Section 10A-2A-1.46 Defective Corporate Actions.

(a) A defective corporate action shall not be void or voidable if ratified in accordance with Section 10A-2A-1.47 or validated in accordance with Section 10A-2A-1.52. (b) Ratification under Section 10A-2A-1.47 or validation under Section 10A-2A-1.52 shall not be deemed to be the exclusive means of ratifying or validating any defective corporate action, and the absence or failure of ratification in accordance with this article shall not, of itself, affect the validity or effectiveness of any corporate action properly ratified under common law or otherwise, nor shall it create a presumption that any such corporate action is or was a defective corporate action or void or voidable. (c) In the case of an overissue, putative stock shall be valid stock effective as of the date originally issued or purportedly issued upon: (1) the effectiveness under this article and under Article 10 of an amendment to the certificate of incorporation authorizing, designating, or creating such stock; or (2) the effectiveness of any other corporate action under this article ratifying the authorization, designation, or creation of such stock.