Press and Journalist Act

Jurisdiction: Uganda
Instrument: Act or statute
Citation: Chapter 105
Version: Undated source snapshot
Language: en

Source attribution: Source: Uganda Legal Information Institute

Statute overview

About this statute

Provides definitions of terms used in the Act (for example: chairperson, council, editor, electronic media, executive committee, exhibition, general assembly, journalist, mass media, Minister, newspaper, roll, secretary). People may publish a newspaper subject to the Act, and no person or authority may, because of a publication's content, take action not authorised by this Act or other law to prevent it. Nothing in section 2 removes the obligation on any person to comply with laws, including those prohibiting pornographic or obscene publications that offend or corrupt public morals, publications that improperly infringe privacy, or publications that contain false information. A person may have access to official information, subject to laws on national security, secrecy or confidentiality. A proprietor of a mass media organisation must register certain particulars about an appointed editor with the council and must notify the council within thirty days of any change; contravention is an offence punishable by a fine up to three hundred thousand shillings or, if unpaid, imprisonment up to three months.

Read the provisions Ask with citations

Search within this statute

Search all stored provisions in this version.

Legal text

Provisions of Press and Journalist Act

Showing 42 of 42

Part I

Interpretation

1
Interpretation - Interpretation

Provides definitions of terms used in the Act (for example: chairperson, council, editor, electronic media, executive committee, exhibition, general assembly, journalist, mass media, Minister, newspaper, roll, secretary).

Section Interpretation Section In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — “ chairperson ” means the chairperson of the council ; “ council ” means the council established under section 8 ; “ editor ” includes a person who is, at any given time, in charge of programme production at a radio or television station; “ electronic media ” means communication of any message to the public by television, radio, video, cinema or by any other electronic apparatus; “ executive committee ” means the executive committee of the institute established under section 18 ; “ exhibition ” means an exhibition of art, film or videotape with or without sound effects, made by means of cinematography or other means for public consumption; “ general assembly ” means the general assembly of the institute; “ journalist ” means a person who is enrolled as a journalist under this Act; “ mass media ” includes newspapers, posters, banners and electronic media published for public consumption; “ Minister ” means the Minister responsible for information; “ newspaper ” means a publication which contains all or any of the following— (i) news; (ii) articles; (iii) entertainment; (iv) advertisements; (v) reports of occurrences; (vi) views; and (vii) comments or observations which are published for distribution to the public either daily or periodically; “ roll ” means the roll of journalists; “ secretary ” means secretary to the council .

Part II

Mass media

2
Mass media - Right to publish a newspaper

People may publish a newspaper subject to the Act, and no person or authority may, because of a publication's content, take action not authorised by this Act or other law to prevent it.

Section Right to publish a newspaper Section No person or authority shall, on grounds of the content of a publication, take any action not authorised under this Act or any other law to prevent the — A person may, subject to this Act, publish a newspaper . printing; publication; or circulation among the public, of a
3
Mass media - Compliance with other laws

Nothing in section 2 removes the obligation on any person to comply with laws, including those prohibiting pornographic or obscene publications that offend or corrupt public morals, publications that improperly infringe privacy, or publications that contain false information.

Section Compliance with other laws Section Nothing contained in section 2 absolves any person from compliance with any law — prohibiting the publication of pornographic matters and obscene publications insofar as they tend to offend or corrupt public morals; prohibiting any publication which improperly infringes on the privacy of an individual or which contains false information.
4
Mass media - Access to official information

A person may have access to official information, subject to laws on national security, secrecy or confidentiality.

Section Access to official information Section A person may have access to official information subject to any law in force relating to national security, secrecy or confidentiality of information.
5
Mass media - Registration of particulars relating to an editor

A proprietor of a mass media organisation must register certain particulars about an appointed editor with the council and must notify the council within thirty days of any change; contravention is an offence punishable by a fine up to three hundred thousand shillings or, if unpaid, imprisonment up to three months.

Section Registration of particulars relating to an editor Section A proprietor of a mass media organisation shall, on appointing an editor , register with the council the following particulars in relation to the editor — his or her name and address; certified copies of the relevant testimonials as proof of his or her qualifications and experience; the name and address of the newspaper ; and such other particulars as may be prescribed by the council . The proprietor shall notify the council within thirty days of its coming to his or her notice of any change in any of the particulars referred to in subsection (1). Any person who contravenes this section commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding three hundred thousand shillings and, in case of failure to pay the fine, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months.
6
Mass media - Functions of an editor

A proprietor and editor of a mass media organisation must ensure published material is not contrary to public morality, retain copies of newspapers and supplements for at least ten years, and (for electronic media) retain broadcasts for at least thirty days.

Section Functions of an editor Section A proprietor and editor of a mass media organisation shall — ensure that what is published is not contrary to public morality; retain a copy of each newspaper published by the organisation and a copy of each supplement to it for not less than ten years; in the case of electronic media , retain a record of all that is broadcast by a radio or television station for not less than thirty days.
7
Mass media - Disqualification of an editor.

A person shall not be appointed an editor of a mass media organisation if they are under eighteen; of unsound mind; an undischarged bankrupt or insolvent; not ordinarily resident in Uganda; or do not possess the requisite qualifications prescribed by the council.

Section Disqualification of an editor. Section A person shall not be appointed an editor of a mass media organisation if — he or she is less than eighteen years of age; he or she is of unsound mind; he or she is an undischarged bankrupt or insolvent; he or she is not ordinarily resident in Uganda; he or she does not possess the requisite qualifications prescribed by the council .

Part III

Media Council

10
Media Council - Meetings, etc. of the council

The Minister may amend the First Schedule to this Act by statutory instrument after consulting the council.

Section Meetings, etc. of the council Section The First Schedule to this Act shall apply to meetings and other matters of the council specified in that Schedule. The Minister may, by statutory instrument and after consultation with the council , amend the First Schedule to this Act.
11
Media Council - Remuneration of members of the council

Members of the council may be paid remuneration or allowances, subject to approval by the Minister.

Section Remuneration of members of the council Section Members of the council may be paid such remuneration or allowances as may be approved by the Minister .
12
Media Council - Annual report

The council must submit an annual report to the Minister within three months after the end of each year; the Minister must lay that report before Parliament within three months of receiving it.

Section Annual report Section The council shall, within three months after the end of each year, submit to the Minister an annual report on all its activities; and the Minister shall lay the report before Parliament within three months after receiving it.
8
Media Council - Establishment of the Media Council

Establishes the Media Council, sets membership composition, provides that certain members are appointed by the Minister, requires members to hold office for three years and allows resignation in writing.

Section Establishment of the Media Council Section The council shall consist of— four representatives of whom — four members of the public not being journalists, who shall be persons of proven integrity and good repute of whom — There is established a council to be known as the Media Council. the director of information or a senior officer from the Ministry responsible for information, who shall be the secretary to the council ; two distinguished scholars in mass communication appointed by the Minister in consultation with the National Institute of Journalists of Uganda; a representative nominated by the Uganda Newspapers Editors and Proprietors Association; two shall represent electronic media ; and two shall represent the National Institute of Journalists of Uganda; two shall be nominated by the Minister ; and one shall be nominated by the Uganda Newspapers Editors and Proprietors Association; one shall be nominated by the journalists; and a distinguished practising lawyer nominated by the Uganda Law Society. The persons referred to in paragraphs (c), (d), (e) and (f) shall be appointed by the Minister . The chairperson of the council shall be elected by the members from among their number. Members of the council shall hold office for a period of three years upon such terms and conditions as may be specified in the instruments of appointment and shall be eligible for reappointment. A member of the council may resign his or her office in writing, addressed to the chairperson and in case of the chairperson to the Minister .
9
Media Council - Functions of the council

Lists the council's functions, including arbitrating disputes, regulating conduct and ethics of journalists and media, disciplining journalists/editors/publishers, promoting information flow, censoring films and related apparatus, and exercising functions authorised by law; the council may refuse films or apparatus for public consumption under subsection (1)(e).

Section Functions of the council Section The functions of the council shall be— to arbitrate disputes between — to regulate the conduct and promote good ethical standards and discipline of journalists; the public and the media; and the State and the media; to exercise disciplinary control over journalists, editors and publishers; to promote, generally, the flow of information; to censor films, videotapes, plays and other related apparatuses for public consumption; and to exercise any function that may be authorised or required by any law. In carrying out its functions under subsection (1)(e), the council may refuse a film, videotape or apparatus to be shown, exhibited or acted for public consumption.

Part IV

The National Institute of Journalists of Uganda

13
The National Institute of Journalists of Uganda - Establishment of the institute

Establishes the National Institute of Journalists of Uganda and gives the institute corporate status, a common seal, the capacity to sue and be sued, and powers to hold and manage property subject to Act limitations.

Section Establishment of the institute Section There is established an institute to be known as the National Institute of Journalists of Uganda. The institute shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal and may sue or be sued in its corporate name. The institute may, subject to any limitations conferred in this Act, acquire, hold, manage and dispose of any property, movable or immovable, and enter into any contract or other transaction and do anything which may in law be entered into or done by a body corporate.
14
The National Institute of Journalists of Uganda - Objects of the institute

The institute shall have the listed functions related to establishing professional standards, fostering fellowship, training and equipping journalists, maintaining international relationships, advising on education and examinations, maintaining professional education, promoting morally acceptable journalism, encouraging research, and making byelaws.

Section Objects of the institute Section The objects of the institute are — Without prejudice to the general effect of subsection (1), the institute shall under that subsection have the following functions — to establish and maintain professional standards for journalists; to foster the spirit of professional fellowship among journalists; to encourage, train, equip and enable journalists to play their part in society; to establish and maintain a mutual relationship with international journalists organisations and other organisations with a view to enhancing the objectives of the institute; to carry on such activities as are incidental or conducive to the attainment of the objects specified in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) of this section. to advise on courses of study, the conduct of qualifying examinations and generally on matters related to professional education for journalists in Uganda; to ensure the maintenance of professional education for journalists; to promote the usage of journalism which is not contrary to public morality; to encourage research in journalism for the advancement of professionalism; to make byelaws of the institute.
15
The National Institute of Journalists of Uganda - Membership of the institute

Sets membership categories (full, associate, honorary); eligibility for full membership requires a university degree in journalism/mass communication or a degree plus journalism qualification plus at least one year practice; general assembly may set associate qualifications and award honorary membership; honorary members do not pay subscription fees; associate and honorary members cannot vote.

Section Membership of the institute Section Membership of the institute shall be of the following categories— A person shall be eligible for full membership of the institute if — full membership; associate membership; and honorary membership. he or she is a holder of a university degree in journalism or mass communication; or he or she is a holder of a university degree plus a qualification in journalism or mass communication, and has practised journalism for at least one year. The general assembly may set qualifications for associate membership of the institute or may provide that a specified class of members of a society or institute may qualify for associate membership of the institute. The general assembly may award honorary membership to a person who has made an outstanding contribution towards the realisation of the objects of the institute, except that no honorary member shall be liable to pay any subscription fee. An associate or honorary member shall not be eligible to vote.
16
The National Institute of Journalists of Uganda - Application for membership of the institute

People may apply to the executive committee for full or associate membership; the committee must notify the general assembly to approve enrollment if the applicant is eligible and upon payment of the prescribed fee; the general secretary must issue a certificate on enrollment; persons are ineligible unless they meet byelaw requirements for professional skill and experience.

Section Application for membership of the institute Section A person may apply to the executive committee for full membership or associate membership, and the committee shall, if it is satisfied that the applicant is an eligible person, inform the general assembly to approve the enrollment of the applicant as a full member or associate member of the institute on payment of the prescribed fee. Upon the enrollment of a person under subsection (1), the general secretary shall cause to be issued to him or her a certificate of enrollment. A person shall not be eligible for enrollment under this Act, unless that person has complied with such requirements, whether relating to instruction, examination or otherwise, as to the acquisition of professional skill and experience as may be specified in the byelaws made for that purpose by the institute.
17
The National Institute of Journalists of Uganda - Disqualification from membership of the institute

A person must not be enrolled in or continue membership of the institute if they are of unsound mind, an undischarged bankrupt or insolvent, or convicted of an offence under this Act or an offence involving moral turpitude; this disqualification stops two years after completion of the sentence.

Section Disqualification from membership of the institute Section A person shall not be enrolled or continue to be a member of the institute if— he or she is of unsound mind; he or she is an undischarged bankrupt or insolvent; or he or she is convicted of an offence under this Act or an offence involving moral turpitude; but this paragraph shall cease to apply two years after the completion of the sentence.
18
The National Institute of Journalists of Uganda - Executive committee

The institute must elect the executive committee members annually at a general meeting.

Section Executive committee Section For the proper management of the affairs of the institute, there shall be an executive committee consisting of a president, a vice president, a general secretary , a treasurer, an assistant general secretary and three other members, all of whom shall be elected annually by the institute at a general meeting.
19
The National Institute of Journalists of Uganda - Functions of the executive committee

The executive committee must perform specified functions including maintaining and publishing the roll of members, securing international recognition, maintaining professional standards, promoting a journal, and doing incidental acts to further the institute's objects.

Section Functions of the executive committee Section The functions of the executive committee shall be— to maintain and publish the roll of members of the institute; to secure international recognition of the institute; to ensure the maintenance of professional standards among members of the institute; to promote the publication of a journal of the institute; to do anything that is incidental to the functions of the council or for the furtherance of the objects of the institute.
20
The National Institute of Journalists of Uganda - Meetings of the committee and of the general assembly

The Second and Third Schedules to this Act apply to meetings of the executive committee and the general assembly.

Section Meetings of the committee and of the general assembly Section The Second and Third Schedules to this Act shall apply to meetings of the executive committee and the general assembly .

Part V

Financial provisions

21
Financial provisions - Funds of the institute

The institute may operate a bank account in a bank determined by the executive committee; funds of the institute include grants, fees, donations and borrowed monies; all monies to be managed through a fund established by the general assembly.

Section Funds of the institute Section The funds of the institute shall consist of— grants from the Government; annual subscription fees from members; fees and other monies paid for services rendered by the institute; grants, gifts or donations from sources acceptable to the institute; and monies borrowed by the institute for the performance of its functions. All monies of the institute shall be managed through a fund to be established by the general assembly . The institute may operate a bank account in a bank determined by the executive committee , and the bank account shall be operated in a manner decided by the general assembly .
22
Financial provisions - Borrowing powers

The executive committee may borrow money on terms agreed with the Government to perform the institute's functions.

Section Borrowing powers Section The executive committee may borrow money on terms that may be agreed upon by the Government for the performance of the functions of the institute.
23
Financial provisions - Investment

The executive committee may invest the institute's monies in government-issued or -guaranteed securities or in other projects approved by the Government.

Section Investment Section The executive committee may invest monies of the institute in any securities issued or guaranteed by the Government or in any other projects approved by the Government.
24
Financial provisions - Financial year

The institute's financial year is the calendar year running from the 1st day of January to the 31st day of December each year.

Section Financial year Section The financial year of the institute shall be the calendar year that is twelve months beginning from the 1st day of January and ending on the 31st day of December each year.
25
Financial provisions - Accounts and audit

Requires the institute to keep proper books and prepare an annual financial statement by 31 March following the financial year; requires the Auditor General to report annually to the Minister after auditing and requires the Minister to lay that report before Parliament within three months of receipt.

Section Accounts and audit Section The institute shall keep proper books of account and prepare an annual financial statement of account for the preceding financial year not later than the 31st day of March in the following year. The books and account of the institute shall be submitted within three months after the end of each financial year to the Auditor General to be audited by him or her or by an auditor appointed by him or her. The Auditor General shall report annually to the Minister , as soon as is practicable after auditing the accounts of the institute, the result of his or her examination, and the report shall state his or her opinion. The Minister shall, within three months after receipt of the report referred to in subsection (3), lay the report before Parliament.

Part VI

Regulation of public practice

26
Regulation of public practice - Registration of journalists

The name and particulars of a person enrolled under this Act must be entered on the register of journalists of Uganda when the certificate of enrollment is presented to the council.

Section Registration of journalists Section The name and particulars of a person enrolled under this Act shall, on presentation of the certificate of enrollment to the council , be entered on the register of journalists of Uganda.
27
Regulation of public practice - Practising certificate

The council must issue practising certificates to enrolled persons on payment of prescribed fees; practising journalism is prohibited unless the person holds a valid practising certificate.

Section Practising certificate Section The council shall, upon payment of the prescribed fees, issue a practising certificate to a person who is enrolled under this Act. The practising certificate shall be valid for one year and is renewable upon payment of the prescribed fee. No person shall practise journalism unless he or she is in possession of a valid practising certificate issued under this section. A person who contravenes subsection (3) commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding three hundred thousand shillings and in case of failure to pay the fine to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months. In this section, a person is deemed to practise journalism if he or she is paid for the gathering, processing, publication or dissemination of information; and such person includes a freelance journalist .
28
Regulation of public practice - Refusal to grant a practising certificate

The council must not grant a practising certificate to any person who is not enrolled or who has failed to comply with any order made under this Act.

Section Refusal to grant a practising certificate Section No person shall be granted a practising certificate by the council if — he or she is not enrolled; or he or she has failed to comply with any order made under this Act.
29
Regulation of public practice - Accreditation card

Foreign mass media employees and freelancers must not practise journalism in Uganda unless they possess an accreditation card issued by the council; the council must issue the card upon payment of fees and on terms it prescribes.

Section Accreditation card Section No person being an employee of a foreign mass media organisation or working as a freelancer for that mass media shall practise journalism in Uganda unless he or she is in possession of an accreditation card issued by the council . The accreditation card referred to in this section shall be issued upon payment of fees and upon such terms as may be prescribed by the council .

Part VII

Disciplinary committee and inquiries

30
Disciplinary committee and inquiries - Disciplinary committee

Establishes a disciplinary committee composed of the chairperson and secretary of the council and four council-elected members; council must appoint an advocate with at least five years’ standing to advise when hearing disciplinary cases; four members form a quorum.

Section Disciplinary committee Section There is established a disciplinary committee consisting of— the chairperson of the council , who shall be the chairperson of the committee; the secretary to the council , who shall be the secretary to the committee; four members elected by the council from among their number. The council shall, when hearing disciplinary cases, appoint an advocate of not less than five years’ standing to advise the disciplinary committee. Four members of the committee shall form a quorum.
31
Disciplinary committee and inquiries - Complaints against a journalist

Any person may make a written complaint against a journalist to the disciplinary committee; the secretary must refer it to the committee within thirty days; the committee must set a hearing date, allow the journalist to be heard, and provide documents at least fourteen days before the hearing.

Section Complaints against a journalist Section A complaint or an allegation against a journalist , which if proved would constitute professional misconduct, may be made to the disciplinary committee by any person, and the complaint or allegation shall be reduced into writing. The secretary shall, upon receipt of a complaint, within thirty days refer the matter to the committee which shall fix a date for the hearing of the complaint. The committee shall give the journalist against whom the complaint or allegation is made an opportunity to be heard and shall furnish him or her with a copy of the complaint and any other relevant document at least fourteen days before the date fixed for the hearing.
32
Disciplinary committee and inquiries - Procedure of the committee

The committee must follow the procedure for hearing complaints set out in the First Schedule to this Act.

Section Procedure of the committee Section The procedure to be followed by the committee in the hearing of the complaint shall be as provided in the First Schedule to this Act.
33
Disciplinary committee and inquiries - Committee’s decision

The committee may dismiss a complaint after hearing the journalist and considering evidence; if misconduct is proved the committee may impose penalties including admonition or apology, suspension of the practising certificate for up to six months, or requiring media organisations to pay compensation.

Section Committee’s decision Section After hearing the journalist to whom the complaint relates and after considering the evidence adduced, the committee may dismiss the complaint if no ground for a disciplinary action is proved, or if a ground for a disciplinary action is proved, impose any or a combination of the following penalties— that the journalist be admonished or be required to apologise to the aggrieved party in the manner specified by the committee, including the same boldness of lettering on the page where the article appeared in the newspaper ; that the practising certificate of the journalist be suspended for a specified period not exceeding six months; that the media organisations which published the matter that led to the complaint pay compensation to a person who suffered loss or injury as a result of the misconduct.
34
Disciplinary committee and inquiries - Appeal to the High Court

A journalist or complainant may appeal a committee decision or order to the High Court within fourteen days; the appeal must be by written petition and will be heard by a High Court judge after a summary hearing. If the council suspends a journalist, that journalist may not practise while the appeal is pending.

Section Appeal to the High Court Section An appeal made under this section shall be— A journalist or complainant aggrieved by the decision or order of the committee may appeal against the decision or order to the High Court within fourteen days from the date on which the report of the committee was delivered to that journalist or complainant. made by petition in writing under the hand of the journalist or complainant; and heard and decided upon by a judge of the High Court after summary hearing. Where the council suspends a journalist , the journalist shall not, while an appeal is pending under this section, be entitled to practise.
35
Disciplinary committee and inquiries - Implementation of the committee’s orders

The council must implement the committee’s orders; the secretary must note orders in the register against the affected journalist and must send a certified copy of the committee’s decision to the National Institute of Journalists of Uganda.

Section Implementation of the committee’s orders Section The council shall be responsible for the implementation of the committee’s orders. The secretary shall ensure that an order of the committee is noted in the register against the name of the affected journalist and shall send a certified copy of the committee’s decision to the National Institute of Journalists of Uganda.
36
Disciplinary committee and inquiries - Revocation of suspension of a journalist

The council may revoke a journalist's suspension upon receiving new facts about the case.

Section Revocation of suspension of a journalist Section The council may, on receiving new facts relating to a case of a journalist on suspension, revoke the suspension.

Part VIII

Miscellaneous and transitional provisions

37
Miscellaneous and transitional provisions - Report, etc. to be received in evidence

A report or order of the council signed by the chairperson and secretary must be received in legal proceedings and treated as that document without further proof unless contradicted.

Section Report, etc. to be received in evidence Section A report or order made by the council and signed by the chairperson and the secretary shall be received in any legal proceedings and shall be taken to be that particular report or order without further proof of its contents unless the contrary is shown.
38
Miscellaneous and transitional provisions - Protection of source of information

Journalists must not be compelled to disclose their information sources except with the source's consent or by a court order.

Section Protection of source of information Section A journalist shall not be compelled to disclose the source of his or her information except with the consent of the person who gave him or her the information or on an order of a court of law.
39
Miscellaneous and transitional provisions - Seizure order

When criminal proceedings for an offence against the freedom of the press are instituted and an application for confiscation is made, the court may order seizure of the material or ban publication; seizure orders are to be executed by the police and apply only to copies intended for dissemination; an aggrieved person may appeal within thirty days.

Section Seizure order Section Whenever criminal proceedings have been instituted for an offence against the freedom of the press, the court may, on application to it for confiscation, order that the material involved in the offence be seized or issue a ban on the publication. A seizure order shall be effected by the police and shall relate only to those copies which were intended for dissemination. Any person aggrieved by the decision or order of the court may appeal to a higher court against the decision within thirty days from the date on which the seizure order was issued.
40
Miscellaneous and transitional provisions - Professional code of ethics

Journalists enrolled under this Act must follow the professional code of ethics in the Fourth Schedule; contravening it is professional misconduct handled by the disciplinary committee; the Minister may amend the Fourth Schedule after consultation with the council by statutory instrument.

Section Professional code of ethics Section A journalist enrolled under this Act shall be subject to the professional code of ethics provided in the Fourth Schedule to this Act. A person who contravenes any provision of the professional code of ethics commits professional misconduct and shall be dealt with by the disciplinary committee. The Minister may, by statutory instrument and after consultation with the council , amend the Fourth Schedule to this Act.
41
Miscellaneous and transitional provisions - Practising journalists prior to commencement of this Act to continue to practise

A person practising journalism immediately before this Act commenced may continue to practise until duly enrolled as a journalist under this Act.

Section Practising journalists prior to commencement of this Act to continue to practise Section A person who is practising journalism immediately prior to the commencement of this Act may continue to practise journalism until he or she is duly enrolled as a journalist in accordance with this Act.
42
Miscellaneous and transitional provisions - Regulations

The Minister may make regulations (on the advice of the council) to carry the Act into effect, and may, with Parliament's approval by statutory instrument, increase any fines specified in the Act.

Section Regulations Section Without prejudice to the general effect of subsection (1), regulations may be made under it prescribing— The Minister may, on the advice of the council , make regulations for better carrying into effect the provisions of this Act. the particulars and other matters to be entered in the register; the fees to be paid under this Act; the procedure of the disciplinary committee and the manner of lodging a complaint; and anything which under this Act is to be or may be prescribed. Notwithstanding the Interpretation Act, the Minister may, with the approval of Parliament, by statutory instrument, increase any fines specified in this Act.

Provision text is displayed from LexChat’s stored statute record. Use the official source links to verify amendments, commencement, and current legal force.

LexChat organizes source-backed legal information for research. Verify amendments, commencement, and current legal force with the official publisher before relying on it.