強制執行法

民事強制執行事務由地方法院及其分院的民事執行處辦理；執行時應公平合理，兼顧債權人、債務人及其他利害關係人權益，並採取適當方法，不得超過達成執行目的所必需的限度。

執行法院在債權人同意時，可以延緩強制執行；延緩最長不得超過三個月。

房屋或土地上的動產，原則上要點交給債務人或其代理人、家屬、受僱人；若沒有人接受，先暫時保管並通知債務人在期限內領取，逾期未領取時可以拍賣或作其他適當處置。

If a debtor refuses to hand over a document, the executing court may transfer it to the creditor or buyer and may declare the undelivered document invalid.

When a jointly owned share is auctioned for the first time, the executing court must notify the other co-owners unless it cannot notify them.

對已查封的不動產，執行法院得在債權人聲請或依職權下命付強制管理。

When compulsory management is ordered, the executing court must bar the debtor from interfering with the manager and from disposing of the property income, and must order any third party owing that income to pay the manager.

執行法院選任管理人；債權人可以推薦適當人選；執行法院也可以命管理人提供擔保，並在詢問債權人及債務人意見後決定管理人報酬。

強制管理原則上由一名管理人執行；如執行法院認為必要，可以選任數名管理人。

執行法院要指示管理人必要事項並監督其職務；管理人出租管理中的不動產時，必須書面並先取得執行法院許可。

If the manager is incompetent or manages improperly, the executing court may remove the manager from office or replace them.

管理人可因強制管理及收益而占有不動產；遇有抗拒時，可請執行法院核辦或請警察協助。

在強制執行中，若財產權依法應登記，執行法院應立即通知登記機關辦理；在特定情況下，法院也可以依債權人聲請，讓債權人代送登記，或由債務人負擔費用先辦理登記後再執行。

管理人扣除必要費用後，應把不動產收益餘額迅速交給債權人；在特定情況下，執行法院可以要求製作分配表，債權人也可以對交付數額表示異議。

管理人要定期或在業務結束後編製收支計算書，呈報執行法院，並送交債權人與債務人；債權人或債務人如有異議，得在收到後五日內向執行法院表示。

執行法院在特定情況下，應終結或撤銷不動產的強制管理。

For enforcement of immovable property, the rules on movable property enforcement apply unless this section says otherwise.

This provision says ship enforcement generally follows the rules for real property enforcement, unless this law provides otherwise, and it also applies to ships under construction.

船舶遭查封後，經債權人同意且由當事人或利害關係人聲請時，執行法院得准許船舶航行；債務人或利害關係人也可提供擔保聲請撤銷查封。

這條規定船舶拍賣、變賣與公告方式，並說明何時可以由執行法院囑託他法院處理，以及何時發給權利移轉證書。

外國船舶經中華民國法院拍賣時，船舶的優先權與抵押權依船籍國法；如對債權額或優先次序有爭議，主張優先權或抵押權的人應向執行法院聲請裁判，裁判確定前應將應受償金額提存。

航空器強制執行、查封後保管、第一次拍賣公告與通知，適用本條規定；執行法院應通知登記債權人，但不能通知的不受此限。

執行法院執行債務人對第三人的金錢債權時，應發扣押命令，禁止債務人收取或處分，並禁止第三人向債務人清償。

對特定繼續性債權的扣押命令有三分之一上限；必要時法院可放寬比例限制，但仍須保留債務人生活費用。

第三人可以在法院命令前，先把對債務人的金錢債權全部或被扣押部分提存；若在辦理相關命令前又收到扣押命令且扣押金額超過未受扣押部分，應把該債權全額支付給先扣押的執行法院；已提存或支付時，還要向執行法院說明原因。

執行法院在執行特定債權或物權請求時，可以禁止債務人處分財產、禁止第三人交付或移轉，必要時也可以命第三人把財產交給執行法院。

When enforcing a right that lets a debtor demand a third party deliver or transfer a ship or aircraft, the earlier article applies, and enforcement follows the rules for ships or aircraft.

For certain property-right enforcement actions, the enforcement court may order transfer or management and use the transfer price or management proceeds to pay the creditor.

命令送達給第三人時生效；沒有第三人時，送達給債務人時生效。若在送達前已完成扣押登記，則在登記時生效。

A third party who disputes the debtor’s claim or other property right must file a written objection with the enforcement court within 10 days after receiving the court order.

當事人或利害關係人可在強制執行程序終結前，就執行命令、執行方法、程序或其他侵害利益事項提出聲請或異議；執行法院會裁定，且不服裁定者可以抗告。

If a third party objects, the execution court must notify the creditor. If the creditor believes the objection is false, the creditor may sue within 10 days of receiving notice and must prove the filing to the execution court and inform the debtor.

If a debtor refuses to hand over a document held for a third party’s claim or other property right after the enforcement court orders delivery, the court may seize the document, announce it invalid, and issue a certificate to the creditor.

Certain debtor welfare and social insurance benefits that are needed for living are not subject to compulsory execution.

This provision says money-claim enforcement rules in this section apply when the debtor is a central or local agency, or a legal person created by law, but not when the debtor is a financial institution or a public utility unrelated to people’s basic needs.

執行法院應先對前條債務人發執行命令，要求其在30日內依執行名義履行，或把金錢交由執行法院轉給債權人。

債權人不得對債務人管有、且為推行公務所必需或移轉會違反公共利益的公用財產聲請強制執行；執行法院有疑問時，應詢問債務人意見或進行必要調查。

A debtor’s non-public property, and public property not covered by the previous article’s first paragraph, may still be subjected to compulsory execution.

If a debtor does not hand over specified movable property, the execution court may take it and give it to the creditor. If the item to be delivered is a document, seal, or similar certificate and the first method is ineffective, enforcement may proceed by analogy to the cited provisions.

如果債務人不交出被命令交付的不動產，執行法院可以解除其占有，讓債權人取得占有；債務人若之後又占有該不動產，執行法院可依聲請再執行。

Rules on execution for movables and immovables apply to the situations covered by the two preceding articles.

If deliverable movable property, real property, ships, or aircraft is in a third party’s possession, the executing court may order the debtor’s right to demand delivery from that third party be transferred to the creditor.

If a debtor fails to do an act they were ordered to do, the enforcement court may have a third party perform it at the debtor’s expense.

債務人應履行不能由他人代替的行為；不履行時，執行法院可以訂履行期間，並可處怠金，情節持續時還可再處怠金或管收。

債務人未履行執行名義所命的容忍或禁止義務時，執行法院得對其處怠金，仍不履行時還可再處怠金或管收；必要時也可應債權人聲請，費用由債務人負擔，除去其行為結果。

在債務人須依前述條文為一定行為或不行為時，執行法院可以通知有關機關提供適當協助。

執行法院在前條聲請、聲明異議或抗告有理由時，應撤銷或更正原處分或程序；在一定情形下，也可裁定停止該撤銷或更正裁定的執行。當事人不得就前項裁定再行抗告。

If a judgment or enforcement title requiring the debtor to make a declaration becomes final or is established, the debtor is treated as having made the declaration from that time.

執行法院可以在繼承財產或共有物分割案件中，將分得部分點交給各繼承人或共有人；如應以金錢補償，也可以對補償義務人的財產執行。

假扣押或假處分的執行，原則上要在裁定送達時同時或送達前進行；債權人收受裁定後超過30日，就不得聲請執行。

When a provisional attachment, provisional injunction, or interim status order has been finally revoked or changed, the execution court may, on application, cancel execution measures already carried out within that revoked or changed scope.

在法院命為假扣押或假處分時，執行法院可以依本法關於管收的規定，管收債務人或採取其他限制自由的處分。

因執行假扣押收取的金錢，以及依分配程序應分配給假扣押債權人的金額，應予提存。

When seized movable property may lose value or cost too much to keep, the executing court may auction it and deposit the sale proceeds.

對於債權或其他財產權做假扣押時，執行法院應分別發出禁止處分清償的命令。

Provisionally attached property is enforced under the rules for movables, immovables, ships, and aircraft, unless this chapter provides otherwise.

在執行假處分裁定選任管理人管理系爭物時，執行法院應使管理人占有該物。

If a provisional disposition ruling orders or prohibits a debtor from doing an act, the executing court must serve the ruling on the debtor.

執行法院應揭示禁止債務人設定、移轉或變更不動產上權利的假處分裁定。

債務人可以在強制執行程序終結前，向執行法院提起異議之訴；在特定情況下，也可以主張執行名義成立前或前訴訟言詞辯論終結後發生的事實。

債務人可在強制執行程序終結前，對債權人提起異議之訴；債權人若其強制執行聲請被裁定駁回，可在裁定送達後10日內對債務人提起許可執行之訴。

假處分的執行，除前三條外，準用關於假扣押、金錢請求權，以及行為、不行為請求權執行的規定。

本法施行前已開始的強制執行案件，要依本法規定的程序，按進行程度終結；已進行的部分仍然有效。

This provision says the law takes effect on the date it is promulgated.

第三人如果對執行標的物有足以排除強制執行的權利，可以在強制執行程序終結前，向執行法院對債權人提起異議之訴；如果債務人也否認該權利，還可以把債務人列為被告。

債務人或第三人可以就強制執行事件提起異議之訴；執行法院也可要求另行起訴，或在債權人同意後撤銷強制執行。

如果執行法院發現債權人申報的財產其實不是債務人的，法院應命債權人重新查報；若是在強制執行開始後才發現，法院應撤銷該執行處分。

強制執行程序開始後，原則上不停止執行；法院在特定聲請或救濟程序進行時，得在必要時或依聲請並提供適當且確實的擔保，裁定停止強制執行。

執行法院在強制執行案件中，認為有必要時，可以命債權人報告，或自行調查；也可以向稅捐及其他相關機關、團體或知悉債務人財產的人調查債務人財產狀況。

民事執行處置法官、司法事務官、書記官及執達員應辦理執行事務。

執行法院在特定情況下可命債務人如實申報財產，並可要求提供擔保、限期履行，嚴重時還可管收。

If a debtor fails to appear without a valid reason after lawful notice, or there is reason to fear they may flee, the enforcement court may bring the debtor in. A judicial officer may request that step, may question the debtor immediately after they are brought in, and must then submit a written report to the court.

拘提要用拘票；拘票由執行法官簽名，並記載指定事項。

拘提由執達員執行。

The execution court may require a debtor to provide security or perform by a deadline, restrict the debtor’s residence, order seizure, and order detention in specified enforcement situations.

管收票應記載列明事項，並由執行法官簽名。

執達員要把應管收人送交管收所；管收所所長驗收後，還要在管收票上記下送到的年月日時並簽名。

債務人在特定情形下不得被管收；如果這些情形是在管收後才發生，應停止管收。

A person under custody must be released immediately if any listed release condition is met.

This provision says that arrests and custody measures follow the Criminal Procedure Code rules on arrest and detention, unless this Act specifically provides otherwise.

執行法院可以允許有資產的人以保證書代替債務人提供的擔保；如果保證書已載明特定情況與責任，法院還可以在債權人聲請下直接對保證書人強制執行。

管收期限不得超過三個月；如有新的管收原因，仍可對債務人再行管收一次。

債務人必須履行債務；即使被管收，這項義務也不會消失。

The establishment and management of detention facilities must be prescribed by law.

When the debtor has no property for compulsory execution, or the execution proceeds but still does not fully satisfy the debt, the court must order the creditor to report the debtor’s property within one month.

強制執行費用原則上由債務人負擔必要部分，並與強制執行債權同時收取；執行法院也可以命債權人先代為預納。

If enforcement cannot proceed because one of the listed situations occurs, the enforcement court may dismiss the enforcement application and, once that ruling is final, revoke enforcement measures already taken.

This provision sets execution-fee rules for civil enforcement cases, including when fees are waived, how fees are calculated, and special cases with no separate charge.

Certain enforcement cases require a NT$1,000 execution fee, unless the calculated fee under the prior article is lower; one case is exempt, and any shortfall must be collected later.

債權人就強制執行支出的、可向債務人求償的費用，可以向執行法院聲請確定金額；這些費用及其他為債權人共同利益支出的費用，也可以在強制執行財產上先受清償。

For forced execution matters, a judge or judicial affairs officer orders the clerk to supervise the bailiff. Matters this law assigns to a judge may also be handled by a judicial affairs officer, except arrest and custody.

執行人員遇到抗拒時，可以使用強制力，但不得超過必要程度；在需要防止抗拒或其他必要情形下，也可以請警察或相關機關協助。

When a judgment used for enforcement is changed or revoked, the court may order the creditor to repay the enforcement costs on the debtor’s application. The same rule also applies when a non-judgment enforcement title is revoked.

Enforcement procedure rules generally follow the Code of Civil Procedure, except where this Act provides otherwise.

When execution proceeds are distributed among multiple creditors, the execution court must prepare a distribution table, set a distribution date, deliver copies to the debtor and each creditor five days before that date, and make the table available for inspection at the civil execution office.

Other creditors who want to join a distribution must make a written statement by the day before the relevant auction, sale, handover, or, if there is no auction/sale, by the day before the distribution table is prepared.

If another creditor later applies to enforce against a debtor’s property that is already under enforcement, the enforcement procedures must be combined and handled under the previous two articles.

執行人員在強制執行時，若發現財產已由行政執行機關查封，不得再查封；案件與卷宗應依情形在執行法院與行政執行機關間移送合併或續辦，並通知債權人。

行政執行機關不得再查封已由執行法院查封的財產。

參與執行分配的債權人，通常要提出執行名義或權利證明文件；執行法院知道相關債權人時，也要通知他們。

政府機關在符合條件時，得提出證明文件，聲明參與分配。

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在實行分配時，書記官應作成分配筆錄。

參與分配的債權人，除依法優先受償者外，應按債權額數平均分配。

債權人或債務人若不同意分配表上的債權或分配金額，必須在分配期日一日前向執行法院提出書狀聲明異議。

強制執行只能依列舉的執行名義進行；若執行名義附有條件、期限或須先提供擔保，或屬對待給付，須先符合相應條件才能開始執行。

外國法院確定判決要在中華民國強制執行，必須先符合民事訴訟法第四百零二條的限制條件，並經中華民國法院判決許可。

If the enforceable title is a final judgment, it is effective not only against the parties but also against specified successors and certain possessors of the claimed object.

執行法院在特定情況下應更正分配表並進行分配；如異議尚未結束，則先分配無異議部分。

更正後的分配表要送達給未到場的債務人和有利害關係的債權人；收到後三日內不表示反對的，視為同意依更正分配表分配。

異議未終結的債權人或債務人，可以向執行法院提起分配表異議之訴；但如果已就同一事由先提起其他訴訟，就不用再起訴。

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Movable property is enforced by seizure, auction, or sale.

查封動產時，由執行法官命書記官督同執達員進行；必要時，執行法官可以請相關機關、團體或專業人士協助。

執行人員查封動產時，應實施占有；如將查封物交付保管，應以標封、烙印或火漆印，或其他足以公示查封的方法辦理。

When property is seized, the premises where the debtor lives, works, stores goods, or keeps hidden items may be inspected and opened. If the debtor is absent, family members or nearby capable persons should be required to attend, and police may be asked to attend if necessary.

This provision is deleted.

債權人聲請強制執行時，應以書狀向執行法院提出並載明法定事項；強制執行開始後債務人死亡者，程序得續行，且在特定情形下執行法院得選任特別代理人。

If an enforcement title requires the debtor to pay in installments, the enforcement court may continue enforcement when each installment falls due and the creditor applies.

A creditor with an execution title who restrains the debtor’s freedom or takes the debtor’s property and asks the court to handle it is dealt with under the Act’s enforcement procedure. If the creditor has not yet applied for compulsory execution, the request is treated as such an application.

Only movables whose value is enough to cover the compulsory-execution claim amount and the debtor’s payable expenses may be seized.

If selling attached movable property would leave no surplus after priority claims and enforcement costs, the enforcement court must not attach it; if there would still be no surplus after paying priority claims and costs, the court must revoke the attachment and return the property to the debtor.

After a seizure is implemented, the debtor’s transfers, encumbrances, or other harmful acts regarding the seized property have no effect against the creditor, and the execution court may remove unauthorized third-party possession or other harmful acts.

查封時，應保留債務人及其共同生活親屬兩個月生活所必需的食物、燃料及金錢；執行法官在審核家庭狀況後，得調整期間，但不得少於一個月或超過三個月。

Certain listed debtor-owned or debtor-family items cannot be seized, but the enforcement court may seize all or part of them if fairness and circumstances justify it, including with the debtor’s consent.

查封時，書記官要製作查封筆錄和查封物品清單；查封人員要在筆錄上簽名。

在星期日、其他休息日、日出前或日沒後，原則上不得進入有人居住的住宅進行查封；有急迫情事並經執行法官許可者，不在此限。

書記官、執達員在查封時如果發現債務人的動產已因其他案件被查封，應儘速把查封原因報告執行法官。

查封後，執行法官應儘快 تعیین拍賣期日；查封到拍賣之間原則上至少要留7日，拍賣期日也不得超過1個月。

查封後，債務人可在拍定前提出現款並聲請撤銷查封；拍定後到拍賣物所有權移轉前，債權人若撤回強制執行聲請，應先取得拍定人同意。

Seized movable property must be stored at the court-designated place or with an appropriate custodian; in some cases the creditor or debtor may serve as custodian.

If seized securities require a rights-exercise or preservation act within a set period, the executing court must perform that act for the debtor when the period starts.

查封未與土地分離的天然孳息，須等收穫期屆至後才能拍賣；若在分離前拍賣，買受人自行負擔採收費用。

申請強制執行時，債權人要依聲請類型提出指定的證明文件；如果文件沒提出，執行法院原則上應調閱卷宗，但非原第一審法院受聲請時例外。

查封物原則上應公開拍賣；在列明情形下，執行法院可以不經拍賣程序直接變賣。

對於已查封的有價證券，執行法院在認為適當時，可以不經拍賣程序處理。

Movable property auctions are conducted by order of the execution judge, with the clerk and bailiff involved, at the execution court or where the movable property is located.

If the seized property is valuable and its price is hard to determine, the executing court must order an appraiser to appraise it.

執行法院應通知債權人和債務人到場參與拍賣；如果無法通知或到期未到場，拍賣不會因此停止。

執行法院拍賣動產時，應先公告，並載明法定事項。

拍賣公告應在執行法院、動產所在地的鄉鎮市（區）公所或拍賣場所揭示；必要時或依債權人、債務人聲請，也可以公告於法院網站，法院還可命登載於公報或新聞紙。

An auction should be held five days after the announcement, unless the item’s nature requires a prompt auction.

This provision is deleted.

拍賣物在價金繳足時才交付。

執行法院在有價證券拍賣後，可以代債務人辦理背書或變更名義等必要事項，並要載明其意旨。

If the successful bidder does not pay the full price, the enforcement court must hold a new auction; the original successful bidder may not bid again; and if the new auction price is lower, the original successful bidder must cover the difference.

Auction buyers do not have a warranty claim for defects in the sold item.

強制執行由特定法院管轄；若標的物所在地或執行地不明，改由債務人所在地法院管轄。

執行法院在拍賣前可先定底價，必要時也可定保證金並要求應買人先繳；未繳者應買無效。

拍賣物沒有人買時，執行法院應先作價交由債權人承受；若債權人不願承受或依法不能承受，法院應撤銷查封並把拍賣物返還債務人。

當拍賣所得足以清償強制執行的債權額與債務人應負擔的費用時，拍賣應立即停止。

拍賣結束後，書記官要製作拍賣筆錄，記載指定事項；該筆錄並應由執行拍賣人簽名。

After auction sale proceeds are used to pay compulsory enforcement costs, the remaining amount must be paid to the creditor; any excess over the creditor’s execution costs and recoverable claim amount must be paid to the debtor.

執行法院在符合條件時，得把應拍賣的動產和不動產合併拍賣。

This provision sets the steps for seizing real property, requires notification to the registration authority for registered property, and allows the listed methods to be used together when necessary.

查封時，書記官要製作查封筆錄，並記載指定事項；查封人員、保管人，以及到場的特定人員都要在筆錄上簽名。

執行法官或書記官為調查時，得進入不動產、訊問債務人或第三人、命提出文書，也可向警察等機關團體調查；受調查者不得拒絕。

查封的不動產如果由債務人保管，債務人仍可照原來方式管理或使用；如果由債務人以外的人保管，執行法院可以在必要範圍內允許債務人管理或使用。

執行法院可以把查封不動產的保管或管理交給相關機關、自治團體、商業團體、工業團體或其他團體辦理。

當對強制執行事項或範圍有疑義時，執行法院應調閱卷宗；如卷宗為他法院所需，則應自行製作繕本或節本，或囑託他法院移送繕本或節本。

拍賣不動產時，執行法院應命鑑定人估定該不動產價格；經核定後，該價格成為拍賣最低價額。

If a real estate auction’s minimum price cannot cover preferred claims and enforcement costs, the execution court must notify the creditor, and the creditor may act within 7 days. If no action is taken, the court must revoke the seizure and return the property to the debtor.

執行法院在拍賣不動產前，應先公告，並在公告中載明法定事項。

Auction date must be at least 14 days after the announcement date.

拍賣不動產時，由執行法官命書記官督同執達員辦理，地點可在執行法院或其他場所。

法院應將拍賣公告揭示並公告在指定地點與法院網站；必要時，法院也可以命其登載於公報或新聞紙。

執行法院在拍賣不動產時，得依債權人或債務人聲請，或依職權，採投標方式進行。

以投標方式拍賣不動產時，執行法院可以定保證金額，並可命投標人在開標前繳納。

投標人必須將書件密封後投入執行法院設置的標匭；書件還必須載明投標人姓名、年齡、住址、欲購買的不動產及出價。

執行法官應當眾開示開標內容，並朗讀。

If a bid should have a security deposit but it is not paid as required, the bid is invalid.

在開始強制執行前，原則上不必傳訊當事人。

出價最高者相同時，以現場加價最高者得標；若沒有人再加價，就以抽籤決定。得標人未在公告期限內繳足價金的，將再行拍賣，但未中籤的投標人若仍願依原投標條件依法承買，不受此限制。

拍賣不動產若無人應買、最高價低於最低價，且到場債權人在拍賣結束前表示願意承受，執行法院應以該次拍賣最低價將不動產交由債權人承受並發給權利移轉證書。

If a re-auction has no buyer, or the highest bid is still below the reduced minimum auction price, the previous article applies. Any further reduction in the re-auction may not exceed 20% of the reduced minimum auction price.

The reauction date must be set between 10 and 30 days after the announcement date.

If more than one creditor wants to take the property, the choice is made by lot. If the successful creditor must pay more than their distributable share, the execution court must set a deadline for paying the difference and then issue the transfer certificate; if they miss the deadline, the property is auctioned again.

對二次減價拍賣仍未拍定的不動產，執行法院應在十日內公告；有意買受者可在公告後三個月內按原拍賣條件表示應買。

If the sale of one or more immovable properties is enough to cover the enforcement claim and the debtor’s costs, the remaining property should stop being auctioned. The debtor may choose which part of the property is auctioned, but a building and its land base may not be designated separately.

拍賣的不動產在買受人繳足價金後，執行法院應發給權利移轉證書及其他書據。

In an auction of immovable property, the buyer gets ownership when the enforcement court issues the rights transfer certificate; some existing rights transfer with the property, but mortgages and other priority claims are generally extinguished.

執行法院在特定情況下，應解除不動產占有並交付給買受人或承受人；遇拒絕交出等情形時，得請警察協助，且該執行程序應徵執行費。

Chapter 1 is titled “General Provisions.”

This chapter concerns enforcement against immovable property.

This section heading concerns enforcement against ships and aircraft.

Section heading: Execution against other property rights.

This section concerns enforcement against the property of public legal persons.

This chapter concerns how to enforce a claim for delivery of an object.

This chapter concerns enforcement of claims relating to acts and omissions.

This chapter concerns execution of provisional seizure and provisional injunction.

This is Chapter 6, titled "Supplementary Provisions."

Chapter heading: enforcement of monetary claims.

Section 1 is titled “Participation in distribution.”

This is a chapter heading for rules on enforcement against movable property.