國家賠償法

本條說明本法是依中華民國憲法第二十四條制定。

請求損害賠償時，先以書面向賠償義務機關提出請求；賠償義務機關應即與請求權人協議。

A claimant may sue for damages if the compensation authority refuses compensation, delays starting negotiations for over 30 days after the request, or negotiations fail within 60 days after they start. If damages were already claimed incidentally under the Administrative Litigation Act, the claimant may not file another lawsuit for the same facts. The court may, on application, order the authority to pay medical or funeral expenses in advance by interim disposition.

Damages lawsuits follow the Civil Procedure Code unless this Act provides otherwise.

有審判或追訴職務的公務員，若在執行職務時侵害人民自由或權利，且就其參與的審判或追訴案件犯職務上之罪並經判決有罪確定，適用本法規定。

This Act applies mutatis mutandis to other public legal persons.

This provision applies only in cases where the victim is a foreign person, and only when reciprocal rights exist for ROC persons in that country under treaty, local law, or custom.

本法的施行細則由行政院訂定。

本條規定本法自民國七十年七月一日起施行，且修正條文自公布日起施行。

This article defines “public servant” and sets state liability for damage caused by a public servant’s unlawful conduct while performing duties or exercising public power.

公共設施因設置或管理有欠缺而損害人民時，國家原則上要負賠償責任；特定自然公物設施已做適當警告或標示後，人民仍冒險活動的，國家可能減輕或免除責任。

受委託行使公權力的人，在執行職務並行使公權力時，會被視同委託機關的公務員；若有故意或重大過失，賠償義務機關可向該團體或個人求償。

For state compensation for damage, the Civil Code applies unless this Act provides otherwise.

If another law has a special rule, that other law applies instead of this Act and the Civil Code.

國家負損害賠償責任時，原則上應以金錢賠償；如果以回復原狀較適當，則可依請求回復損害發生前的原狀。

賠償請求權原則上在知道有損害後2年內不行使就消滅；即使不知道，從損害發生起超過5年也同樣消滅。特定求償權則在支付賠償金或回復原狀之日起2年內不行使就消滅。

This provision identifies which agency becomes the compensation-obligated authority in different damage-claim situations and allows an upper authority to determine it when there is a dispute or uncertainty.