銀行法

This law is enacted to regulate banking business, protect depositors, support industrial development, and align bank credit with national financial policy.

本條定義「信託資金」：銀行以受託人地位收受信託款項，並依信託契約約定條件，為信託人指定的受益人利益而經營。

This provision defines “trust investment company” and gives the central competent authority power to set its management rules.

信託投資公司得經營列舉的多項業務；另經中央主管機關核准後，得以非信託資金辦理特定直接投資。

信託投資公司經營證券承銷或證券自營業務時，至少應提撥相當於上年度淨值10%的專款經營；未動用時可用現金保管、存放於其他金融機構或購買政府債券。

信託投資公司 must 把現金或中央銀行認可的有價證券繳存中央銀行，作為信託資金準備；相關比率由中央銀行在15%至20%間定，且繳存總額最低不得少於實收資本總額的20%。

信託投資公司在收受、經理或運用信託資金及經營信託財產時，應與信託人訂立信託契約，並載明指定事項。

信託投資公司在受託經理信託資金或信託資產時，應盡善良管理人之注意。

A trust investment company’s management must be handled by finance personnel with specialized knowledge and experience, and assisted by qualified legal, accounting, and other needed technical staff.

信託投資公司因違法、違反信託契約，或其他可歸責事由致信託人受損時，應負責的董事與主管人員要和公司連帶賠償損害。

信託投資公司原則上不得做出列舉的信託財產交易，但符合例外時不受限制。

信託投資公司在尚未依信託契約開始營運，或收回營運後尚未再次營運前，必須將各信託戶資金存放於商業銀行或專業銀行。

本條定義「金融債券」為銀行依本法相關規定，報經主管機關核准後發行的債券。

信託投資公司得經營特定信託資金；就由公司確定用途的信託資金，可約定由公司負責賠償本金損失。

信託投資公司必須就每一信託戶及每種信託資金設立專帳，並將自有財產與受託財產分別記帳；不得流用，也不得為信託資金借入項款。

信託投資公司之債權人不得對信託財產請求扣押，或行使其他權利。

信託投資公司必須設立信託財產評審委員會，並每三個月評審各信託戶的信託財產，將每一信託帳戶的審查結果報告董事會。

信託投資公司必須依信託契約和中央主管機關規定，分別向每一信託人及中央主管機關作定期會計報告。

信託投資公司募集共同信託基金前，須先擬具發行計畫並報請中央主管機關核准；相關管理辦法由中央主管機關訂定。

Articles 74 to 76 apply to trust investment companies, except for businesses approved by the competent authority under Article 101(2).

This provision defines “foreign bank” for this Act.

外國銀行在中華民國境內設立，須先經主管機關許可並辦理登記，取得營業執照後才可營業；設置代表人辦事處也要先經主管機關核准。

中央主管機關可以依國際貿易及工業發展需要，指定外國銀行可設立的地區。

This provision is deleted.

This provision defines “擔保授信” as bank credit secured by one of several listed forms of collateral or guarantee.

銀行辦理自用住宅放款、消費性放款，原則上不得要求借款人提供連帶保證人或保證人；若已取得足額擔保，也不得再要求保證人。

For guarantees taken for home mortgage loans or consumer loans, the guarantee contract’s effective period may not exceed 15 years, unless the guarantor agrees in writing.

外國銀行應將其在中華民國境內營業所用的資金專門撥用，並適用第23條與第24條的規定。

Foreign banks may conduct only the business scope set by the competent authority after consulting the Central Bank; foreign-exchange-related business also needs Central Bank permission.

Foreign banks must use the Republic of China currency for receipts and payments, unless the Central Bank has permitted them to accept foreign-currency deposits.

Foreign banks must apply the rules in Chapters 1 to 3 and Chapter 6.

Deleted.

違反前條規定、未經主管機關許可擅自經營相關金融資訊服務者，會被處以徒刑並得併科罰金；若犯罪所得達新臺幣一億元以上，刑度與罰金更重。法人犯罪時，處罰其行為負責人。

Anyone who spreads rumors or uses deceit to harm the credit of specified banks or financial service businesses may be imprisoned for up to 5 years and fined up to NT$10 million.

Bank officers and employees who abuse their duties to benefit themselves or others, or to վնաս the bank, commit an offence and face imprisonment and fines; attempts, joint commission, and certain foreign-bank or money-market institution personnel are also covered.

Using fraud or improper computer inputs to make a bank transfer property, create false property-right records, or obtain unlawful property benefits is punishable, with attempted acts also punishable.

犯特定罪名者，若自首或在偵查中自白並繳交全部犯罪所得，可減輕、免除或部分減輕刑罰；若犯罪所得超過罰金最高額，或損及金融市場穩定，還可能加重罰金或刑度。

銀行在特定條件下可以聲請法院撤銷銀行負責人、職員或行為人的財產行為，並可一併請求受益人或轉得人回復原狀。

This provision is deleted.

以竊取、毀壞或其他非法方法危害相關金融資訊服務核心系統者，處徒刑並可併科罰金；若意圖危害國安或社會安定而犯前項罪，刑度更重，且未遂也處罰。

This provision criminalizes damaging the normal operation of certain financial information service systems, making special attack software for that purpose, and punishes attempts.

公司如果違反依第三十條所作的承諾，參與決定該違反行為的董事和行為人可能受刑罰。

Violations of Article 35 are punishable by up to 3 years’ imprisonment, detention, or a fine up to NT$5 million; if another law prescribes a heavier penalty, that law applies.

銀行或外國銀行違反列明規定時，相關行為負責人會被處罰；部分情形還有較重的罰金或罰鍰。

In specified bank supervision or wind-up situations, responsible persons and bank officers must not obstruct handover, hide or destroy records or assets, give false answers, or fabricate debts; violations can lead to imprisonment and a fine.

This provision is deleted.

法人的負責人、代理人、受雇人或其他職員，因執行業務違反第125條至第127條之2之一者，除了依各該條處罰行為人外，法人也會被科以各該條的罰鍰或罰金；前項規定對外國銀行也準用。

Violating Article 20, paragraph 3 is punishable by up to three years’ imprisonment, detention, or a fine of up to NT$5 million, and if a corporation commits the offense, its responsible person is punished.

This provision sets fines for several banking and financial-service violations, including failure to report, participating in prohibited decisions, unapproved shareholding, obstructing inspections, unauthorized business suspension, and unlawful disclosure.

A person who commits any of the listed violations is subject to an administrative fine of NT$2 million to NT$50 million.

主管機關可檢查銀行或相關人員的業務、財務及其他事項，並可要求限期提報資料；不配合、造假或逾期者，會被處罰鍰。

Bank responsible persons who violate Article 44-2(1) by not submitting on time or not faithfully carrying out a capital reconstruction or other improvement plan may be fined.

This provision defines “unsecured credit” as credit that does not have any of the securities listed in Article 12.

Anyone who does any of the listed lending, investment, fund-use, or related rule violations is subject to an administrative fine of NT$1 million to NT$20 million.

This provision imposes an administrative fine of NT$500,000 to NT$10,000,000 for a range of listed banking-related violations.

A person who violates mandatory or prohibitory rules in this Act or an authorized order, or fails to perform a required act, may be fined NT$500,000 to NT$10,000,000 unless a separate fine provision in the Act applies.

This provision says the fine recipient is the bank or its branch, and after being fined they must seek compensation from the responsible person.

For conduct punishable under this law, minor cases may be exempted from punishment, or the person may first be ordered to fix it within a deadline.

This provision says the competent authority imposes fines under the Act, except certain fines are imposed by the Central Bank and the Central Bank must notify the competent authority.

罰鍰逾期不繳，會自逾期日起按日加收百分之一滯納金；逾三十日仍不繳，主管機關得令該銀行或分行停業。

銀行或受罰人受罰鍰後，若在主管機關指定期限內仍未改善，主管機關可以按次再處罰；情節重大時，還可以解除負責人職務或廢止許可。

犯罪所得原則上要沒收，但應先發還被害人或可請求損害賠償的人。

If a person convicted under this law cannot pay a very large fine, the unpaid amount may be converted into labor service for a limited period.

Articles 133, 135, and 136 apply to institutions operating credit card business.

施行前未經申請許可領取營業執照的銀行，或其他經營存放款業務的類似銀行機構，必須在中央主管機關指定期限內，依本法補辦設立程序。

本法公布施行後，對於現有銀行或類似銀行機構中不符合本法規定的種類及任務，中央主管機關應指定期限，命其調整。

法院在審理違反本法的犯罪案件時，可以設立專業法庭或指定專人處理。

依其他法律設立的銀行或其他金融機構，原則上適用本法；但若各該法律另有規定，從其規定。前項其他金融機構的管理辦法由行政院訂定。

本法的施行細則由中央主管機關訂定。

This provision defines “medium- and long-term installment repayment loans.”

本法自公布日施行；其中修正公布的第四十二條施行日期由行政院 تعیین，另有一部分修正條文自中華民國九十五年七月一日施行。

This provision defines several terms related to commercial paper, including commercial paper itself, commercial acceptance bills, bank acceptance bills, and discounting.

This provision defines a letter of credit as a document issued by a bank at a customer’s request, authorizing a named beneficiary to draw bills or other instruments up to a specified amount after meeting agreed conditions.

（刪除）

This provision defines “bank responsible person” as a person who is required to be responsible under company law, other laws, or the organization’s charter.

The competent authority for this Act is the Financial Supervisory Commission.

This provision defines “bank” as an institution organized and registered under this law that operates banking business.

Banks must state their type or specialty in their name, unless they are government-established. Non-banks must not use the listed bank names or names that could make people think they are banks.

銀行及其分支機構在完成第二章所定的設立程序前，不得開始營業。

銀行不得經營未經中央主管機關核定的業務。

為促進普惠金融及金融科技發展，不限於銀行者可依規定申請銀行業務創新實驗；在主管機關核准的期間與範圍內，該創新實驗得不適用本法規定。

The central competent authority sets and adjusts the minimum capital for banks by region, considering local population, economic development, and bank type. Banks below the adjusted minimum must increase capital within a set deadline, or their permit is revoked.

Bank capital must be calculated in national currency.

持有銀行有表決權股份達一定比率時，須向主管機關申報或事先申請核准；超過的股份可能沒有表決權，且可被命限期處分。

This provision defines “same person” and “same related person,” and sets rules for excluding certain shares from the bank shareholding calculation.

中央主管機關可以在特定區域內，視國內經濟與金融情形，限制銀行或其分支機構的增設。

銀行在國外設立分支機構前，須先由中央主管機關在洽商中央銀行後核准辦理。

銀行辦理信託或證券業務時，營業、會計與營運資金要獨立，並受主管機關規範與核准；相關人員還要對客戶往來與交易資料保密。

非銀行原則上不得經營收受存款、受託經理信託資金、公眾財產或辦理國內外匯兌業務，但法律另有規定者除外。

某些以借款、收受投資、招募股東等名義，向多數人或不特定人收款並約定或給付與本金明顯不相當報酬的行為，視為收受存款。

Banks may carry on the listed banking businesses, including deposits, lending, foreign exchange, guarantees, securities activities, custody, and other related businesses approved by the central competent authority.

在符合條件時，銀行可以免辦或延後辦理抵押權登記或動產占有移轉；但如銀行認為必要，債務人仍須在銀行指定期限內補辦。

銀行在開發信用狀或承兌商業匯票時，與客戶之權利義務由契約約定；如需客戶提供擔保，該擔保依第十二條規定處理。

Banks may not make unsecured loans to specified related parties and businesses above the stated ownership threshold, except for consumer loans and government loans.

銀行對特定關係企業和關係人辦理擔保授信時，必須提供十足擔保，且條件不得優於其他同類授信；若授信金額達主管機關規定標準，還要經董事會特別表決通過。

This provision defines who counts as a “related person” for the earlier articles, based on family ties, business ownership, shareholding over 10%, management roles, or acting as a representative/manager.

銀行不得對其往來銀行負責人、主要股東，或該負責人所任職的企業提供無擔保授信；若是擔保授信，則要依第三十三條辦理。

The authority may restrict a bank’s lending or other transactions involving the same person, related person, or related enterprise, and the authority sets the applicable limits and rules.

If certain listed credit borrowers use another person’s name to apply for a bank loan, the earlier rules still apply. Loan funds used by the nominee, or transferred to the nominee’s ownership, are treated as that nominee applying for the loan.

When calculating a bank’s investment amount in a business, certain related investments must be counted together.

Banks must not attract deposits using subsidies, gifts, or other benefits beyond the prescribed interest rate. An exception applies to bonuses paid to trust funds under the agreement.

銀行辦理授信時，應訂定合理定價，並不得以不合理定價招攬或從事授信業務。

銀行負責人及職員不得向存戶、借款人或其他顧客收受佣金、酬金或其他不當利益。

銀行負責人及職員原則上不得兼任其他銀行任何職務；但因投資關係且經中央主管機關核准者，可以兼任被投資銀行的董事或監察人。

主管機關訂定銀行負責人的資格、兼職、利益衝突及其他遵守事項標準；不符資格時應解任，違反兼職或利益衝突限制時可先限期改善，逾期無正當理由未改正的也要解任。

中央主管機關在必要時、並經洽商中央銀行後，可以限制銀行無擔保放款或保證，也可以訂定銀行資產、負債比率標準；不符合標準的銀行，還可能被限制分配盈餘。

Banks must set the loan value of pledged or mortgaged property based on current value, depreciation, and salability. The central bank may choose certain collateral types and set a maximum loan rate when needed for credit control.

銀行可以辦理購屋或建屋的中、長期放款，但最長不得超過三十年；無自用住宅者購買自用住宅的放款不受這個期限限制。

銀行可以對個人購買耐久消費品辦理中期放款，也可以對買受人簽發、並經承銷商背書的本票辦理貼現。

Banks may conduct business items approved by the central competent authority within the Act’s scope, and foreign exchange business needs Central Bank permission.

前二條放款可適用中、長期分期償還方式；必要時，中央銀行可規定並管理其付現條件與信用期限。

銀行利率應以年率表示，並在營業場所揭示。

Banks must maintain required reserves for deposits and other liabilities at the ratio set by the Central Bank.

（刪除）

中央銀行經洽商中央主管機關後，可以隨時規定銀行流動資產與負債比率的最低標準；未達標準時，中央主管機關應通知限期調整。

Banks must keep their capital ratio at or above the required level, including on a consolidated basis when required by the competent authority.

銀行在資本不足、顯著不足或嚴重不足時，不得以現金分配盈餘或買回股份；在資本適足但可能因此降級時，也不得這樣做。第一款情形下的銀行，還不得對負責人發放報酬以外的給付，但經主管機關核准者例外。

主管機關 must 依銀行資本等級採取一項或多項監理措施，並可對資本不足、顯著不足或嚴重不足的銀行命令限期提出改善計畫、限制業務與資產處分、派員監管，或要求更嚴格措施。

中央主管機關可以檢查銀行或其他關係人的業務與財務，並可要求其在期限內如實提出報告與資料。

Banks must establish internal control, internal audit, and related internal procedures for specified activities; the competent authority sets the detailed rules.

銀行必須加強營業場所、金庫、保管箱、ATM 和運鈔業務的安全維護；對存款帳戶負善良管理人責任，且對疑似不法或顯屬異常交易帳戶可以暫停存入、提領或匯出款項。

政府或銀行得為保障存款人利益，設立存款保險組織。

Banks may adopt bylaws and establish an interbank lending organization for mutual liquidity adjustment and to improve monetary credit efficiency.

經營貨幣市場業務或信用卡業務的機構，須先取得中央主管機關許可；相關管理辦法由中央主管機關會商中央銀行訂定。

經營貨幣市場業務的機構，適用本條所列各條規定。

經營特定金融資訊服務事業前，原則上要先取得主管機關許可；若涉及大額資金移轉帳務清算，還要再取得中央銀行許可。

銀行原則上不得接受第三人要求停止給付存款或匯款、扣留擔保物或保管物；並且必須對客戶的存款、放款、匯款等資料保密，除非符合法定例外。

銀行每年營業年度終了要編製年報，並在法定期限內向主管機關及中央銀行報備、公告財務報表等資料，且公告資料要經會計師查核簽證。

銀行依本法辦理授信時，貸款期限一年以內屬短期信用，超過一年且在七年以內屬中期信用，超過七年屬長期信用。

本條定義「收受存款」為向不特定多數人收取款項或吸收資金，並約定返還本金或給付相當於或高於本金的行為。

This provision defines “授信” as bank lending and related credit business items, including loans, overdrafts, discounts, guarantees, acceptances, and other items designated by the central competent authority.

銀行分派盈餘前，應先提列 30% 作為法定盈餘公積；在法定盈餘公積未達資本總額前，現金盈餘分配上限為資本總額的 15%。

銀行的營業時間和休假日，可以由中央主管機關規定並公告。

Banks must set aside funds exclusively for financial research, training, and development. The banking trade association must draft the allocation and management rules and submit them for approval by the competent authority.

政府或其授權機構可依互惠原則，與外國政府、機構或國際組織簽訂合作條約、協定或協議，處理資訊交換、技術合作與協助調查。

銀行通常必須採股份有限公司組織，且股票應公開發行；但法律另有規定、原已專案核准，或經主管機關許可者，不受部分限制。

Anyone setting up a bank must state the listed items and apply to the central competent authority for permission.

經許可設立的銀行，須先依公司法設立公司，並在資本全額收足且完成公司登記後，連同指定文件向主管機關申請營業執照；非公司組織的銀行在許可設立後，可逕行申請營業執照。

When a bank starts business, it must post the matters shown on the business license at the bank and its branch locations.

中央主管機關在核發營業執照後，如發現原申請事項有重大虛偽情事，應立即撤銷許可。

銀行增設、遷移或裁撤分支機構，及某些場所或自動化服務設備時，通常要先向中央主管機關申請；等候期間內不得先做申請事項。

銀行合併或變更特定申報事項前，應先取得中央主管機關許可，並辦理公司變更登記及換發營業執照；換發後十五日內，還要在本行及分支機構所在地公告。

銀行違反前條第一項規定時，主管機關應命其限期補正；逾期未補正且情節重大者，主管機關得勒令停業。

This provision defines “支票存款” as a deposit that can be withdrawn at any time without interest, based on the depositor’s issued checks or by using automated equipment for payment.

（刪除）

銀行經股東會決議解散時，應提出理由、股東會紀錄與清償債務計畫，向主管機關申請核准後才能進行清算；主管機關核准解散時，應即撤銷許可。

銀行違反法令、章程或有礙健全經營時，主管機關可以糾正銀行、命其限期改善，並可視情節作出多種處分。

銀行在財務惡化、無法清償債務或可能損及存款人利益時，主管機關應接管、停業清理或採取其他必要措施。

銀行被主管機關接管或勒令停業清理時，股東會、董事會、董事、監察人或審計委員會的職權停止；主管機關也可限制相關人員財產處分並請求限制出國。

銀行被主管機關派員接管時，接管人取得經營與財產管理處分權；銀行負責人或職員必須交付帳冊文件並配合接管，且接管人聲請假扣押或假處分時可免提供擔保。

接管人處理受接管銀行的特定事項前，須先擬具具體方案並報主管機關核准；受接管銀行也要負擔接管人為維持營運和執行職務所生的必要費用與債務。

本條規定銀行、金融機構等在受讓營業資產、與受接管銀行合併或受託經營時的特別程序與多項免除。

主管機關要指定清理人處理銀行清理，並可派員監督。

清理人就任後，必須公告並催告債權人申報；期限屆滿後三個月內要完成財產查明、製作表冊與清理計畫並報主管機關備查；申報期間內原則上不得對債權人清償。

When a bank is ordered into liquidation, creditors generally must use the liquidation process to enforce claims, with some claims and separate-right situations treated differently.

清理人 must 在清理完結後十五日內編製清理期間的收支表、損益表及各項帳冊，並在相關報紙公告後向主管機關報請撤銷銀行許可。

受輔導、監管的銀行，須負擔主管機關指定機構或派員執行輔導、監管任務所生的費用與債務。

This provision is deleted.

The provisions in Articles 61-1 and 62-1 to 62-9 apply to banks or financial institutions established under other laws.

If a bank’s losses exceed one-third of capital, its directors or supervisors must report that to the central competent authority immediately.

If a bank or financial institution is poorly managed and must suspend operations to liquidate debts, deposit debts are paid before non-deposit debts.

銀行若被勒令停業，還必須在期限內補正有關事項；逾期未補正時，中央主管機關應撤銷其許可。

銀行如果被中央主管機關撤銷許可，應立即解散並進行清算。

經核准解散或撤銷許可的銀行，應在期限內繳銷執照；逾期未繳銷的，中央主管機關得公告註銷。

The court supervising a bank’s special liquidation must consult the competent authority’s opinion, and may ask it to recommend a liquidator or send staff to help the liquidator if needed.

銀行清算後，除非已清償全部債務，不得退還股本或分配股利。

活期存款是指存款人可以憑存摺或依約定方式，隨時提取的存款。

This provision defines “commercial bank” as a bank whose main task is taking check deposits, demand deposits, and time deposits, and providing short- and medium-term credit.

商業銀行可以經營列舉的各項銀行業務，另可在主管機關核准下辦理其他有關業務。

Commercial banks must not make middle-term loans in an amount greater than the total amount of time deposits they have received.

商業銀行可以發行金融債券，也可以約定其持有人受償順位低於銀行其他債權人；發行辦法與最高發行餘額由主管機關會商中央銀行決定。

商業銀行辦理住宅建築及企業建築放款的總額，不得超過存款總餘額與金融債券發售額合計的30%。

商業銀行可以就證券發行與買賣，對相關證券商或證券金融公司提供資金融通；該融通的管理辦法由中央銀行訂定。

Commercial banks may apply to invest in financial-related enterprises, and may invest in non-financial-related enterprises if approved for government economic development plans, but they must stay within the article’s limits and cannot act before the objection period ends.

Commercial banks may invest in securities, and the competent authority sets the types and limits.

Commercial banks must keep real-estate investments within specified limits, may not invest in non-self-use real estate except in listed cases, and need board approval for certain related-party real-estate transactions.

商業銀行因行使抵押權或質權取得的不動產或股票，原則上要在取得日起四年內處分。

This article is deleted.

Deleted provision.

（刪除）

This provision defines “term deposit” as a deposit with a fixed time restriction that the depositor withdraws by passbook or another agreed method.

定期存款到期前不得提取；存款人可以拿去質借，或在提前中途解約前七日通知銀行。

This provision is deleted.

This provision is marked as deleted.

This provision is deleted.

（刪除）

This provision is deleted.

This provision is deleted.

（刪除）

中央主管機關可以為了便利專業信用供給，許可設立專業銀行，或指定現有銀行提供該項信用。

This provision says that “professional credit” from the previous article is divided into six categories.

主管機關可規定專業銀行可經營的業務項目；第73條至第76條原則上也適用於專業銀行，但法律或主管機關另有規定者除外。

This provision is deleted.

以中、長期信用為主要任務的專業銀行，原則上得發行金融債券；募得資金必須全部用於其專業投資及中、長期放款。

An industrial bank’s main business is providing medium- and long-term credit for industry, mining, transportation, and other public utilities. It may invest in production enterprises, but deposit-taking is limited to specified customer types. The competent authority sets certain scopes, limits, and management rules.

工業銀行對符合列舉情形的生產事業直接投資時，須經董事會出席及同意門檻，且投資總餘額不得超過上一會計年度決算後淨值的5%。

This provision says the Agricultural Bank is the specialized bank for agricultural credit and has the main task of supporting rural finance and providing credit needed for agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and livestock-related businesses.

農業銀行可以透過農會組織吸收農村資金，並提供農業信用與相關農民家計金融業務。

輸出入銀行是供給輸出入信用的專業銀行，並以提供中、長期信用、協助外銷，以及輸入國內工業所需設備與原料為主要任務。

輸出入銀行經中央主管機關核准，得提供業者所需信用，以協助國內工業所需重要原料的供應。

中小企業銀行的主要任務是提供中小企業中、長期信用，並協助改善生產設備、財務結構與經營管理。

A professional bank that supplies real estate credit is treated as a real estate credit bank, and that bank’s main task is to provide medium- and long-term credit for land development, urban improvement, community development, road construction, tourism facilities, and housing construction.

國民銀行是供給地方性信用的專業銀行，主要任務是提供地區發展及當地國民所需的短、中期信用。

國民銀行須分區經營，且同一地區原則上只設一家；每一客戶的放款總額也不得超過一定金額。

Chapter 1: General Provisions.

This chapter is titled “Commercial Banks.”

This chapter is about savings banks.

This chapter is titled “Professional Banks.”

This is a chapter heading for “Trust Investment Company.”

This chapter is about foreign banks.

This excerpt is a chapter heading for penalties.

This chapter is titled “Additional Provisions.”

This chapter concerns bank establishment, changes, suspension, and dissolution.