrome is designed; (f) provide details on operations at the aerodrome as may be required from time to time by the Ministers responsible for civil aviation and national security; 53 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) the aerodrome (g) operate and maintain in accordance with applicable standards to ensure safety of aircraft operating into such aerodromes; (h) address any safety concerns identified by the Authority in the course of surveillance inspection of the aerodrome and submit corrective action plans as required. Obligation s of pilot-in- command of an aircraft operating to and from a category E aerodrome Notificatio n of registered aerodrome s - 51 Verify source ↗
The pilot-in-command of an aircraft operating to
AI-assisted research summary: A pilot-in-command operating to or from a category E aerodrome must follow the Civil Aviation Regulations, comply with applicable security regulations, file an airborne flight plan immediately after take-off, follow instructions from the Minister, and get authorization before using privately operated aerodromes.
51. The pilot-in-command of an aircraft operating to or from a category E aerodrome shall – (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (Rules of comply with the rules of the air as specified in the Air) the Civil Aviation Regulations; comply with any applicable Civil Aviation (Security) Regulations, 2015; file an airborne flight plan immediately after take-off from a category E aerodrome on the designated air traffic control frequency for all flights; comply with any instructions as may be required from time to time by the Minister internal responsible for civil aviation or security for operation at such aerodromes; obtain authorization from the operator of an aerodrome prior to operating into privately operated aerodromes; pilots who have attained the rank of a captain are designated to inspect aerodromes in category E on behalf of the Authority; and the authority may accept a report by a Pilots provided it is signed by the pilot in command using a format prescribed by the Authority. Information Publication - 52 Verify source ↗
The Authority shall publish in the Tanzania
AI-assisted research summary: The Authority must publish the Tanzania Aeronautical list of all aerodromes registered by it, including specified contact details for the registration holder.
52. The Authority shall publish in the Tanzania Aeronautical list of all aerodromes registered by the Authority including the name, postal address, telephone and facsimile numbers and e-mail address of the registration holder and any other relevant information. the 54 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Applicatio n of Part this Complian ce with Standards and conditions Competen ce of operationa l and maintenan ce personnel Aerodrom e operations and maintenan ce PART VI OBLIGATIONS OF AERODROME OPERATOR
Part
PART VII
- 71 Verify source ↗
This Part applies to aerodromes in categories A,
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to aerodromes in categories A, B, C and D.
71. This Part applies to aerodromes in categories A, B, C and D. - 72 Verify source ↗
(1) Upon making an application for a licence or a
AI-assisted research summary: An applicant must submit an aerodrome manual to the Authority when applying for a licence or certificate, and operators must keep approved copies in the required places.
72.-(1) Upon making an application for a licence or a certificate the applicant shall submit to the Authority an aerodrome manual for approval. (2) An aerodrome manual shall – (a) be typewritten or printed; (b) be signed by the operator; (c) be in a format that is easy to revise; (d) have a system for recording the current pages and any amendments, including a page for logging revisions; and (e) be organized in a manner that facilitates the preparation, review and approval processes. (3) An operator shall keep at least one approved copy of the aerodrome manual at the aerodrome and one copy at the principal place of business of the operator, where it is different from the aerodrome. (4) Where an operator of an aerodrome in category C and D is unable to keep a copy of the aerodrome manual at the aerodrome, the operator shall keep the aerodrome manual at a place authorised by the Authority. - 73 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome manual shall contain all
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome manual must include the instructions needed for personnel to do their jobs, and it must include specified schedule particulars and exemption details where applicable.
73.-(1) An aerodrome manual shall contain all the instructions necessary information and personnel of an aerodrome perform their duties. to enable (2) Notwithstanding sub regulation (1), and to the extent that the particulars are applicable, a manual for an aerodrome in category A shall include the particulars provided in the Second Schedule, for an aerodrome in category B and C the particulars provided in the Third Schedule and for an aerodrome in category D, the particulars provided in the Fourth Schedule. 63 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (3) Where a person is given an exemption in accordance with Part XIX, the aerodrome manual shall show the exemption notice number given for the exemption by the Authority, the date the exemption came into effect and any conditions or procedures subject to which the exemption was granted. Amendme nt of an aerodrome manual
Part
Schedule and for an aerodrome in category D, the particulars
- 74 Verify source ↗
(1) For the purpose of maintaining the accuracy
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must amend the aerodrome manual when necessary and submit any proposed amendment to the Authority for approval before changing the manual. The Authority may also direct the operator to review or alter the manual, and must approve amendments that meet the stated safety and regulatory criteria.
74.-(1) For the purpose of maintaining the accuracy of the information in an aerodrome manual – (a) an operator shall whenever necessary, amend the aerodrome manual; or . (b) the Authority may issue a written directive requiring the operator to periodically review, alter or amend an aerodrome manual to ensure that the information contained in the manual is correct. (2) Notwithstanding sub-regulation (1), an operator shall submit the proposed amendment to the Authority for approval, before the aerodrome manual is amended. (3) The Authority shall approve the amendment made to an aerodrome manual where the amendment meets key safety assurance criteria on organizational competence and the requirements contained in these Regulations. PART VIII AERODROME DATA Applicabil ity of this part Aeronauti cal data
Part
PART VIII
- 75 Verify source ↗
This part applies to all aerodromes except where
AI-assisted research summary: This Part applies to all aerodromes, unless another rule says otherwise.
75. This part applies to all aerodromes except where otherwise specified. - 76 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome operator shall determine and
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must determine and report aerodrome-related aeronautical data, and must share aerodrome mapping data with aeronautical information services when certain safety or performance benefits are suggested.
76.-(1) An aerodrome operator shall determine and report aerodrome-related aeronautical data in accordance with the accuracy and integrity requirements set forth in Tables A5-1 to A5-5 contained in the Eleventh Schedule to these Regulations, while taking into account the established quality system procedures. 64 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) The accuracy requirements for aeronautical data shall be based upon a 95 per cent confidence level and in that respect, three types of positional data shall be identified: (a) surveyed points; (b) calculated points; and (c) declared points. (3) The aerodrome operator shall make available to the aeronautical information services aerodrome mapping data for aerodromes where safety or performance-based operations suggest possible benefits. (4) Where made available in accordance with sub- regulation (3), the selection of the aerodrome mapping data features to be collected shall be made with consideration of the intended applications. (5) Where made available in accordance with sub- regulation (3), aerodrome mapping data shall comply with the accuracy and integrity requirements specified in the Eleventh Schedule to these Regulations (6) Integrity of aeronautical data shall be maintained throughout the data process from survey or origin to the next intended user and based on integrity classification, the validation and verification procedures shall: the applicable (a) for routine data: avoid corruption throughout the processing of the data; (b) for essential data: assure corruption does not occur at any stage of the entire process and may include additional processes as needed to address potential risks in the overall system architecture to further assure data integrity at this level; and (c) for critical data: assure corruption does not occur at any stage of the entire process and include additional integrity assurance procedures to fully identified by mitigate thorough analysis of system architecture as potential data integrity risks. the effects of faults the overall 65 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (7) Protection of electronic aeronautical data while stored or in transit shall be totally monitored by the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and to achieve protection of the integrity level of critical and essential aeronautical data as classified in sub-regulation (6), a 32- or 24-bit CRC algorithm shall apply, respectively. (8) To achieve protection of the integrity level of routine aeronautical data as classified in sub-regulation (6), a 16-bit CRC algorithm shall apply. reported (9) Geographical coordinates indicating latitude and longitude shall be determined and the aeronautical information services authority in terms of the World Geodetic System — 1984 (WGS-84) geodetic reference datum, identifying those geographical coordinates which have been transformed into WGS-84 coordinates by mathematical means and whose accuracy of original field work does not meet the requirements in Table A5-1 of the Eleventh Schedule to these regulations. to (10) The order of accuracy of the field work shall be such that the resulting operational navigation data for the phases of flight will be within the maximum deviations, with respect to an appropriate reference frame, as indicated in the tables contained in Eleventh Schedule to these regulations. (11) For the purpose of subregulation 10, an appropriate reference frame is that which enables WGS-84 to be realized on a given aerodrome and with respect to which all coordinate data are related. (12) In addition to the elevation (referenced to mean sea level) of the specific surveyed ground positions at aerodromes, geoid undulation (referenced to the WGS-84 ellipsoid) for those positions as indicated in the Eleventh Schedule shall be determined and the aeronautical information services. reported to Aerodrom e reference point
Part
Schedule shall be determined and
- 77 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome reference point shall be
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome reference point must be established for each aerodrome.
77.-(1) An aerodrome reference point shall be established for an aerodrome. (2) The aerodrome reference point shall be located near the initial or planned geometric centre of the aerodrome and shall normally remain where first established. 66 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (3) The position of the aerodrome reference point shall be measured and reported the aeronautical information services authority in degrees, minutes and seconds. to - 78 Verify source ↗
(1) The aerodrome elevation and geoid
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodrome elevation and geoid undulation must be measured to the stated accuracy and reported to the aeronautical information services authority.
78.-(1) The aerodrome elevation and geoid undulation at the aerodrome elevation position shall be measured to the accuracy of one-half metre or foot and reported to the aeronautical information services authority. (2) For an aerodrome used by international civil aviation for non-precision approaches, the elevation and geoid undulation of each threshold, the elevation of the runway end and any significant high and low intermediate points along the runway shall be measured to the accuracy of one-half metre or foot and reported to the aeronautical information services authority. (3) For precision approach runway, the elevation and geoid undulation of the threshold, the elevation of the runway end and the highest elevation of the touchdown zone shall be measured to the accuracy of one-quarter metre or foot and reported to the aeronautical information services authority. (4) Geoid undulation shall be measured in accordance with the appropriate system of coordinates. - 79 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome reference temperature shall be
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome reference temperature must be determined in degrees Celsius.
79.-(1) An aerodrome reference temperature shall be determined for an aerodrome in degrees Celsius. Aerodrom e and runway elevation Aerodrom e reference temperatur e (2) The aerodrome reference temperature shall be the monthly mean of the daily maximum temperatures for the hottest month of the year the hottest month being that which has this temperature shall, where possible be averaged over a period of years. the highest monthly mean temperature and Aerodrom e dimension s and - 80 Verify source ↗
(1) The following data shall be measured or
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodrome facilities must have specified runway, taxiway, apron, obstacle, and coordinate data measured or described and reported to the aeronautical information services authority.
80.-(1) The following data shall be measured or described, as appropriate, for each facility provided on an aerodrome: 67 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) related informatio n (a) runway — true bearing to one-hundredth of a degree, designation number, length, width, displaced threshold location to the nearest metre or foot, slope, surface type, type of runway and, for a precision approach runway category I, the existence of an obstacle free zone when provided; (b) width to the nearest metre or foot, surface type of the- (i) (ii) (iii) strip; runway end safety area length; stopway; (c) taxiway — designation, width, surface type; (d) apron — surface type, aircraft stands; (e) the boundaries of the air traffic control service; (f) clearway — length to the nearest metre or foot, ground profile; (g) visual aids for approach procedures, marking and lighting of runways, taxiways and aprons, other visual guidance and control aids on taxiways and aprons, taxi-holding positions and stopbars, and location and type of visual docking guidance systems; including (h) location and radio frequency of any VOR aerodrome checkpoint; (i) location and designation of standard taxi-routes; and (j) distances to the nearest metre or foot of localizer and glide path elements comprising an instrument landing system (ILS) or azimuth and elevation antenna of a microwave landing system (MLS) in relation to the associated runway extremities. (2) The geographical coordinates of each threshold the aeronautical shall be measured and reported information services authority in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds. to (3) The geographical coordinates of appropriate taxiway centre line points shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information services authority in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds. 68 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (4) The geographical coordinates of each aircraft stand shall be measured and reported to the aeronautical information services authority in degrees, minutes, seconds and hundredths of seconds. (5) The geographical coordinates of obstacles in Area 2 (the part within the aerodrome boundary) and in Area 3 shall be measured and reported the aeronautical information services authority in degrees, minutes, seconds and tenths of seconds. In addition, the top elevation, type, marking and lighting if any of obstacles shall be reported to the aeronautical information services authority. to Strength of pavements - 81 Verify source ↗
The aerodrome operator shall comply with the
AI-assisted research summary: The aerodrome operator must comply with requirements for determining and reporting pavement bearing strength.
81. The aerodrome operator shall comply with the requirements for the determination and reporting of pavement bearing strength as prescribed by the Authority in the Fifth Schedule. Pre-flight altimeter check location - 82 Verify source ↗
(1) One or more pre-flight altimeter check
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodromes must have one or more pre-flight altimeter check locations, placed on an apron and set to specified elevation rules.
82.-(1) One or more pre-flight altimeter check locations shall be established for an aerodrome. (2) A pre-flight check location shall be located on an apron to enable an altimeter check to be made prior to obtaining taxi clearance and to eliminate the need for stopping for that purpose after leaving the apron, in which case, an entire apron can serve as a satisfactory altimeter check location. (3) The elevation of a pre-flight altimeter check location shall be given as the average elevation, rounded to the nearest metre or foot, of the area on which it is located. (4) The elevation of any portion of a pre-flight altimeter check location shall be within 3 m (10 ft) of the average elevation for that location. Declared distances - 83 Verify source ↗
(1) The following distances shall be calculated to
AI-assisted research summary: Runway distances for international commercial air transport must be calculated to the nearest metre or foot, and declared distances must follow the Thirteenth Schedule and any guidelines the Authority prescribes.
83.-(1) The following distances shall be calculated to the nearest metre or foot for a runway intended for use by international commercial air transport: (a) take-off run available; (b) take-off distance available; (c) accelerate-stop distance available; and (d) landing distance available. 69 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) Declared distances shall be calculated in accordance with the Thirteenth Schedule and guidelines prescribed by the Authority. Condition of the movement area and related facilities - 84 Verify source ↗
(1)
AI-assisted research summary: Personnel who assess and report runway surface conditions must be trained and competent to meet criteria set by the Authority.
84.-(1) Information on the condition of the movement area and the operational status of related facilities shall be provided to the appropriate aeronautical information information of operational services units, and similar significance to the air traffic services units, to enable those units to provide the necessary information to arriving and departing aircraft. Such information shall be kept up to date and changes in conditions reported without delay. (2) The condition of the movement area and the operational status of related facilities shall be monitored, and reports on matters of operational significance affecting aircraft and aerodrome operations shall be provided in order to take appropriate action, particularly in respect of the following: (a) construction or maintenance work; (b) rough or broken surfaces on a runway, a taxiway or an apron; (c) water on a runway, a taxiway or an apron; (d) other contaminants on a runway, taxiway or apron such as mud, dust, sand, volcanic ash, oil and rubber; (e) other temporary hazards, including parked aircraft; (f) failure or irregular operation of part or all of the aerodrome visual aids; and (g) failure of the normal or secondary power supply. (3) To facilitate compliance with sub-regulations (1) and (2), inspections of the movement area shall be carried out each day at least once where the code number is 1 or 2 and at least twice where the code number is 3 or 4. (4) Personnel assessing and reporting runway surface conditions required in sub-regulation (2) shall be trained and competent to meet criteria set by the Authority. 70 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Water on a runway - 85 Verify source ↗
(1) Whenever water is present on a runway, a
AI-assisted research summary: When water is on a runway, the runway surface condition must be described using specified terms, and friction/wet-runway information must be shared with aerodrome users and aircraft crews.
85.-(1) Whenever water is present on a runway, a description of the runway surface conditions shall be made available using the following terms: (a) DAMP — the surface shows a change of colour due to moisture; (b) WET — the surface is soaked but there is no standing water; or (c) aeroplane STANDING WATER — for performance purposes, a runway where more than 25 per cent of the runway surface area whether in isolated areas or not within the required length and width being used is covered by water more than 3 mm deep. (2) Information on water coverage on runway or portion thereof may be slippery when wet shall be made available to ensure that aircraft crews make operational adjustments in accordance with performance requirements of their relevant flight manuals. (3) Notification shall be given to aerodrome users when the friction level of a paved runway or portion thereof is less than that specified in accordance with these Regulations. (4) Conducting of a friction characteristics evaluation programme including determining and expressing the minimum friction level shall be in accordance with Thirteenth Schedule to these Regulations. runway surface Responsib ility for removal of disabled aircraft - 86 Verify source ↗
(1) The aerodrome operator shall provide the
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must provide contact details for the aerodrome coordinator’s office responsible for removing disabled aircraft, and make that information available to aircraft operators on request.
86.-(1) The aerodrome operator shall provide the telephone number or email address of the office of the aerodrome coordinator responsible for the removal of an aircraft disabled on or adjacent to the movement area and shall, on request, make available, this information to aircraft operators. (2) Information concerning the capability to remove an aircraft disabled on or adjacent to the movement area shall be made available and such capability to remove a disabled aircraft may be expressed in terms of the largest type of aircraft which the aerodrome is equipped to remove. 71 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Informatio n on level of protection of rescue and fire fighting Visual approach slope indicator system - 87 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome operator shall provide
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must provide information about the aerodrome’s level of protection for aircraft rescue and fire fighting.
87.-(1) An aerodrome operator shall provide information concerning the level of protection provided at an aerodrome for aircraft rescue and fire fighting purposes. (2) The level of protection available at an aerodrome shall be expressed in terms of the category of the rescue and fire fighting services in accordance with the types and amounts of extinguishing agents available at the aerodrome. (3) Changes in the level of protection normally available at an aerodrome for rescue and fire fighting services including availability and quantity of extinguishing agents, equipment and personnel shall be notified to the traffic services units and aeronautical appropriate air information services units by an operator to enable those units provide the necessary information to arriving and departing aircraft. (4) When such a change has been corrected in terms of sub regulations (3) and return to normal operation, the appropriate air traffic services units and aeronautical information services units shall be notified accordingly by an operator. (5) A change shall be expressed in terms of the new category of the rescue and fire fighting service available at the aerodrome. - 88 Verify source ↗
The aerodrome operator shall make available
AI-assisted research summary: The aerodrome operator must make available information about visual approach slope indicator system installation.
88. The aerodrome operator shall make available information concerning about visual approach slope indicator system installation including: (a) associated runway designation number; (b) type of system - for an AT-VASIS, PAPI or APAPI installation, the side of the runway on which the lights are installed, i.e. left or right, shall be given; (c) where the axis of the system is not parallel to the runway centre line, the angle of displacement and the direction of displacement, i.e. left or right, shall be indicated; 72 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (d) nominal approach slope angle(s). For a T-VASIS or an AT-VASIS this shall be angle Ɵ according to the formula in Figure 5-18 and for a PAPI and an APAPI this shall be angle (B + C) ÷ 2 and (A + B) ÷ 2, respectively as in Figure 5-20; and (e) minimum eye height(s) over the threshold of the on-slope signal(s): (i) (ii) for a T-VASIS or an AT-VASIS this shall be the lowest height at which only the wing bar(s) are visible; however, the additional heights at which the wing bar(s) plus one, two or three fly-down light units come into view may also be reported if such information would be of benefit to aircraft using the approach; for a PAPI this shall be the setting angle of the third unit from the runway minus 2 minutes, i.e. angle B minus 2 minutes, and for an APAPI this shall be the setting angle of the unit farther from the runway minus 2 minutes, i.e. angle A minus 2 minutes. 73 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Coordinati on between aeronautic al informatio n services and aerodrome authorities - 89 Verify source ↗
(1) To ensure that aeronautical information
AI-assisted research summary: Aerodrome services and aeronautical information services must coordinate and share operational information quickly, including AIRAC timing and data integrity requirements.
89.-(1) To ensure that aeronautical information services units obtain information to enable them to provide up-to-date pre-flight information and to meet the need for in- flight information, arrangements shall be made between aeronautical information services and aerodrome authorities responsible for aerodrome services the responsible aeronautical information services unit, with a minimum of delay on the following: to report to (a) information on the status of certification of aerodromes and aerodrome conditions; (b) the operational status of associated facilities, services and navigation aids within their area of responsibility; and (c) any other information considered to be of operational significance. (2) Before introducing changes to the air navigation system, due account shall be the services responsible for such changes of the time needed by the preparation, information services for aeronautical production and issue of relevant material for promulgation. taken by (3) To ensure timely provision of the information to services, close coordination aeronautical between those services concerned is therefore required. information (4) A particular importance are changes to aeronautical information that affect charts or computer-based navigation systems which qualify to be notified by the aeronautical information regulation and control (AIRAC) system. (5) The predetermined, internationally agreed AIRAC effective dates in addition to 14 days postage time shall be observed by the responsible aerodrome services when submitting the raw information or data to aeronautical information services. (6) The aerodrome services responsible for the provision of raw aeronautical information or data to the aeronautical information services shall do that while taking integrity requirements for into account accuracy and aeronautical data. 74 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) PART IX WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT Applicatio n of this Part
Part
Schedule to these Regulations.
- 2 Verify source ↗
5% 2%
AI-assisted research summary: This provision is only a list of percentages and amounts.
2.5% 2% 45 m 4000 M 120 me 60 m 900 M 2% 60m 80m 150m 150m 150m 300m 300m 150m 300m 300m 30m 60m 60m 60m 60m 60m 60m 60m 60m 60m 10% 10% 10% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 1600 m 5% 2500 m 4% 3000 m - 3 Verify source ↗
33% 2.5% 3.33% 2%
AI-assisted research summary: 3.33% 2.5% 3.33% 2% 2500 M 3000 m 3000 m 3000 m 2% 3000 3000 m M
3.33% 2.5% 3.33% 2% 2500 M 3000 m 3000 m 3000 m 2% 3000 3000 m M - 2 Verify source ↗
5% 2%
AI-assisted research summary: Dimensions are measured horizontally unless stated otherwise, and some existing obstacles or strip works may be left or not adjusted if safety and aeronautical conditions are met.
2.5% 2% 3000 M 2% 118 Distance from Threshold Length Slope APPROACH Length of inner edge Distance from threshold Divergence (each side) First section Length Slope The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) a. All dimensions are measured horizontally unless specified otherwise. b. Variable length c. Distance to the end of strip. d. Or end of runway whichever is less. e. Where the code letter is F, the width is increased to 155 m. (7) Existing objects above any of the surfaces required by paragraph 4.3.1 shall as far as practicable be removed except when, in the opinion of the Authority, the object is shielded by an existing immovable object, or after aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aeroplanes. (8) (a) Due to transverse or longitudinal slopes on a strip, in certain cases the inner edge or portions of the inner edge of the corresponding elevation of the strip. the approach surface may be below (b) The strip may not have to be graded to conform with the inner edge of the approach surface or the terrain or objects which are above the approach surface, and in addition, terrain or objects which are above the approach surface beyond the end of the strip, but below the level of the strip, may not have to be removed unless it is considered that they may endanger aircraft. (9) In considering proposed construction, account shall be taken of the possible future development of an instrument runway and consequent requirement for more stringent obstacle limitation surfaces. - 138 Verify source ↗
(1) The following obstacle limitation surfaces
AI-assisted research summary: For a non-precision approach runway, specified obstacle limitation surfaces must be established and kept within the height, slope, and clearance limits stated in the section.
138.-(1) The following obstacle limitation surfaces shall be established for a non-precision approach runway: (a) conical surface; (b) inner horizontal surface; (c) approach surface; and (d) transitional surfaces. 119 Obstacle limitation requireme nts for Non- precision approach runway The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) The heights and slopes of the surfaces shall not be greater than, and their other dimensions not less than, those specified in Table 4-1, except in the case of the horizontal section of the approach surface as per section 4.2.9). (3) The approach surface shall be horizontal beyond the point at which the 2.5 per cent slope intersects: (a) a horizontal plane 150m above the threshold elevation; or (b) the horizontal plane passing through the top of any object that governs the obstacle clearance altitude or height (OCA/H), whichever is the higher (4) New objects or extensions of existing objects shall not be permitted above an approach surface within 3,000m of the inner edge or above a transitional surface except when the new object or extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object. (5) New objects or extensions of existing objects shall not be permitted above the approach surface beyond 3000m from the inner edge, the conical surface or inner horizontal surface except when the object would be shielded by an existing immovable object, or after aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety of aeroplane operations. (6) Existing objects above any of the surfaces shall as far as practicable be removed except when the object is shielded by an existing immovable object, or after aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety of aeroplane operations. - 139 Verify source ↗
(1) The following obstacle limitation surfaces
AI-assisted research summary: This section sets out which obstacle limitation surfaces must or may be established for precision approach runways, and limits heights, slopes, and objects above those surfaces.
139.-(1) The following obstacle limitation surfaces shall be established for a precision approach runway category I: (a) conical surface; (b) inner horizontal surface; (c) approach surface; and (d) transitional surfaces. 120 Obstacle limitation requireme nts for precision approach runways The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) The following obstacle limitation surfaces may be established for a precision approach runway category I: (a) inner approach surface; (b) inner transitional surfaces; and (c) balked landing surface. (3) The following obstacle limitation surfaces shall be established for a precision approach runway category II or III. (a) conical surface; (b) inner horizontal surface; (c) approach surface and inner approach surface; (d) transitional surfaces; (e) inner transitional surfaces; and (f) balked landing surface. (4) The heights and slopes of the surfaces shall not be greater than, and their other dimensions not less than, those specified in Table 4-1 of these Regulations, except in the case of the horizontal section of the approach surface as per section 4.3.7 below). (5) The approach surface shall be horizontal beyond the point at which the 2.5 per cent slope intersects: (a) a horizontal plane 150m above the threshold elevation; or (b) the horizontal plane passing through the top of any object that governs the obstacle clearance limit, whichever is the higher. (6) Fixed objects shall not be permitted above the inner approach surface, the inner approach surface, the inner transitional surface or the balked landing surface, except for frangible objects which because of their function must be located on the strip. (7) Mobile objects shall not be permitted above these surfaces during the use of the runway for landing. (8) New objects or extensions of existing objects shall not be permitted above an approach surface or a transitional surface except when, in the opinion of the Authority’s Safety Division, the new object or extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object. 121 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Obstacle limitation requireme nts for runways meant for take-off (9) New objects or extensions of existing objects shall not be permitted above the conical surface and the inner horizontal surface except when an object would be immovable object, or after shielded by an existing aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety of aeroplane operations. (10) Existing objects above an approach surface, a transitional surface, the conical surface and inner horizontal surface shall as far as practicable be removed except when an object is shielded by an existing immovable object, or after aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety aeroplane operations. - 140 Verify source ↗
(1) Take-off climb surface shall be established
AI-assisted research summary: A take-off climb surface must be established for a runway used for take-off, and new objects are generally not allowed above that surface unless the Authority considers they would be shielded by an existing immovable object.
140.-(1) Take-off climb surface shall be established for a runway meant for take-off. (2) The dimension of the surface shall be not less than the dimensions specified in Table 4-2, except that a lesser length may be adopted or the take-off climb surface length would be consistent with where such procedural measures adopted to govern the outward flight of aeroplanes. lesser (3) The operational characteristics of aeroplanes for which the runway is intended shall be examined to see if it is desirable to reduce the slope specified in Table 4-2 when critical operating conditions are to be catered to. If the specified slope is reduced, corresponding adjustment in the length of take-off climb surface shall be made so as to provide protection to a height of 300m. (4) (a) When local conditions differ widely from sea level standard atmospheric conditions, it may be advisable for the slope specified in Table 4-2 to be reduced. (b) The degree of this reduction shall depend on the divergence between local conditions and sea level standard performance atmospheric and characteristics and operational the aeroplanes for which the runway is intended. on requirements of conditions, the 122 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (5) New objects or extensions of existing objects shall not be permitted above a take-off climb surface except when, in the opinion of the Authority, the new object or extension would be shielded by an existing immovable object. (6) If no object reaches the 2 per cent (1:50) take-off climb surface, new objects shall be limited to preserve the existing obstacle free surface or a surface down to a slope of - 1 Verify source ↗
6 per cent (1:62.5)
AI-assisted research summary: Existing objects that extend above a take-off climb surface should be removed as far as practicable, unless the Authority thinks they are shielded by another immovable object or an aeronautical study shows they will not harm aeroplane safety.
1.6 per cent (1:62.5). (6) Existing objects that extend above a take-off climb surface shall as far as practicable be removed except when, in the opinion of the Authority, an object is shielded by an existing immovable object, or after aeronautical study it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety of operations of aeroplanes. Table 4-2 – Dimensions and slopes of obstacle limitation surfaces RUNWAYS MEANT FOR TAKE-OFF Surface and dimensions a (1) TAKE-OFF CLIMB Length of inner edge Distance from runway end b Divergence (each side) Final width Length Slope 1 (2) 60 m 30 m 10 % 380 m Code number 2 (3) 80 m 60 m 10% 580 m 1 600 m 5% 2 500 m 4% 3 or 4 (4) 180 m 60 m - 12
AI-assisted research summary: This provision gives measurement rules and spacing/length thresholds for aerodrome obstacle limitation surfaces and take-off climb surfaces, including when a clearway affects the surface start and when certain objects may not need removal.
12.5% 1 200 m 1800 mc 15 000 m 2% d a. All dimensions are measured horizontally unless specified otherwise. b. The take-off climb surface starts at the end of the clearway if the clearway length exceeds the specified distance. c. 1 800 m when intended track includes changes of heading greater than 15° for operations conducted in IMC, VMC by night. 123 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Constructi on above, beyond or outside the Obstacle Limitation Surface Other objects 7 (a) Due to transverse slopes on a strip, or clearway, in certain cases potions of the inner edge of the take-off climb surface may be below the corresponding elevation of the strip, or clearway. (b) The strip, or clearway may not have to be graded to conform with the inner edge of the take-off climb surface, and in addition, terrain or objects which are above the take- off climb surface beyond the end of the strip or clearway, but below the level of the strip or clearway, may not have to be removed unless it is considered that they may endanger aircraft. - 141 Verify source ↗
(1) An aerodrome operator shall establish
AI-assisted research summary: An aerodrome operator must coordinate with land use authorities about proposed construction above, beyond, or outside obstacle limitation surfaces.
141.-(1) An aerodrome operator shall establish coordination with the land use Authorities concerning proposed construction above, beyond or outside the limits of the obstacle limitation surfaces in the interest of appropriate aviation interest. (2) In areas beyond the limits of the obstacle limitation surfaces, at least those objects that extend to a height of 150 m or more above ground elevation shall be regarded as obstacles, unless a special aeronautical study indicate that they do not constitute a hazard to operations of aeroplanes. - 142 Verify source ↗
(1) Objects which do not project through the
AI-assisted research summary: Objects that could interfere with aerodrome aids or endanger aircraft should be removed as far as practicable.
142.-(1) Objects which do not project through the approach surface but which would nevertheless adversely affect the optimum siting or performance of visual or non- visual aids shall, as far as practicable, be removed. (2) Anything which may, in the opinion of the aerodrome operator, after aeronautical study, endanger aeroplanes on the movement area or in the air within the limits of the inner horizontal and conical surfaces shall be regarded as an obstacle and shall be removed in so far as practicable. (3) Objects that do not project above any of the surfaces described in these regulations, may constitute a hazard to aeroplanes as, for example, where there are one or more isolated objects in the vicinity of an aerodrome. 124 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Authorisat ion to construct within the vicinity of an aerodrome - 143 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall not construct a building or a
AI-assisted research summary: People must not build within the vicinity of an aerodrome unless authorised by the Authority.
143.-(1) A person shall not construct a building or a the vicinity of an aerodrome unless structure within authorised by the Authority. (2) Where the Authority is consulted regarding a proposed construction, the Authority shall cause an aeronautical study of the effect of the construction on operation of aircraft, to be carried out. (3) Subject to these regulations, new obstacles or extensions of existing objects may be permitted above an obstacle limitation surface of an aerodrome when in the opinion of the Authority, the new object or extension shall be shielded by an existing immovable object in accordance with the Sixth Schedule to these regulations or after an aeronautical study, it is determined that the object would not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aircraft. (4) Not withstanding any other provisions of these regulations, the Authority shall be consulted concerning proposed construction of obstacles beyond the limits of the obstacle to conduct an aeronautical study of the effect of such construction on the operation of aeroplanes. limitation surfaces in order (5) In areas beyond the limits of the obstacle limitation surfaces, all aerial masts shall be regarded as obstacles, unless a special aeronautical study indicates that they do not constitute a hazard to aeroplanes and shall have regard to the nature of operations concerned and distinguish between day and night operations. Removal of obstacle - 144 Verify source ↗
(1) A person shall remove any obstacle in the
AI-assisted research summary: People must remove obstacles near an aerodrome unless an aeronautical study shows they do not affect aircraft safety or operations; the Authority can order removal of hazardous obstacles and, if an owner misses the directed time, remove them at the owner’s cost.
144.-(1) A person shall remove any obstacle in the vicinity of aerodrome, except where, after an aeronautical study, the Authority determines that the obstacle does not adversely affect the safety or significantly affect the regularity of operations of aircraft. (2) The Authority may direct the removal of any obstacle which, in the opinion of the Authority, constitutes a hazard to aircraft operations. 125 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) Marking and lighting of obstacles (3) Where an owner fails to remove an obstacle within the time directed by the Authority, the Authority shall arrange to have the obstacle removed at the cost of the owner of that obstacle. - 145 Verify source ↗
(1) An operator shall ensure that an obstacle is
AI-assisted research summary: An operator must mark obstacles and, in some cases, light them, colour them, or use markers or flags, following Authority guidelines.
145.-(1) An operator shall ensure that an obstacle is marked and where a runway is used at night and is associated with the obstacle, that obstacle shall be lighted. (2) The markings and lights referred to in sub- regulation (1) shall be in accordance with guidelines prescribed by the Authority. (3) An operator shall, where practicable, ensure that all fixed obstacles to be marked in accordance with sub- regulation (1) are coloured as prescribed by the Authority. (4) Where the conditions required in sub-regulation (3) are not practicable, markers or flags shall be displayed on or above the fixed obstacles, except the obstacles that are sufficiently conspicuous by their shape, size or colour, which may not be marked. (5) An operator shall ensure that a mobile obstacle is coloured as prescribed by the Authority or has displayed on it or above it, a flag. (6) An obstacle lighted in accordance with sub- regulation (1) shall be indicated as low-intensity, medium- intensity or high-intensity light obstacle or a combination of these lights and shall be displayed in accordance with guidelines prescribed by the Authority (7) An obstacle in the vicinity of aerodrome which could otherwise present a hazard to aircraft shall be marked and lighted and regularly inspected by an operator to ensure safe operation of aircraft PART XII AERONAUTICAL GROUND LIGHTING Applicatio n of Part. this
Part
Schedule of these Regulations.
- 158 Verify source ↗
(1) A runway centre line marking shall be
AI-assisted research summary: Runway centre line markings must be provided on paved runways and must meet specified placement and dimension requirements.
158.-(1) A runway centre line marking shall be provided on a paved runway and it shall be located along the centre line of the runway between the runway designation markings as shown in Ninth Schedule, except when interrupted in compliance with regulation 124. 131 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (2) A runway centre line marking shall consist of a line of uniformly spaced stripes and gaps and the length of: (a) a stripe and the gap shall be not less than 50 m or more than 75 m; and (b) each stripe shall be at least equal to the length of the gap or 30 m, whichever is greater. (3) The width of the stripes shall be not less than: (a) 0.90 m on precision approach category II and III runways; (b) 0.45 m on non-precision approach runways where the code number is 3 or 4, and precision approach category I runways; and (c) 0.30 m on non-precision approach runways where the code number is 1 or 2, and on non-instrument runways. (4) The stripes of the threshold marking shall commence 6 m from the threshold as illustrated in the Ninth Schedule of these Regulations. - 159 Verify source ↗
(1) A threshold marking shall be provided at the
AI-assisted research summary: Threshold markings must be provided at specified runway thresholds, with special rules for paved, non-instrument, and unpaved runways.
159.-(1) A threshold marking shall be provided at the threshold of a paved instrument runway, and of a paved non- instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4 and the runway is intended for use by international commercial air transport. (2) A threshold marking shall be provided at the threshold of a paved non-instrument runway where the code number is 3 or 4 and the runway is intended for use by other than international commercial air transport. (3) A threshold marking shall be provided, so far as practicable, at the thresholds of an unpaved runway (4) The stripes of the threshold marking shall commence 6 m from the threshold. Threshold marking 132 The Civil Aviation (Aerodromes) Regulation, 2017 GN. No. 73 (contd.) (5) (a) A runway threshold marking shall consist of a pattern of longitudinal stripes of uniform dimensions disposed symmetrically about the centre line of a runway as shown in Figure 5-2 (A) and (B) for a runway width of 45 m. (b) The number of stripes shall be in accordance with the runway width as follows: Runway width 18 m 23 m 30 m 45 m 60 m except that on non-precision approach and non- instrument runways 45 m or greater in width, they may be as shown in Figure 5-2 (C). Number of stripes 4 6 8 12 16, (6) (a) The stripes required by sub-regulations (4) and (5) shall extend laterally to within 3 m of the edge of a runway or to a distance of 27 m on either side of a runway centre line, whichever results in the smaller lateral distance; (b) Where a runway designation marking is placed within a threshold marking there shall be a minimum of three stripes on each side of the centre line of the runway; (c)Where a runway designation marking is placed above a threshold marking, the stripes shall be continued across the runway; (d) The stripes shall be at least 30 m long and approximately 1.80 m wide with spacing of approximately
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