Vehicle Code — Part 7 | VEH — United States — California law | Esheria

Vehicle Code

Part 7 of 19 · provisions 1,201–1,400

This section says the act is named the Vehicle Code.

Jurisdiction
United States — California
Instrument
Code
Citation
VEH
Version
Undated source snapshot
Language
en
Official source
View official record ↗
Complete work
View statute overview
DMV fee collection DMV notices DMV records DMV reporting DUI procedure DUI program DUI sentencing LPR data retention MSRP Motor vehicle theft prevention Parking lots Purple Heart recipients U-turns Vehicle parking abandoned vehicle abatement abandoned vehicle disposition abandoned vehicle procedures abandoned vehicles abandoned vessel handling ability to pay access rights access routes accessibility accessible parking +3,493 more

Statute overview

About this statute

The definitions in this code apply when construing the code unless the provision or context requires otherwise. “Ability to respond in damages” means financial responsibility. Police officers must report stolen-vehicle and lost-or-stolen plate information to the Department of Justice system, and the reporting agency must notify the reporting party when a vehicle is recovered. A person must not make or file a false or fraudulent vehicle-theft report with any law enforcement agency, if done with intent to deceive. A vehicle’s owner or legal owner may report theft or embezzlement to the California Highway Patrol, and must report recovery after making that notice.

Read the provisions Ask with citations

Legal text

Provisions of Vehicle Code

Showing 200 of 3,721

  1. 21952.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A driver must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians before driving over or onto a sidewalk.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21952. The driver of any motor vehicle, prior to driving over or upon any sidewalk, shall yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian approaching thereon. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  2. 21953.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Pedestrians crossing a roadway outside a tunnel or overhead crossing must yield to nearby traffic when such a tunnel or crossing serves the place of crossing.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21953. (a) Whenever any pedestrian crosses a roadway other than by means of a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing, if a pedestrian tunnel or overhead crossing serves the place where the pedestrian is crossing the roadway, such pedestrian shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles on the highway so near as to constitute an immediate hazard. (b) This section shall not be construed to mean that a marked crosswalk, with or without a signal device, cannot be installed where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead crossing exists. (c) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of subdivision (a) unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power. (2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety. (3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 9. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  3. 21954.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Pedestrians outside crosswalks must yield to nearby vehicles that pose an immediate hazard, and police generally may not stop them unless there is an immediate collision danger.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21954. (a) Every pedestrian upon a roadway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway so near as to constitute an immediate hazard. (b) The provisions of this section shall not relieve the driver of a vehicle from the duty to exercise due care for the safety of any pedestrian upon a roadway. (c) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of subdivision (a) unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power. (2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety. (3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 10. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  4. 21955.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Pedestrians may only cross the roadway in a crosswalk between adjacent signal-controlled or police-controlled intersections, and peace officers may not stop them for that violation except in an immediate-collision-danger situation.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21955. (a) Between adjacent intersections controlled by traffic control signal devices or by police officers, pedestrians shall not cross the roadway at any place except in a crosswalk. (b) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of subdivision (a) unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power. (2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety. (3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 11. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  5. 21956.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Pedestrians generally must walk close to the left-hand edge of the roadway outside business or residence districts, but may use the right-hand edge when no safe crossing is available or traffic makes crossing unsafe.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21956. (a) A pedestrian shall not walk upon a roadway outside of a business or residence district otherwise than close to the pedestrian’s left-hand edge of the roadway. (b) A pedestrian may walk close to their right-hand edge of the roadway if a crosswalk or other means of safely crossing the roadway is not available or if existing traffic or other conditions would compromise the safety of a pedestrian attempting to cross the road. (c) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of this section unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power. (2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety. (3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 12. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  6. 21957.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not stand in a roadway to solicit a ride from a driver.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21957. No person shall stand in a roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride from the driver of any vehicle. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  7. 21959.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    It is unlawful to ski or toboggan on or across a roadway if it interferes with vehicle movement.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21959. It is unlawful for any person to ski or toboggan on or across any roadway in such a manner as to interfere with the movement of vehicles thereon. A person on skis proceeding on or across a highway at a pace no greater than a walk is not within the prohibition of this section and shall be considered to be a pedestrian with all the rights and duties thereof as prescribed in this code. (Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 46.)
  8. 21960.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Transportation authorities may restrict pedestrian and similar nonmotorized access on controlled freeways and expressways, and a person must not ride a motorized bicycle where such a restriction is in force.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21960. (a) The Department of Transportation and local authorities, by order, ordinance, or resolution, with respect to freeways, expressways, or designated portions thereof under their respective jurisdictions, to which vehicle access is completely or partially controlled, may prohibit or restrict the use of the freeways, expressways, or any portion thereof by pedestrians, bicycles or other nonmotorized traffic or by any person operating a motor-driven cycle, motorized bicycle, motorized scooter, or electrically motorized board. A prohibition or restriction pertaining to bicycles, motor-driven cycles, motorized scooters, or electrically motorized boards shall be deemed to include motorized bicycles. A person shall not operate a motorized bicycle wherever that prohibition or restriction is in force. Notwithstanding any order, ordinance, or resolution to the contrary, the driver or passengers of a disabled vehicle stopped on a freeway or expressway may walk to the nearest exit, in either direction, on that side of the freeway or expressway upon which the vehicle is disabled, from which telephone or motor vehicle repair services are available. (b) The prohibitory regulation authorized by subdivision (a) shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon any freeway or expressway and the approaches thereto. If any portion of a county freeway or expressway is contained within the limits of a city within the county, the county may erect signs on that portion as required under this subdivision if the ordinance has been approved by the city pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1730 of the Streets and Highways Code. (c) No ordinance or resolution of local authorities shall apply to any state highway until the proposed ordinance or resolution has been presented to, and approved in writing by, the Department of Transportation. (d) An ordinance or resolution adopted under this section on or after January 1, 2005, to prohibit pedestrian access to a county freeway or expressway shall not be effective unless it is supported by a finding by the local authority that the freeway or expressway does not have pedestrian facilities and pedestrian use would pose a safety risk to the pedestrian. (Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 777, Sec. 4. (AB 604) Effective January 1, 2016.)
  9. 21961.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may adopt crosswalk ordinances, and peace officers generally may not stop pedestrians for violating them unless there is an immediate collision danger.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21961. (a) This chapter does not prevent local authorities from adopting ordinances prohibiting pedestrians from crossing roadways at other than crosswalks. (b) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of an ordinance adopted by a local authority pursuant to this section, unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power. (2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety. (3) This subdivision does not relieve a driver of a vehicle from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 13. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  10. 21962.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A peace officer may order a pedestrian off a bridge or overpass if the officer has reasonable cause to think the pedestrian is there to violate Section 23110.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21962. Any peace officer having reasonable cause to believe that any pedestrian is stopped or standing on any bridge or overpass for the purpose of violating Section 23110, may lawfully order such person from the bridge or overpass. (Added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 1673.)
  11. 21963.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A blind pedestrian using a white cane or guide dog has the right-of-way, and drivers approaching must yield and take reasonable precautions to avoid injury.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21963. A totally or partially blind pedestrian who is carrying a predominantly white cane (with or without a red tip), or using a guide dog, shall have the right-of-way, and the driver of any vehicle approaching this pedestrian, who fails to yield the right-of-way, or to take all reasonably necessary precautions to avoid injury to this blind pedestrian, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months, or by a fine of not less than five hundred dollars ($500) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000), or both. This section shall not preclude prosecution under any other applicable provision of law. (Amended by Stats. 1993, Ch. 1149, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 1994.)
  12. 21964.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    People who are not totally or partially blind must not carry or use a predominantly white cane, including one with a red tip, in highways, public buildings, public facilities, or other public places.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21964. No person, other than those totally or partially blind, shall carry or use on any highway or in any public building, public facility, or other public place, a predominantly white cane (with or without a red tip). (Added by Stats. 1968, Ch. 461.)
  13. 21965.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “blind,” “totally blind,” and “partially blind” for use in Sections 21963 and 21964.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21965. As used in Sections 21963 and 21964, “blind,” “totally blind,” and “partially blind,” mean having central visual acuity not to exceed 20/200 in the better eye, with corrected lenses, as measured by the Snellen test, or visual acuity greater than 20/200, but with a limitation in the field of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle not greater than 20 degrees. (Added by Stats. 1968, Ch. 461.)
  14. 21966.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Pedestrians may not travel in a bicycle path or lane when there is an adequate pedestrian facility nearby.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21966. (a) A pedestrian shall not proceed along a bicycle path or lane where there is an adjacent adequate pedestrian facility. (b) (1) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, shall not stop a pedestrian for a violation of subdivision (a) unless a reasonably careful person would realize there is an immediate danger of a collision with a moving vehicle or other device moving exclusively by human power. (2) This subdivision does not relieve a pedestrian from the duty of using due care for their safety. (3) This subdivision does not relieve a bicyclist from the duty of exercising due care for the safety of any pedestrian within the roadway. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 957, Sec. 14. (AB 2147) Effective January 1, 2023.)
  15. 21967.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may pass rules limiting or banning skateboards and electrically motorized boards on highways, sidewalks, and roadways, unless Section 21968 applies.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21967. Except as provided in Section 21968, a local authority may adopt rules and regulations by ordinance or resolution prohibiting or restricting persons from riding or propelling skateboards, or electrically motorized boards, on highways, sidewalks, or roadways. (Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 777, Sec. 5. (AB 604) Effective January 1, 2016.)
  16. 21968.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A motorized skateboard must not be ridden on sidewalks, roadways, highways, bikeways, bicycle paths or trails, equestrian trails, or hiking or recreational trails.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21968. (a) A motorized skateboard shall not be propelled on any sidewalk, roadway, or any other part of a highway or on any bikeway, bicycle path or trail, equestrian trail, or hiking or recreational trail. (b) For purposes of this section, an electrically motorized board, as defined in Section 313.5, is not a motorized skateboard. (Amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 777, Sec. 6. (AB 604) Effective January 1, 2016.)
  17. 21969.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may adopt ordinances and regulations for roller skating on highways, sidewalks, or roadways.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21969. A local authority may adopt rules and regulations by ordinance regulating persons engaged in roller skating on a highway, sidewalk, or roadway. (Added by Stats. 1981, Ch. 145, Sec. 1.)
  18. 21970.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not stop a vehicle unnecessarily in a way that blocks a marked or unmarked crosswalk or sidewalk.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21970. (a) No person may stop a vehicle unnecessarily in a manner that causes the vehicle to block a marked or unmarked crosswalk or sidewalk. (b) Subdivision (a) does not preclude the driver of a vehicle facing a steady circular red light from turning right or turning left from a one-way street onto a one-way street pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 21453. (Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 833, Sec. 11. Effective January 1, 2001.)
  19. 21971.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person who violates certain Vehicle Code pedestrian provisions and causes bodily injury to someone other than the driver commits an infraction punishable under Section 42001.18.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 5. Pedestrians’ Rights and Duties [21949 - 21971] ( Chapter 5 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 21971. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person who violates subdivision (a) or (b) of Section 21451, subdivision (b) of Section 21453, subdivision (a) of Section 21950, or Section 21952, and causes the bodily injury of anyone other than the driver is guilty of an infraction punishable under Section 42001.18. (Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 833, Sec. 12. Effective January 1, 2001.)
  20. 22.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    When this code requires notice, the department or its division, officer, employee, or agent must send it by one of the listed methods.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## General Provisions ( General Provisions enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22. Whenever notice is required to be given under this code by a department or any division, officer, employee, or agent, the notice shall be given either by personal delivery to the person to be notified, by certified mail, return receipt requested, by mailing the notice, postage prepaid, addressed to the person at their address as shown by the records of the department, or by electronic notification, as authorized pursuant to Section 1801.2. (Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 131, Sec. 214. (AB 1754) Effective January 1, 2024.)
  21. 220.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines when a person is an “automobile dismantler” and when certain people are excluded.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 220. (a) An “automobile dismantler” is a person not otherwise expressly excluded by Section 221 who is engaged in the business of buying, selling, or dealing in vehicles of a type required to be registered under this code, including nonrepairable vehicles, for the purpose of dismantling the vehicles, who buys or sells the integral parts and component materials thereof, in whole or in part, or deals in used motor vehicle parts. This section does not apply to the occasional and incidental dismantling of vehicles by dealers who have secured dealer plates from the department for the current year whose principal business is buying and selling new and used vehicles, or by owners who desire to dismantle not more than three personal vehicles within any 12-month period. (b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), “automobile dismantler” includes a person not otherwise expressly excluded by Section 221 who keeps or maintains on real property owned by the person, or under their possession or control, either of the following vehicles or catalytic converters, whether for the purpose of resale of used parts, for the purpose of reclaiming for use some or all of the materials, whether metal, glass, fabric, or otherwise, or to dispose of them, or for any other purpose: (1) Two or more unregistered motor vehicles no longer intended for, or in condition for, legal use on the highways. (2) Nine or more used catalytic converters that have been cut from a motor vehicle using a sharp implement. (c) (1) Notwithstanding paragraph (2) of subdivision (b), a “junk dealer,” as defined in Section 21601 of the Business and Professions Code, a “recycler,” as defined in Section 21605 of the Business and Professions Code, or a “commercial enterprise” or “core recycler,” as defined in Section 21610 of the Business and Professions Code, is not an automobile dismantler even if it possesses nine or more used catalytic converters that have been cut from a motor vehicle using a sharp implement. (2) This subdivision does not apply to a “commercial enterprise” described in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 21610 of the Business and Professions Code. (Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 537, Sec. 1. (AB 641) Effective January 1, 2024.)
  22. 221.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines who is not included in the term “automobile dismantler.”

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 221. (a) The term “automobile dismantler” does not include any of the following: (1) The owner or operator of any premises on which two or more unregistered and inoperable vehicles are held or stored, or a person who possesses nine or more catalytic converters, if the vehicles or catalytic converters are used for restoration or replacement parts or otherwise, in conjunction with any of the following: (A) Any business of a licensed dealer, manufacturer, or transporter. (B) The operation and maintenance of any fleet of motor vehicles used for the transportation of persons or property. (C) Any agricultural, farming, mining, or ranching business that does not sell parts of the vehicles, except for either of the following purposes: (i) For use in repairs performed by that business. (ii) For use by a licensed dismantler or an entity described in paragraph (3). (D) Any motor vehicle repair business registered with the Bureau of Automotive Repair, or those exempt from registration under the Business and Professions Code or applicable regulations, that does not sell parts of the vehicles, except for either of the following purposes: (i) For use in repairs performed by that business. (ii) For use by a licensed dismantler or an entity described in paragraph (3). (2) A person engaged in the restoration of vehicles of the type described in Section 5004 or in the restoration of other vehicles having historic or classic significance. (3) The owner of a steel mill, scrap metal processing facility, or similar establishment purchasing vehicles of a type subject to registration, not for the purpose of selling the vehicles, in whole or in part, but exclusively for the purpose of reducing the vehicles to their component materials, if either the facility obtains, on a form approved or provided by the department, a certification by the person from whom the vehicles are obtained that each of the vehicles has been cleared for dismantling pursuant to Section 5500 or 11520, or the facility complies with Section 9564. (4) Any person who acquires used parts or components for resale from vehicles which have been previously cleared for dismantling pursuant to Section 5500 or 11520. Nothing in this paragraph permits a dismantler to acquire or sell used parts or components during the time the dismantler license is under suspension. (b) Any vehicle acquired for the purpose specified in paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) from other than a licensed dismantler, or from other than an independent hauler who obtained the vehicle, or parts thereof from a licensed dismantler, shall be accompanied by either a receipt issued by the department evidencing proof of clearance for dismantling under Section 5500, or a copy of the ordinance or order issued by a local authority for the abatement of the vehicle pursuant to Section 22660. The steel mill, scrap metal processing facility, or similar establishment acquiring the vehicle shall attach the form evidencing clearance or abatement to the certification required pursuant to this section. All forms specified in paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) and in this subdivision shall be available for inspection by a peace officer during business hours. (Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 537, Sec. 2. (AB 641) Effective January 1, 2024.)
  23. 22100.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers turning on a highway must position their vehicle close to the proper edge or lane and follow the listed right-turn and left-turn rules, subject to the stated exceptions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22100. Except as provided in Section 22100.5 or 22101, the driver of any vehicle intending to turn upon a highway shall do so as follows: (a) Right Turns. Both the approach for a right-hand turn and a right-hand turn shall be made as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway except: (1) Upon a highway having three marked lanes for traffic moving in one direction that terminates at an intersecting highway accommodating traffic in both directions, the driver of a vehicle in the middle lane may turn right into any lane lawfully available to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered. (2) If a right-hand turn is made from a one-way highway at an intersection, a driver shall approach the turn as provided in this subdivision and shall complete the turn in any lane lawfully available to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered. (3) Upon a highway having an additional lane or lanes marked for a right turn by appropriate signs or markings, the driver of a vehicle may turn right from any lane designated and marked for that turning movement. (b) Left Turns. The approach for a left turn shall be made as close as practicable to the left-hand edge of the extreme left-hand lane or portion of the roadway lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel of the vehicle and, when turning at an intersection, the left turn shall not be made before entering the intersection. After entering the intersection, the left turn shall be made so as to leave the intersection in a lane lawfully available to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered, except that upon a highway having three marked lanes for traffic moving in one direction that terminates at an intersecting highway accommodating traffic in both directions, the driver of a vehicle in the middle lane may turn left into any lane lawfully available to traffic moving in that direction upon the roadway being entered. (Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 183, Sec. 353. Effective January 1, 2005.)
  24. 22100.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers may not make a U-turn at an intersection with official traffic signals or other official traffic control devices, unless Section 21451 allows it, and only from the far left lane lawfully available in that direction.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22100.5. No driver shall make a U-turn at an intersection controlled by official traffic signals except as provided in Section 21451, and then only from the far lefthand lane that is lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel from which the turn is commenced. No driver shall make a U-turn at an intersection controlled by official traffic control devices except from the far lefthand lane that is lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel from which the turn is commenced. (Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 700, Sec. 2.)
  25. 22101.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Transportation authorities may place traffic-control devices to regulate turning at intersections, drivers must obey those devices, and bicyclists may go straight through a turn-only lane when the device allows it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22101. (a) The Department of Transportation or local authorities, in respect to highways under their respective jurisdictions, may cause official traffic control devices to be placed or erected within or adjacent to intersections to regulate or prohibit turning movements at such intersections. (b) When turning movements are required at an intersection, notice of that requirement shall be given by erection of a sign, unless an additional clearly marked traffic lane is provided for the approach to the turning movement, in which event notice as applicable to that additional traffic lane shall be given by an official traffic control device. (c) When right- or left-hand turns are prohibited at an intersection, notice of that prohibition shall be given by erection of a sign. (d) When an official traffic control device is placed as required in subdivisions (b) or (c), it is unlawful for a driver of a vehicle to disobey the directions of the official traffic control device. (e) (1) A person operating a bicycle may travel straight through a right- or left-hand turn only lane when an official traffic control device indicates that the movement is permitted. (2) The Department of Transportation shall develop standards for lane striping, pavement markings, and appropriate regulatory signs to implement this subdivision. (Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 221, Sec. 1. (AB 1266) Effective January 1, 2020.)
  26. 22102.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    In a business district, a person must not make a U-turn except at an intersection or on a divided highway with an opening provided under Section 21651.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22102. No person in a business district shall make a U-turn, except at an intersection, or on a divided highway where an opening has been provided in accordance with Section 21651. This turning movement shall be made as close as practicable to the extreme left-hand edge of the lanes moving in the driver’s direction of travel immediately prior to the initiation of the turning movement, when more than one lane in the direction of travel is present. (Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 47, Sec. 1.)
  27. 22103.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person in a residence district must not make a U-turn if another vehicle is approaching within 200 feet, unless the turn is at an intersection and the approaching vehicle is controlled by an official traffic control device.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22103. No person in a residence district shall make a U-turn when any other vehicle is approaching from either direction within 200 feet, except at an intersection when the approaching vehicle is controlled by an official traffic control device. (Amended by Stats. 1970, Ch. 620.)
  28. 22104.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    No person may make a U-turn in front of, or use, the driveway entrance or approaches to a fire station to turn around and go the opposite direction.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22104. No person shall make a U-turn in front of the driveway entrance or approaches to a fire station. No person shall use the driveway entrance or approaches to a fire station for the purpose of turning a vehicle so as to proceed in the opposite direction. (Amended by Stats. 1970, Ch. 620.)
  29. 22105.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not make a U-turn on a highway if the driver cannot see 200 feet in both directions along the highway and traffic thereon.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22105. No person shall make a U-turn upon any highway where the driver of such vehicle does not have an unobstructed view for 200 feet in both directions along the highway and of any traffic thereon. (Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 64.)
  30. 22106.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not start a stopped, standing, or parked vehicle on a highway, or back a vehicle on a highway, unless the movement can be done with reasonable safety.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22106. No person shall start a vehicle stopped, standing, or parked on a highway, nor shall any person back a vehicle on a highway until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  31. 22107.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person may not turn or move a vehicle left or right on a roadway unless it can be done safely, and an appropriate signal must be given if another vehicle may be affected.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22107. No person shall turn a vehicle from a direct course or move right or left upon a roadway until such movement can be made with reasonable safety and then only after the giving of an appropriate signal in the manner provided in this chapter in the event any other vehicle may be affected by the movement. (Amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 1996.)
  32. 22108.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A turn signal for a right or left turn must be given continuously during the last 100 feet before the vehicle turns.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22108. Any signal of intention to turn right or left shall be given continuously during the last 100 feet traveled by the vehicle before turning. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  33. 22109.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not stop or suddenly slow a vehicle on a highway without first giving an appropriate signal to the driver behind, if there is an opportunity to signal.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22109. No person shall stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle on a highway without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided in this chapter to the driver of any vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give the signal. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  34. 22110.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers must use signal lamps for required signals, unless the vehicle is not required to have turn signals and is not equipped with them; in that case, they must use hand and arm signals.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22110. (a) The signals required by this chapter shall be given by signal lamp, unless a vehicle is not required to be and is not equipped with turn signals. Drivers of vehicles not required to be and not equipped with turn signals shall give a hand and arm signal when required by this chapter. (b) In the event the signal lamps become inoperable while driving, hand and arm signals shall be used in the manner required in this chapter. (Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 1008, Sec. 12. Effective January 1, 2000.)
  35. 22111.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Required hand-and-arm signals must be given from the left side of a vehicle, with a special rule allowing bicyclists to signal a right turn by extending the right hand and arm to the right side of the bicycle.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22111. All required signals given by hand and arm shall be given from the left side of a vehicle in the following manner: (a) Left turn—hand and arm extended horizontally beyond the side of the vehicle. (b) Right turn—hand and arm extended upward beyond the side of the vehicle, except that a bicyclist may extend the right hand and arm horizontally to the right side of the bicycle. (c) Stop or sudden decrease of speed signal—hand and arm extended downward beyond the side of the vehicle. (Amended by Stats. 1976, Ch. 751.)
  36. 22112.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    School bus drivers must use warning lights and stop signals around pupil loading and unloading, and must follow specific safety steps when pupils cross the road.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22112. (a) On approach to a schoolbus stop where pupils are loading or unloading from a schoolbus, the schoolbus driver shall activate an approved amber warning light system, if the schoolbus is so equipped, beginning 200 feet before the schoolbus stop. The schoolbus driver shall deactivate the amber warning light system after reaching the schoolbus stop. The schoolbus driver shall operate the flashing red light signal system and stop signal arm, as required on the schoolbus, at all times when the schoolbus is stopped for the purpose of loading or unloading pupils. The flashing red light signal system, amber warning lights system, and stop signal arm shall not be operated at any place where traffic is controlled by a traffic officer or at any location identified in subdivision (e) of this section. The schoolbus flashing red light signal system, amber warning lights system, and stop signal arm shall not be operated at any other time. (b) The schoolbus driver shall stop to load or unload pupils only at a schoolbus stop designated for pupils by the school district superintendent or the head or principal of a private school, or authorized by any of those individuals for school activity trips. (c) When a schoolbus is stopped on a highway or private road for the purpose of loading or unloading pupils, at a location where traffic is not controlled by a traffic officer, the driver shall, before opening the door, ensure that the flashing red light signal system and stop signal arm are activated, and that it is safe to enter or exit the schoolbus. (d) When a schoolbus is stopped on a highway or private road for the purpose of loading or unloading pupils, at a location where traffic is not controlled by a traffic officer or official traffic control signal, the schoolbus driver shall do all of the following: (1) Escort all pupils in prekindergarten, kindergarten, or any of grades 1 to 8, inclusive, who need to cross the highway or private road upon which the schoolbus is stopped. The driver shall use an approved hand-held “STOP” sign while escorting all pupils. (2) Require all pupils who need to cross the highway or private road upon which the schoolbus is stopped to walk in front of the bus as they cross. (3) Ensure that all pupils who need to cross the highway or private road upon which the schoolbus is stopped have crossed safely, and that all other pupils and pedestrians are a safe distance from the schoolbus before setting the schoolbus in motion. (e) Except at a location where pupils are loading or unloading from a schoolbus and must cross a highway or private road upon which the schoolbus is stopped, the schoolbus driver may not activate the amber warning light system, the flashing red light signal system and stop signal arm at any of the following locations: (1) Schoolbus loading zones on or adjacent to school grounds or during an activity trip, if the schoolbus is lawfully stopped or parked. (2) Where the schoolbus is disabled due to mechanical breakdown. The driver of a relief bus that arrives at the scene to transport pupils from the disabled schoolbus shall not activate the amber warning light system, the flashing red light system, and stop signal arm. (3) Where a pupil requires physical assistance from the driver or authorized attendant to board or leave the schoolbus and providing the assistance extends the length of time the schoolbus is stopped beyond the time required to load or unload a pupil that does not require physical assistance. (4) Where the roadway surface on which the bus is stopped is partially or completely covered by snow or ice and requiring traffic to stop would pose a safety hazard as determined by the schoolbus motor carrier. (5) On a state highway with a posted speed limit of 55 miles per hour or higher where the schoolbus is completely off the main traveled portion of the highway. (6) Any location determined by a school district or a private school, with the approval of the Department of the California Highway Patrol, to present a traffic or safety hazard. (f) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) to (d), inclusive, the Department of the California Highway Patrol may require the activation of an approved flashing amber warning light system, if the schoolbus is so equipped, or the flashing red light signal system and stop signal arm, as required on the schoolbus, at any location where the department determines that the activation is necessary for the safety of school pupils loading or unloading from a schoolbus. (Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 769, Sec. 35. (AB 2679) Effective January 1, 2013.)
  37. 22113.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may, by ordinance, ban vehicle turning movements at intersections or between designated intersections.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 6. Turning and Stopping and Turning Signals [22100 - 22113] ( Chapter 6 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22113. This chapter does not prevent local authorities, by ordinance, from prohibiting the making of any turning movement by any vehicle at any intersection or between any designated intersections. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  38. 223.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    In this code, “automobile driver training” means the laboratory phase of driver education described in Education Code Section 51852.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 223. Any reference in this code to “automobile driver training” shall be deemed to refer to the laboratory phase of driver education described by Section 51852 of the Education Code. (Amended by Stats. 1980, Ch. 676, Sec. 305.)
  39. 22348.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section prohibits driving over the posted speed limit and makes driving over 100 mph an infraction with fines and possible license suspension. It also sets lane rules for certain vehicles, with limited exceptions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22348. (a) Notwithstanding subdivision (b) of Section 22351, a person shall not drive a vehicle upon a highway with a speed limit established pursuant to Section 22349 or 22356 at a speed greater than that speed limit. (b) A person who drives a vehicle upon a highway at a speed greater than 100 miles per hour is guilty of an infraction punishable, as follows: (1) Upon a first conviction of a violation of this subdivision, by a fine of not to exceed five hundred dollars ($500). The court may also suspend the privilege of the person to operate a motor vehicle for a period not to exceed 30 days pursuant to Section 13200.5. (2) Upon a conviction under this subdivision of an offense that occurred within three years of a prior offense resulting in a conviction of an offense under this subdivision, by a fine of not to exceed seven hundred fifty dollars ($750). The person’s privilege to operate a motor vehicle shall be suspended by the Department of Motor Vehicles pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 13355. (3) Upon a conviction under this subdivision of an offense that occurred within five years of two or more prior offenses resulting in convictions of offenses under this subdivision, by a fine of not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000). The person’s privilege to operate a motor vehicle shall be suspended by the Department of Motor Vehicles pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 13355. (c) A vehicle subject to Section 22406 shall be driven in a lane designated pursuant to Section 21655, or if a lane has not been so designated, in the right-hand lane for traffic or as close as practicable to the right-hand edge or curb. When overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction, the driver shall use either the designated lane, the lane to the immediate left of the right-hand lane, or the right-hand lane for traffic as permitted under this code. If, however, specific lane or lanes have not been designated on a divided highway having four or more clearly marked lanes for traffic in one direction, a vehicle may also be driven in the lane to the immediate left of the right-hand lane, unless otherwise prohibited under this code. This subdivision does not apply to a driver who is preparing for a left- or right-hand turn or who is in the process of entering into or exiting from a highway or to a driver who is required necessarily to drive in a lane other than the right-hand lane to continue on his or her intended route. (Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 300, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2005.)
  40. 22349.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers may not exceed 65 mph on a highway, and may not exceed 55 mph on a two-lane, undivided highway unless that road has been posted for a higher speed by transportation authorities based on an engineering and traffic survey.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22349. (a) Except as provided in Section 22356, no person may drive a vehicle upon a highway at a speed greater than 65 miles per hour. (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person may drive a vehicle upon a two-lane, undivided highway at a speed greater than 55 miles per hour unless that highway, or portion thereof, has been posted for a higher speed by the Department of Transportation or appropriate local agency upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey. For purposes of this subdivision, the following apply: (1) A two-lane, undivided highway is a highway with not more than one through lane of travel in each direction. (2) Passing lanes may not be considered when determining the number of through lanes. (c) It is the intent of the Legislature that there be reasonable signing on affected two-lane, undivided highways described in subdivision (b) in continuing the 55 miles-per-hour speed limit, including placing signs at county boundaries to the extent possible, and at other appropriate locations. (Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 724, Sec. 41. Effective January 1, 2000.)
  41. 22350.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not drive a vehicle on a highway faster than is reasonable or prudent, given the weather, visibility, traffic, and road conditions, and never at a speed that endangers people or property.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22350. No person shall drive a vehicle upon a highway at a speed greater than is reasonable or prudent having due regard for weather, visibility, the traffic on, and the surface and width of, the highway, and in no event at a speed which endangers the safety of persons or property. (Amended by Stats. 1963, Ch. 252.)
  42. 22351.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    Vehicle speeds on a highway are lawful if they stay within the listed limits, unless they violate the basic speed law. Speeds above the prima facie limits are prima facie unlawful unless the defendant proves they were still consistent with the basic speed law under the conditions at the time.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22351. (a) The speed of any vehicle upon a highway not in excess of the limits specified in Section 22352 or established as authorized in this code is lawful unless clearly proved to be in violation of the basic speed law. (b) The speed of any vehicle upon a highway in excess of the prima facie speed limits in Section 22352 or established as authorized in this code is prima facie unlawful unless the defendant establishes by competent evidence that the speed in excess of said limits did not constitute a violation of the basic speed law at the time, place and under the conditions then existing. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  43. 22352.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may set a 20 mph prima facie speed limit in a school zone by ordinance or resolution.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22352.5. (a) Notwithstanding Section 22352, a local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, determine and declare a prima facie speed limit of 20 miles per hour in a school zone. (b) For purposes of this section, “school zone” has the same meaning as defined in Section 22352. (c) This section shall remain in effect until January 1, 2031, and as of that date is repealed. (Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 555, Sec. 3. (AB 382) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2031, by its own provisions.)
  44. 22353.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    When the City of Norco conducts an engineering and traffic survey, it may also consider equestrian safety.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22353. When conducting an engineering and traffic survey, the City of Norco, in addition to the factors set forth in Section 627, may also consider equestrian safety. (Added by Stats. 2002, Ch. 186, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2003.)
  45. 22353.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The City of Burbank may consider equestrian safety when doing an engineering and traffic survey in the Rancho Master Plan Area.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22353.2. The City of Burbank may also consider equestrian safety when conducting an engineering and traffic survey of the public streets within the boundaries of the Rancho Master Plan Area in the City of Burbank, as described in the City of Burbank’s General Plan adopted on February 19, 2013, in addition to the factors set forth in Section 627. (Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 398, Sec. 1. (AB 2955) Effective January 1, 2019.)
  46. 22353.3.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The City of Glendale may consider equestrian safety in certain traffic surveys.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22353.3. The City of Glendale may also consider equestrian safety when conducting an engineering and traffic survey of the public streets within the boundaries of the Horse Overlay Zone, commonly known as the Riverside Rancho Area, in the City of Glendale, as described in Chapter 30.21 of the Glendale Municipal Code, in addition to the factors set forth in Section 627. (Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 398, Sec. 2. (AB 2955) Effective January 1, 2019.)
  47. 22353.4.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The City of Los Angeles may consider equestrian safety when conducting certain engineering and traffic surveys in the listed community plan areas.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22353.4. The City of Los Angeles may also consider equestrian safety when conducting an engineering and traffic survey of the public streets within the boundaries of the Sylmar Community Plan Area and the Sunland-Tujunga-Lake View Terrace-Shadow Hills-East La Tuna Canyon Community Plan Area in the City of Los Angeles, as described in the Sylmar Community Plan adopted on June 10, 2015, and the Sunland-Tujunga-Lake View Terrace-Shadow Hills-East La Tuna Canyon Community Plan Update adopted on November 18, 1997, respectively, in addition to the factors set forth in Section 627. (Added by Stats. 2018, Ch. 398, Sec. 3. (AB 2955) Effective January 1, 2019.)
  48. 22353.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The County of Orange may consider equestrian safety when conducting an engineering and traffic survey in Orange Park Acres.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22353.5. When conducting an engineering and traffic survey of the public streets within the boundaries of the common interest development known as Orange Park Acres, in addition to the factors set forth in Section 627, the County of Orange may also consider equestrian safety. (Added by Stats. 2014, Ch. 282, Sec. 1. (AB 1669) Effective January 1, 2015.)
  49. 22354.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation may lower the posted prima facie speed limit on certain state highway segments, after an engineering and traffic survey shows 65 mph is not reasonable or safe, and only when appropriate signs are posted.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22354. (a) Whenever the Department of Transportation determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that the limit of 65 miles per hour is more than is reasonable or safe upon any portion of a state highway where the limit of 65 miles is applicable, the department may determine and declare a prima facie speed limit of 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, or 15 miles per hour, whichever is found most appropriate to facilitate the orderly movement of traffic and is reasonable and safe, which declared prima facie speed limit shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon the highway. (b) This section shall become operative on the date specified in subdivision (c) of Section 22366. (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 690, Sec. 4. (AB 43) Effective January 1, 2022.)
  50. 22354.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    When the Department of Transportation wants to raise or lower a speed limit on a state highway segment, it must consult the California Highway Patrol and consider its recommendations first. A city or county governing body may also hold a public hearing, and the Department of Transportation must consider the hearing results.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22354.5. (a) Whenever the Department of Transportation determines, upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey, to increase or decrease the existing speed limit on a particular portion of a state highway pursuant to Section 22354, it shall, prior to increasing or decreasing that speed limit, consult with, and take into consideration the recommendations of, the Department of the California Highway Patrol. (b) The city council or board of supervisors of a city or county through which any portion of a state highway subject to subdivision (a) extends may conduct a public hearing on the proposed increase or decrease at a convenient location as near as possible to that portion of state highway. The Department of Transportation shall take into consideration the results of the public hearing in determining whether to increase or decrease the speed limit. (Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 219, Sec. 1.)
  51. 22355.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation may set up and control variable speed limit signs on freeways when an engineering and traffic survey shows they would improve safe and orderly traffic flow.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22355. Whenever the Department of Transportation determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that the safe and orderly movement of traffic upon any state highway which is a freeway will be facilitated by the establishment of variable speed limits, the department may erect, regulate, and control signs upon the state highway which is a freeway, or any portion thereof, which signs shall be so designed as to permit display of different speed limits at various times of the day or night. Such signs need not conform to the standards and specifications established by regulations of the Department of Transportation pursuant to Section 21400, but shall be of sufficient size and clarity to give adequate notice of the applicable speed limit. The speed limit upon the freeway at a particular time and place shall be that which is then and there displayed upon such sign. (Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 78.)
  52. 22356.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation may set a 70 mph limit on certain state highway segments if conditions are met, and drivers must not exceed the posted 70 mph limit.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22356. (a) Whenever the Department of Transportation, after consultation with the Department of the California Highway Patrol, determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey on existing highway segments, or upon the basis of appropriate design standards and projected traffic volumes in the case of newly constructed highway segments, that a speed greater than 65 miles per hour would facilitate the orderly movement of vehicular traffic and would be reasonable and safe upon any state highway, or portion thereof, that is otherwise subject to a maximum speed limit of 65 miles per hour, the Department of Transportation, with the approval of the Department of the California Highway Patrol, may declare a higher maximum speed of 70 miles per hour for vehicles not subject to Section 22406, and shall cause appropriate signs to be erected giving notice thereof. The Department of Transportation shall only make a determination under this section that is fully consistent with, and in full compliance with, federal law. (b) No person shall drive a vehicle upon that highway at a speed greater than 70 miles per hour, as posted. (c) This section shall become operative on the date specified in subdivision (c) of Section 22366. (Repealed (in Sec. 26) and added by Stats. 1995, Ch. 766, Sec. 27. Effective January 1, 1996. This section became operative, by its own provisions, on the date described in Section 22366.)
  53. 22357.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may set certain speed limits by ordinance if an engineering and traffic survey shows higher speeds are safe and would help traffic flow.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22357. (a) Whenever a local authority determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that a speed greater than 25 miles per hour would facilitate the orderly movement of vehicular traffic and would be reasonable and safe upon any street other than a state highway otherwise subject to a prima facie limit of 25 miles per hour, the local authority may by ordinance determine and declare a prima facie speed limit of 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60 miles per hour or a maximum speed limit of 65 miles per hour, whichever is found most appropriate to facilitate the orderly movement of traffic and is reasonable and safe. The declared prima facie or maximum speed limit shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon the street and shall not thereafter be revised except upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey. This section does not apply to any 25-mile-per-hour prima facie limit which is applicable when passing a school building or the grounds thereof or when passing a senior center or other facility primarily used by senior citizens. (b) This section shall become operative on the date specified in subdivision (c) of Section 22366. (Repealed (in Sec. 28) and added by Stats. 1995, Ch. 766, Sec. 29. Effective January 1, 1996. This section became operative, by its own provisions, on the date described in Section 22366.)
  54. 22357.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may set a 25 mph prima facie speed limit on certain streets beside a children’s playground in a public park, if it acts by ordinance or resolution and posts signs.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22357.1. Notwithstanding Section 22357, a local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, set a prima facie speed limit of 25 miles per hour on any street, other than a state highway, adjacent to any children’s playground in a public park but only during particular hours or days when children are expected to use the facilities. The 25 mile per hour speed limit shall be effective when signs giving notice of the speed limit are posted. (Added by Stats. 1989, Ch. 508, Sec. 1.)
  55. 22358.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may set a lower prima facie speed limit on certain streets, if an engineering and traffic survey shows 65 mph is too high and signs are posted.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22358. (a) Whenever a local authority determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that the limit of 65 miles per hour is more than is reasonable or safe upon any portion of any street other than a state highway where the limit of 65 miles per hour is applicable, the local authority may by ordinance determine and declare a prima facie speed limit of 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, or 15 miles per hour, whichever is found most appropriate to facilitate the orderly movement of traffic and is reasonable and safe, which declared prima facie limit shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon the street. (b) This section shall become operative on the date specified in subdivision (c) of Section 22366. (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 690, Sec. 5. (AB 43) Effective January 1, 2022.)
  56. 22358.3.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may set a 20 or 15 mph prima facie speed limit in certain low-width business, residence, or park streets if an engineering and traffic survey shows 25 mph is not reasonable or safe, and the new limit takes effect after signs are posted.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22358.3. Whenever a local authority determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that the prima facie speed limit of 25 miles per hour in a business or residence district or in a public park on any street having a roadway not exceeding 25 feet in width, other than a state highway, is more than is reasonable or safe, the local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, determine and declare a prima facie speed limit of 20 or 15 miles per hour, whichever is found most appropriate and is reasonable and safe. The declared prima facie limit shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon the street. (Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 1095.)
  57. 22358.4.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may set certain prima facie speed limits in specified areas, but the limits do not take effect until signs are posted, and state-highway ordinances also need Transportation Department approval.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22358.4. (a) (1) Whenever a local authority determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that the prima facie speed limit established by subdivision (b) of Section 22352 is more than is reasonable or safe, the local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, determine and declare a prima facie speed limit of 15 miles per hour if justified as the appropriate speed limit by that survey. (2) An ordinance or resolution adopted under paragraph (1) shall not be effective until appropriate signs giving notice of the speed limit are erected upon the highway and, in the case of a state highway, until the ordinance is approved by the Department of Transportation and the appropriate signs are erected upon the highway. (b) (1) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) or any other provision of law, a local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, determine and declare prima facie speed limits as follows: (A) A 15 miles per hour prima facie limit in a residence district, on a highway with a posted speed limit of 30 miles per hour or slower, in a school zone. (B) A 25 miles per hour prima facie limit on a highway when approaching, at a distance of 500 to 1,000 feet from, a school zone. (2) The prima facie limit established under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) applies only to highways that meet all of the following conditions: (A) A maximum of two traffic lanes. (B) A maximum posted 30 miles per hour prima facie speed limit immediately prior to and after the school zone. (3) The prima facie limits established under paragraph (1) apply to all lanes of an affected highway, in both directions of travel. (4) When determining the need to lower the prima facie speed limit, the local authority shall take the provisions of Section 627 into consideration. (5) (A) An ordinance or resolution adopted under paragraph (1) shall not be effective until appropriate signs giving notice of the speed limit are erected upon the highway and, in the case of a state highway, until the ordinance is approved by the Department of Transportation and the appropriate signs are erected upon the highway. (B) For purposes of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1), school warning signs indicating a speed limit of 15 miles per hour may be placed at a distance up to 500 feet away from school grounds. (C) For purposes of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1), school warning signs indicating a speed limit of 25 miles per hour may be placed at any distance between 500 and 1,000 feet away from the school grounds. (D) A local authority shall reimburse the Department of Transportation for all costs incurred by the department under this subdivision. (c) For purposes of this section, “school zone” has the same meaning as defined in Section 22352. (Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 555, Sec. 4. (AB 382) Effective January 1, 2026.)
  58. 22358.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Legislature states that certain road conditions do not, by themselves, require special downward speed zoning if section 22350 already adequately regulates them.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22358.5. It is the intent of the Legislature that physical conditions such as width, curvature, grade and surface conditions, or any other condition readily apparent to a driver, in the absence of other factors, would not require special downward speed zoning, as the basic rule of section 22350 is sufficient regulation as to such conditions. (Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11.)
  59. 22358.6.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation must update and maintain the traffic manual so speed limits are rounded to the nearest 5 mph of the 85th-percentile speed, and it and local authorities have limited options to lower, retain, or restore speed limits under specified conditions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22358.6. (a) The Department of Transportation shall, in the next scheduled revision, revise and thereafter maintain the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices to require the Department of Transportation or a local authority to round speed limits to the nearest five miles per hour of the 85th percentile of the free-flowing traffic. (b) In cases in which the speed limit needs to be rounded down to the nearest five miles per hour increment of the 85th-percentile speed, the Department of Transportation or a local authority may lower the speed limit by five miles per hour from the nearest five-mile-per-hour increment of the 85th-percentile speed, in compliance with Sections 627 and 22358.5 and the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, as it read on March 30, 2021, if the reasons for the lower speed limit are documented in an engineering and traffic survey. The Department of Transportation or a local authority may also take into consideration Sections 22353, 22353.2, 22353.3, 22353.4, and 22353.5, if applicable. (c) In cases in which the speed limit needs to be rounded up to the nearest five-mile-per-hour increment of the 85th-percentile speed, the Department of Transportation or a local authority may decide to instead round down the speed limit to the lower five-mile-per-hour increment. If the speed limit is rounded down pursuant to this subdivision, the speed limit shall not be reduced any further pursuant to subdivision (b). (d) In addition to subdivisions (b) and (c), the Department of Transportation or a local authority may additionally lower the speed limit as provided in Section 22358.7. (e) The total reduction in the speed limit pursuant to subdivisions (a) to (d), inclusive, shall not exceed 12.4 miles per hour from the 85th-percentile speed. (f) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) to (e), inclusive, the Department of Transportation or a local authority may retain the currently adopted speed limit as provided in Section 22358.8 without further reduction, or restore the immediately prior adopted speed limit as provided in Section 22358.8 without further reduction. (Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 287, Sec. 2. (AB 1014) Effective January 1, 2026.)
  60. 22358.7.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation or a local authority may lower a speed limit by ordinance in limited circumstances, and peace officers must give warning citations only for the first 30 days for certain low-level speeding violations.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22358.7. (a) If the Department of Transportation or a local authority, after completing an engineering and traffic survey, finds that the speed limit is still more than is reasonable or safe, the Department of Transportation may or the local authority may, by ordinance, determine and declare a prima facie speed limit that has been reduced an additional five miles per hour for either or both of the following reasons: (1) The portion of highway has been designated as a safety corridor. The Department of Transportation or a local authority shall not deem more than one-fifth of their streets as safety corridors. (2) The portion of highway is adjacent to any land or facility that generates high concentrations of bicyclists or pedestrians, especially those from vulnerable groups such as children, seniors, persons with disabilities, and the unhoused. (b) (1) As used in this section, “safety corridor” shall be defined by the Department of Transportation in the next revision of the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. In making this determination, the Department of Transportation shall consider highways that have the highest number of serious injuries and fatalities based on collision data that may be derived from, but not limited to, the Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System. (2) The Department of Transportation shall, in the next revision of the California Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, determine what constitutes land or facilities that generate high concentrations of bicyclists and pedestrians, as used in paragraph (2) of subdivision (a). In making this determination, the Department of Transportation shall consider density, road use type, and bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure present on a section of highway. (c) A peace officer shall issue only warning citations for violations of exceeding the speed limit by 10 miles per hour or less for the first 30 days that a lower speed limit is in effect as authorized by this section. (Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 287, Sec. 3. (AB 1014) Effective January 1, 2026.)
  61. 22358.8.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    Transportation and local authorities may keep or restore certain speed limits after an engineering survey; peace officers must issue only warning citations for the first 30 days after a lower speed limit starts.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22358.8. (a) If the Department of Transportation or a local authority, after completing an engineering and traffic survey, finds that the speed limit is still more than is reasonable or safe, the Department of Transportation may or the local authority may, by ordinance, retain the currently adopted speed limit or restore the immediately prior adopted speed limit on a highway that is not a freeway if that speed limit was established with an engineering and traffic survey and if a registered engineer has evaluated the section of highway and determined that no additional general purpose lanes have been added to the roadway since completion of the traffic survey that established that speed limit. (b) This section does not authorize a speed limit to be reduced by any more than five miles per hour from the currently adopted speed limit nor below the immediately prior speed limit. (c) A peace officer shall issue only warning citations for violations of exceeding the speed limit by 10 miles per hour or less for the first 30 days that a lower speed limit is in effect as authorized by this section. (Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 287, Sec. 4. (AB 1014) Effective January 1, 2026.)
  62. 22358.9.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    Transportation officials or a local authority may set a 25- or 20-mph prima facie speed limit on certain non-freeway highways in business activity districts, but only if the section’s conditions are met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22358.9. (a) (1) Notwithstanding any other law, the Department of Transportation may or a local authority may, by ordinance, determine and declare a 25- or 20-mile-per-hour prima facie speed limit on a highway that is not a freeway and that is contiguous to a business activity district when posted with a sign that indicates a speed limit of 25 or 20 miles per hour. (2) The prima facie limits established under paragraph (1) apply only to highways that meet all of the following conditions: (A) A maximum of four traffic lanes. (B) A maximum posted 30-mile-per-hour prima facie speed limit immediately prior to and after the business activity district, if establishing a 25-mile-per-hour speed limit. (C) A maximum posted 25-mile-per-hour prima facie speed limit immediately prior to and after the business activity district, if establishing a 20-mile-per-hour speed limit. (b) As used in this section, a “business activity district” is that portion of a highway and the property contiguous thereto that includes central or neighborhood downtowns, urban villages, or zoning designations that prioritize commercial land uses at the downtown or neighborhood scale and meets at least three of the following requirements in paragraphs (1) to (4), inclusive: (1) No less than 50 percent of the contiguous property fronting the highway consists of retail or dining commercial uses, including outdoor dining, that open directly onto sidewalks adjacent to the highway. (2) Parking, including parallel, diagonal, or perpendicular spaces located alongside the highway. (3) Traffic control signals or stop signs regulating traffic flow on the highway, located at intervals of no more than 600 feet. (4) Marked crosswalks not controlled by a traffic control device. (c) The Department of Transportation or a local authority shall not declare a prima facie speed limit under this section on a portion of a highway where the Department of Transportation or the local authority has already lowered the speed limit as permitted under Section 22358.7, has retained the currently adopted speed limit under Section 22358.8, or has restored the immediately prior adopted speed limit under Section 22358.8. (d) A peace officer shall issue only warning citations for violations of exceeding the speed limit by 10 miles per hour or less for the first 30 days that a lower speed limit is in effect as authorized by this section. (Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 287, Sec. 5. (AB 1014) Effective January 1, 2026.)
  63. 22359.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    For boundary-line streets and highways in different jurisdictions, an ordinance under Sections 22357 and 22358 is not effective until all affected authorities approve it.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22359. With respect to boundary line streets and highways where portions thereof are within different jurisdictions, no ordinance adopted under Sections 22357 and 22358 shall be effective as to any such portion until all authorities having jurisdiction of the portions of the street concerned have approved the same. This section shall not apply in the case of boundary line streets consisting of separate roadways within different jurisdictions. (Amended by Stats. 1963, Ch. 209.)
  64. 22360.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may set a lower prima facie speed limit on certain non-state highway segments if an engineering and traffic survey shows 65 mph is unsafe, the segment is no longer than 2,000 feet, and signs are posted.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22360. (a) Whenever a local authority determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that the limit of 65 miles per hour is more than is reasonable or safe upon any portion of a highway other than a state highway for a distance of not exceeding 2,000 feet in length between districts, either business or residence, the local authority may determine and declare a reasonable and safe prima facie limit thereon lower than 65 miles per hour, but not less than 25 miles per hour, which declared prima facie speed limit shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon the street or highway. (b) This section shall become operative on the date specified in subdivision (c) of Section 22366. (Repealed (in Sec. 32) and added by Stats. 1995, Ch. 766, Sec. 33. Effective January 1, 1996. This section became operative, by its own provisions, on the date described in Section 22366.)
  65. 22361.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    On certain multiple-lane highways with two or more separate roadways, different prima facie speed limits may be established for different roadways.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22361. On multiple-lane highways with two or more separate roadways different prima facie speed limits may be established for different roadways under any of the procedures specified in Sections 22354 to 22359, inclusive. (Amended by Stats. 1963, Ch. 209.)
  66. 22362.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    In a marked road-work zone, drivers must not exceed the posted speed limit, and the highway agency must place and mark the warning signs as required.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22362. It is prima facie a violation of the basic speed law for any person to operate a vehicle in excess of the posted speed limit upon any portion of a highway where officers or employees of the agency having jurisdiction of the same, or any contractor of the agency or his employees, are at work on the roadway or within the right-of-way so close thereto as to be endangered by passing traffic. This section applies only when appropriate signs, indicating the limits of the restricted zone, and the speed limit applicable therein, are placed by such agency within 400 feet of each end of such zone. The signs shall display the figures indicating the applicable limit, which shall not be less than 25 miles per hour, and shall indicate the purpose of the speed restriction. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to relieve any operator of a vehicle from complying with the basic speed law. (Amended by Stats. 1970, Ch. 515.)
  67. 22363.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    Transportation officials and local authorities may set temporary prima facie speed limits of 25, 30, 35, or 40 mph on affected highways when snow or ice conditions make that reasonable and safe.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22363. Notwithstanding any speed limit that may be in effect upon the highway, the Department of Transportation in respect to state highways, or a local authority with respect to highways under its jurisdiction, may determine and declare a prima facie speed limit of 40, 35, 30, or 25 miles per hour, whichever is found most appropriate and is reasonable and safe based on the prevailing snow or ice conditions upon such highway or any portion thereof. Signs may be placed and removed as snow or ice conditions vary. (Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545.)
  68. 22364.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation may place speed-limit signs on a state highway when an engineering and traffic survey shows different lane speed limits will improve safe, orderly traffic flow.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22364. Whenever the Department of Transportation determines, upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey, that the safe and orderly movement of traffic upon any state highway will be facilitated by the establishment of different speed limits for the various lanes of traffic, the department may place signs upon the state highway, or any portion thereof. The signs shall designate the speed limits for each of the lanes of traffic. (Amended by Stats. 1982, Ch. 681, Sec. 84.)
  69. 22365.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    A county or city in the South Coast Air Quality Management District may, when needed for particulate-matter air quality standards, set by ordinance a lower prima facie speed limit for unpaved roads under its jurisdiction.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22365. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any county or city, which is contained, in whole or in part, within the South Coast Air Quality Management District, may, if the county or city determines that it is necessary to achieve or maintain state or federal ambient air quality standards for particulate matter, determine and declare by ordinance a prima facie speed limit that is lower than that which the county or city is otherwise permitted by this code to establish, for any unpaved road under the jurisdiction of the county or city and within the district. That declared prima facie speed limit shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected along the road. (Added by Stats. 1997, Ch. 16, Sec. 1. Effective May 30, 1997.)
  70. 22366.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. )

    Verify source ↗

    If the Director of Transportation determines a date for when California may set a 65 mph highway speed limit without reducing federal highway aid, the director must notify the Secretary of State and the notice must say it is made under this section and name a date.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Generally [22348 - 22366] ( Heading of Article 1 amended by Stats. 1959, Ch. 11. ) ## 22366. (a) Whenever the Director of Transportation determines the date upon which the state may establish a maximum speed limit of 65 miles per hour on highways without subjecting the state to a reduction in the amount of federal aid for highways, the director shall notify the Secretary of State of that determination. (b) The notice required under subdivision (a) shall state that it is being made pursuant to this section. (c) The notice shall specify a date which is either the date determined pursuant to subdivision (a), or a later date designated by the director. (Added by Stats. 1995, Ch. 766, Sec. 34. Effective January 1, 1996.)
  71. 22400.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers must not travel so slowly, or stop, on a highway in a way that blocks normal traffic unless safety, a grade, or another law requires it. The Department of Transportation may set a minimum speed limit for a state highway when slow traffic consistently causes problems and signs are posted.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22400. (a) No person shall drive upon a highway at such a slow speed as to impede or block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic unless the reduced speed is necessary for safe operation, because of a grade, or in compliance with law. No person shall bring a vehicle to a complete stop upon a highway so as to impede or block the normal and reasonable movement of traffic unless the stop is necessary for safe operation or in compliance with law. (b) Whenever the Department of Transportation determines on the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that slow speeds on any part of a state highway consistently impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic, the department may determine and declare a minimum speed limit below which no person shall drive a vehicle, except when necessary for safe operation or in compliance with law, when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected along the part of the highway for which a minimum speed limit is established. Subdivision (b) of this section shall apply only to vehicles subject to registration. (Amended by Stats. 1979, Ch. 364.)
  72. 22401.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may regulate traffic signal timing to help traffic move safely and in an orderly way, even if that means speeds differ slightly from the normal speed limit.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22401. Local authorities in timing traffic signals may so regulate the timing thereof as to permit the movement of traffic in an orderly and safe manner at speeds slightly at variance from the speed otherwise applicable under this code. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  73. 22402.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation may set safe maximum speeds for certain state-highway bridges, elevated structures, tubes, and tunnels, with a floor of five miles per hour.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22402. The Department of Transportation may, in the manner provided in Section 22404 determine the maximum speed, not less than five miles per hour, which can be maintained with safety to any bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel on a state highway. Said department may also make a determination with reference to any other highway upon receiving a request therefor from the board of supervisors or road commissioner of the county, the governing body of the local authority having jurisdiction over the bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel. (Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545.)
  74. 22403.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may set a safe maximum speed for certain bridges, elevated structures, tubes, or tunnels under its jurisdiction, but it cannot set a limit below 5 miles per hour; it may instead ask the Department of Transportation to make the determination.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22403. Any local authority may, in the manner provided in Section 22404, determine the maximum speed, not less than five miles per hour, which can be maintained with safety to any bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel under its jurisdiction, or may request the Department of Transportation to make such determination. (Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545.)
  75. 22404.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Before setting a maximum safe speed for a bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel, the Department of Transportation or a local authority must make an engineering investigation, hold a public hearing, and then issue a written speed order. The responsible authority must also post hearing notice at least five days in advance and place speed signs within 500 feet of each end.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22404. The Department of Transportation or local authority making a determination of the maximum safe speed upon a bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel shall first make an engineering investigation and shall hold a public hearing. Notice of the time and place of the public hearing shall be posted upon the bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel at least five days before the date fixed for the hearing. Upon the basis of the investigation and all evidence presented at the hearing, the department or local authority shall determine by order in writing the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to the bridge, elevated structure, tube or tunnel. Thereupon, the authority having jurisdiction over the bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel shall erect and maintain suitable signs specifying the maximum speed so determined at a distance of not more than 500 feet from each end of the bridge, elevated structure, tube, tunnel, or any approach thereto. (Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545.)
  76. 22405.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not drive a vehicle on a bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel on a highway faster than can be done safely for that structure.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22405. (a) No person shall drive a vehicle on any bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel constituting a part of a highway, at a speed which is greater than the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to such structure. (b) Upon the trial of any person charged with a violation of this section with respect to a sign erected under Section 22404, proof of the determination of the maximum speed by the Department of Transportation or local authority and the erection and maintenance of the speed signs shall constitute prima facie evidence of the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to the bridge, elevated structure, tube, or tunnel. (Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545.)
  77. 22406.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain vehicles may not be driven on a highway faster than 55 miles per hour.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22406. No person may drive any of the following vehicles on a highway at a speed in excess of 55 miles per hour: (a) A motortruck or truck tractor having three or more axles or any motortruck or truck tractor drawing any other vehicle. (b) A passenger vehicle or bus drawing any other vehicle. (c) A schoolbus transporting any school pupil. (d) A farm labor vehicle when transporting passengers. (e) A vehicle transporting explosives. (f) A trailer bus, as defined in Section 636. (Amended by Stats. 2000, Ch. 787, Sec. 22. Effective January 1, 2001.)
  78. 22406.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers of certain commercial vehicles, and CDL holders driving noncommercial vehicles, may not exceed the posted speed limit by 15 mph or more on a highway.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22406.1. (a) A person who operates a commercial motor vehicle, as defined in subdivision (b) of Section 15210, upon a highway at a speed exceeding a posted speed limit established under this code by 15 miles per hour or more, is guilty of a misdemeanor. (b) A person who holds a commercial driver’s license, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 15210, and operates a noncommerical motor vehicle upon a highway at a speed exceeding a posted speed limit established under this code by 15 miles per hour or more, is guilty of an infraction. (c) A violation of either subdivision (a) or (b) is a “serious traffic violation,” as defined in subdivision (p) of Section 15210, and is subject to the sanctions provided under Section 15306 or 15308, in addition to any other penalty provided by law. (d) This section shall become operative on September 20, 2005. (Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 952, Sec. 29. Effective January 1, 2005. Amended version operative September 20, 2005, pursuant to earlier operation of new subdivision (d).)
  79. 22406.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers of certain tank vehicles carrying more than 500 gallons of flammable liquid may face fines, and repeat offenses can also lead to a hazardous materials or cargo tank endorsement suspension.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22406.5. Any person who drives a tank vehicle subject to Division 14.7 (commencing with Section 34000) while transporting more than 500 gallons of flammable liquid at a speed greater than the applicable speed limit or in willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property is, in addition to any other applicable penalty, subject to a fine of not less than five hundred dollars ($500) for a first offense and, for a second or subsequent offense within two years of a prior offense, to a fine of not less than two thousand dollars ($2,000) and a suspension of up to six months of a hazardous materials or cargo tank endorsement, or both. (Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 1043, Sec. 1.)
  80. 22407.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation or a local authority may set lower downhill speed limits for certain heavy vehicles if engineering studies and a traffic survey show 55 mph is not reasonable or safe, and the new limit is posted on the highway.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22407. Whenever the Department of Transportation or local authority determines upon the basis of engineering studies and a traffic survey that the speed of 55 miles per hour is more than is reasonable or safe for vehicles mentioned in subdivision (a) of Section 22406, which have a manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or more, in descending a grade upon any portion of a highway, the department or local authority, with respect to highways under their respective jurisdiction, may determine and declare a speed limit of 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, or 20 miles per hour, whichever is found most appropriate to facilitate the orderly movement of traffic and is reasonable and safe, which declared speed limit shall be effective for such vehicles when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon the highway. (Amended by Stats. 1973, Ch. 82, Sec. 1.)
  81. 22409.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not drive a vehicle with solid tires faster than the maximum speed tied to the vehicle’s gross weight.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22409. No person shall operate any vehicle equipped with any solid tire when such vehicle has a gross weight as set forth in the following table at any speed in excess of the speed set forth opposite such gross weight: When gross weight Maximum speed of vehicle and in miles load is: per hour: 10,000 lbs. or more but less than 16,000 lbs. ........................ 25 16,000 lbs. or more but less than 22,000 lbs. ........................ 15 22,000 lbs. or more ........................ 12 (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  82. 22410.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    No person may operate a vehicle with any metal tire in contact with the highway surface at more than 6 miles per hour.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22410. No person shall operate any vehicle equipped with any metal tire in contact with the surface of the highway at a speed in excess of six miles per hour. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  83. 22411.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not operate a motorized scooter faster than 15 miles per hour.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22411. No person shall operate a motorized scooter at a speed in excess of 15 miles per hour. (Added by Stats. 1999, Ch. 722, Sec. 7. Effective January 1, 2000.)
  84. 22413.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may set a 20 or 15 miles per hour speed limit on steep streets after an engineering and traffic survey shows the 25 mph limit is not reasonable and safe.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. Other Speed Laws [22400 - 22413] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22413. Whenever a local authority determines upon the basis of an engineering and traffic survey that the prima facie limit of 25 miles per hour is more than is reasonable and safe on any portion of a street having a grade in excess of 10 percent, the local authority may by ordinance determine and declare a maximum limit of 20 or 15 miles per hour, whichever is found most appropriate and is reasonable and safe. The declared maximum speed shall be effective when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected upon the street. (Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 318.)
  85. 22425.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section lets certain designated cities run speed safety system programs, but it sets limits, notice rules, data controls, and time limits.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. ) ## 22425. (a) As used in this article, the following definitions apply: (1) “Automated speed violation” means a violation of a speed law detected by a speed safety system operated pursuant to this article. (2) “Designated jurisdiction” means any of the Cities of Los Angeles, San Jose, Oakland, Glendale, or Long Beach, or the City and County of San Francisco. (3) A person is “indigent” if either of the following conditions is met: (A) The person meets the income criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 68632 of the Government Code. (B) The person receives public benefits from a program listed in subdivision (a) of Section 68632 of the Government Code. (4) “Local department of transportation” means a designated jurisdiction’s department of transportation or, if a designated jurisdiction does not have a department of transportation, their administrative division, including, but not limited to, a public works department that administers transportation and traffic matters under this code. (5) “School zone” means an area described by subdivision (b) of Section 40802. (6) “Speed safety system” or “system” means a fixed or mobile radar or laser system or any other electronic device that utilizes automated equipment to detect a violation of speed laws and obtains a clear photograph of a speeding vehicle’s license plate. (b) (1) A designated jurisdiction may establish a program for speed enforcement that utilizes a speed safety system, to be operated by a local department of transportation, in the following areas: (A) On a street meeting the standards of a safety corridor under Section 22358.7. (B) On a street a local authority has determined to have had a high number of incidents for motor vehicle speed contests or motor vehicle exhibitions of speed. For the purposes of this provision, a high number of incidents shall be calls for law enforcement to respond to the area for at least four separate incidences of a motor vehicle speed contest or motor vehicle exhibition of speed within the last two years before the placement of the speed safety system. (C) School zones, subject to subdivision (c). (2) The number of speed safety systems operated by a designated jurisdiction at any time shall be limited as follows: (A) For a jurisdiction with a population over 3,000,000, as determined by the United States Census Bureau in the 2020 Census, no more than 125 systems. (B) For a jurisdiction with a population between 800,000 and 3,000,000, inclusive, as determined by the United States Census Bureau in the 2020 Census, no more than 33 systems. (C) For a jurisdiction with a population of 300,000 up to 800,000, as determined by the United States Census Bureau in the 2020 Census, no more than 18 systems. (D) For a jurisdiction with a population of less than 300,000, as determined by the United States Census Bureau in the 2020 Census, no more than 9 systems. (3) A speed enforcement program developed pursuant to paragraph (1) shall place the speed safety systems in locations that are geographically and socioeconomically diverse. The designated jurisdiction shall describe how it has complied with this provision in the Speed Safety System Impact Report described in subdivision (h). (c) If a speed safety system is deployed in a school zone and the school zone has a higher posted speed limit when children are not present, a designated jurisdiction may only enforce the school zone speed limit up to one hour before the regular school session begins, 10 minutes after school begins, one hour during lunch period, and up to one hour after regular school session concludes. For these school zones, flashing beacons activated by a time clock, other automatic device, or manual activation shall be installed on a school zone sign and be active to indicate the times during which the school zone speed limit is enforced with a speed safety system. (d) A speed safety system may be utilized pursuant to subdivision (b) if the program meets all of the following requirements: (1) Clearly identifies the presence of the speed safety system by signs stating “Photo Enforced,” along with the posted speed limit no more than 500 feet before the placement of the system. The signs shall be visible to traffic traveling on the street from the direction of travel for which the system is utilized, and shall be posted at all locations as may be determined necessary by the Department of Transportation after consultation with the California Traffic Control Devices Committee. (2) Identifies the streets or portions of streets that have been approved for enforcement using a speed safety system and the hours of enforcement on the municipality’s internet website, which shall be updated whenever the municipality changes locations of enforcement. (3) Ensures that the speed safety system is regularly inspected, but no less than once every 60 days, and certifies that the system is installed and operating properly. Each camera unit shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and at least once per year by an independent calibration laboratory. Documentation of the regular inspection, operation, and calibration of the system shall be retained at least 180 days after the date on which the system has been permanently removed from use. (4) Utilizes fixed or mobile speed safety systems that provide real-time notification to the driver when violations are detected. (e) A speed safety system shall not be operated on any California state route, as defined in Section 231 of the Streets and Highways Code, including all freeways and expressways, United States highways, interstate highways, or any public road in unincorporated areas of any county where the Commissioner of the California Highway Patrol has full responsibility and primary jurisdiction for the administration and enforcement of the laws, and for the investigation of traffic accidents, pursuant to Section 2400. (f) Prior to enforcing speed laws utilizing speed safety systems, the designated jurisdiction shall do both of the following: (1) Administer a public information campaign for at least 30 calendar days prior to the commencement of the program, which shall include public announcements in major media outlets and press releases. The public information campaign shall include the draft Speed Safety System Use Policy pursuant to subdivision (g), the Speed Safety System Impact Report pursuant to subdivision (h), information on when systems will begin detecting violations, the streets, or portions of streets, where systems will be utilized, and the designated jurisdiction’s internet website, where additional information about the program can be obtained. Notwithstanding the above, no further public announcement by the municipality shall be required for additional systems that may be added to the program. (2) (A) Issue warning notices rather than notices of violation for violations detected by the speed safety systems during the first 60 calendar days of enforcement under the program. If additional systems are utilized on additional streets after the initial program implementation, the designated jurisdiction shall issue warning notices rather than notices of violation for violations detected by the new speed safety systems during the first 60 calendar days of enforcement for the additional streets added to the program. (B) A vehicle’s first violation within a designated jurisdiction for traveling 11 to 15 miles per hour over the posted speed limit shall be a warning notice. (g) The governing body of a designated jurisdiction shall adopt a Speed Safety System Use Policy before entering into an agreement regarding a speed safety system, purchasing or leasing equipment for a program, or implementing a program. The Speed Safety System Use Policy shall set forth the specific purpose for the system, the uses that are authorized, the rules and processes required to be followed by employees and contractors of the designated jurisdiction administering the system prior to its use, and the uses of the equipment and data collected that are prohibited. The policy shall identify the data or information that can be collected by the speed safety system and the individuals who can access or use the collected information, and the rules and processes related to the access, transfer, and use or use of the information. The policy shall also include provisions for protecting data from unauthorized access, data retention, public access, third-party data sharing, training, auditing, and oversight to ensure compliance with the Speed Safety System Use Policy. The Speed Safety System Use Policy shall be made available for public review, including, but not limited to, by posting it on the designated jurisdiction’s internet website at least 30 calendar days prior to adoption by the governing body of the designated jurisdiction. (h) (1) The governing body of the designated jurisdiction also shall approve a Speed Safety System Impact Report prior to implementing a program. The Speed Safety System Impact Report shall include all of the following information: (A) Assessment of potential impact of the speed safety system on civil liberties and civil rights and any plans to safeguard those public rights. (B) Description of the speed safety system and how it works. (C) Fiscal costs for the speed safety system, including program establishment costs, ongoing costs, and program funding. (D) If potential deployment locations of systems are predominantly in low-income neighborhoods, a determination of why these locations experience high fatality and injury collisions due to unsafe speed. (E) Locations where the system may be deployed and traffic data for these locations, including the address of where the cameras will be located. (F) Proposed purpose of the speed safety system. (2) The Speed Safety System Impact Report shall be made available for public review at least 30 calendar days prior to adoption by the governing body at a public hearing. (3) The governing body of the designated jurisdiction shall consult and work collaboratively with relevant local stakeholder organizations, including racial equity, privacy protection, and economic justice groups, in developing the Speed Safety System Use Policy and Speed Safety System Impact Report. (i) The designated jurisdiction shall develop uniform guidelines, consistent with the provisions of this section, for both of the following: (1) The screening and issuing of notices of violation. (2) The processing and storage of confidential information and procedures to ensure compliance with confidentiality requirements. (j) Notices of violation issued pursuant to this section shall include a clear photograph of the license plate and rear of the vehicle only, identify the specific section of the Vehicle Code violated, the camera location, and the date and time when the violation occurred. Notices of violation shall exclude images of the rear window area of the vehicle. (k) The photographic evidence stored by a speed safety system does not constitute an out-of-court hearsay statement by a declarant under Division 10 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Evidence Code. (l) (1) Notwithstanding any provision of the California Public Records Act, or any other law, photographic or administrative records made by a system shall be confidential. Public agencies shall use and allow access to these records only for the purposes authorized by this article or to assess the impacts of the system. Data about the number of violations issued and the speeds at which they were issued is not considered an administrative record required not to be disclosed by this section. (2) Confidential information obtained from the Department of Motor Vehicles for the administration of speed safety systems and enforcement of this article shall be held confidential, and shall not be used for any other purpose. Designated jurisdictions agents shall establish procedures to protect the confidentiality of these records consistent with Section 1808.47. (3) Except for court records described in Section 68152 of the Government Code, or as provided in paragraph (4), the confidential records and evidence described in paragraphs (1) and (2) may be retained for up to 60 days after final disposition of the notice of violation. The designated jurisdiction may retain information that a vehicle has been cited and fined for a violation for up to three years. The municipality may adopt a retention period of less than 60 days in the Speed Safety System Use Policy. Administrative records described in paragraph (1) may be retained for up to 120 days after final disposition of the notice of violation. Notwithstanding any other law, the confidential records and evidence shall be destroyed in a manner that maintains the confidentiality of any person included in the record or evidence. (4) Photographic evidence that is obtained from a speed safety system that does not result in the issuance of a notice of violation shall be destroyed within five business days after the photograph was first made. The use of facial recognition technology in conjunction with a speed safety system shall be prohibited. (5) Information collected and maintained by a designated jurisdiction to administer a program shall only be used to administer the program, and shall not be disclosed to any other persons, including, but not limited to, any other state or federal government agency or official for any other purpose, except as required by state or federal law, court order, or in response to a subpoena in an individual case or proceeding. (m) Notwithstanding subdivision (l), the registered owner or an individual identified by the registered owner as the driver of the vehicle at the time of the alleged violation shall be permitted to review and obtain a copy of the photographic evidence of the alleged violation. (n) A contract between the designated jurisdiction and a manufacturer or supplier of speed safety systems shall allow the local authority to purchase materials, lease equipment, and contract for processing services from the manufacturer or supplier based on the services rendered on a monthly schedule or another schedule agreed upon by the municipality and contractor. The contract shall not allow for payment or compensation based on the number of notices of violation issued, or as a percentage of revenue generated, from the use of the system. The contract shall include a provision that all data collected from the speed safety systems is confidential, and shall prohibit the manufacturer or supplier of the contracted speed safety system from sharing, repurposing, or monetizing collected data, except as specifically authorized in this article. The designated jurisdiction shall oversee, maintain control, and have the final decision over all enforcement activities, including the determination of when a notice of violation should be issued. (o) Notwithstanding subdivision (n), a designated jurisdiction may contract with a vendor for the processing of notices of violation after an employee of a designated jurisdiction has issued a notice of violation. The vendor shall be a separate legal and corporate entity from, and not related to or affiliated in any manner with, the manufacturer or supplier of speed safety systems used by the designated jurisdiction. Any contract between the designated jurisdiction and a vendor to provide processing services may include a provision for the payment of compensation based on the number of notices of violation processed by the vendor. (p) (1) A speed safety system at a specific location shall be operated for no more than 18 months after installation of a system, unless one of the following thresholds has been met: (A) A reduction in the 85th percentile speed of vehicles compared to data collected before the system was in operation. (B) A 20-percent reduction in vehicles that exceed the posted speed limit by 10 miles per hour or more compared to data collected before the system was in operation. (C) A 20-percent reduction in the number of violators who received two or more violations at the location since the system became operational. (2) (A) Paragraph (1) does not apply if a designated jurisdiction adds traffic-calming measures to the street. “Traffic-calming measures” include, but are not limited to, all of the following: (i) Bicycle lanes. (ii) Chicanes. (iii) Chokers. (iv) Curb extensions. (v) Median islands. (vi) Raised crosswalks. (vii) Road diets. (viii) Roundabouts. (ix) Speed humps or speed tables. (x) Traffic circles. (xi) Flashing beacons for school zone speed limits. (B) A designated jurisdiction may continue to operate a speed safety system with a fixed or mobile vehicle speed feedback sign while traffic-calming measures are being planned or constructed, but shall halt their use if construction has not begun within two years. (3) If the percentage of violations has not decreased by the metrics identified pursuant to paragraph (1) within one year after traffic-calming measures have completed construction, a designated jurisdiction shall either construct additional traffic-calming measures or cease operation of the system on that street. (q) The speed safety system, to the extent feasible, shall be angled and focused so as to only capture photographs of speeding violations and shall not capture identifying images of other drivers, vehicles, or pedestrians. (r) Notwithstanding subdivision (c) of Section 21455.6, the designated jurisdictions listed herein may use automated enforcement systems and photo radar for speed enforcement consistent with this article. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. (AB 645) Effective January 1, 2024. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22431.)
  86. 22426.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    Speed-safety-system violations are handled by civil penalty only, with notices sent to registered owners and specific penalties set by speeding range.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. ) ## 22426. (a) Notwithstanding any other law, a violation of any speed law pursuant to this chapter that is recorded by a speed safety system authorized pursuant to Section 22425 shall be subject only to a civil penalty, as provided in subdivision (c), and shall not result in the department suspending or revoking the privilege of a violator to drive a motor vehicle or in a violation point being assessed against the violator. (b) The speed safety system shall capture images of the rear license plate of vehicles that are traveling 11 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit and notices of violation shall only be issued to registered owners of those vehicles based on that evidence. (c) A civil penalty shall be assessed as follows: (1) Fifty dollars ($50) for driving at a speed of 11 to 15 miles per hour over the posted speed limit. (2) One hundred dollars ($100) for driving at a speed of 16 to 25 miles per hour over the posted speed limit. (3) Two hundred dollars ($200) for driving at a speed of 26 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit, unless paragraph (4) applies. (4) Five hundred dollars ($500) for driving at a speed of 100 miles per hour or more. (d) A civil penalty shall not be assessed against an authorized emergency vehicle. (e) The notice of violation shall be in writing and issued to the registered owner of the vehicle within 15 calendar days of the date of the violation. The notice of violation shall include all of the following information: (1) The violation, including reference to the speed law that was violated, the speed of the vehicle, the speed limit for the road on which the violation occurred, and verification of the most recent calibration of the system in accordance with paragraph (3) of subdivision (d) of Section 22425. (2) The date, approximate time, and location where the violation occurred. (3) The vehicle license number and the name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle. (4) A statement that payment is required to be made no later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of the notice of violation, or that the violation may be contested pursuant to Section 22427. (5) The amount of the civil penalty due for that violation and the procedures for the payment of the civil penalty or for contesting the notice of violation. (6) An affidavit of nonliability, and information of what constitutes nonliability, information as to the effect of executing the affidavit, and instructions for returning the affidavit to the processor. If the affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a written lease or rental agreement between a bona fide rental company, as defined in Section 1939.01 of the Civil Code, or a personal vehicle sharing program, as defined in Section 11580.24 of the Insurance Code, and its customer that identifies the renter or lessee, the processing agency shall serve or mail a notice of violation to the renter or lessee identified in the affidavit of nonliability. If the affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a copy of a police report indicating the vehicle had been stolen at the time of the violation, the processing agency shall not subject the registered owner to a civil violation. (7) A proof of service consistent with Section 1013a of the Code of Civil Procedure. (f) Mobile radar or laser systems shall not be used until at least two years after the installation of the first fixed radar or laser system unless the mobile radar or laser system is kept at a fixed location. (g) (1) Revenues derived from any program utilizing a speed safety system for speed limit enforcement shall first be used to recover program costs. Program costs include, but are not limited to, the construction of traffic-calming measures for the purposes of complying with subdivision (p) of Section 22425, the installation of speed safety systems, the adjudication of violations, and reporting requirements as specified in this section. (2) Jurisdictions shall maintain their existing commitment of local funds for traffic-calming measures in order to remain authorized to participate in the pilot program, and shall annually expend not less than the annual average of expenditures for traffic-calming measures during the 2016–17, 2017–18, and 2018–19 fiscal years. For purposes of this subdivision, in calculating average expenditures on traffic-calming measures, restricted funds that may not be available on an ongoing basis, including those from voter-approved bond issuances or tax measures, shall not be included. Any excess revenue shall be used for traffic-calming measures within three years of the end of the fiscal year in which the excess revenue was received. If traffic-calming measures are not planned or constructed after the third year, excess revenue shall revert to the Active Transportation Program established pursuant to Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 2380) of the Streets and Highways Code, to be allocated by the California Transportation Commission pursuant to Section 2381 of the Streets and Highways Code. (h) A person shall not be accessed a civil penalty if they are subject to criminal penalties for the same act. (i) A speed safety system may only be in operation for five years, or until January 1, 2032, whichever date is sooner. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. (AB 645) Effective January 1, 2024. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22431.)
  87. 22427.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section lets a person contest a notice of violation through an initial review and, if needed, an administrative hearing, with set deadlines and refund rules.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. ) ## 22427. (a) No later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of a notice of violation, the recipient may request an initial review of the notice by the issuing agency. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. There shall be no charge for this review. If, following the initial review, the issuing agency is satisfied that the violation did not occur, or that extenuating circumstances make cancellation of the notice of violation appropriate in the interest of justice, the issuing agency shall cancel the notice of violation. The issuing agency shall advise the processing agency, if any, of the cancellation. The issuing agency or the processing agency shall mail the results of the initial review to the person contesting the notice within 60 days of receipt of the recipient’s request for an initial review, and, if cancellation of the notice does not occur following that review, include a reason for that denial, notification of the ability to request an administrative hearing, and notice of the procedures adopted by the designated jurisdiction for the administrative hearing, including for waiving prepayment of the civil penalty based upon an inability to pay pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (b). (b) (1) If the person contesting the notice of violation is dissatisfied with the results of the initial review, the person may, no later than 21 calendar days following the mailing of the results of the issuing agency’s initial review, request an administrative hearing of the violation. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. (2) The person requesting an administrative hearing shall pay the amount of the civil penalty to the processing agency. The issuing agency shall adopt a written procedure to allow a person to request an administrative hearing without payment of the civil penalty upon satisfactory proof of an inability to pay the amount due. (3) The administrative hearing shall be held within 90 calendar days following the receipt of a request for an administrative hearing. The person requesting the hearing may request one continuance, not to exceed 21 calendar days. (c) The administrative hearing process shall include all of the following: (1) The person requesting a hearing shall have the choice of a hearing upon written declaration, video conference, or in person. An in-person hearing shall be conducted within the jurisdiction of the issuing agency. (2) If the person requesting a hearing is an unemancipated minor, that person shall be permitted to appear at a hearing or admit responsibility for the automated speed violation without the appointment of a guardian. The processing agency may proceed against the minor in the same manner as against an adult. (3) The administrative hearing shall be conducted in accordance with written procedures established by the issuing agency and approved by the governing body or chief executive officer of the issuing agency. The hearing shall provide an independent, objective, fair, and impartial review of contested automated speed violations. (4) (A) The issuing agency’s governing body or chief executive officer of the designated jurisdiction shall appoint or contract with qualified independent examiners or administrative hearing providers that employ qualified independent examiners to conduct the administrative hearings. Examiners shall demonstrate the qualifications, training, and objectivity necessary to conduct a fair and impartial review, and shall meet the minimum requirements specified in subparagraph (B). The examiner shall be separate and independent from the notice of violation issuing and processing functions. An examiner’s continued employment, performance evaluation, compensation, and benefits shall not, directly or indirectly, be linked to the amount of civil penalties upheld by the examiner or the number or percentage of violations upheld by the examiner. (B) (i) Examiners shall have a minimum of 20 hours of training. The examiner, unless an employee of the designated jurisdiction, is responsible for the costs of the training. The issuing agency may reimburse the examiner for those costs. Training may be provided through any of the following: (I) An accredited college or university. (II) A program conducted by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. (III) A program conducted by the American Arbitration Association or a similar organization. (IV) Any program approved by the governing body or chief executive officer of the issuing agency, including a program developed and provided by, or for, the agency. (ii) Training programs shall include topics relevant to the administrative hearing, including, but not limited to, applicable laws and regulations, enforcement procedures, due process, evaluation of evidence, hearing procedures, and effective oral and written communication. Upon the approval of the governing body or chief executive officer of the issuing agency, up to 12 hours of relevant experience may be substituted for up to 12 hours of training. Up to eight hours of the training requirements described in this subparagraph may be credited to an individual, at the discretion of the governing body or chief executive officer of the issuing agency, based upon training programs or courses described in this subparagraph that the individual attended within the last five years. (5) The employee of the designated jurisdiction who issues a notice of violation shall not be required to participate in an administrative hearing. To establish a violation, the issuing agency shall not be required to produce any evidence other than, in proper form, the notice of violation or copy thereof, including the photograph of the vehicle’s license plate, and information received from the Department of Motor Vehicles identifying the registered owner of the vehicle. The documentation in proper form shall be prima facie evidence of the violation. If the designated jurisdiction meets its initial burden the recipient of the notice of violation may present any evidence and argument in defense. (6) The examiner’s final decision following the administrative hearing may be personally delivered to the person by the examiner or sent by first-class mail within 60 days of the date of the conclusion of the administrative hearing. (7) Following a determination by the examiner that a person has committed the violation, the examiner may, consistent with the written guidelines established by the issuing agency, allow payment of the civil penalty in installments, or an issuing agency may allow for deferred payment or payments in installments, if the person provides evidence satisfactory to the examiner or the issuing agency, as the case may be, of an inability to pay the civil penalty in full. If authorized by the governing body of the issuing agency, the examiner may permit the performance of community service in lieu of payment of the civil penalty. (8) If a notice of violation is dismissed following an administrative hearing, any civil penalty, if paid, shall be refunded by the issuing agency within 30 days. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. (AB 645) Effective January 1, 2024. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22431.)
  88. 22428.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    A contestant may appeal to superior court within 30 days, and the court and agencies must handle the appeal record, notice, fee, and refund rules as stated.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. ) ## 22428. (a) Within 30 days after personal delivery or mailing of the final decision described in subdivision (c) of Section 22427, the contestant may seek review by filing an appeal to the superior court, where the case shall be heard de novo, except that the contents of the processing agency’s file in the case on appeal shall be lodged by the designated agency at the designated agency’s expense and be received into evidence. A copy of the notice of violation shall be admitted into evidence as prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the notice. A copy of the notice of appeal shall be served in person or by certified first-class mail with return receipt upon the processing agency by the appellant. For purposes of computing the 30-day period, Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable. A proceeding under this subdivision is a limited civil case. (b) The fee for filing the notice of appeal shall be as provided in Section 70615 of the Government Code. Upon receipt of the notice of appeal, the designated jurisdiction shall lodge its administrative record for the case with the court within 15 calendar days. The court shall notify the appellant of the appearance date by mail or personal delivery. The court shall retain the fee under Section 70615 of the Government Code regardless of the outcome of the appeal. If the appellant prevails, this fee and any payment of the civil penalty shall be promptly refunded by the issuing agency in accordance with the judgment of the court. (c) The conduct of the hearing on appeal under this section is a subordinate judicial duty that may be performed by a commissioner or other subordinate judicial officer at the direction of the presiding judge of the court. (d) If a notice of appeal of the examiner’s decision is not filed within the period set forth in subdivision (a), the decision shall be deemed final. (e) If the civil penalty has not been paid and the final decision is adverse to the appellant, the processing agency may, promptly after the decision becomes final, proceed to collect the civil penalty under Section 22426. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. (AB 645) Effective January 1, 2024. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22431.)
  89. 22429.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    A designated jurisdiction must offer indigent speed safety system violation recipients community service or a payment plan, and must reduce fines and penalties for qualifying persons.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. ) ## 22429. (a) A designated jurisdiction shall offer a diversion program for indigent speed safety system violation recipients, to perform community service in lieu of paying the penalty for a speed system violation. (b) A designated jurisdiction shall offer the ability for indigent speed safety system violation recipients to pay applicable fines and penalties over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments of no more than twenty-five dollars ($25) and shall limit the processing fee to participate in a payment plan to five dollars ($5) or less. (c) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) and (b), a designated jurisdiction shall reduce the applicable fines and penalties by 80 percent for indigent persons, and by 50 percent for individuals up to 250 percent above the federal poverty level. (d) The person may demonstrate that they are indigent or make up to 250 percent above the poverty level or less by providing either of the following information, as applicable: (1) Proof of income from a pay stub or another form of proof of earnings, such as a bank statement, that shows that the person meets the income criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, subject to review and approval by the processing agency or its designee. The processing agency or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (2) Proof of receipt of benefits under the programs described in subdivision (a) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, including, but not limited to, an electronic benefits transfer card or another card, subject to review and approval by the processing agency. The processing agency or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. (AB 645) Effective January 1, 2024. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22431.)
  90. 22430.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    A designated jurisdiction that used speed safety systems must submit an evaluation by March 1 of the fifth year after implementation and make the report available online.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. ) ## 22430. Any designated jurisdiction that used speed safety systems shall, on or before March 1 of the fifth year in which the system has been implemented, submit to its governing body and the transportation committees of the Legislature, consistent with Section 9795 of the Government Code, an evaluation of the speed safety system in their respective jurisdictions to determine the system’s impact on street safety and the system’s economic impact on the communities where the system is utilized. The report shall be made available on the internet websites of the respective jurisdictions and shall include all of the following information: (a) Data, at least three months before and at least six months after implementation of each system, on the number and proportion of vehicles speeding from 11 to 15 miles per hour over the legal speed limit, inclusive, from 16 to 25 miles per hour over the legal speed limit, inclusive, 26 miles per hour over the legal speed limit, and for every violator traveling at a speed of 100 miles per hour or greater. Data shall also be collected on the average speed of vehicles and 85th percentile speed of vehicles. To the extent feasible, the data should be collected at the same time of day, day of week, and location. (b) The number of notices of violation issued under the program by month and year, the corridors or locations where violations occurred, and the number of vehicles with two or more violations in a monthly period and a yearly period. (c) Data, before and after implementation of the system, on the number of traffic collisions that occurred where speed safety systems are used, relative to citywide data, and the transportation mode of the parties involved. The data on traffic collisions shall be categorized by collision type and injury severity, such as property damage only, complaint of pain, other visible injury, or severe or fatal injury. (d) The number of violations paid, the number of delinquent violations, and the number of violations for which an initial review is requested. For the violations in which an initial review was requested, the report shall indicate the number of violations that went to initial review, administrative hearing, and de novo hearing, the number of notices that were dismissed at each level of review, and the number of notices that were not dismissed after each level of review. (e) The costs associated with implementation and operation of the speed safety systems, and revenues collected by each jurisdiction. (f) A racial and economic equity impact analysis, developed in collaboration with local racial justice and economic equity stakeholder groups. The analysis shall include the number of notices of violations issued to indigent individuals, the number of notices of violations issued to individuals of up to 250 percent above the poverty line, and the number of violations issued to each ZIP Code. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. (AB 645) Effective January 1, 2024. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22431.)
  91. 22431.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. )

    Verify source ↗

    This article stays in force until January 1, 2032, and is repealed on that date.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 3. Speed Safety System Pilot Program [22425 - 22431] ( Article 3 added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. ) ## 22431. This article shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2032, and as of that date is repealed. (Added by Stats. 2023, Ch. 808, Sec. 4. (AB 645) Effective January 1, 2024. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, by its own provisions. Repeal affects Article 3, commencing with Section 22425.)
  92. 22435.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The City of Malibu may run a speed safety pilot program with up to five systems, but only if it follows the article’s notice, reporting, inspection, confidentiality, and contract rules.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. ) ## 22435. (a) As used in this article, the following definitions apply: (1) “Automated speed violation” means a violation of a speed law detected by a speed safety system operated pursuant to this article. (2) “Designated jurisdiction” means the City of Malibu. (3) A person is “indigent” if either of the following conditions is met: (A) The person meets the income criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 68632 of the Government Code. (B) The person receives public benefits from a program listed in subdivision (a) of Section 68632 of the Government Code. (4) “Local department of transportation” means the City of Malibu’s department that administers transportation and traffic matters under this code. (5) “Speed safety system” or “system” means a fixed or mobile radar or laser system or any other electronic device that utilizes automated equipment to detect a violation of speed laws and obtains a clear photograph of a speeding vehicle’s license plate. (b) The designated jurisdiction may establish a program for speed enforcement that utilizes up to five speed safety systems, to be operated by the local department of transportation, on the Pacific Coast Highway. (c) The speed safety system may be utilized pursuant to subdivision (b) if the program meets all of the following requirements: (1) The designated jurisdiction continues funding the additional traffic enforcement on the Pacific Coast Highway provided by the Department of the California Highway Patrol. (2) Clearly identifies the presence of the speed safety system by signs stating “Photo Enforced,” along with the speed limit signs with flashing beacons and speed feedback signs, no more than 500 feet before the placement of the system. The signs shall be visible to traffic traveling on the street from the direction of travel for which the system is utilized, and shall be posted at locations as may be determined necessary by the Department of Transportation after consultation with the California Traffic Control Devices Committee. (3) Identifies the street or portions of the street approved for enforcement using a speed safety system and the hours of enforcement on the municipality’s internet website, which shall be updated whenever the municipality changes locations of enforcement. (4) Ensures that the speed safety system is regularly inspected no less than once every 60 days, and certifies that the system is installed and operating properly. Each camera unit shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and at least once per year by an independent calibration laboratory. Documentation of the regular inspection, operation, and calibration of the system shall be retained for at least 180 days after the date on which the system has been permanently removed from use. (5) Utilizes fixed or mobile speed safety systems that provide real-time notification to the driver when violations are detected. (d) Prior to enforcing speed laws utilizing speed safety systems, the designated jurisdiction shall do both of the following: (1) Administer a public information campaign for at least 30 calendar days prior to the commencement of the program, which shall include public announcements in major media outlets and press releases. The public information campaign shall include the draft Speed Safety System Use Policy pursuant to subdivision (e), the Speed Safety System Impact Report pursuant to subdivision (f), information on when systems will begin detecting violations, the street, or portions of the street, where systems will be utilized, and the designated jurisdiction’s internet website, where additional information about the program can be obtained. Notwithstanding the above, no further public announcement by the municipality shall be required for additional systems that may be added to the program. (2) (A) Issue warning notices rather than notices of violation for violations detected by the speed safety system during the first 60 calendar days of enforcement under the program. (B) A vehicle’s first violation for traveling 11 to 15 miles per hour over the posted speed limit shall be a warning notice. (e) The governing body of the designated jurisdiction shall adopt a Speed Safety System Use Policy before entering into an agreement regarding a speed safety system, purchasing or leasing equipment for a program, or implementing a program. The Speed Safety System Use Policy shall set forth the specific purpose for the system, the uses that are authorized, the rules and processes required to be followed by employees and contractors of the designated jurisdiction administering the system prior to its use, and the uses of the equipment and data collected that are prohibited. The policy shall identify the data or information that can be collected by the speed safety system and the individuals who can access or use the collected information, and the rules and processes related to the access, transfer, and use or use of the information. The policy shall also include provisions for protecting data from unauthorized access, data retention, public access, third-party data sharing, training, auditing, and oversight to ensure compliance with the Speed Safety System Use Policy. The Speed Safety System Use Policy shall be made available for public review, including, but not limited to, by posting it on the designated jurisdiction’s internet website at least 30 calendar days prior to adoption by the governing body of the designated jurisdiction. (f) (1) The governing body of the designated jurisdiction shall approve a Speed Safety System Impact Report prior to implementing a program. The Speed Safety System Impact Report shall include all of the following information: (A) Assessment of the potential impact of the speed safety system on civil liberties and civil rights and any plans to safeguard those public rights. (B) Description of the speed safety system and how it works. (C) Fiscal costs for the speed safety system, including program establishment costs, ongoing costs, and program funding. (D) If potential deployment locations of systems are predominantly in low-income neighborhoods, a determination of why these locations experience high fatality and injury collisions due to unsafe speed. (E) Locations where the system may be deployed and traffic data for these locations, including the address where the cameras will be located. (F) Proposed purpose of the speed safety system. (2) The Speed Safety System Impact Report shall be made available for public review at least 30 calendar days prior to adoption by the governing body at a public hearing. (3) The governing body of the designated jurisdiction shall consult and work collaboratively with relevant local stakeholder organizations, including racial equity, privacy protection, and economic justice groups, in developing the Speed Safety System Use Policy and Speed Safety System Impact Report. (g) The designated jurisdiction shall develop uniform guidelines, consistent with the provisions of this section, for both of the following: (1) The screening and issuing of notices of violation. (2) The processing and storage of confidential information and procedures to ensure compliance with confidentiality requirements. (h) Notices of violation issued pursuant to this section shall include a clear photograph of the license plate and rear of the vehicle only, identify the specific section of the Vehicle Code violated, the camera location, and the date and time when the violation occurred. Notices of violation shall exclude images of the rear window area of the vehicle. (i) The photographic evidence stored by a speed safety system does not constitute an out-of-court hearsay statement by a declarant under Division 10 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Evidence Code. (j) (1) Notwithstanding any provision of the California Public Records Act, or any other law, photographic or administrative records made by a system shall be confidential. Public agencies shall use and allow access to these records only for the purposes authorized by this article or to assess the impacts of the system. Data about the number of violations issued and the speeds at which they were issued is not considered an administrative record required not to be disclosed by this section. (2) Confidential information obtained from the Department of Motor Vehicles for the administration of speed safety systems and enforcement of this article shall be held confidential, and shall not be used for any other purpose. Designated jurisdictions’ agents shall establish procedures to protect the confidentiality of these records consistent with Section 1808.47. (3) Except for court records described in Section 68152 of the Government Code, or as provided in paragraph (4), the confidential records and evidence described in paragraphs (1) and (2) may be retained for up to 60 days after final disposition of the notice of violation. The designated jurisdiction may retain information that a vehicle has been cited and fined for a violation for up to three years. The municipality may adopt a retention period of less than 60 days in the Speed Safety System Use Policy. Administrative records described in paragraph (1) may be retained for up to 120 days after final disposition of the notice of violation. Notwithstanding any other law, the confidential records and evidence shall be destroyed in a manner that maintains the confidentiality of any person included in the record or evidence. (4) Photographic evidence that is obtained from a speed safety system that does not result in the issuance of a notice of violation shall be destroyed within five business days after the photograph was first made. The use of facial recognition technology in conjunction with a speed safety system shall be prohibited. (5) Information collected and maintained by a designated jurisdiction to administer a program shall only be used to administer the program, and shall not be disclosed to any other persons, including, but not limited to, any other state or federal governmental agency or official for any other purpose, except as required by state or federal law, court order, or in response to a subpoena in an individual case or proceeding. (k) Notwithstanding subdivision (j), the registered owner or an individual identified by the registered owner as the driver of the vehicle at the time of the alleged violation shall be permitted to review and obtain a copy of the photographic evidence of the alleged violation. (l) A contract between the designated jurisdiction and a manufacturer or supplier of speed safety systems shall allow the local authority to purchase materials, lease equipment, and contract for processing services from the manufacturer or supplier based on the services rendered on a monthly schedule or another schedule agreed upon by the municipality and contractor. The contract shall not allow for payment or compensation based on the number of notices of violation issued, or as a percentage of revenue generated, from the use of the system. The contract shall include a provision that all data collected from the speed safety system is confidential, and shall prohibit the manufacturer or supplier of the contracted speed safety system from sharing, repurposing, or monetizing collected data, except as specifically authorized in this article. The designated jurisdiction shall oversee, maintain control, and have the final decision over all enforcement activities, including the determination of when a notice of violation should be issued. (m) Notwithstanding subdivision (l), a designated jurisdiction may contract with a vendor for the processing of notices of violation after an employee of a designated jurisdiction has issued a notice of violation. The vendor shall be a separate legal and corporate entity from, and not related to or affiliated in any manner with, the manufacturer or supplier of speed safety systems used by the designated jurisdiction. Any contract between the designated jurisdiction and a vendor to provide processing services may include a provision for the payment of compensation based on the number of notices of violation processed by the vendor. (n) The speed safety system, to the extent feasible, shall be angled and focused so as to only capture photographs of speeding violations and shall not capture identifying images of other drivers, vehicles, or pedestrians. (o) Notwithstanding subdivision (c) of Section 21455.6, the designated jurisdiction listed herein may use automated enforcement systems and photographic radar for speed enforcement consistent with this article. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. (SB 1297) Effective January 1, 2025. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Sec. 22441.)
  93. 22436.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section limits Malibu’s speed-safety pilot program rules: certain speeding violations trigger only civil penalties, the system must capture rear plate images and issue notices to registered owners, and the program has notice, funding, use-of-revenue, and operation limits.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. ) ## 22436. (a) Notwithstanding any other law, a violation of any speed law pursuant to this chapter that is recorded by a speed safety system authorized pursuant to Section 22435 shall be subject only to a civil penalty, as provided in subdivision (c), and shall not result in the department suspending or revoking the privilege of a violator to drive a motor vehicle or in a violation point being assessed against the violator. (b) The speed safety system shall capture images of the rear license plate of vehicles that are traveling 11 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit and notices of violation shall only be issued to registered owners of those vehicles based on that evidence. (c) A civil penalty shall be assessed as follows: (1) Fifty dollars ($50) for driving at a speed of 11 to 15 miles per hour over the posted speed limit. (2) One hundred dollars ($100) for driving at a speed of 16 to 25 miles per hour over the posted speed limit. (3) Two hundred dollars ($200) for driving at a speed of 26 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit, unless paragraph (4) applies. (4) Five hundred dollars ($500) for driving at a speed of 100 miles per hour or more. (d) A civil penalty shall not be assessed against an authorized emergency vehicle. (e) The notice of violation shall be in writing and issued to the registered owner of the vehicle within 15 calendar days of the date of the violation. The notice of violation shall include all of the following information: (1) The violation, including reference to the speed law that was violated, the speed of the vehicle, the speed limit for the road on which the violation occurred, and verification of the most recent calibration of the system in accordance with paragraph (4) of subdivision (c) of Section 22435. (2) The date, approximate time, and location where the violation occurred. (3) The vehicle license number and the name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle. (4) A statement that payment is required to be made no later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of the notice of violation, or that the violation may be contested pursuant to Section 22437. (5) The amount of the civil penalty due for that violation and the procedures for the payment of the civil penalty or for contesting the notice of violation. (6) An affidavit of nonliability, and information of what constitutes nonliability, information as to the effect of executing the affidavit, and instructions for returning the affidavit to the processor. If the affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a written lease or rental agreement between a bona fide rental company, as defined in Section 1939.01 of the Civil Code, or a personal vehicle sharing program, as defined in Section 11580.24 of the Insurance Code, and its customer that identifies the renter or lessee, the processing agency shall serve or mail a notice of violation to the renter or lessee identified in the affidavit of nonliability. If the affidavit of nonliability is returned to the processing agency within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a copy of a police report indicating the vehicle had been stolen at the time of the violation, the processing agency shall not subject the registered owner to a civil violation. (7) A proof of service consistent with Section 1013a of the Code of Civil Procedure. (f) Mobile radar or laser systems shall not be used until at least two years after the installation of the first fixed radar or laser system unless the mobile radar or laser system is kept at a fixed location. (g) (1) Revenues derived from any program utilizing a speed safety system for speed limit enforcement shall first be used to recover program costs. Program costs include, but are not limited to, the installation of speed safety systems, the adjudication of violations, and reporting requirements as specified in this section. (2) The designated jurisdiction shall maintain their existing commitment of local funds for traffic-calming measures in order to remain authorized to participate in the pilot program, and shall annually expend not less than the annual average of expenditures for traffic-calming measures during the 2016–17, 2017–18, and 2018–19 fiscal years. For purposes of this subdivision, in calculating average expenditures on traffic-calming measures, restricted funds that may not be available on an ongoing basis, including those from voter-approved bond issuances or tax measures, shall not be included. The designated jurisdiction shall enter into an agreement with the Department of Transportation for the use of any excess revenue for traffic calming-measures on the Pacific Coast Highway, in the City of Malibu. Excess revenue shall be used for traffic-calming measures within three years of the end of the fiscal year in which the excess revenue was received. If traffic-calming measures are not planned or constructed after the third year, excess revenue shall revert to the Active Transportation Program established pursuant to Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 2380) of the Streets and Highways Code, to be allocated by the California Transportation Commission pursuant to Section 2381 of the Streets and Highways Code. (h) A person shall not be assessed a civil penalty if they are subject to criminal penalties for the same act. (i) A speed safety system may only be in operation for five years, or until January 1, 2032, whichever date is sooner. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. (SB 1297) Effective January 1, 2025. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Sec. 22441.)
  94. 22437.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section gives a person cited for an automated speed violation the right to ask for an initial review, and later an administrative hearing, within set deadlines.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. ) ## 22437. (a) No later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of a notice of violation, the recipient may request an initial review of the notice by the issuing agency. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. There shall be no charge for this review. If, following the initial review, the issuing agency is satisfied that the violation did not occur, or that extenuating circumstances make cancellation of the notice of violation appropriate in the interest of justice, the issuing agency shall cancel the notice of violation. The issuing agency shall advise the processing agency, if any, of the cancellation. The issuing agency or the processing agency shall mail the results of the initial review to the person contesting the notice within 60 days of receipt of the recipient’s request for an initial review, and, if cancellation of the notice does not occur following that review, include a reason for that denial, notification of the ability to request an administrative hearing, and notice of the procedures adopted by the designated jurisdiction for the administrative hearing, including for waiving prepayment of the civil penalty based upon an inability to pay pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (b). (b) (1) If the person contesting the notice of violation is dissatisfied with the results of the initial review, the person may, no later than 21 calendar days following the mailing of the results of the issuing agency’s initial review, request an administrative hearing of the violation. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. (2) The person requesting an administrative hearing shall pay the amount of the civil penalty to the processing agency. The issuing agency shall adopt a written procedure to allow a person to request an administrative hearing without payment of the civil penalty upon satisfactory proof of an inability to pay the amount due. (3) The administrative hearing shall be held within 90 calendar days following the receipt of a request for an administrative hearing. The person requesting the hearing may request one continuance, not to exceed 21 calendar days. (c) The administrative hearing process shall include all of the following: (1) The person requesting a hearing shall have the choice of a hearing upon written declaration, video conference, or in person. An in-person hearing shall be conducted within the jurisdiction of the issuing agency. (2) If the person requesting a hearing is an unemancipated minor, that person shall be permitted to appear at a hearing or admit responsibility for the automated speed violation without the appointment of a guardian. The processing agency may proceed against the minor in the same manner as against an adult. (3) The administrative hearing shall be conducted in accordance with written procedures established by the issuing agency and approved by the governing body or chief executive officer of the issuing agency. The hearing shall provide an independent, objective, fair, and impartial review of contested automated speed violations. (4) (A) The issuing agency’s governing body or chief executive officer of the designated jurisdiction shall appoint or contract with qualified independent examiners or administrative hearing providers that employ qualified independent examiners to conduct the administrative hearings. Examiners shall demonstrate the qualifications, training, and objectivity necessary to conduct a fair and impartial review, and shall meet the minimum requirements specified in subparagraph (B). The examiner shall be separate and independent from the notice of violation issuing and processing functions. An examiner’s continued employment, performance evaluation, compensation, and benefits shall not, directly or indirectly, be linked to the amount of civil penalties upheld by the examiner or the number or percentage of violations upheld by the examiner. (B) (i) Examiners shall have a minimum of 20 hours of training. The examiner, unless an employee of the designated jurisdiction, is responsible for the costs of the training. The issuing agency may reimburse the examiner for those costs. Training may be provided through any of the following: (I) An accredited college or university. (II) A program conducted by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. (III) A program conducted by the American Arbitration Association or a similar organization. (IV) Any program approved by the governing body or chief executive officer of the issuing agency, including a program developed and provided by, or for, the agency. (ii) Training programs shall include topics relevant to the administrative hearing, including, but not limited to, applicable laws and regulations, enforcement procedures, due process, evaluation of evidence, hearing procedures, and effective oral and written communication. Upon the approval of the governing body or chief executive officer of the issuing agency, up to 12 hours of relevant experience may be substituted for up to 12 hours of training. Up to eight hours of the training requirements described in this subparagraph may be credited to an individual, at the discretion of the governing body or chief executive officer of the issuing agency, based upon training programs or courses described in this subparagraph that the individual attended within the last five years. (5) The employee of the designated jurisdiction who issues a notice of violation shall not be required to participate in an administrative hearing. To establish a violation, the issuing agency shall not be required to produce any evidence other than, in proper form, the notice of violation or copy thereof, including the photograph of the vehicle’s license plate, and information received from the Department of Motor Vehicles identifying the registered owner of the vehicle. The documentation in proper form shall be prima facie evidence of the violation. If the designated jurisdiction meets its initial burden, the recipient of the notice of violation may present any evidence and argument in defense. (6) The examiner’s final decision following the administrative hearing may be personally delivered to the person by the examiner or sent by first-class mail within 60 days of the date of the conclusion of the administrative hearing. (7) Following a determination by the examiner that a person has committed the violation, the examiner may, consistent with the written guidelines established by the issuing agency, allow payment of the civil penalty in installments, or an issuing agency may allow for deferred payment or payments in installments, if the person provides evidence satisfactory to the examiner or the issuing agency, as the case may be, of an inability to pay the civil penalty in full. If authorized by the governing body of the issuing agency, the examiner may permit the performance of community service in lieu of payment of the civil penalty. (8) If a notice of violation is dismissed following an administrative hearing, any civil penalty, if paid, shall be refunded by the issuing agency within 30 days. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. (SB 1297) Effective January 1, 2025. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Sec. 22441.)
  95. 22438.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section lets a contestant appeal to superior court within 30 days, requires service of the notice of appeal on the processing agency, and sets deadlines for lodging the record and notifying the appellant.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. ) ## 22438. (a) Within 30 days after personal delivery or mailing of the final decision described in subdivision (c) of Section 22437, the contestant may seek review by filing an appeal to the superior court, where the case shall be heard de novo, except that the contents of the processing agency’s file in the case on appeal shall be lodged by the designated agency at the designated agency’s expense and be received into evidence. A copy of the notice of violation shall be admitted into evidence as prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the notice. A copy of the notice of appeal shall be served in person or by certified first-class mail with return receipt upon the processing agency by the appellant. For purposes of computing the 30-day period, Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable. A proceeding under this subdivision is a limited civil case. (b) The fee for filing the notice of appeal shall be as provided in Section 70615 of the Government Code. Upon receipt of the notice of appeal, the designated jurisdiction shall lodge its administrative record for the case with the court within 15 calendar days. The court shall notify the appellant of the appearance date by mail or personal delivery. The court shall retain the fee under Section 70615 of the Government Code regardless of the outcome of the appeal. If the appellant prevails, this fee and any payment of the civil penalty shall be promptly refunded by the issuing agency in accordance with the judgment of the court. (c) The conduct of the hearing on appeal under this section is a subordinate judicial duty that may be performed by a commissioner or other subordinate judicial officer at the direction of the presiding judge of the court. (d) If a notice of appeal of the examiner’s decision is not filed within the period set forth in subdivision (a), the decision shall be deemed final. (e) If the civil penalty has not been paid and the final decision is adverse to the appellant, the processing agency may, promptly after the decision becomes final, proceed to collect the civil penalty under Section 22436. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. (SB 1297) Effective January 1, 2025. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Sec. 22441.)
  96. 22439.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A designated jurisdiction must offer indigent speed safety system violation recipients a diversion program, a payment plan, and reduced fines and penalties, subject to the stated income or benefits proofs and limits.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. ) ## 22439. (a) A designated jurisdiction shall offer a diversion program for indigent speed safety system violation recipients, to perform community service in lieu of paying the penalty for a speed system violation. (b) A designated jurisdiction shall offer the ability for indigent speed safety system violation recipients to pay applicable fines and penalties over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments of no more than twenty-five dollars ($25) and shall limit the processing fee to participate in a payment plan to five dollars ($5) or less. (c) Notwithstanding subdivisions (a) and (b), a designated jurisdiction shall reduce the applicable fines and penalties by 80 percent for indigent persons, and by 50 percent for individuals up to 250 percent above the federal poverty level. (d) The person may demonstrate that they are indigent or make up to 250 percent above the poverty level or less by providing either of the following information, as applicable: (1) Proof of income from a pay stub or another form of proof of earnings, such as a bank statement, that shows that the person meets the income criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, subject to review and approval by the processing agency or its designee. The processing agency or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (2) Proof of receipt of benefits under the programs described in subdivision (a) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, including, but not limited to, an electronic benefits transfer card or another card, subject to review and approval by the processing agency. The processing agency or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. (SB 1297) Effective January 1, 2025. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Sec. 22441.)
  97. 22440.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A designated jurisdiction that used a speed safety system must submit an evaluation by March 1 of the fifth year after implementation and make the report available online.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. ) ## 22440. The designated jurisdiction that used a speed safety system shall, on or before March 1 of the fifth year in which the system has been implemented, submit to its governing body and the transportation committees of the Legislature, consistent with Section 9795 of the Government Code, an evaluation of the speed safety system in their respective jurisdictions to determine the system’s impact on street safety and the system’s economic impact on the communities where the system is utilized. The report shall be made available on the internet website of the jurisdiction and shall include all of the following information: (a) Data, at least three months before and at least six months after implementation of each system, on the number and proportion of vehicles speeding from 11 to 15 miles per hour over the legal speed limit, inclusive, from 16 to 25 miles per hour over the legal speed limit, inclusive, 26 miles per hour over the legal speed limit, and for every violator traveling at a speed of 100 miles per hour or greater. Data shall also be collected on the average speed of vehicles and 85th percentile speed of vehicles. To the extent feasible, the data should be collected at the same time of day, day of week, and location. (b) The number of notices of violation issued under the program by month and year, the corridors or locations where violations occurred, and the number of vehicles with two or more violations in a monthly period and a yearly period. (c) Data, before and after implementation of the system, on the number of traffic collisions that occurred where speed safety systems are used, relative to citywide data, and the transportation mode of the parties involved. The data on traffic collisions shall be categorized by collision type and injury severity, such as property damage only, complaint of pain, other visible injury, or severe or fatal injury. (d) The number of violations paid, the number of delinquent violations, and the number of violations for which an initial review is requested. For the violations in which an initial review was requested, the report shall indicate the number of violations that went to initial review, administrative hearing, and de novo hearing, the number of notices that were dismissed at each level of review, and the number of notices that were not dismissed after each level of review. (e) The costs associated with implementation and operation of the speed safety system and revenues collected by the jurisdiction. (f) A racial and economic equity impact analysis, developed in collaboration with local racial justice and economic equity stakeholder groups. The analysis shall include the number of notices of violations issued to indigent individuals, the number of notices of violations issued to individuals of up to 250 percent above the poverty line, and the number of violations issued to each ZIP Code. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. (SB 1297) Effective January 1, 2025. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Sec. 22441.)
  98. 22441.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This article expires on January 1, 2032 and is repealed on that date.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 4. The City of Malibu’s Speed Safety Pilot Program [22435 - 22441] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. ) ## 22441. This article shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2032, and as of that date is repealed. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 631, Sec. 3. (SB 1297) Effective January 1, 2025. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, by its own provisions. Note: Repeal affects Article 4, commencing with Sec. 22435.)
  99. 22445.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department may run a work-zone automated speed enforcement program, but only if it meets notice, inspection, warning, guideline, privacy, and contract limits.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. ) ## 22445. (a) As used in this article, the following definitions apply: (1) “Automated speed violation” means a violation of a speed law detected by a speed safety system operated pursuant to this article. (2) “Construction Zone Enhanced Enforcement Program” refers to a program whereby the Department of Transportation contracts with the Department of the California Highway Patrol to reimburse the actual and incurred costs for supplemental California Highway Patrol units to assist in the management of traffic passing through state highway construction zones. (3) “Department” means the Department of Transportation. (4) A person is “indigent” if either of the following conditions is met: (A) The person meets the income criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 68632 of the Government Code. (B) The person receives public benefits from a program listed in subdivision (a) of Section 68632 of the Government Code. (5) “Maintenance Zone Enhanced Enforcement Program” refers to a program whereby the Department of Transportation contracts with the Department of the California Highway Patrol to reimburse the actual and incurred costs for supplemental California Highway Patrol units to assist in the management of traffic passing through state highway maintenance project zones. (6) “Speed safety system” means a fixed or mobile radar or laser system or any other electronic device that utilizes automated equipment to detect a violation of speeding laws and is designed to obtain a clear photographic image of a rear vehicle license plate. “Speed safety system” is also known as an automated speed enforcement system. (7) “State highway work zone” means a state highway construction or maintenance area, during any time when traffic is regulated or restricted through or around that area pursuant to Section 21367. (b) The department may establish a program for automated speed enforcement that utilizes up to 35 speed safety systems, to be operated by the department in state highway work zones. (c) The speed safety system may be utilized pursuant to subdivision (b) if the program meets all of the following requirements: (1) Clearly identifies the presence of the speed safety system by signs stating “Photo Enforced,” along with the speed limit signs with flashing beacons and speed feedback signs, between 500 feet and one mile, inclusive, before the placement of the system, as determined by the department. The signs shall be visible to traffic traveling on the highway from the direction of travel for which the system is utilized, and shall be posted at locations as may be determined necessary by the department after consultation with the California Traffic Control Devices Committee. (2) Identifies the state highway work zones approved for enforcement using a speed safety system and the hours of enforcement on the department’s internet website, which shall be updated whenever the department changes locations of enforcement. (3) Ensures that the speed safety system is regularly inspected no less than once every 60 days, and certifies that the system is installed and operating properly. Each camera unit shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and at least once per year by an independent calibration laboratory. Documentation of the regular inspection, operation, and calibration of the system shall be retained for at least 180 days after the date on which the system has been permanently removed from use. (4) Utilizes fixed or mobile speed safety systems that provide real-time notification to the driver when violations are detected. (5) A speed safety system records speed violations and actively issues citations only when workers from the Department of Transportation, including persons contracted to perform construction, maintenance, or repair of a highway, are present in the state highway work zone. (d) Prior to enforcing speed laws utilizing speed safety systems, the department shall do both of the following: (1) Administer a public information campaign for at least 30 calendar days prior to the commencement of the program, which shall include public announcements in major media outlets and press releases. The public information campaign shall include the information on when systems will begin detecting violations in state highway work zones, and the department’s internet website, where additional information about the program can be obtained. Notwithstanding the above, no further public announcement by the department shall be required for additional systems that may be added to the program. (2) (A) Issue warning notices rather than notices of violation for violations detected by the speed safety system during the first 60 calendar days of enforcement under the program. (B) A vehicle’s first violation for traveling 11 to 15 miles per hour over the posted speed limit shall be a warning notice. (e) The department shall adopt written guidelines for the use of speed safety systems prior to entering into an agreement regarding a speed safety system, purchasing or leasing equipment for a program, or implementing a program. In developing the guidelines, the department shall consult with the relevant state agencies and relevant stakeholder organizations, including, but not limited to, racial equity, privacy protection, and economic justice groups. The written guidelines shall be made available for public review at least 30 calendar days prior to adoption. Upon adoption of the guidelines, the department shall post the final adopted guidelines on its internet website. The written guidelines shall include all of the following: (1) A statement of the specific purpose for the speed safety system, the uses that are authorized and uses that are prohibited, and the procedures required prior to that use. (2) An identification of the data or information that can be collected by the speed safety system and the individuals who can access or use the collected information, and the processes related to the access, transfer, or use of the information. (3) The allowable uses for information collected and maintained is limited to the administration of the state highway work zone speed safety program only. (4) Procedures for the retention and disposal of data collected by the speed safety system. (5) Procedures for the screening and issuing of notices of violation. (6) Procedures for the storage of confidential information to ensure compliance with confidentiality requirements. (f) The development and adoption of guidelines pursuant to this article are exempt from the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code). (g) Notices of violation issued pursuant to this section shall include a clear image of the license plate and rear of the vehicle only, identify the specific section of the Vehicle Code violated, the camera location, and the date and time when the violation occurred. Notices of violation shall exclude images of the rear window area of the vehicle. (h) The photographic evidence stored by a speed safety system does not constitute an out-of-court hearsay statement by a declarant under Division 10 (commencing with Section 1200) of the Evidence Code. (i) (1) Notwithstanding any provision of the California Public Records Act, or any other law, any photographic image or administrative records made by a system shall be confidential. The department shall use and allow access to these records only for the purposes authorized by this article or to assess the impacts of the system. Data about the number of violations issued and the speeds at which they were issued is not considered an administrative record required not to be disclosed by this section. (2) Confidential information obtained from the Department of Motor Vehicles for the administration of speed safety systems and enforcement of this article shall be held confidential, and shall not be used for any other purpose. The department and its contractors and agents shall establish procedures to protect the confidentiality of these records consistent with Section 1808.47. (3) Except for court records described in Section 68152 of the Government Code, or as provided in paragraph (4), the confidential records and evidence described in paragraphs (1) and (2) may be retained for up to 60 days after final disposition of the notice of violation. The department may retain information that a vehicle has been cited and fined for a violation for up to three years. The department may adopt a retention period of less than 60 days. Administrative records described in paragraph (1) may be retained for up to 120 days after final disposition of the notice of violation. Notwithstanding any other law, the confidential records and evidence shall be destroyed in a manner that maintains the confidentiality of any person included in the record or evidence. (4) The photographic evidence that is obtained from a speed safety system that does not result in the issuance of a notice of violation shall be destroyed within five business days after it was first made. The use of facial recognition technology in conjunction with a speed safety system shall be prohibited. (5) Information collected and maintained by the department to administer the program shall only be used to administer the program, and shall not be disclosed to any other persons, including, but not limited to, any other state or federal governmental agency or official for any other purpose, except as required by a court order, or in response to a subpoena in an individual case or proceeding. (j) Notwithstanding subdivision (i), the registered owner or an individual identified by the registered owner as the driver of the vehicle at the time of the alleged violation shall be permitted to review and obtain a copy of the photograph of the alleged violation. (k) A contract between the department and a manufacturer or supplier of speed safety systems shall allow the department to purchase materials, lease equipment, and contract for processing services from the manufacturer or supplier based on the services rendered on a monthly schedule or another schedule agreed upon by the department and contractor. The contract shall not allow for payment or compensation based on the number of notices of violation issued, or as a percentage of revenue generated, from the use of the system. The contract shall include a provision that all data collected from the speed safety system is confidential, and shall prohibit the manufacturer or supplier of the contracted speed safety system from sharing, repurposing, or monetizing collected data, except as specifically authorized in this article. The department shall oversee, maintain control, and have the final decision over all enforcement activities, including the determination of when a notice of violation should be issued. (l) Notwithstanding subdivision (k), the department may contract with a vendor for the processing of notices of violation after an employee of the department has issued a notice of violation. The vendor shall be a separate legal and corporate entity from, and not related to or affiliated in any manner with, the manufacturer or supplier of speed safety systems used by the department. Any contract between the department and a vendor to provide processing services may include a provision for the payment of compensation based on the number of notices of violation processed by the vendor. (m) The speed safety system, to the extent feasible, shall be angled and focused so as to only capture rear license plate photographs of speeding violations and shall not capture identifying images of other drivers or vehicles. (n) Notwithstanding subdivision (c) of Section 21455.6, the department may use automated enforcement systems and photo radar for speed enforcement consistent with this article. (Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. (AB 289) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22445.6.)
  100. 22445.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section limits speed-safety-system violations to civil penalties, sets penalty amounts by speed range, and requires specific notices and timelines.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. ) ## 22445.1. (a) Notwithstanding any other law, a violation of any speed law pursuant to this chapter that is recorded by a speed safety system authorized pursuant to Section 22445 shall be subject only to a civil penalty, as provided in subdivision (c), and shall not result in the Department of Motor Vehicles suspending or revoking the privilege of a violator to drive a motor vehicle or in a violation point being assessed against the violator. (b) The speed safety system shall capture images of the rear license plate of vehicles that are traveling 11 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit and notices of violation shall only be issued to registered owners of those vehicles based on that evidence. (c) A civil penalty shall be assessed as follows: (1) Fifty dollars ($50) for driving at a speed of 11 to 15 miles per hour over the posted speed limit. (2) One hundred dollars ($100) for driving at a speed of 16 to 25 miles per hour over the posted speed limit. (3) Two hundred dollars ($200) for driving at a speed of 26 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit, unless paragraph (4) applies. (4) Five hundred dollars ($500) for driving at a speed of 100 miles per hour or more. (d) A civil penalty shall not be assessed against an authorized emergency vehicle. (e) The notice of violation shall be in writing and issued to the registered owner of the vehicle within 15 calendar days of the date of the violation. The notice of violation shall include all of the following information: (1) The violation, including reference to the speed law that was violated, the speed of the vehicle, the speed limit for the road on which the violation occurred, and verification of the most recent calibration of the system in accordance with paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) of Section 22445. (2) The date, approximate time, and location where the violation occurred. (3) The vehicle license number and the name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle. (4) A statement that payment is required to be made no later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of the notice of violation, or that the violation may be contested pursuant to Section 22445.2. (5) The amount of the civil penalty due for that violation and the procedures for the payment of the civil penalty or for contesting the notice of violation. (6) An affidavit of nonliability, and information of what constitutes nonliability, information as to the effect of executing the affidavit, and instructions for returning the affidavit to the processor. If the affidavit of nonliability is returned to the department within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a written lease or rental agreement between a bona fide rental company, as defined in Section 1939.01 of the Civil Code, or a personal vehicle sharing program, as defined in Section 11580.24 of the Insurance Code, and its customer that identifies the renter or lessee, the department shall serve or mail a notice of violation to the renter or lessee identified in the affidavit of nonliability. If the affidavit of nonliability is returned to the department within 30 calendar days of the mailing of the notice of violation, together with proof of a copy of a police report indicating the vehicle had been stolen at the time of the violation, the department shall not subject the registered owner to a civil violation. (7) A phone number that the recipient may use to request additional information about the State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program. (8) A proof of service consistent with Section 1013a of the Code of Civil Procedure. (f) (1) Moneys generated from the issuance of citations pursuant to the state highway work zone speed safety program shall be deposited in the Safe Highway Work Zone Account, which is hereby created in the State Transportation Fund. Moneys in the account shall be continuously appropriated to the department for the administration of this program. Any remaining funds shall be used by the department for the Construction Zone Enhanced Enforcement Program and the Maintenance Zone Enhanced Enforcement Program. (2) It is the intent of the Legislature that speed safety systems complement traffic enforcement by the Department of the California Highway Patrol, and that the program authorized by Section 22445 shall supplement, and not supplant, existing traffic enforcement efforts in highway construction and maintenance zones, including the Construction Zone Enhanced Enforcement Program and the Maintenance Zone Enhanced Enforcement Program. (3) It is the intent of the Legislature that the department expend for purposes of enhanced traffic enforcement in construction and maintenance zones an amount not less than its expenditures for the Construction Zone Enhanced Enforcement Program and the Maintenance Zone Enhanced Enforcement Program in the 2023–24 fiscal year. (g) A person shall not be assessed a civil penalty if they are subject to criminal penalties for the same act. (h) A speed safety system may only be in operation for five years, or until January 1, 2032, whichever date is sooner. (Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. (AB 289) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22445.6.)
  101. 22445.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person who receives a notice of violation may ask the department for an initial review within 30 calendar days, and may later request an administrative hearing if dissatisfied with that review.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. ) ## 22445.2. (a) No later than 30 calendar days from the date of mailing of a notice of violation, the recipient may request an initial review of the notice by the department. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. There shall be no charge for this review. If, following the initial review, the department is satisfied that the violation did not occur, or that extenuating circumstances make cancellation of the notice of violation appropriate in the interest of justice, the department shall cancel the notice of violation. The department shall mail the results of the initial review to the person contesting the notice within 60 days of receipt of the recipient’s request for an initial review, and, if cancellation of the notice does not occur following that review, include a reason for that denial, notification of the ability to request an administrative hearing, and notice of the procedures adopted by the department for the administrative hearing, including for waiving prepayment of the civil penalty based upon an inability to pay pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (b). (b) (1) If the person contesting the notice of violation is dissatisfied with the results of the initial review, the person may, no later than 21 calendar days following the mailing of the results of the department’s initial review, request an administrative hearing of the violation. The request may be made by telephone, in writing, electronically, or in person. (2) The person requesting an administrative hearing shall pay the amount of the civil penalty to the department. There shall be no additional charge for this hearing. The department shall adopt a written procedure to allow a person to request an administrative hearing without payment of the civil penalty upon satisfactory proof of an inability to pay the amount due. (3) The administrative hearing shall be held within 90 calendar days following the receipt of a request for an administrative hearing. The person requesting the hearing may request one continuance, not to exceed 21 calendar days. (c) The administrative hearing process shall include all of the following: (1) The person requesting a hearing shall have the choice of a hearing upon written declaration, video conference, or in person. An in-person hearing shall be conducted within the department district where the violation was issued. (2) If the person requesting a hearing is an unemancipated minor, that person shall be permitted to appear at a hearing or admit responsibility for the automated speed violation without the appointment of a guardian. The department may proceed against the minor in the same manner as against an adult. (3) The administrative hearing shall be conducted in accordance with written procedures established by the department. The hearing shall provide an independent, objective, fair, and impartial review of contested automated speed violations. (4) (A) The department shall appoint or contract with qualified independent examiners or administrative hearing providers that employ qualified independent examiners to conduct the administrative hearings. Examiners shall demonstrate the qualifications, training, and objectivity necessary to conduct a fair and impartial review, and shall meet the minimum requirements specified in subparagraph (B). The examiner shall be separate and independent from the notice of violation issuing and processing functions. An examiner’s continued employment, performance evaluation, compensation, and benefits shall not, directly or indirectly, be linked to the amount of civil penalties upheld by the examiner or the number or percentage of violations upheld by the examiner. (B) (i) Examiners shall have a minimum of 20 hours of training. The examiner, unless an employee of the department, is responsible for the costs of the training. The department may reimburse the examiner for those costs. Training may be provided through any of the following: (I) An accredited college or university. (II) A program conducted by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training. (III) A program conducted by the American Arbitration Association or a similar organization. (IV) Any program approved by the department, including a program developed and provided by, or for, the department. (ii) Training programs shall include topics relevant to the administrative hearing, including, but not limited to, applicable laws and regulations, enforcement procedures, due process, evaluation of evidence, hearing procedures, and effective oral and written communication. Upon the approval of the department, up to 12 hours of relevant experience may be substituted for up to 12 hours of training. Up to eight hours of the training requirements described in this subparagraph may be credited to an individual, at the discretion of the department, based upon training programs or courses described in this subparagraph that the individual attended within the last five years. (5) The employee of the department who issues a notice of violation shall not be required to participate in an administrative hearing. To establish a violation, the department shall not be required to produce any evidence other than, in proper form, the notice of violation or copy thereof, including the photograph of the vehicle’s license plate, and information received from the Department of Motor Vehicles identifying the registered owner of the vehicle. The documentation in proper form shall be prima facie evidence of the violation. If the department meets its initial burden, the recipient of the notice of violation may present any evidence and argument in defense. (6) The examiner’s final decision following the administrative hearing may be personally delivered to the person by the examiner or sent by first-class mail within 60 days of the date of the conclusion of the administrative hearing. (7) Following a determination by the examiner that a person has committed the violation, the examiner or the department shall offer violation recipients who are indigent or who otherwise provide evidence satisfactory to the examiner or the department of an inability to pay the civil penalty in full, the option to pay applicable fines and penalties over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments not to exceed twenty-five dollars ($25). Any processing fee to participate in a payment plan shall not exceed five dollars ($5). (8) If a notice of violation is dismissed following an administrative hearing, any civil penalty, if paid, shall be refunded by the department within 30 days. (Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. (AB 289) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22445.6.)
  102. 22445.3.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A contestant may appeal to the superior court within 30 days, and the department and court have follow-up duties for the appeal record and notice.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. ) ## 22445.3. (a) Within 30 days after personal delivery or mailing of the final decision described in subdivision (c) of Section 22445.2, the contestant may seek review by filing an appeal to the superior court, where the case shall be heard de novo, except that the contents of the department’s file in the case on appeal shall be lodged by the department at its expense and be received into evidence. A copy of the notice of violation shall be admitted into evidence as prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the notice. A copy of the notice of appeal shall be served in person or by certified first-class mail with return receipt upon the department by the appellant. For purposes of computing the 30-day period, Section 1013 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall be applicable. A proceeding under this subdivision is a limited civil case. (b) The fee for filing the notice of appeal shall be as provided in Section 70615 of the Government Code. Upon receipt of the notice of appeal, the department shall lodge its administrative record for the case with the court within 15 calendar days. The court shall notify the appellant of the appearance date by mail or personal delivery. The court shall retain the fee under Section 70615 of the Government Code regardless of the outcome of the appeal. If the appellant prevails, this fee and any payment of the civil penalty shall be promptly refunded by the department in accordance with the judgment of the court. (c) The conduct of the hearing on appeal under this section is a subordinate judicial duty that may be performed by a commissioner or other subordinate judicial officer at the direction of the presiding judge of the court. (d) If a notice of appeal of the examiner’s decision is not filed within the period set forth in subdivision (a), the decision shall be deemed final. (e) If the civil penalty has not been paid and the final decision is adverse to the appellant, the department may, promptly after the decision becomes final, proceed to collect the civil penalty under Section 22445.1. (Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. (AB 289) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22445.6.)
  103. 22445.4.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department must offer indigent speed safety system violation recipients a payment plan, cap monthly installments at $25, and keep the plan processing fee at $5 or less. It must also reduce applicable fines and penalties by 80% for indigent persons and by 50% for individuals up to 250% above the federal poverty level.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. ) ## 22445.4. (a) The department shall offer the ability for indigent speed safety system violation recipients to pay applicable fines and penalties over a period of time under a payment plan with monthly installments of no more than twenty-five dollars ($25) and shall limit the processing fee to participate in a payment plan to five dollars ($5) or less. (b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), the department shall reduce the applicable fines and penalties by 80 percent for indigent persons, and by 50 percent for individuals up to 250 percent above the federal poverty level. (c) The person may demonstrate that they are indigent or make up to 250 percent above the poverty level or less by providing either of the following information, as applicable: (1) Proof of income from a pay stub or another form of proof of earnings, such as a bank statement, that shows that the person meets the income criteria set forth in subdivision (b) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, subject to review and approval by the department or its designee. The department or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (2) Proof of receipt of benefits under the programs described in subdivision (a) of Section 68632 of the Government Code, including, but not limited to, an electronic benefits transfer card or another card, subject to review and approval by the department. The department or its designee shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. (Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. (AB 289) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22445.6.)
  104. 22445.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department must prepare and submit an annual report on the state highway work zone speed safety program, starting no later than two years after the program begins, and post it on the department’s website.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. ) ## 22445.5. (a) No later than two years after the commencement of the state highway work zone speed safety program, and annually thereafter, the department shall prepare and submit a report to the Legislature evaluating the state highway work zone speed safety program and its impact on state highway work zone safety. The report shall be made available on the department’s internet website and shall include all of the following information: (1) Data on the number and proportion of vehicles speeding in state highway work zones where speed safety systems were deployed from 11 to 15 miles per hour over the legal speed limit, inclusive, from 16 to 25 miles per hour over the legal speed limit, inclusive, from 26 miles per hour over the legal speed limit, and for every violator traveling at a speed of 100 miles per hour or greater. Data shall also be collected on the average speed of vehicles and 85th percentile speed of vehicles in state highway work zones where speed safety systems were deployed. (2) The number of notices of violation issued under the program by month and year, the state highway work zones where violations occurred, and the number of vehicles with two or more violations in the same location over a monthly period and a yearly period. (3) Data on the number of traffic collisions that occurred in state highway work zones where speed safety systems were used, relative to data in all state highway work zones. The data on traffic collisions shall be categorized by collision type and injury severity, such as property damage only, complaint of pain, other visible injury, or severe or fatal injury. (4) The number of violations paid, the number of delinquent violations, and the number of violations for which an initial review is requested. For the violations in which an initial review was requested, the report shall indicate the number of violations that went to initial review, administrative hearing, and de novo hearing, the number of notices that were dismissed at each level of review, and the number of notices that were not dismissed after each level of review. (5) The costs associated with implementation and operation of the speed safety systems, and revenues collected. (6) The number of notices of violations issued to indigent individuals, the number of notices of violations issued to individuals of up to 250 percent above the poverty line, and the number of violations issued to vehicles registered in each California ZIP Code. (b) The report required by this section shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code. (Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. (AB 289) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, pursuant to Section 22445.6.)
  105. 22445.6.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This article stays in force only until January 1, 2032, when it is repealed.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 7. Speed Laws [22348 - 22445.6] ( Chapter 7 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 5. State Highway Work Zone Speed Safety Program [22445 - 22445.6] ( Article 5 added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. ) ## 22445.6. This article shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2032, and as of that date is repealed. (Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 684, Sec. 3. (AB 289) Effective January 1, 2026. Repealed as of January 1, 2032, by its own provisions. Note: Repeal affects Article 5, commencing with Section 22445.)
  106. 22450.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers must stop at stop signs in the specified place, and local authorities may place stop signs where traffic safety would improve.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22450. (a) The driver of any vehicle approaching a stop sign at the entrance to, or within, an intersection shall stop at a limit line, if marked, otherwise before entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection. If there is no limit line or crosswalk, the driver shall stop at the entrance to the intersecting roadway. (b) The driver of a vehicle approaching a stop sign at a railroad grade crossing shall stop at a limit line, if marked, otherwise before crossing the first track or entrance to the railroad grade crossing. (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a local authority may adopt rules and regulations by ordinance or resolution providing for the placement of a stop sign at any location on a highway under its jurisdiction where the stop sign would enhance traffic safety. (Amended by Stats. 2007, Ch. 630, Sec. 8. Effective January 1, 2008.)
  107. 22451.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers and pedestrians must stop at least 15 feet from the nearest rail and wait until it is safe to cross when warning signals are active or a train or on-track equipment is an immediate hazard. No one may go through, around, or under a closed crossing gate.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22451. (a) The driver of any vehicle or pedestrian approaching a railroad or rail transit grade crossing shall stop not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail and shall not proceed until he or she can do so safely, whenever the following conditions exist: (1) A clearly visible electric or mechanical signal device or a flagman gives warning of the approach or passage of a train, car, or on-track equipment. (2) An approaching train, car, or on-track equipment is plainly visible or is emitting an audible signal and, by reason of its speed or nearness, is an immediate hazard. (b) No driver or pedestrian shall proceed through, around, or under any railroad or rail transit crossing gate while the gate is closed. (c) Whenever a railroad or rail transit crossing is equipped with an automated enforcement system, a notice of a violation of this section is subject to the procedures provided in Section 40518. (d) For purposes of this section, “on-track equipment” means any locomotive or any other car, rolling stock, equipment, or other device that, alone or coupled to others, is operated on stationary rails. (Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 110, Sec. 1. (AB 695) Effective January 1, 2018.)
  108. 22452.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers covered by this section must stop and check for trains before crossing certain railroad tracks, and some commercial motor vehicles must slow enough to stop before the crossing.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22452. (a) Subdivisions (b) and (d) apply to the operation of the following vehicles: (1) A bus or farm labor vehicle carrying passengers. (2) A motortruck transporting employees in addition to those riding in the cab. (3) A schoolbus and a school pupil activity bus transporting school pupils, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (4) of subdivision (d). (4) A commercial motor vehicle transporting any quantity of a Division 2.3 chlorine, as classified by Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (5) A commercial motor vehicle that is required to be marked or placarded in accordance with the regulations of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations with one of the following federal classifications: (A) Division 1.1. (B) Division 1.2, or Division 1.3. (C) Division 2.3 Poison gas. (D) Division 4.3. (E) Class 7. (F) Class 3 Flammable. (G) Division 5.1. (H) Division 2.2. (I) Division 2.3 Chlorine. (J) Division 6.1 Poison. (K) Division 2.2 Oxygen. (L) Division 2.1. (M) Class 3 Combustible liquid. (N) Division 4.1. (O) Division 5.1. (P) Division 5.2. (Q) Class 8. (R) Class Division 1.4. (S) A cargo tank motor vehicle, whether loaded or empty, used for the transportation of a hazardous material, as defined in Parts 107 to 180, inclusive, of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (6) A cargo tank motor vehicle transporting a commodity that at the time of loading has a temperature above its flashpoint, as determined under Section 173.120 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (7) A cargo tank motor vehicle, whether loaded or empty, transporting a commodity under exemption in accordance with Subpart B of Part 107 of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations. (b) Before traversing a railroad grade crossing, the driver of a vehicle described in subdivision (a) shall stop that vehicle not less than 15 nor more than 50 feet from the nearest rail of the track and while so stopped shall listen, and look in both directions along the track, for an approaching train or on-track equipment and for signals indicating the approach of a train or on-track equipment, and shall not proceed until he or she can do so safely. Upon proceeding, the gears shall not be shifted manually while crossing the tracks. (c) The driver of a commercial motor vehicle, other than those listed in subdivision (a), upon approaching a railroad grade crossing, shall be driven at a rate of speed that allows the commercial vehicle to stop before reaching the nearest rail of that crossing, and shall not be driven upon, or over, the crossing until due caution is taken to ascertain that the course is clear. (d) A stop need not be made at a crossing in the following circumstances: (1) Of railroad tracks running along and upon the roadway within a business or residence district. (2) Where a traffic officer or an official traffic control signal directs traffic to proceed. (3) Where an exempt sign was authorized by the Public Utilities Commission prior to January 1, 1978. (4) Where an official railroad crossing stop exempt sign in compliance with Section 21400 has been placed by the Department of Transportation or a local authority pursuant to Section 22452.5. This paragraph does not apply with respect to a schoolbus or to a school pupil activity bus transporting school pupils. (e) For purposes of this section, “on-track equipment” means any locomotive or any other car, rolling stock, equipment, or other device that, alone or coupled to others, is operated on stationary rails. (Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 110, Sec. 2. (AB 695) Effective January 1, 2018.)
  109. 22452.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation and local authorities may place signs at railroad grade crossings to let certain vehicles cross without stopping, but they must follow Public Utilities Commission criteria and get required consultations and permissions first.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22452.5. The Department of Transportation and local authorities, with respect to highways under their respective jurisdictions, may place signs at railroad grade crossings permitting any vehicle described in subdivision (a) of Section 22452 to traverse such crossings without stopping. Such signs shall be placed in accordance with criteria adopted by the Public Utilities Commission. Prior to placing such signs, the Department of Transportation or local authority shall consult with the Department of the California Highway Patrol, railroad corporations involved, and the operators involved and shall secure the permission of the Public Utilities Commission if a railroad corporation under the jurisdiction of the Public Utilities Commission is affected. Prior to permitting the placement of such signs, the Public Utilities Commission shall seek the concurrence of the Department of the California Highway Patrol. (Amended by Stats. 1979, Ch. 373.)
  110. 22453.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A bona fide passenger for hire in a vehicle is not held responsible for the driver’s failure to stop under Section 22452.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22453. Failure of the driver of a motor vehicle carrying any passenger for hire to stop as required in Section 22452 shall not be imputed to any bona fide passenger for hire in such vehicle. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  111. 22454.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers must stop before passing a stopped schoolbus with flashing red lights and a stop arm, and may not drive past it until the signals stop; there is an exception for traffic on the other roadway of a divided or multiple-lane highway.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22454. (a) The driver of any vehicle, upon meeting or overtaking, from either direction, any schoolbus equipped with signs as required in this code, that is stopped for the purpose of loading or unloading any schoolchildren and displays a flashing red light signal and stop signal arm, as defined in paragraph (4) of subdivision (b) of Section 25257, if equipped with a stop signal arm, visible from front or rear, shall bring the vehicle to a stop immediately before passing the schoolbus and shall not proceed past the schoolbus until the flashing red light signal and stop signal arm, if equipped with a stop signal arm, cease operation. (b) (1) The driver of a vehicle upon a divided highway or multiple-lane highway need not stop upon meeting or passing a schoolbus that is upon the other roadway. (2) For the purposes of this subdivision, a multiple-lane highway is any highway that has two or more lanes of travel in each direction. (c) (1) If a vehicle was observed overtaking a schoolbus in violation of subdivision (a), and the driver of the schoolbus witnessed the violation, the driver may, within 24 hours, report the violation and furnish the vehicle license plate number and description and the time and place of the violation to the local law enforcement agency having jurisdiction of the offense. That law enforcement agency shall issue a letter of warning prepared in accordance with paragraph (2) with respect to the alleged violation to the registered owner of the vehicle. The issuance of a warning letter under this paragraph shall not be entered on the driving record of the person to whom it is issued, but does not preclude the imposition of any other applicable penalty. (2) The Attorney General shall prepare and furnish to every law enforcement agency in the state a form letter for purposes of paragraph (1), and the law enforcement agency may issue those letters in the exact form prepared by the Attorney General. The Attorney General may charge a fee to any law enforcement agency that requests a copy of the form letter to recover the costs of preparing and providing that copy. (d) This section also applies to a roadway upon private property. (Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 647, Sec. 3. Effective October 10, 1999.)
  112. 22454.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section sets fines for first and second violations of Section 22454 and requires the DMV to suspend driving privilege for one year after a qualifying third or later violation.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22454.5. Notwithstanding Section 42001, a person convicted of a first violation of Section 22454 shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred fifty dollars ($150) or more than two hundred fifty dollars ($250). A person convicted of a second separate violation of Section 22454 shall be punished by a fine of not less than five hundred dollars ($500) or more than one thousand dollars ($1,000). If a person is convicted of a third or subsequent violation of Section 22454 and the offense occurred within three years of two or more separate violations of Section 22454, the Department of Motor Vehicles shall suspend the person’s privilege to operate a motor vehicle for one year. (Amended by Stats. 1990, Ch. 1296, Sec. 2.)
  113. 22455.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A commercial vehicle vendor may sell products in a residence district street only after stopping and parking at the curb. Local authorities may also add public-safety rules for vending from vehicles on streets.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22455. (a) The driver of any commercial vehicle engaged in vending upon a street may vend products on a street in a residence district only after bringing the vehicle to a complete stop and lawfully parking adjacent to the curb, consistent with the requirements of Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 22500) and local ordinances adopted pursuant thereto. (b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 114315 of the Health and Safety Code or any other provision of law, a local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, adopt additional requirements for the public safety regulating the type of vending and the time, place, and manner of vending from vehicles upon any street. (Amended by Stats. 2008, Ch. 139, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 2009.)
  114. 22456.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Ice cream trucks in residential-area vending must carry specific warning signs, and a person may not vend from a stopped, parked, or standing ice cream truck on certain public roads or when visibility/speed-limit conditions are not met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 8. Special Stops Required [22450 - 22456] ( Chapter 8 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22456. (a) This section shall be known and may be cited as the Destiny Nicole Stout Memorial Act. (b) The Legislature finds and declares that motor vehicles engaged in vending ice cream and similar food items in residential neighborhoods can increase the danger to children, and it is necessary that these vehicles are clearly seen and noticed by motorists and pedestrians to protect public safety. (c) As used in this section, the term “ice cream truck” means a motor vehicle engaged in the curbside vending or sale of frozen or refrigerated desserts, confections, or novelties commonly known as ice cream, or prepackaged candies, prepackaged snack foods, or soft drinks, primarily intended for the sale to children under 12 years of age. (d) Any ice cream truck shall be equipped at all times, while engaged in vending in a residential area, with signs mounted on both the front and the rear and clearly legible from a distance of 100 feet under daylight conditions, incorporating the words “WARNING” and “CHILDREN CROSSING.” Each sign shall be at least 12 inches high by 48 inches wide, with letters of a dark color and at least four inches in height, a one-inch wide solid border, and a sharply contrasting background. (e) A person may not vend from an ice cream truck that is stopped, parked, or standing on any public street, alley, or highway under any of the following conditions: (1) On a street, alley, or highway with a posted speed limit greater than 25 miles per hour. (2) If the street, alley, or highway is within 100 feet of an intersection with an opposing highway that has a posted speed limit greater than 25 miles per hour. (3) If the vendor does not have an unobstructed view for 200 feet in both directions along the highway and of any traffic on the highway. (Added by Stats. 2000, Ch. 344, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2001.)
  115. 225.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section defines “auxiliary dolly” for the Vehicle Code.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 1. WORDS AND PHRASES DEFINED [100 - 681] ( Division 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 225. An “auxiliary dolly” is a vehicle, not designed for carrying persons or property on its own structure, which is so constructed and used in conjunction with a semitrailer as to support a portion of the weight of the semitrailer and any load thereon, but not permanently attached to the semitrailer, although a part of the weight of such dolly may rest on another vehicle. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  116. 2250.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The provision says which members make up the California Highway Patrol in the Department of the California Highway Patrol.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2250. The California Highway Patrol in the Department of the California Highway Patrol consists of the following members: the commissioner, the deputy commissioner, assistant commissioners, chiefs, assistant chiefs, captains, lieutenants, sergeants, and officers. (Amended by Stats. 2005, Ch. 270, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 2006.)
  117. 2250.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner must create special peace officer designations in the California Highway Patrol, and certain designated officers or reinstated individuals must be placed into the CHP under specified conditions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2250.1. (a) The commissioner shall establish special designations of peace officers within the Department of the California Highway Patrol to assist in the transfer of responsibilities from the California State Police Division to the Department of the California Highway Patrol. The peace officers so designated include all peace officers of the former California State Police Division on July 11, 1995. These specially designated peace officers are peace officers as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 830.2 of the Penal Code. (b) Peace officers designated in subdivision (a) shall become members of the Department of the California Highway Patrol, as described in Section 2250, by meeting the training requirements and qualifications for those positions as established pursuant to Section 19818.6 of the Government Code or with the approval of the State Personnel Board Executive Officer. (c) Individuals granted reemployment or reinstatement on or after July 12, 1995, to peace officer positions formerly within the California State Police Division shall be reinstated to the peace officer designations established by the commissioner pursuant to this section. (Added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 305, Sec. 65. Effective January 1, 1997.)
  118. 22500.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person generally may not stop, park, or leave a vehicle standing in the listed places, subject to specific exceptions and local-authority permissions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22500. A person shall not stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle whether attended or unattended, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a peace officer or official traffic control device, in any of the following places: (a) Within an intersection, except adjacent to curbs as may be permitted by local ordinance. (b) On a crosswalk, except that a bus engaged as a common carrier or a taxicab may stop in an unmarked crosswalk to load or unload passengers when authorized by the legislative body of a city pursuant to an ordinance. (c) Between a safety zone and the adjacent right-hand curb or within the area between the zone and the curb as may be indicated by a sign or red paint on the curb, which sign or paint was erected or placed by local authorities pursuant to an ordinance. (d) Within 15 feet of the driveway entrance to a fire station. This subdivision does not apply to any vehicle owned or operated by a fire department and clearly marked as a fire department vehicle. (e) (1) In front of a public or private driveway, except that a bus engaged as a common carrier, schoolbus, or a taxicab may stop to load or unload passengers when authorized by local authorities pursuant to an ordinance. (2) In unincorporated territory, where the entrance of a private road or driveway is not delineated by an opening in a curb or by other curb construction, so much of the surface of the ground as is paved, surfaced, or otherwise plainly marked by vehicle use as a private road or driveway entrance, shall constitute a driveway. (f) On a portion of a sidewalk, or with the body of the vehicle extending over a portion of a sidewalk, except electric carts when authorized by local ordinance, as specified in Section 21114.5. Lights, mirrors, or devices that are required to be mounted upon a vehicle under this code may extend from the body of the vehicle over the sidewalk to a distance of not more than 10 inches. (g) Alongside or opposite a street or highway excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing, or parking would obstruct traffic. (h) On the roadway side of a vehicle stopped, parked, or standing at the curb or edge of a highway, except for a schoolbus when stopped to load or unload pupils in a business or residence district where the speed limit is 25 miles per hour or less. (i) Except as provided under Section 22500.5, alongside curb space authorized for the loading and unloading of passengers of a bus engaged as a common carrier in local transportation when indicated by a sign or red paint on the curb erected or painted by local authorities pursuant to an ordinance. (j) In a tube or tunnel, except vehicles of the authorities in charge, being used in the repair, maintenance, or inspection of the facility. (k) Upon a bridge, except vehicles of the authorities in charge, being used in the repair, maintenance, or inspection of the facility, and except that buses engaged as a common carrier in local transportation may stop to load or unload passengers upon a bridge where sidewalks are provided, when authorized by local authorities pursuant to an ordinance, and except that local authorities pursuant to an ordinance or the Department of Transportation pursuant to an order, within their respective jurisdictions, may permit parking on bridges having sidewalks and shoulders of sufficient width to permit parking without interfering with the normal movement of traffic on the roadway. Local authorities, by ordinance or resolution, may permit parking on these bridges on state highways in their respective jurisdictions if the ordinance or resolution is first approved in writing by the Department of Transportation. Parking shall not be permitted unless there are signs in place, as may be necessary, to indicate the provisions of local ordinances or the order of the Department of Transportation. (l) In front of or upon that portion of a curb that has been cut down, lowered, or constructed to provide wheelchair accessibility to the sidewalk. (m) In a portion of a highway that has been designated for the exclusive use of public transit buses. (n) (1) (A) Within 20 feet of the vehicle approach side of any marked or unmarked crosswalk or within 15 feet of any crosswalk where a curb extension is present. (B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), a local authority may establish a different distance if both of the following requirements are met: (i) A local authority establishes the different distance by ordinance that includes a finding that the different distance is justified by established traffic safety standards. (ii) A local authority has marked the different distance at the intersection using paint or a sign. (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a local authority may permit commercial vehicle loading or unloading within 20 feet of the vehicle approach side of any marked or unmarked crosswalk or within 15 feet of any crosswalk where a curb extension is present if both of the following requirements are met: (A) A local authority authorizes the commercial vehicle loading and unloading by ordinance and identifies the crosswalk or crosswalks in the ordinance. (B) A local authority has marked the commercial loading and unloading areas with paint or signage. (3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a local authority may permit parking for bicycles or motorized scooters within 20 feet of a crosswalk. (4) Prior to January 1, 2025, jurisdictions may only issue a warning, and shall not issue a citation, for a violation unless the violation occurs in an area marked using paint or a sign. (Amended by Stats. 2023, Ch. 652, Sec. 1. (AB 413) Effective January 1, 2024.)
  119. 22500.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not stop, park, or leave a vehicle standing in a fire lane, except to avoid traffic conflict or when directed by a peace officer or traffic control device.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22500.1. In addition to Section 22500, no person shall stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a peace officer or official traffic control device along the edge of any highway, at any curb, or in any location in a publicly or privately owned or operated off-street parking facility, designated as a fire lane by the fire department or fire district with jurisdiction over the area in which the place is located. The designation shall be indicated (1) by a sign posted immediately adjacent to, and visible from, the designated place clearly stating in letters not less than one inch in height that the place is a fire lane, (2) by outlining or painting the place in red and, in contrasting color, marking the place with the words “FIRE LANE”, which are clearly visible from a vehicle, or (3) by a red curb or red paint on the edge of the roadway upon which is clearly marked the words “FIRE LANE”. (Amended by Stats. 1984, Ch. 129, Sec. 1. Effective May 21, 1984.)
  120. 22500.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may ban parking or stopping near certain emergency-vehicle driveways, and must mark and sign the restricted area if it adopts such an ordinance.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22500.2. (a) A local authority may, by ordinance, prohibit a person from stopping, parking, or leaving standing a vehicle, whether attended or unattended, except if necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a peace officer or official traffic control device, within 15 feet of a driveway that is used by an emergency vehicle owned or operated by a police department, ambulance service care provider, or general acute care hospital, to enter or exit a police station, ambulance service provider facility, or general acute care hospital. This section does not apply to any vehicle owned or operated by a fire department, police department, ambulance service provider, or general acute care hospital, if the vehicle is clearly marked as a fire department vehicle, police department vehicle, ambulance, or general acute care hospital vehicle. (b) A local authority that enacts an ordinance pursuant to subdivision (a) shall provide appropriate curb markings or “KEEP CLEAR” pavement markings and post signs that delineate the area specified in subdivision (a). (Added by Stats. 2016, Ch. 358, Sec. 1. (AB 2491) Effective January 1, 2017.)
  121. 22500.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may, by ordinance, allow certain schoolbuses to stop at transit bus curb spaces when the transit system and the school have agreed.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22500.5. Upon agreement between a transit system operating buses engaged as common carriers in local transportation and a public school district or private school, local authorities may, by ordinance, permit schoolbuses owned by, or operated under contract for, that public school district or private school to stop for the loading or unloading of passengers alongside any or all curb spaces designated for the loading or unloading of passengers of the transit system buses. (Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 769, Sec. 36. (AB 2679) Effective January 1, 2013.)
  122. 22501.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities need Transportation Department approval before an ordinance affecting a state highway can take effect.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22501. No ordinance enacted by local authorities pursuant to subdivisions (e) and (k) of Section 22500 or Section 22507.2 shall become effective as to any state highway without prior submission to and approval by the Department of Transportation in the same manner as required by Section 21104. Nothing contained in this section and Section 22500 shall be construed as authorizing local authorities to enact legislation which is contrary to the provisions of Sections 22512 and 25301. (Amended by Stats. 1980, Ch. 158, Sec. 1. Effective June 11, 1980.)
  123. 22502.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section sets default parking positions near curbs and class IV bikeways, with exceptions for motorcycles, commercial loading/unloading, public utility vehicles, and certain local rules.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22502. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, a vehicle stopped or parked upon a roadway with adjacent curbs or class IV bikeways, as defined in Section 890.4 of the Streets and Highways Code, shall be stopped or parked with the right-hand wheels of the vehicle parallel to, and within 18 inches of, the right-hand curb or the right-hand edge of the class IV bikeway, except that a motorcycle shall be parked with at least one wheel or fender touching the right-hand curb or edge. If no curbs, barriers, or class IV bikeways bound a two-way roadway, right-hand parallel parking is required unless otherwise indicated. (b) (1) The provisions of subdivision (a) or (e) do not apply to a commercial vehicle if a variation from the requirements of subdivision (a) or (e) is reasonably necessary to accomplish the loading or unloading of merchandise or passengers on, or from, a vehicle and while anything connected with the loading, or unloading, is being executed. (2) This subdivision does not permit a vehicle to stop or park upon a roadway in a direction opposite to that in which traffic normally moves. (c) Notwithstanding subdivision (b), a local authority may, by ordinance, prohibit a commercial vehicle from stopping, parking, or standing on one side of a roadway in a business district with the wheels of the vehicle more than 18 inches from the curb or the edge of a class IV bikeway. The ordinance shall be effective only if signs are placed clearly indicating the prohibition in the areas to which it applies. (d) This section does not apply to vehicles of a public utility when the vehicles are being used in connection with the operation, maintenance, or repair of facilities of the public utility or are being used in connection with providing public utility service. (e) (1) Upon a one-way roadway, a vehicle may be stopped or parked as provided in subdivision (a) or with the left-hand wheels parallel to, and within 18 inches of, the left-hand curb or left-hand edge of a class IV bikeway, except that a motorcycle, if parked on the left-hand side, shall have either one wheel or one fender touching the curb or edge. If no curb, barriers, or class IV bikeway bound a one-way roadway, parallel parking on either side is required unless otherwise indicated. (2) This subdivision does not apply upon a roadway of a divided highway. (f) (1) The City of Long Beach may, by ordinance or resolution, implement a pilot program to authorize vehicles to park on the left-hand side of the roadway parallel to and within 18 inches of the left-hand curb on two-way local residential streets that dead-end with no cul-de-sac or other designated area in which to turn around, if the City of Long Beach has first made a finding, supported by a professional engineering study, that the ordinance or resolution is justified by the need to facilitate the safe and orderly movement of vehicles on the roadways affected by the resolution or ordinance. The area covered by the ordinance or resolution shall be limited to the streets perpendicular to Ocean Boulevard beginning at Balboa Place and ending at 72nd Place, but shall not cover 62nd Place. The ordinance or resolution permitting that parking shall not apply until signs or markings giving adequate notice have been placed near the designated roadways. The city shall submit to the Legislature, two years from the date of the enactment of the ordinance or resolution that establishes the pilot program, a report that outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the pilot program. The report submitted pursuant to this subdivision shall be submitted in compliance with Section 9795 of the Government Code. (2) The pilot program authorized under this subdivision shall terminate, and this subdivision shall become inoperative, three years from the date of enactment of the ordinance or resolution that establishes the pilot program. (Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 208, Sec. 16. (AB 2906) Effective January 1, 2017.)
  124. 22503.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may allow angle parking or left-hand parking by ordinance, but state highways are covered only after written approval from the Department of Transportation.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22503. Local authorities may by ordinance permit angle parking on any roadway, or left-hand parking upon one-way roadways of divided highways, except that no ordinance is effective with respect to any state highway until the proposed ordinance has been submitted to and approved in writing by the Department of Transportation. (Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 545.)
  125. 22503.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may adopt special parking rules for two-wheeled or three-wheeled motor vehicles by ordinance or resolution.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22503.5. Notwithstanding any other provision of this code, any local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, establish special parking regulations for two-wheeled or three-wheeled motor vehicles. (Amended by Stats. 1972, Ch. 1095.)
  126. 22504.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    In unincorporated areas, a person generally may not stop, park, or leave a vehicle standing on the roadway when it could practicably be moved off the roadway, and visibility and clearance rules also apply.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22504. (a) Upon any highway in unincorporated areas, a person shall not stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, upon the roadway when it is practicable to stop, park, or leave the vehicle off such portion of the highway, but in every event an unobstructed width of the highway opposite a standing vehicle shall be left for the free passage of other vehicles and a clear view of the stopped vehicle shall be available from a distance of 200 feet in each direction upon the highway. This section shall not apply upon a highway where the roadway is bounded by adjacent curbs. (b) This section does not apply to the driver of any vehicle which is disabled in such a manner and to such extent that it is impossible to avoid stopping and temporarily leaving the disabled vehicle on the roadway. (c) (1) A schoolbus stop shall not be designated where there is not a clear view of a proposed or existing schoolbus stop from a distance of 200 feet in each direction along a highway, or upon the main traveled portion of a highway where there is not a clear view of the stop from 500 feet in each direction along the highway and the speed limit is more than 25 miles per hour, unless approved by the Department of the California Highway Patrol upon the request of the school district superintendent or the head or principal of a private school. If the schoolbus stop is approved by the Department of the California Highway Patrol, the Department of Transportation, in respect to state highways, and local authorities, in respect to highways under their jurisdiction, shall place sufficient signs along the highway to give adequate notice to motorists that they are approaching such bus stops. (2) A school bus stop shall not be designated on any divided or multiple-lane highway where pupils must cross the highway to board or after exiting the bus, unless traffic is controlled by a traffic officer or official traffic control signal. For purposes of this section, a multiple-lane highway is defined as any highway having two or more lanes of travel in each direction. (Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 769, Sec. 37. (AB 2679) Effective January 1, 2013.)
  127. 22505.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Transportation may post signs or markings that restrict stopping, standing, or parking on certain highways, and people must follow those posted restrictions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22505. (a) The Department of Transportation with respect to highways under its jurisdiction may place signs or markings prohibiting or restricting the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles, including, but not limited to, vehicles which are six feet or more in height (including any load thereon), in any of the following areas and under the following conditions: (1) In areas where, in its opinion, stopping, standing, or parking is dangerous to those using the highway or where the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles would unduly interfere with the free movement of traffic thereon. (2) In areas within one-half mile of the boundary of any unit of the state park system which the Director of Conservation has determined are unusually high fire hazard areas, upon notification of the Department of Transportation of such determination by the Director of Conservation. (3) In areas within one-half mile of the boundary of any unit of the state park system which the county health officer has determined are areas where a substantial public health hazard would result if camping were allowed, upon notification of the Department of Transportation of such determination by the county health officer. (b) No person shall stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle in violation of the restrictions stated on the signs or markings. (c) This section does not apply to any of the following: (1) Public utility vehicles while performing a work operation. (2) The driver of any vehicle which is disabled in such a manner and to such an extent that it is impossible to avoid stopping, parking, or leaving the disabled vehicle standing on the roadway. (Amended by Stats. 1987, Ch. 455, Sec. 2.)
  128. 22506.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may restrict or prohibit stopping, standing, or parking on a state highway if the rule is first submitted to and approved in writing by the Department of Transportation.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22506. Local authorities may by ordinance or resolution prohibit or restrict the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles on a state highway, in their respective jurisdictions, if the ordinance or resolution is first submitted to and approved in writing by the Department of Transportation, except that where maintenance of any state highway is delegated by the Department of Transportation to a city, the department may also delegate to the city the powers conferred on the department. (Amended by Stats. 1987, Ch. 455, Sec. 3.)
  129. 22507.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may adopt ordinances or resolutions to restrict or prohibit vehicle stopping, parking, or standing, and may create preferential parking permits for specified residents, merchants, and other designated groups.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22507. (a) Local authorities may, by ordinance or resolution, prohibit or restrict the stopping, parking, or standing of vehicles, including, but not limited to, vehicles that are six feet or more in height (including any load thereon) within 100 feet of any intersection, on certain streets or highways, or portions thereof, during all or certain hours of the day. The ordinance or resolution may include a designation of certain streets upon which preferential parking privileges are given to residents and merchants adjacent to the streets for their use and the use of their guests, under which the residents and merchants may be issued a permit or permits that exempt them from the prohibition or restriction of the ordinance or resolution. With the exception of alleys, the ordinance or resolution shall not apply until signs or markings giving adequate notice thereof have been placed. A local ordinance or resolution adopted pursuant to this section may contain provisions that are reasonable and necessary to ensure the effectiveness of a preferential parking program. (b) An ordinance or resolution adopted under this section may also authorize preferential parking permits for members of organizations, professions, or other designated groups, including, but not limited to, school personnel, to park on specified streets if the local authority determines that the use of the permits will not adversely affect parking conditions for residents and merchants in the area. (Amended by Stats. 2001, Ch. 223, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2002.)
  130. 22507.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may designate parking for car share or ridesharing vehicles, and the local ordinance must set participation criteria and may limit vehicle types.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22507.1. (a) A local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, designate certain streets or portions of streets for the exclusive or nonexclusive parking privilege of motor vehicles participating in a car share vehicle program or ridesharing program. The ordinance or resolution shall establish the criteria for a public or private company or organization to participate in the program, and may limit the types of motor vehicles that may be included in the program. Under the car share vehicle program, a car share vehicle or ridesharing vehicle shall be assigned a permit, if necessary, by the local authority that allows that vehicle to park in the exclusive or nonexclusive designated parking areas. (b) If exclusive parking privilege is authorized, the ordinance or resolution described in subdivision (a) does not apply until signs or markings giving adequate notice thereof have been placed. (c) A local ordinance or resolution adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) may contain provisions that are reasonable and necessary to ensure the effectiveness of a car share vehicle program or ridesharing program. (d) For purposes of this section, a “car share vehicle” is a motor vehicle that is operated as part of a regional fleet by a public or private car sharing company or organization and provides hourly or daily service. (Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 86, Sec. 303. (SB 1171) Effective January 1, 2017.)
  131. 22507.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may let property owners or lessees park in front of a private driveway by ordinance if the vehicle has a permit, and it may charge a nonrefundable fee to cover permit costs.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22507.2. Notwithstanding subdivision (e) of Section 22500, a local authority may, by ordinance, authorize the owner or lessee of property to park a vehicle in front of the owner’s or lessee’s private driveway when the vehicle displays a permit issued pursuant to the ordinance authorizing such parking. The local authority may charge a nonrefundable fee to defray the costs of issuing and administering the permits. A local ordinance adopted pursuant to this section may not authorize parking on a sidewalk in violation of subdivision (f) of Section 22500. (Amended by Stats. 1985, Ch. 45, Sec. 1.)
  132. 22507.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may adopt ordinances or resolutions to restrict parking or standing in certain places and times, including residential districts for larger commercial vehicles.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22507.5. (a) Notwithstanding Section 22507, local authorities may, by ordinance or resolution, prohibit or restrict the parking or standing of vehicles on certain streets or highways, or portions thereof, between the hours of 2 a.m. and 6 a.m., and may, by ordinance or resolution, prohibit or restrict the parking or standing, on any street, or portion thereof, in a residential district, of commercial vehicles having a manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or more. The ordinance or resolution relating to parking between the hours of 2 a.m. and 6 a.m. may provide for a system of permits for the purpose of exempting from the prohibition or restriction of the ordinance or resolution, disabled persons, residents, and guests of residents of residential areas, including, but not limited to, high-density and multiple-family dwelling areas, lacking adequate offstreet parking facilities. The ordinance or resolution relating to the parking or standing of commercial vehicles in a residential district, however, shall not be effective with respect to any commercial vehicle, or trailer component thereof, making pickups or deliveries of goods, wares, and merchandise from or to any building or structure located on the restricted streets or highways or for the purpose of delivering materials to be used in the actual and bona fide repair, alteration, remodeling, or construction of any building or structure upon the restricted streets or highways for which a building permit has previously been obtained. (b) Subdivision (a) of this section is applicable to vehicles specified in subdivision (a) of Section 31303, except that an ordinance or resolution adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of this section shall not permit the parking of those vehicles which is otherwise prohibited under this code. (c) For the purpose of implementing this section, each local authority may, by ordinance, define the term “residential district” in accordance with its zoning ordinance. The ordinance is not effective unless the legislative body of the local authority holds a public hearing on the proposed ordinance prior to its adoption, with notice of the public hearing given in accordance with Section 65090 of the Government Code. (Amended by Stats. 2004, Ch. 518, Sec. 3. Effective January 1, 2005.)
  133. 22507.6.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may restrict or ban parking and standing on streets for street sweeping, but the restriction does not apply to certain commercial vehicle pickups, deliveries, or permitted construction deliveries in residential districts, and it is not effective until proper signs or notices are posted.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22507.6. Local authorities may, by ordinance or resolution, prohibit or restrict the parking or standing of vehicles on designated streets or highways, or portions thereof, for the purpose of street sweeping. No ordinance or resolution relating to the parking or standing of commercial vehicles in a residential district shall be effective with respect to any commercial vehicle making pickups or deliveries of goods, wares, or merchandise from or to any building or structure located on the restricted street or highway, or for the purpose of delivering materials to be used in the repair, alteration, remodeling, or reconstruction of any building or structure for which a building permit has previously been obtained. No such ordinance or resolution shall be effective until the street or highway, or portion thereof, has been sign-posted in accordance with the uniform standards and specifications of the Department of Transportation, or local authorities have caused to be posted in a conspicuous place at each entrance to the street a notice not less than 17 inches by 22 inches in size, with lettering not less than one inch in height, setting forth the day or days and hours parking is prohibited. As used in this section, “entrance” means the intersection of any street or streets comprising an area of restricted parking for street-sweeping purposes on the same day or days and hours with another street or highway not subject to such a parking restriction, or subject to parking restrictions on different days and hours. (Amended by Stats. 1982, Ch. 466, Sec. 115.)
  134. 22507.8.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    It is unlawful to park, stand, block, or mark disabled parking spaces and related access areas except as allowed for vehicles with the specified disabled license plate or placard.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22507.8. (a) It is unlawful for any person to park or leave standing any vehicle in a stall or space designated for disabled persons and disabled veterans pursuant to Section 22511.7 or 22511.8 of this code or Section 14679 of the Government Code, unless the vehicle displays either a special identification license plate issued pursuant to Section 5007 or a distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or 22511.59. (b) It is unlawful for any person to obstruct, block, or otherwise bar access to those parking stalls or spaces except as provided in subdivision (a). (c) It is unlawful for any person to park or leave standing any vehicle, including a vehicle displaying a special identification license plate issued pursuant to Section 5007 or a distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or 22511.59, in either of the following places: (1) On the lines marking the boundaries of a parking stall or space designated for disabled persons or disabled veterans. (2) In any area of the pavement adjacent to a parking stall or space designated for disabled persons or disabled veterans that is marked by crosshatched lines and is thereby designated, pursuant to any local ordinance, for the loading and unloading of vehicles parked in the stall or space. (d) Subdivisions (a), (b), and (c) apply to all offstreet parking facilities owned or operated by the state, and to all offstreet parking facilities owned or operated by a local authority. Subdivisions (a), (b), and (c) also apply to any privately owned and maintained offstreet parking facility. (Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 200, Sec. 12. (SB 734) Effective January 1, 2010.)
  135. 22507.9.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may create special parking enforcement units and set related staffing, equipment, and support rules.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22507.9. Local authorities may establish a special enforcement unit for the sole purpose of providing adequate enforcement of Section 22507.8 and local ordinances and resolutions adopted pursuant to Section 22511.7. Local authorities may establish recruitment and employment guidelines that encourage and enable employment of qualified disabled persons in these special enforcement units. Members of the special enforcement unit may issue notices of parking violation for violations of Section 22507.8 and local ordinances adopted pursuant to Section 22511.7. Members of the special enforcement unit shall not be peace officers and shall not make arrests in the course of their official duties, but shall wear distinctive uniforms and badges while on duty. A two-way radio unit, which may utilize police frequencies or citizens’ band, may be issued by the local authority to each member of the special enforcement unit for use while on duty. The local authority may pay the cost of uniforms and badges for the special enforcement unit, and may provide daily cleaning of the uniforms. Additionally, the local authority may provide motorized wheelchairs for use by members of the special unit while on duty, including batteries and necessary recharging thereof. Any motorized wheelchair used by a member of the special enforcement unit while on duty shall be equipped with a single headlamp in the front and a single stoplamp in the rear. Members of the special enforcement unit may be paid an hourly wage without the compensatory benefits provided other permanent and temporary employees, but shall be entitled to applicable workers’ compensation benefits as provided by law. Insurance provided by the local authority for disability or liability of a member of the special enforcement unit shall be the same as for other employees performing similar duties. Nothing in this section precludes a local authority from using regular full-time employees to enforce this chapter and ordinances adopted pursuant thereto. This section applies to all counties and cities, including every charter city and city and county. (Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 124, Sec. 127. Effective January 1, 1997.)
  136. 22508.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may regulate parking payment zones and parking spaces by ordinance, but must use an ordinance for fees and zone creation, describe the zone area, and get written Transportation Department approval for state-highway ordinances before they take effect.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22508. (a) A local authority shall not establish parking payment zones or fix the rate of fees for those zones except by ordinance. The rate of fees may be variable, based upon criteria identified by the local authority in the ordinance. An ordinance establishing a parking payment zone shall describe the area that would be included within the zone. (b) A local authority may, by ordinance, cause streets and highways to be marked with white lines designating parking spaces and require vehicles to park within the parking spaces. (c) An ordinance adopted by a local authority pursuant to this section with respect to a state highway shall not become effective until the proposed ordinance has been submitted to and approved in writing by the Department of Transportation. The proposed ordinance shall be submitted to the department only by action of the local legislative body and the proposed ordinance shall be submitted in complete draft form. (d) An ordinance adopted pursuant to this section establishing a parking payment zone or fixing rates of fees for that zone shall be subject to local referendum processes in the same manner as if the ordinance dealt with a matter of purely local concern. (e) Except as described in Section 22508.2, a local authority may accept but shall not require payment of parking meter fees by a mobile device. (Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 858, Sec. 1. (SB 532) Effective January 1, 2025.)
  137. 22508.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Some local authorities may require mobile-device payment in parking zones only if they post notice signs and adopt an accessible cash-payment plan.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22508.2. (a) A local authority in the City and County of San Francisco, City of Long Beach, or City of Santa Monica may require payment by a mobile device in a parking payment zone only if it meets both of the following requirements: (1) Installs signs no more than 100 feet from any space where payment is required that clearly states that payment is required and how payments may be made. (2) Adopts by ordinance or resolution an accessible and equitable parking cash payment plan that does not utilize parking meters or payment centers in parking payment zones. The plan shall provide reasonably accessible alternative means for payment of parking fees using cash. The plan shall assess the feasibility of potential strategies, including, but not limited to, accepting cash payment for parking from a mailed invoice requested through the mobile payment system. The local authority shall consult and work collaboratively with relevant local stakeholder organizations that may include, but are not limited to, racial equity, privacy protection, and economic justice groups, in developing the accessible and equitable parking cash payment plan. The plan shall be approved by the local authority. (b) A local authority in the City and County of San Francisco, City of Long Beach, or City of Santa Monica that adopts an accessible and equitable parking cash payment plan and implements at least one mobile device parking payment zone pursuant to this section shall, on or before January 1 of the fourth year in which the first mobile device parking payment zone has been implemented, submit to its governing body and the transportation committees of the Legislature, consistent with Section 9795 of the Government Code, an evaluation report of the impact of all mobile device parking payment zones implemented by the local authority on equity, accessibility, and costs. The report shall evaluate the effectiveness, impact on privacy, impact on equity, impact on traffic outcomes, cost to implement, change in citations issued, and generation of revenue. (c) A civil fine for parking in a parking payment zone that requires payment by mobile device and lacks a parking meter shall be one-half of the civil fine for failing to pay for parking in a metered zone. This subdivision shall not apply to a person who paid for parking but stayed in the spot beyond the period for which the person paid. (d) A local authority in the City and County of San Francisco, City of Long Beach, or City of Santa Monica may operate a mobile device parking payment zone authorized by this section for five years following the date of creation for each city and county, or city, of the first mobile device parking payment zone, or until January 1, 2033, whichever is sooner. (e) This section shall remain in effect only until January 1, 2033, and as of that date is repealed. (Added by Stats. 2024, Ch. 858, Sec. 2. (SB 532) Effective January 1, 2025. Repealed as of January 1, 2033, by its own provisions.)
  138. 22508.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Vehicles may park for the posted time limit, or without a time limit if there is no posted limit, when the space is controlled by an inoperable parking meter or payment center. Local authorities may set a four-hour limit with clear signs, but generally may not issue nonpayment citations or otherwise restrict parking in these spaces.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22508.5. (a) A vehicle may park, for up to the posted time limit, in any parking space that is regulated by an inoperable parking meter or an inoperable parking payment center. (b) A vehicle may park without time limit in any parking space that does not have a posted time limit and that is regulated by an inoperable parking meter or inoperable parking payment center, subject to any other applicable regulations regarding parking vehicles. (c) A local authority may limit parking to four hours for a parking space that does not have a posted time limit and that is regulated by an inoperable parking meter or an inoperable parking payment center, if the local authority posts signs clearly providing notice of the time limitation applicable when that parking meter or parking payment center is inoperable. (d) If a parking space is regulated by a parking meter or parking payment center that cannot physically accept payment, a local authority shall not issue a citation for nonpayment of parking fees notwithstanding the fact that the parking meter or parking payment center may accept payment by other nonphysical means. (e) Except as provided in subdivision (c), a local authority shall not, by ordinance or resolution, prohibit or restrict the parking of vehicles in a space that is regulated by an inoperable parking meter or inoperable parking payment center. (f) For purposes of this section: (1) “Inoperable parking meter” means a meter located next to and designated for an individual parking space that has become inoperable and cannot accept payment in any form or cannot register that a payment in any form has been made. (2) “Inoperable parking payment center” means an electronic parking meter or pay station serving one or more parking spaces that is closest to the space where a person has parked and that cannot accept payment in any form, cannot register that a payment in any form has been made, or cannot issue a receipt that is required to be displayed in a conspicuous location on or in the vehicle. (Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 92, Sec. 210. (SB 1289) Effective January 1, 2019.)
  139. 22509.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may adopt parking/standing rules for vehicles, and drivers must not leave a vehicle unattended on steep grades in business or residence districts unless the wheels are blocked.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22509. Local authorities within the reasonable exercise of their police powers may adopt rules and regulations by ordinance or resolution providing that no person driving, or in control of, or in charge of, a motor vehicle shall permit it to stand on any highway unattended when upon any grade exceeding 3 percent within any business or residence district without blocking the wheels of the vehicle by turning them against the curb or by other means. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  140. 2251.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Promotions to certain California Highway Patrol classes must be made from promotional eligible lists based on promotional examinations of people in the next lower class.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2251. All promotions to the classes of deputy chief, assistant chief, captain, lieutenant, and sergeant shall be made from promotional eligible lists resulting from promotional examination of persons in the next lower class. (Amended by Stats. 1977, Ch. 615.)
  141. 22510.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities and the Department of Transportation may restrict parking for snow removal, but the restrictions are only effective after required signs or notices are posted, and state-highway local ordinances need Department approval.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22510. (a) Local authorities may, by ordinance or resolution, prohibit or restrict the parking or standing of vehicles on designated streets or highways within their jurisdiction, or portions thereof, for the purpose of snow removal. The ordinance or resolution shall not be effective until the street or highway, or portion thereof, has been sign-posted in accordance with the uniform standards and specifications of the Department of Transportation, or until the local authorities have caused to be posted in a conspicuous place at each entrance to the street or highway, a notice not less than 17 inches by 22 inches in size, with lettering not less than one inch in height, setting forth the days parking is prohibited. The signs shall, at a minimum, be placed on each affected street or highway, at the boundary of the local authority, and at the beginning and end of each highway or highway segment included in that area. No person shall stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, within the area marked by signs, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a traffic or peace officer. (b) No ordinance or resolution authorized by subdivision (a) which affects a state highway shall be effective until it is submitted to, and approved by, the Department of Transportation. (c) The Department of Transportation, with respect to state highways, may restrict the parking or standing of vehicles for purposes of snow removal. The restrictions shall not be effective until the highway, or portion thereof, has been posted with signs in accordance with the uniform standards and specifications of the department. No person shall stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, within the area marked by parking restriction signs, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a traffic or peace officer. (Repealed and added by Stats. 1990, Ch. 692, Sec. 3.)
  142. 22511.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities and lawful possessors may designate EV-charging parking stalls, and certain vehicle removals are allowed when noncharging vehicles occupy posted spaces.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511. (a) (1) A local authority, by ordinance or resolution, and a person in lawful possession of an offstreet parking facility may designate stalls or spaces in an offstreet parking facility owned or operated by that local authority or person for the exclusive purpose of charging and parking a vehicle that is connected for electric charging purposes. (2) A local authority, by ordinance or resolution, may designate stalls or spaces on a public street within its jurisdiction for the exclusive purpose of charging and parking a vehicle that is connected for electric charging purposes. (b) If posted in accordance with subdivision (d) or (e), the owner or person in lawful possession of a privately owned or operated offstreet parking facility, after notifying the police or sheriff’s department, may cause the removal of a vehicle from a stall or space designated pursuant to subdivision (a) in the facility to the nearest public garage if the vehicle is not connected for electric charging purposes. (c) (1) If posted in accordance with paragraph (1) of subdivision (d), the local authority owning or operating an offstreet parking facility, after notifying the police or sheriff’s department, may cause the removal of a vehicle from a stall or space designated pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) in the facility to the nearest garage, as defined in Section 340, that is owned, leased, or approved for use by a public agency if the vehicle is not connected for electric charging purposes. (2) If posted in accordance with paragraph (2) of subdivision (d), the local authority, after notifying the police or sheriff’s department, may cause the removal of a vehicle from a stall or space designated pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) to the nearest garage, as defined in Section 340, that is owned, leased, or approved for use by a public agency if the vehicle is not connected for electric charging purposes. (d) (1) The posting required for an offstreet parking facility owned or operated either privately or by a local authority shall consist of a sign not less than 17 by 22 inches in size with lettering not less than one inch in height that clearly and conspicuously states the following: “Unauthorized vehicles not connected for electric charging purposes will be towed away at owner’s expense. Towed vehicles may be reclaimed at or by telephoning (Address) .” (Telephone number of local law enforcement agency) The sign shall be posted in either of the following locations: (A) Immediately adjacent to, and visible from, the stall or space. (B) In a conspicuous place at each entrance to the offstreet parking facility. (2) The posting required for stalls or spaces on a public street designated pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a) shall follow the California Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices. (e) If the parking facility is privately owned and public parking is prohibited by the posting of a sign meeting the requirements of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 22658, the requirements of subdivision (b) may be met by the posting of a sign immediately adjacent to, and visible from, each stall or space indicating that a vehicle not meeting the requirements of subdivision (a) will be removed at the owner’s expense and containing the telephone number of the local traffic law enforcement agency. (f) This section does not interfere with existing law governing the ability of local authorities to adopt ordinances related to parking programs within their jurisdiction, such as programs that provide free parking in metered areas or municipal garages for electric vehicles. (Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 635, Sec. 1. (AB 1452) Effective January 1, 2018.)
  143. 22511.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person may not park or leave a vehicle in a designated charging stall unless it is connected for electric charging, and may not block access to those stalls except as allowed by subdivision (a).

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.1. (a) A person shall not park or leave standing a vehicle in a stall or space designated pursuant to Section 22511 unless the vehicle is connected for electric charging purposes. (b) A person shall not obstruct, block, or otherwise bar access to parking stalls or spaces described in subdivision (a) except as provided in subdivision (a). (Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 274, Sec. 2. (AB 475) Effective January 1, 2012.)
  144. 22511.10.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section states legislative findings about the benefits of accessible parking and says the Legislature intended Section 22511.11 to direct the Office of the State Architect to propose rules for locating disabled person parking spaces on the shortest accessible route to an accessible entrance or exit.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.10. The Legislature hereby finds and declares all of the following: (a) Two and one-half million Californians suffer from some form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Those persons who are not in wheelchairs have difficulty walking long distances. (b) Encouraging those with physical disabilities to engage in activities outside of the home promotes better health and self-esteem, thereby lowering health costs. (c) Placing disabled person parking spaces closest to the main entrances of buildings does not cost taxpayers, but provides accessibility to the physically disabled. (d) It is the intent of the Legislature, in enacting Section 22511.11, to direct the Office of the State Architect to propose regulations that require disabled person parking spaces to be located on the shortest accessible route of travel to an accessible entrance or exit of a building or parking facility. (Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 1187, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 1993.)
  145. 22511.11.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Office of the State Architect must propose regulations for the location of disabled person parking stalls or spaces and submit them to the State Building Standards Commission by July 1, 1993.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.11. (a) The Office of the State Architect shall propose regulations specifying the location of disabled person parking stalls or spaces designated pursuant to Section 22511.8, for parking facilities constructed or reconstructed pursuant to a building permit issued on or after October 1, 1993. In specifying the placement of those stalls or spaces near buildings or facilities and within parking structures, consideration shall be given to the special access needs of disabled persons. (b) The Office of the State Architect shall submit the regulations proposed pursuant to subdivision (a) to the State Building Standards Commission on or before July 1, 1993, for approval, adoption, and publication in Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations. (Added by Stats. 1992, Ch. 1187, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1993.)
  146. 22511.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain EV-charging spaces count as standard parking spaces for minimum parking calculations, and the section does not change separate approval requirements for EV charging stations.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.2. (a) A parking space served by electric vehicle supply equipment or a parking space designated as a future electric vehicle charging space shall count as at least one standard automobile parking space for the purpose of complying with any applicable minimum parking space requirements established by a local jurisdiction. (b) An accessible parking space with an access aisle served by electric vehicle supply equipment or an accessible parking space with an aisle designated as a future electric vehicle charging space shall count as at least two standard automobile parking spaces for the purpose of complying with any applicable minimum parking space requirements established by a local jurisdiction. (c) This section does not modify the approval requirements for an electric vehicle charging station pursuant to Section 65850.7 of the Government Code. (d) The following definitions apply for purposes of this section: (1) “Electric vehicle supply equipment” has the same definition as that term is used in the latest published version of the California Electrical Code, that is in effect, and applies to any level or capacity of supply equipment installed specifically for the purpose of transferring energy between the premises wiring and the electric vehicle. (2) “Electric vehicle charging space” means a space designated by a local jurisdiction for charging electric vehicles. (3) “Local jurisdiction” means a city, including a charter city, county, or city and county. (Added by Stats. 2019, Ch. 819, Sec. 2. (AB 1100) Effective January 1, 2020.)
  147. 22511.3.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Qualifying veterans may park a covered vehicle in a metered space without charge, subject to a 6,000-pound gross weight limit and other listed parking-law limits.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.3. (a) A veteran displaying special license plates issued under Section 5101.3, 5101.4, 5101.5, 5101.6, or 5101.8 may park his or her motor vehicle, weighing not more than 6,000 pounds gross weight, without charge, in a metered parking space. (b) Nothing in this section restricts the rights of a person displaying either a special identification license plate issued pursuant to Section 5007 or a distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or 22511.59. (c) (1) This section does not exempt a vehicle displaying special license plates issued under Section 5101.3, 5101.4, 5101.5, 5101.6, or 5101.8 from compliance with any other state law or ordinance, including, but not limited to, vehicle height restrictions, zones that prohibit stopping, parking, or standing of all vehicles, parking time limitations, street sweeping, restrictions of the parking space to a particular type of vehicle, or the parking of a vehicle that is involved in the operation of a street vending business. (2) This section does not authorize a vehicle displaying special license plates issued under Section 5101.3, 5101.4, 5101.5, 5101.6, or 5101.8 to park in a state parking facility that is designated only for state employees. (3) This section does not authorize a vehicle displaying special license plates issued under Section 5101.3, 5101.4, 5101.5, 5101.6, or 5101.8 to park during time periods other than the normal business hours of, or the maximum time allotted by, a state or local authority parking facility. (4) This section does not require the state or a local authority to designate specific parking spaces for vehicles displaying special license plates issued under Section 5101.3, 5101.4, 5101.5, 5101.6, or 5101.8. (d) A local authority’s compliance with subdivision (a) is solely contingent upon the approval of its governing body. (Added by Stats. 2008, Ch. 588, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2009.)
  148. 22511.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Disabled persons and disabled veterans with qualifying plates or placards may park longer in certain restricted or time-limited zones, and may park in metered spaces without paying meter fees.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.5. (a) (1) A disabled person or disabled veteran displaying special license plates issued under Section 5007 or a distinguishing placard issued under Section 22511.55 or 22511.59 is allowed to park for unlimited periods in any of the following zones: (A) In any restricted zone described in paragraph (5) of subdivision (a) of Section 21458 or on streets upon which preferential parking privileges and height limits have been given pursuant to Section 22507. (B) In any parking zone that is restricted as to the length of time parking is permitted as indicated by a sign erected pursuant to a local ordinance. (2) A disabled person or disabled veteran is allowed to park in any metered parking space without being required to pay parking meter fees. (3) This subdivision does not apply to a zone for which state law or ordinance absolutely prohibits stopping, parking, or standing of all vehicles, or which the law or ordinance reserves for special types of vehicles, or to the parking of a vehicle that is involved in the operation of a street vending business. (b) A disabled person or disabled veteran is allowed to park a motor vehicle displaying a special disabled person license plate or placard issued by a foreign jurisdiction with the same parking privileges authorized in this code for any motor vehicle displaying a special license plate or a distinguishing placard issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles. (Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 478, Sec. 11. (AB 2777) Effective January 1, 2011.)
  149. 22511.55.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section lets disabled persons and disabled veterans apply for a distinguishing placard, and sets rules for issuance, renewal, replacement, use, and return.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.55. (a) (1) A disabled person or disabled veteran may apply to the department for the issuance of a distinguishing placard. The placard may be used in lieu of the special license plate or plates issued under Section 5007 for parking purposes described in Section 22511.5 when (A) suspended from the rearview mirror, (B) if there is no rearview mirror, when displayed on the dashboard of a vehicle, or (C) inserted in a clip designated for a distinguishing placard and installed by the manufacturer on the driver’s side of the front window. It is the intent of the Legislature to encourage the use of distinguishing placards because they provide law enforcement officers with a more readily recognizable symbol for distinguishing vehicles qualified for the parking privilege. The placard shall be the size, shape, and color determined by the department and shall bear the International Symbol of Access adopted pursuant to Section 3 of Public Law 100-641, commonly known as the “wheelchair symbol.” The department shall incorporate instructions for the lawful use of a placard, and a summary of the penalties for the unlawful use of a placard, into the identification card issued to the placard owner. (2) (A) The department may establish procedures for the issuance and renewal of the placards. The procedures shall include, but are not limited to, advising an applicant in writing on the application for a placard of the procedure to apply for a special license plate or plates, as described in Section 5007, and the fee exemptions established pursuant to Section 9105 and in subdivision (a) of Section 10783 of the Revenue and Taxation Code. The placards shall have a fixed expiration date of June 30 every two years. A portion of the placard shall be printed in a contrasting color that shall be changed every two years. The size and color of this contrasting portion of the placard shall be large and distinctive enough to be readily identifiable by a law enforcement officer in a passing vehicle. (B) As used in this section, “year” means the period between the inclusive dates of July 1 through June 30. (C) Prior to the end of each year, the department shall, for the most current three years available, compare its record of disability placards issued against the records of the Office of Vital Records of the State Department of Public Health, or its successor, and a nationwide vital statistics clearinghouse, and withhold any renewal notices or placards that otherwise would have been sent for a placardholder identified as deceased. (D) The department shall, six years after the first issuance of a placard and every six years thereafter, send the placardholder a renewal form at least 90 days prior to the June 30 expiration date of the current placard. Certification of medical disability and proof of true full name is not required for the renewal. A placardholder who wishes to renew a placard shall fill out the form and submit it to the department prior to expiration of the current placard. (3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), a person shall not be eligible for more than one placard at a time. (4) Organizations and agencies involved in the transportation of disabled persons or disabled veterans may apply for a placard for each vehicle used for the purpose of transporting disabled persons or disabled veterans. (5) The department shall require a person who applies for a placard pursuant to this section to provide proof of the person’s true full name and date of birth that shall be established by submitting one of the following to the department: (A) A copy or facsimile of the applicant’s state issued driver’s license or identification card. (B) A copy or facsimile of the document required for an applicant for a driver’s license or identification card to establish the applicant’s true full name. (C) An applicant unable to establish legal presence in the United States may fulfill the true full name and date of birth requirement by providing the department a copy or facsimile of the documents used to establish identity pursuant to Section 12801.9. (b) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (4), prior to issuing an original distinguishing placard to a disabled person or disabled veteran, the department shall require the submission of a certificate, in accordance with paragraph (2), signed by the physician and surgeon, or to the extent that it does not cause a reduction in the receipt of federal aid highway funds, by a nurse practitioner, certified nurse-midwife, or physician assistant, substantiating the disability, unless the applicant’s disability is readily observable and uncontested. The disability of a person who has lost, or has lost use of, one or more lower extremities or one hand, for a disabled veteran, or both hands, for a disabled person, or who has significant limitation in the use of lower extremities, may also be certified by a licensed chiropractor. The disability of a person related to the foot or ankle may be certified by a licensed podiatrist. The blindness of an applicant shall be certified by a licensed physician and surgeon who specializes in diseases of the eye or a licensed optometrist. The physician and surgeon, nurse practitioner, certified nurse-midwife, physician assistant, chiropractor, or optometrist certifying the qualifying disability shall provide a full description of the illness or disability on the form submitted to the department. (2) The physician and surgeon, nurse practitioner, certified nurse midwife, physician assistant, chiropractor, podiatrist, or optometrist who signs a certificate submitted under this subdivision shall retain information sufficient to substantiate that certificate and, upon request of the department, shall make that information available for inspection by the Medical Board of California or the appropriate regulatory board. (3) The department shall maintain in its records all information on an applicant’s certification of permanent disability and shall make that information available to eligible law enforcement or parking control agencies upon a request pursuant to Section 22511.58. (4) For a disabled veteran, the department shall accept, in lieu of the certificate described in paragraph (1), a certificate from a county veterans service officer, the Department of Veterans Affairs, or the United States Department of Veterans Affairs that certifies that the applicant is a disabled veteran as described in Section 295.7. (c) A person who is issued a distinguishing placard pursuant to subdivision (a) may apply to the department for a substitute placard without recertification of eligibility, if that placard is lost or stolen. The department shall not issue a substitute placard to a person more than four times in a two-year renewal period. A person who requires a substitute placard in excess of the four replacements authorized pursuant to this subdivision shall reapply to the department for a new placard and submit a new certificate of disability as described in subdivision (b). (d) The distinguishing placard shall be returned to the department not later than 60 days after the death of the disabled person or disabled veteran to whom the placard was issued. (e) The department shall print on any distinguishing placard issued on or after January 1, 2005, the maximum penalty that may be imposed for a violation of Section 4461. For purposes of this subdivision, the “maximum penalty” is the amount derived from adding all of the following: (1) The maximum fine that may be imposed under Section 4461. (2) The penalty required to be imposed under Section 70372 of the Government Code. (3) The penalty required to be levied under Section 76000 of the Government Code. (4) The penalty required to be levied under Section 1464 of the Penal Code. (5) The surcharge required to be levied under Section 1465.7 of the Penal Code. (6) The penalty authorized to be imposed under Section 4461.3. (Amended by Stats. 2022, Ch. 71, Sec. 14. (SB 198) Effective June 30, 2022.)
  150. 22511.56.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    If a person uses a disabled parking placard or special plate, they must show ID and proof of issuance when asked by parking enforcement or a peace officer.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.56. (a) A person using a distinguishing placard issued under Section 22511.55 or 22511.59, or a special license plate issued under Section 5007, for parking as permitted by Section 22511.5 shall, upon request of a peace officer or person authorized to enforce parking laws, ordinances, or regulations, present identification and evidence of the issuance of that placard or plate to that person, or that vehicle if the plate was issued pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 5007. (b) Failure to present the requested identification and evidence of the issuance of that placard or plate shall be a rebuttable presumption that the placard or plate is being misused and that the associated vehicle has been parked in violation of Section 22507.8, or has exercised a disabled person’s parking privilege pursuant to Section 22511.5. (c) In addition to any other applicable penalty for the misuse of a placard, the officer or parking enforcement person may confiscate a placard being used for parking purposes that benefit a person other than the person to whom the placard was issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles. A placard lawfully used by a person transporting a disabled person pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 4461 may not be confiscated. (d) In addition to any other applicable penalty for the misuse of a special license plate issued under Section 5007, a peace officer may confiscate the plate being used for parking purposes that benefit a person other than the person to whom the plate was issued by the Department of Motor Vehicles. (e) After verification with the Department of Motor Vehicles that the user of the placard or plate is not the registered owner of the placard or plate, the appropriate agency that confiscated the placard or plate shall notify the department of the placard or plate number and the department shall cancel the placard or plate. A placard or plate canceled by the department pursuant to this subdivision may be destroyed by the agency that confiscated the placard or plate. (Amended by Stats. 2006, Ch. 203, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2007.)
  151. 22511.57.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may prohibit or restrict parking or standing in certain places for vehicles displaying certain disabled-parking placards or special license plates when specified conditions are met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.57. A local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, prohibit or restrict the parking or standing of a vehicle on streets or highways or in a parking stall or space in a privately or publicly owned or operated offstreet parking facility within its jurisdiction when the vehicle displays, in order to obtain special parking privileges, a distinguishing placard or special license plate, issued pursuant to Section 5007, 22511.55, or 22511.59, and any of the following conditions are met: (a) The records of the Department of Motor Vehicles for the identification number assigned to the placard or license plate indicate that the placard or license plate has been reported as lost, stolen, surrendered, canceled, revoked, or expired, or was issued to a person who has been reported as deceased for a period exceeding 60 days. (b) The placard or license plate is displayed on a vehicle that is not being used to transport, and is not in the reasonable proximity of, the person to whom the license plate or placard was issued or a person who is authorized to be transported in the vehicle displaying that placard or license plate. (c) The placard or license plate is counterfeit, forged, altered, or mutilated. (Amended by Stats. 2011, Ch. 341, Sec. 3. (SB 565) Effective January 1, 2012.)
  152. 22511.58.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department must share certain physician-certificate information with requesting local law enforcement or parking-enforcement agencies, but not with private parking citation processing agencies.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.58. (a) Upon a request to the department by a local public law enforcement agency or local agency responsible for the administration or enforcement of parking regulations, the department shall make available to the requesting agency any information contained in a physician’s certificate submitted to the department as part of the application for a disabled person’s parking privileges, substantiating the disability of a person applying for or who has been issued a parking placard pursuant to Section 22511.55. The department shall not provide the information specified in this subdivision to any private or other third-party parking citation processing agency. (b) Local authorities may establish a review board or panel, which shall include a qualified physician or medical authority, for purposes of reviewing information contained in the applications for special parking privileges and the certification of qualifying disabilities for persons residing within the jurisdiction of the local authority. Any findings or determinations by a review board or panel under this section indicating that an application or certification is fraudulent or lacks proper certification may be transmitted to the department or other appropriate authorities for further review and investigation. (Added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 1033, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1997.)
  153. 22511.59.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The department must issue temporary disabled parking placards when the required documents are submitted, and several applicant groups may apply for them.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.59. (a) Upon the receipt of the applications and documents required by subdivision (b), (c), or (d), the department shall issue a temporary distinguishing placard bearing the International Symbol of Access adopted pursuant to Section 3 of Public Law 100-641, commonly known as the “wheelchair symbol.” During the period for which it is valid, the temporary distinguishing placard may be used for the parking purposes described in Section 22511.5 in the same manner as a distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55. (b) (1) A person who is temporarily disabled for a period of not more than six months may apply to the department for the issuance of the temporary distinguishing placard described in subdivision (a). (2) Prior to issuing a placard pursuant to this subdivision, the department shall require the submission of a certificate signed by a physician and surgeon, or to the extent that it does not cause a reduction in the receipt of federal aid highway funds, by a nurse practitioner, certified nurse midwife, physician assistant, chiropractor, podiatrist, or optometrist, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 22511.55, substantiating the temporary disability and stating the date upon which the disability is expected to terminate. (3) The physician and surgeon, nurse practitioner, certified nurse midwife, physician assistant, chiropractor, podiatrist, or optometrist who signs a certificate submitted under this subdivision shall maintain information sufficient to substantiate that certificate and, upon request of the department, shall make that information available for inspection by the Medical Board of California or the appropriate regulatory board. (4) A placard issued pursuant to this subdivision shall expire not later than 180 days from the date of issuance or upon the expected termination date of the disability, as stated on the certificate required by paragraph (2), whichever is less. (5) The fee for a temporary placard issued pursuant to this subdivision shall be six dollars ($6). (6) A placard issued pursuant to this subdivision shall be renewed a maximum of six times consecutively. (c) (1) A permanently disabled person or disabled veteran who is not a resident of this state and plans to travel within the state may apply to the department for the issuance of the temporary distinguishing placard described in subdivision (a). (2) Prior to issuing a placard pursuant to this subdivision, the department shall require certification of the disability, as described in subdivision (b) of Section 22511.55. (3) The physician and surgeon, nurse practitioner, certified nurse midwife, physician assistant, chiropractor, podiatrist, or optometrist who signs a certificate submitted under this subdivision shall maintain information sufficient to substantiate that certificate and, upon request of the department, shall make that information available for inspection by the Medical Board of California or the appropriate regulatory board. (4) A placard issued pursuant to this subdivision shall expire not later than 90 days from the date of issuance. (5) The department shall not charge a fee for issuance of a placard under this subdivision. (6) A placard issued pursuant to this subdivision shall be renewed a maximum of six times consecutively. (d) (1) A permanently disabled person or disabled veteran who has been issued either a distinguishing placard pursuant to Section 22511.55 or special license plates pursuant to Section 5007, but not both, may apply to the department for the issuance of the temporary distinguishing placard described in subdivision (a) for the purpose of travel. (2) Prior to issuing a placard pursuant to this subdivision, the department shall require the applicant to submit either the number identifying the distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or the number on the special license plates. (3) A placard issued pursuant to this subdivision shall expire not later than 30 days from the date of issuance. (4) The department shall not charge a fee for issuance of a placard under this subdivision. (5) A placard issued pursuant to this subdivision shall be renewed a maximum of six times consecutively. (e) The department shall print on a temporary distinguishing placard, the maximum penalty that may be imposed for a violation of Section 4461. For the purposes of this subdivision, the “maximum penalty” is the amount derived from adding all of the following: (1) The maximum fine that may be imposed under Section 4461. (2) The penalty required to be imposed under Section 70372 of the Government Code. (3) The penalty required to be levied under Section 76000 of the Government Code. (4) The penalty required to be levied under Section 1464 of the Penal Code. (5) The surcharge required to be levied under Section 1465.7 of the Penal Code. (6) The penalty authorized to be imposed under Section 4461.3. (f) The department shall require a person who applies for a temporary placard pursuant to this section to provide proof of his or her true full name and date of birth that shall be established by submitting one of the following to the department: (1) A copy or facsimile of the applicant’s state issued driver’s license or identification card. (2) A copy or facsimile of the document required for an applicant for a driver’s license or identification card to establish the applicant’s true full name. (3) An applicant unable to establish legal presence in the United States may fulfill the true full name and date of birth requirement by providing the department a copy or facsimile of the documents used to establish identity pursuant to Section 12801.9. (Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 485, Sec. 20. (SB 611) Effective January 1, 2018.)
  154. 22511.6.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of Motor Vehicles may cancel or revoke certain distinguishing placards in listed situations, and the placard must be returned immediately if that happens.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.6. (a) The Department of Motor Vehicles may cancel or revoke a distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or 22511.59 in any of the following events: (1) When the department is satisfied that the placard was fraudulently obtained or erroneously issued. (2) When the department determines that the required fee has not been paid and the fee is not paid upon reasonable notice and demand. (3) When the placard could have been refused when last issued or renewed. (4) When the department determines that the owner of the placard has committed any offense described in Section 4461 or 4463, involving the placard to be canceled or revoked. (5) When the department determines that the owner of the placard is deceased. (b) Whenever the Department of Motor Vehicles cancels or revokes a distinguishing placard, the owner or person in possession of the placard shall immediately return the placard to the department. (Amended by Stats. 1994, Ch. 1149, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1995.)
  155. 22511.7.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A local authority may reserve certain on-street parking spaces for qualifying disabled parking vehicles, and must mark the spaces and signs in the required blue-and-white format.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.7. (a) In addition to Section 22511.8 for offstreet parking, a local authority may, by ordinance or resolution, designate onstreet parking spaces for the exclusive use of a vehicle that displays either a special identification license plate issued pursuant to Section 5007 or a distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or 22511.59. (b) (1) Whenever a local authority so designates a parking space, it shall be indicated by blue paint on the curb or edge of the paved portion of the street adjacent to the space. In addition, the local authority shall post immediately adjacent to and visible from the space a sign consisting of a profile view of a wheelchair with occupant in white on a blue background. (2) The sign required pursuant to paragraph (1) shall clearly and conspicuously state the following: “Minimum Fine $250.” This paragraph applies only to signs for parking spaces constructed on or after July 1, 2008, and signs that are replaced on or after July 1, 2008. (3) If the loading and unloading area of the pavement adjacent to a parking stall or space designated for disabled persons or disabled veterans is to be marked by a border and hatched lines, the border shall be painted blue and the hatched lines shall be painted a suitable contrasting color to the parking space. Blue or white paint is preferred. In addition, within the border the words “No Parking” shall be painted in white letters no less than 12 inches high. This paragraph applies only to parking spaces constructed on or after July 1, 2008, and painting that is done on or after July 1, 2008. (c) This section does not restrict the privilege granted to disabled persons and disabled veterans by Section 22511.5. (Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 200, Sec. 13. (SB 734) Effective January 1, 2010.)
  156. 22511.8.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section lets certain parking-facility operators reserve accessible stalls, requires specified signs and markings, and authorizes towing of unauthorized vehicles after notice to police or sheriff. It also requires the state agency to adopt conforming regulations.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.8. (a) A local authority, by ordinance or resolution, and a person in lawful possession of an offstreet parking facility may designate stalls or spaces in an offstreet parking facility owned or operated by the local authority or person for the exclusive use of a vehicle that displays either a special license plate issued pursuant to Section 5007 or a distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or 22511.59. The designation shall be made by posting a sign as described in paragraph (1), and by either of the markings described in paragraph (2) or (3): (1) (A) By posting immediately adjacent to, and visible from, each stall or space, a sign consisting of a profile view of a wheelchair with occupant in white on a blue background. (B) The sign shall also clearly and conspicuously state the following: “Minimum Fine $250.” This subparagraph applies only to signs for parking spaces constructed on or after July 1, 2008, and signs that are replaced on or after July 1, 2008, or as the State Architect deems necessary when renovations, structural repair, alterations, and additions occur to existing buildings and facilities on or after July 1, 2008. (2) (A) By outlining or painting the stall or space in blue and outlining on the ground in the stall or space in white or suitable contrasting color a profile view depicting a wheelchair with occupant. (B) The loading and unloading area of the pavement adjacent to a parking stall or space designated for disabled persons or disabled veterans shall be marked by a border and hatched lines. The border shall be painted blue and the hatched lines shall be painted a suitable contrasting color to the parking space. Blue or white paint is preferred. In addition, within the border the words “No Parking” shall be painted in white letters no less than 12 inches high. This subparagraph applies only to parking spaces constructed on or after July 1, 2008, and painting that is done on or after July 1, 2008, or as the State Architect deems necessary when renovations, structural repair, alterations, and additions occur to existing buildings and facilities on or after July 1, 2008. (3) By outlining a profile view of a wheelchair with occupant in white on a blue background, of the same dimensions as in paragraph (2). The profile view shall be located so that it is visible to a traffic enforcement officer when a vehicle is properly parked in the space. (b) The Department of General Services under the Division of the State Architect shall develop pursuant to Section 4450 of the Government Code, as appropriate, conforming regulations to ensure compliance with subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) and subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (a). Initial regulations to implement these provisions shall be adopted as emergency regulations. The adoption of these regulations shall be considered by the Department of General Services to be an emergency necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health and safety, or general welfare. (c) If posted in accordance with subdivision (e) or (f), the owner or person in lawful possession of a privately owned or operated offstreet parking facility, after notifying the police or sheriff’s department, may cause the removal of a vehicle from a stall or space designated pursuant to subdivision (a) in the facility to the nearest public garage unless a special license plate issued pursuant to Section 5007 or distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or 22511.59 is displayed on the vehicle. (d) If posted in accordance with subdivision (e), the local authority owning or operating an offstreet parking facility, after notifying the police or sheriff’s department, may cause the removal of a vehicle from a stall or space designated pursuant to subdivision (a) in the facility to the nearest public garage unless a special license plate issued pursuant to Section 5007 or a distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or 22511.59 is displayed on the vehicle. (e) Except as provided in Section 22511.9, the posting required for an offstreet parking facility owned or operated either privately or by a local authority shall consist of a sign not less than 17 by 22 inches in size with lettering not less than one inch in height which clearly and conspicuously states the following: “Unauthorized vehicles parked in designated accessible spaces not displaying distinguishing placards or special license plates issued for persons with disabilities will be towed away at the owner’s expense. Towed vehicles may be reclaimed at: or by telephoning (Address) .” (Telephone number of local law enforcement agency) The sign shall be posted in either of the following locations: (1) Immediately adjacent to, and visible from, the stall or space. (2) In a conspicuous place at each entrance to the offstreet parking facility. (f) If the parking facility is privately owned and public parking is prohibited by the posting of a sign meeting the requirements of paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 22658, the requirements of subdivision (c) may be met by the posting of a sign immediately adjacent to, and visible from, each stall or space indicating that a vehicle not meeting the requirements of subdivision (a) will be removed at the owner’s expense and containing the telephone number of the local traffic law enforcement agency. (g) This section does not restrict the privilege granted to disabled persons and disabled veterans by Section 22511.5. (Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 200, Sec. 14. (SB 734) Effective January 1, 2010.)
  157. 22511.85.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain vehicles with disability parking credentials may park in up to two adjacent spaces when needed to load or unload a person with a disability and no suitable single space is available.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.85. A vehicle, identified with a special license plate issued pursuant to Section 5007 or a distinguishing placard issued pursuant to Section 22511.55 or 22511.59, which is equipped with a lift, ramp, or assistive equipment that is used for the loading and unloading of a person with a disability may park in not more than two adjacent stalls or spaces on a street or highway or in a public or private off-street parking facility if the equipment has been or will be used for loading or unloading a person with a disability, and if there is no single parking space immediately available on the street or highway or within the facility that is suitable for that purpose, including, but not limited to, when there is not sufficient space to operate a vehicle lift, ramp, or assistive equipment, or there is not sufficient room for a person with a disability to exit the vehicle or maneuver once outside the vehicle. (Amended by Stats. 2008, Ch. 179, Sec. 221. Effective January 1, 2009.)
  158. 22511.9.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    New or replacement signs for disabled persons’ parking privileges must use the term “disabled persons” instead of “physically handicapped persons” or similar terms when that reference is required.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.9. Every new or replacement sign installed on or after January 1, 1992, relating to parking privileges for disabled persons shall refer to “disabled persons” rather than “physically handicapped persons” or any other similar term, whenever such a reference is required on a sign. (Added by Stats. 1991, Ch. 928, Sec. 28. Effective October 14, 1991.)
  159. 22511.95.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    New or replacement parking signs for disabled-person parking privileges must use the phrase “persons with disabilities” instead of “disabled persons” or similar terms when that reference is required.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22511.95. All new or replacement signs installed on or after July 1, 2008, relating to parking privileges for disabled persons shall refer to “persons with disabilities” rather than “disabled persons” or any other similar term, whenever the reference is required on the sign. (Added by Stats. 2007, Ch. 413, Sec. 5. Effective January 1, 2008.)
  160. 22512.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section exempts certain utility service vehicles, and vehicles doing authorized highway work, from listed stopping, standing, parking, and related provisions when warning devices are displayed and the work is being done at the work site.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22512. Except as otherwise indicated in subdivision (b), none of the following provisions shall apply to the driver or owner of any service vehicle owned or operated by or for or operated under contract with a utility or public utility, whether privately, municipally, or publicly owned, used in the construction, operation, removal, or repair of utility or public utility property or facilities, if warning devices are displayed and when the vehicle is stopped, standing, or parked at the site of work involving the construction, operation, removal, or repair of the utility or public utility property or facilities upon, in, over, under, or adjacent to a highway, bicycle lane, bikeway, or bicycle path or trail, or of a vehicle, whether privately, municipally, or publicly owned, if warning devices are displayed and when the vehicle is engaged in authorized work on the highway, bicycle lane, bikeway, or bicycle path or trail: (a) Sections 21112, 21211, 21707, 21708, 22507.6, 24605, 25253, 25300, 27700, and 27907. (b) This chapter, except Sections 22507, 22509, 22515, and 22517. (c) Chapter 10 (commencing with Section 22650). (Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 124, Sec. 128. Effective January 1, 1997.)
  161. 22513.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Tow companies and tow truck operators face strict limits on solicitation, recordkeeping, estimates, and charges, with misdemeanor penalties for willful violations.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22513. (a) (1) It is a misdemeanor for a towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck to stop or cause a person to stop at the scene of an accident or near a disabled vehicle for the purpose of soliciting an engagement for towing services, either directly or indirectly, to furnish towing services, to move a vehicle from a highway, street, or public property when the vehicle has been left unattended or when there is an injury as the result of an accident, or to accrue charges for services furnished under those circumstances, unless requested to perform that service by a law enforcement officer or public agency pursuant to that agency’s procedures, or unless summoned to the scene or requested to stop by the owner or operator of a disabled vehicle. (2) (A) A towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck summoned, or alleging it was summoned, to the scene by the owner or operator of a disabled vehicle shall possess all of the following information in writing prior to arriving at the scene: (i) The first and last name and working telephone number of the person who summoned it to the scene. (ii) The make, model, year, and license plate number of the disabled vehicle. (iii) The date and time it was summoned to the scene. (iv) The name of the person who obtained the information in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii). (B) A towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck summoned, or alleging it was summoned, to the scene by a motor club, as defined by Section 12142 of the Insurance Code, pursuant to the request of the owner or operator of a disabled vehicle is exempt from the requirements of subparagraph (A), provided it possesses all of the following information in writing prior to arriving at the scene: (i) The business name of the motor club. (ii) The identification number the motor club assigns to the referral. (iii) The date and time it was summoned to the scene by the motor club. (3) A towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck requested, or alleging it was requested, to stop at the scene by the owner or operator of a disabled vehicle shall possess all of the following information in writing upon arriving at the scene: (A) The first and last name and working telephone number of the person who requested the stop. (B) The make, model, and license plate number, if one is displayed, of the disabled vehicle. (C) The date and time it was requested to stop. (D) The name of the person who obtained the information in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C). (4) A towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck summoned or requested, or alleging it was summoned or requested, by a law enforcement officer or public agency pursuant to that agency’s procedures to stop at the scene of an accident or near a disabled vehicle for the purpose of soliciting an engagement for towing services, either directly or indirectly, to furnish towing services, or that is expressly authorized to move a vehicle from a highway, street, or public property when the vehicle has been left unattended or when there is an injury as the result of an accident, shall possess all of the following in writing before leaving the scene: (A) The identity of the law enforcement agency or public agency. (B) The log number, call number, incident number, or dispatch number assigned to the incident by law enforcement or the public agency, or the surname and badge number of the law enforcement officer, or the surname and employee identification number of the public agency employee. (C) The date and time of the summons, request, or express authorization. (5) For purposes of this section, “writing” includes electronic records. (b) The towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck shall make the written information described in subdivision (a) available to law enforcement, upon request, from the time it appears at the scene until the time the vehicle is towed and released to a third party, and shall maintain that information for three years. The towing company or owner or operator of a tow truck shall make that information available for inspection and copying within 48 hours of a written request from any officer or agent of a police department, sheriff’s department, the Department of the California Highway Patrol, the Attorney General’s office, a district attorney’s office, or a city attorney’s office. (c) (1) Prior to attaching a vehicle to the tow truck, if the vehicle owner or operator is present at the time and location of the anticipated tow, the towing company or the owner or operator of the tow truck shall furnish the vehicle’s owner or operator with a written itemized estimate of all charges and services to be performed. The estimate shall include all of the following: (A) The name, address, telephone number, and motor carrier permit number of the towing company. (B) The license plate number of the tow truck performing the tow. (C) The first and last name of the towing operator, and if different than the towing operator, the first and last name of the person from the towing company furnishing the estimate. (D) A description and cost for all services, including, but not limited to, charges for labor, special equipment, mileage from dispatch to return, and storage fees, expressed as a 24-hour rate. (2) The tow truck operator shall obtain the vehicle owner or operator’s signature on the itemized estimate and shall furnish a copy to the person who signed the estimate. (3) The requirements in paragraph (1) may be completed after the vehicle is attached and removed to the nearest safe shoulder or street if done at the request of law enforcement or a public agency, provided the estimate is furnished prior to the removal of the vehicle from the nearest safe shoulder or street. (4) The towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck shall maintain the written documents described in this subdivision for three years, and shall make them available for inspection and copying within 48 hours of a written request from any officer or agent of a police department, sheriff’s department, the Department of the California Highway Patrol, the Attorney General’s office, a district attorney’s office, or a city attorney’s office. (5) This subdivision does not apply to a towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck summoned to the scene by a motor club, as defined by Section 12142 of the Insurance Code, pursuant to the request of the owner or operator of a disabled vehicle. (6) This subdivision does not apply to a towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck summoned to the scene by law enforcement or a public agency pursuant to that agency’s procedures, and operating at the scene pursuant to a contract with that law enforcement agency or public agency. (d) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck shall not charge a fee for towing or storage, or both, of a vehicle in excess of the greater of the following: (A) The fee that would have been charged for that towing or storage, or both, made at the request of a law enforcement agency under an agreement between a towing company and the law enforcement agency that exercises primary jurisdiction in the city in which the vehicle was, or was attempted to be, removed, or if not located within a city, the law enforcement agency that exercises primary jurisdiction in the county in which the vehicle was, or was attempted to be, removed. (B) The fee that would have been charged for that towing or storage, or both, under the rate approved for that towing operator by the Department of the California Highway Patrol for the jurisdiction from which the vehicle was, or was attempted to be, removed. (2) Paragraph (1) does not apply to the towing or transportation of a vehicle or temporary storage of a vehicle in transit, if the towing or transportation is performed with the prior consent of the owner or operator of the vehicle. (3) No charge shall be made in excess of the estimated price without the prior consent of the vehicle owner or operator. (4) All services rendered by a tow company or tow truck operator, including any warranty or zero cost services, shall be recorded on an invoice, as described in subdivision (e) of Section 22651.07. The towing company or the owner or operator of a tow truck shall maintain the written documents described in this subdivision for three years, and shall make the documents available for inspection and copying within 48 hours of a written request from any officer or agent of a police department, sheriff’s department, the Department of the California Highway Patrol, the Attorney General’s office, a district attorney’s office, or a city attorney’s office. (e) A person who willfully violates subdivision (b), (c), or (d) is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not more than two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), or by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than three months, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (f) This section shall not apply to the following: (1) A vehicle owned or operated by, or under contract to, a motor club, as defined by Section 12142 of the Insurance Code, which stops to provide services for which compensation is neither requested nor received, provided that those services may not include towing other than that which may be necessary to remove the vehicle to the nearest safe shoulder. The owner or operator of that vehicle may contact a law enforcement agency or other public agency on behalf of a motorist, but may not refer a motorist to a tow truck owner or operator, unless the motorist is a member of the motor club, the motorist is referred to a tow truck owner or operator under contract to the motor club, and, if there is a dispatch facility that services the area and is owned or operated by the motor club, the referral is made through that dispatch facility. (2) A tow truck operator employed by a law enforcement agency or other public agency. (3) A tow truck owner or operator acting under contract with a law enforcement or other public agency to abate abandoned vehicles, or to provide towing service or emergency road service to motorists while involved in freeway service patrol operations, to the extent authorized by law. (Amended by Stats. 2016, Ch. 518, Sec. 1. (AB 2167) Effective January 1, 2017.)
  162. 22513.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Businesses that take possession of a towed vehicle must document specified towing and vehicle information, keep the records for 3 years, and provide them for inspection within 48 hours of a written request.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22513.1. (a) (1) A business taking possession of a vehicle from a tow truck during hours the business is open to the public shall document all of the following: (A) The name, address, and telephone number of the towing company. (B) The name and driver’s license number, driver’s identification number issued by a motor club, as defined in Section 12142 of the Insurance Code, or other government authorized unique identifier of the tow truck operator. (C) The make, model, and license plate or vehicle identification number. (D) The date and time that possession was taken of the vehicle. (2) For purposes of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1), if a tow truck operator refuses to provide information described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) to a new motor vehicle dealer, as defined in Section 426, a new motor vehicle dealer is in compliance with this section if the new motor vehicle dealer documents the reasonable efforts made to obtain this information from the tow truck operator. (b) A business taking possession of a vehicle from a tow truck when the business is closed to the public shall document all of the following: (1) The make, model, and license plate or vehicle identification number. (2) The date and time that the business first observed the vehicle on its property. (3) The reasonable effort made by the business to contact the towing company, if identifying information was left with the vehicle, and the vehicle’s owner or operator to obtain and document both of the following: (A) The name, address, and telephone number of the towing company. (B) The name and driver’s license number, driver’s identification number issued by a motor club, as defined in Section 12142 of the Insurance Code, or other government authorized unique identifier of the tow truck operator. (c) The information required in this section shall be maintained for three years and shall be available for inspection and copying within 48 hours of a written request by any officer or agent of a police department, a sheriff’s department, the Department of the California Highway Patrol, the Attorney General’s office, the Bureau of Automotive Repair, a district attorney’s office, or a city attorney’s office. (d) For purposes of this section, a new motor vehicle dealer, as defined in Section 426, is not open to the public during hours its repair shop is closed to the public. (e) A person who willfully violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor, and that violation is punishable by a fine of not more than two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500), or by imprisonment in a county jail for not more than three months, or by both that fine and imprisonment. (Amended by Stats. 2017, Ch. 561, Sec. 254. (AB 1516) Effective January 1, 2018.)
  163. 22514.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    You generally may not stop, park, or leave a vehicle within 15 feet of a fire hydrant, unless one of the listed exceptions applies.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22514. No person shall stop, park, or leave standing any vehicle within 15 feet of a fire hydrant except as follows: (a) If the vehicle is attended by a licensed driver who is seated in the front seat and who can immediately move such vehicle in case of necessity. (b) If the local authority adopts an ordinance or resolution reducing that distance. If the distance is less than 10 feet total length when measured along the curb or edge of the street, the distance shall be indicated by signs or markings. (c) If the vehicle is owned or operated by a fire department and is clearly marked as a fire department vehicle. (Amended by Stats. 1987, Ch. 488, Sec. 1.)
  164. 22515.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    People in control of vehicles must not leave them standing on a highway unattended unless the required brakes are set; for non-motor vehicles, the wheels must also be blocked or the brakes set to prevent movement.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22515. (a) No person driving, or in control of, or in charge of, a motor vehicle shall permit it to stand on any highway unattended without first effectively setting the brakes thereon and stopping the motor thereof. (b) No person in control of, or in charge of, any vehicle, other than a motor vehicle, shall permit it to stand on any highway without first effectively setting the brakes thereon, or blocking the wheels thereof, to effectively prevent the movement of the vehicle. (Amended by Stats. 1986, Ch. 362, Sec. 3.)
  165. 22516.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    No person may leave a locked vehicle standing if someone inside cannot readily escape.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22516. No person shall leave standing a locked vehicle in which there is any person who cannot readily escape therefrom. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  166. 22517.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    People must not open a vehicle door next to moving traffic unless it is safe and will not interfere with traffic, and must not leave such a door open longer than needed to load or unload passengers.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22517. No person shall open the door of a vehicle on the side available to moving traffic unless it is reasonably safe to do so and can be done without interfering with the movement of such traffic, nor shall any person leave a door open on the side of a vehicle available to moving traffic for a period of time longer than necessary to load or unload passengers. (Amended by Stats. 1963, Ch. 162.)
  167. 22518.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    These parking facilities are for bicycle, public transit, or ridesharing use only, and people may not park long vehicles, loiter, camp, or do vending or other commercial activity there.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22518. (a) Fringe and transportation corridor parking facilities constructed, maintained, or operated by the Department of Transportation pursuant to Section 146.5 of the Streets and Highways Code shall be used only by persons using a bicycle or public transit, or engaged in ridesharing, including, but not limited to, carpools or vanpools. A person shall not park a vehicle 30 feet or more in length, engage in loitering or camping, or engage in vending or any other commercial activity on any fringe or transportation corridor parking facility. (b) This section does not apply to alternatively fueled infrastructure programs in park-and-ride lots owned and operated by the Department of Transportation. (Amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 676, Sec. 3. (AB 2583) Effective January 1, 2013.)
  168. 22519.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may regulate parking, stopping, or standing on offstreet parking facilities they own or operate, but the ordinance or resolution does not apply until notice signs are erected.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22519. Local authorities may by ordinance or resolution prohibit, restrict or regulate the parking, stopping or standing of vehicles on any offstreet parking facility which it owns or operates. No such ordinance or resolution shall apply until signs giving notice thereof have been erected. (Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 1486.)
  169. 2252.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner may designate specialized positions, but only with Personnel Board approval, and those positions must be filled through open competitive examinations held under law.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2252. Such specialized positions as shall be designated by the commissioner with the approval of the Personnel Board shall be filled pursuant to open competitive examinations held pursuant to law. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  170. 22520.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    People generally may not sell or try to sell goods or services in or near freeway right-of-way areas, with listed exceptions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22520.5. (a) No person shall solicit, display, sell, offer for sale, or otherwise vend or attempt to vend any merchandise or service while being wholly or partly within any of the following: (1) The right-of-way of any freeway, including any on ramp, off ramp, or roadway shoulder which lies within the right-of-way of the freeway. (2) Any roadway or adjacent shoulder within 500 feet of a freeway off ramp or on ramp. (3) Any sidewalk within 500 feet of a freeway off ramp or on ramp, when vending or attempting to vend to vehicular traffic. (b) Subdivision (a) does not apply to a roadside rest area or vista point located within a freeway right-of-way which is subject to Section 22520.6, to a tow truck or service vehicle rendering assistance to a disabled vehicle, or to a person issued a permit to vend upon the freeway pursuant to Section 670 of the Streets and Highways Code. (c) A violation of this section is an infraction. A second or subsequent conviction of a violation of this section is a misdemeanor. (Amended by Stats. 1988, Ch. 924, Sec. 10.)
  171. 22520.6.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person may not do any activity in a highway roadside rest area or vista point if that activity is prohibited by the applicable rules and regulations.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22520.6. (a) No person shall engage in any activity within a highway roadside rest area or vista point prohibited by rules and regulations adopted pursuant to Section 225 of the Streets and Highways Code. (b) A violation of this section is an infraction. A second or subsequent conviction of a violation of this section is a misdemeanor. (Added by Stats. 1983, Ch. 275, Sec. 3. Effective July 15, 1983.)
  172. 22521.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not park a vehicle on a railroad track or within 7.5 feet of the nearest rail.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22521. No person shall park a vehicle upon any railroad track or within 71/2 feet of the nearest rail. (Added by Stats. 1968, Ch. 625.)
  173. 22522.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not park a vehicle within three feet of a designated sidewalk access ramp near a crosswalk or other accessible sidewalk location.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22522. No person shall park a vehicle within three feet of any sidewalk access ramp constructed at, or adjacent to, a crosswalk or at any other location on a sidewalk so as to be accessible to and usable by the physically disabled, if the area adjoining the ramp is designated by either a sign or red paint. (Amended by Stats. 1999, Ch. 1007, Sec. 22. Effective January 1, 2000.)
  174. 22523.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A person must not abandon a vehicle on a highway or on property without the owner’s consent. Violations can lead to at least a $100 fine, and the offender must prove removal and disposition costs were paid, unless the vehicle was stolen before abandonment.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22523. (a) No person shall abandon a vehicle upon any highway. (b) No person shall abandon a vehicle upon public or private property without the express or implied consent of the owner or person in lawful possession or control of the property. (c) Any person convicted of a violation of this section shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars ($100) and shall provide proof that the costs of removal and disposition of the vehicle have been paid. No part of any fine imposed shall be suspended. The fine may be paid in installments if the court determines that the defendant is unable to pay the entire amount in one payment. (d) Proof that the costs of removal and disposition of the vehicle have been paid shall not be required if proof is provided to the court that the vehicle was stolen prior to abandonment. That proof may consist of a police report or other evidence acceptable to the court. (e) The costs required to be paid for the removal and disposition of any vehicle determined to be abandoned pursuant to Section 22669 shall not exceed those for towing and seven days of storage. This subdivision does not apply if the registered owner or legal owner has completed and returned to the lienholder a “Declaration of Opposition” form within the time specified in Section 22851.8. (f) (1) If a vehicle is abandoned in violation of subdivision (b) and is not redeemed after impound, the last registered owner is guilty of an infraction. In addition to any other penalty, the registered owner shall be liable for any deficiency remaining after disposal of the vehicle under Section 3071 or 3072 of the Civil Code or Section 22851.10 of this code. (2) The filing of a report of sale or transfer of the vehicle pursuant to Section 5602, the filing of a vehicle theft report with a law enforcement agency, or the filing of a form or notice with the department pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 4456 or Section 5900 or 5901 relieves the registered owner of liability under this subdivision. (Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 676, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 1997.)
  175. 22524.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    If a vehicle is abandoned as described here, the last registered owner is presumed responsible and liable for removal and disposition costs. An owner who sold or transferred the vehicle and delivered possession may rebut that presumption by showing compliance with Section 5900 or other satisfactory proof to the court.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22524. (a) The abandonment of any vehicle in a manner as provided in Section 22523 shall constitute a prima facie presumption that the last registered owner of record is responsible for the abandonment and is thereby liable for the cost of removal and disposition of the vehicle. (b) An owner who has made a bona fide sale or transfer of a vehicle and has delivered possession of the vehicle to a purchaser may overcome the presumption prescribed in subdivision (a) by demonstrating that he or she has complied with Section 5900 or providing other proof satisfactory to the court. (c) This section shall become operative on July 1, 1989. (Repealed (in Sec. 6) and added by Stats. 1988, Ch. 1267, Sec. 7. Effective September 26, 1988. Section operative July 1, 1989, by its own provisions.)
  176. 22524.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    This section makes certain insurers liable for ordinary and reasonable towing and storage charges after an accident or stolen-vehicle recovery, lets them pay either the tow/storage provider or the insured/claimant, and requires related fees to be reasonable.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22524.5. (a) Any insurer that is responsible for coverage for ordinary and reasonable towing and storage charges under an automobile insurance policy to an insured or on behalf of an insured to a valid claimant, is liable for those charges to the person performing those services when a vehicle is towed and stored as a result of an accident or stolen recovery. The insurer may discharge the obligation by making payment to the person performing the towing and storage services or to the insured or on behalf of the insured to the claimant. (b) Any insured or claimant who has received payment, which includes towing and storage charges, from an insurer for a loss relating to a vehicle is liable for those charges to the person performing those services. (c) (1) All towing and storage fees charged when those services are performed as a result of an accident or recovery of a stolen vehicle shall be reasonable. (2) (A) For purposes of this section, a towing and storage charge shall be deemed reasonable if it does not exceed those fees and rates charged for similar services provided in response to requests initiated by a public agency, including, but not limited to, the Department of the California Highway Patrol or local police department. (B) A storage rate and fee shall also be deemed reasonable if it is comparable to storage-related rates and fees charged by other facilities in the same locale. This does not preclude a rate or fee that is higher or lower if it is otherwise reasonable. (3) The following rates and fees are presumptively unreasonable: (A) Administrative or filing fees, except those incurred related to documentation from the Department of Motor Vehicles and those related to the lien sale of a vehicle. (B) Security fees. (C) Dolly fees. (D) Load and unload fees. (E) Pull-out fees. (F) Gate fees, except when the owner or insurer of the vehicle requests that the vehicle be released outside of normal business hours. (G) When gate fees are reasonably assessed, any additional towing fees that exceed 10 percent of the normal towing rate due to the call originating after normal business hours. (H) Any storage fees charged for state holidays that exceed the posted standard daily storage rate. (I) (i) Towing fees when the owner or the operator of a tow truck is directed by a law enforcement officer to remove a vehicle to the nearest shoulder or to level ground adjacent to the roadway for the sole purpose of clearing a roadway to facilitate access by an emergency vehicle at the scene of a state emergency, as defined in Section 8625 of the Government Code, or a local emergency, as defined in Section 8630 of the Government Code. (ii) An owner or operator of a tow truck that removes a vehicle under the circumstances described in clause (i) and acts in good faith shall not be subject to civil liability for any damage to personal property that results from the removal of the vehicle. (iii) The limitation of liability described in clause (ii) shall not apply to an act or omission by an owner or operator of a tow truck that constitutes gross negligence or willful or wanton misconduct. (J) Following a request from the vehicle owner to release their vehicle, and upon payment of all fees then due, storage fees for any day that a storage facility fails to release the vehicle. (K) Storage fees in excess of 50 percent of the daily storage rate when a vehicle is recovered within the first four hours of storage. (d) Notwithstanding this section, an insurer shall comply with all of its obligations under Section 2695.8 of Chapter 5 of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations. (e) Nothing in paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) prohibits any fees authorized in a written agreement between a law enforcement agency and a towing or storage company, including, but not limited to, official police garages operating under the jurisdiction of a municipal police commission, if the tow was initiated by the law enforcement agency. (f) For purposes of this section, “normal business hours” means Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., inclusive, except for state holidays. (Amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 345, Sec. 2. (AB 987) Effective January 1, 2026.)
  177. 22525.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Local authorities may authorize vanpool vehicles to use designated state highway bus stops, but the ordinance or resolution must be sent to the Department of Transportation and cannot take effect until approved.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22525. Local authorities may by ordinance or resolution authorize vanpool vehicles to utilize designated state highway bus stops. The ordinance or resolution shall be submitted to the Department of Transportation for approval. No ordinance or resolution shall become effective until approved by the department. The department shall review the ordinance or resolution within 45 days after receipt. (Added by Stats. 1987, Ch. 262, Sec. 1.)
  178. 22526.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Drivers must not enter intersections, marked crosswalks, or railroad/rail transit crossings unless there is enough space or clearance to pass without blocking traffic; local authorities may post signs for some of these rules.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 9. Stopping, Standing, and Parking [22500 - 22526] ( Chapter 9 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22526. (a) Notwithstanding any official traffic control signal indication to proceed, a driver of a vehicle shall not enter an intersection or marked crosswalk unless there is sufficient space on the other side of the intersection or marked crosswalk to accommodate the vehicle driven without obstructing the through passage of vehicles from either side. (b) A driver of a vehicle which is making a turn at an intersection who is facing a steady circular yellow or yellow arrow signal shall not enter the intersection or marked crosswalk unless there is sufficient space on the other side of the intersection or marked crosswalk to accommodate the vehicle driven without obstructing the through passage of vehicles from either side. (c) A driver of a vehicle shall not enter a railroad or rail transit crossing, notwithstanding any official traffic control device or signal indication to proceed, unless there is sufficient undercarriage clearance to cross the intersection without obstructing the through passage of a railway vehicle, including, but not limited to, a train, trolley, or city transit vehicle. (d) A driver of a vehicle shall not enter a railroad or rail transit crossing, notwithstanding any official traffic control device or signal indication to proceed, unless there is sufficient space on the other side of the railroad or rail transit crossing to accommodate the vehicle driven and any railway vehicle, including, but not limited to, a train, trolley, or city transit vehicle. (e) A local authority may post appropriate signs at the entrance to intersections indicating the prohibition in subdivisions (a), (b), and (c). (f) A violation of this section is not a violation of a law relating to the safe operation of vehicles and is the following: (1) A stopping violation when a notice to appear has been issued by a peace officer described in Section 830.1, 830.2, or 830.33 of the Penal Code. (2) A parking violation when a notice of parking violation is issued by a person, other than a peace officer described in paragraph (1), who is authorized to enforce parking statutes and regulations. (g) This section shall be known and may be cited as the Anti-Gridlock Act of 1987. (Amended by Stats. 2010, Ch. 216, Sec. 11. (AB 2144) Effective January 1, 2011.)
  179. 2253.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    For workers’ compensation purposes, a California Highway Patrol member is treated as on duty and within the scope of employment when exercising lawful powers or duties during any time of day.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2253. For the purpose of determining the scope of employment of any member of the California Highway Patrol under the workers’ compensation laws, any such member shall be deemed to be on duty and acting within the scope of the person’s employment when actually exercising any of the powers or performing any of the duties imposed or authorized by law at any time during the 24 hours of the day. (Amended by Stats. 1974, Ch. 1454.)
  180. 2254.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    If a dispute arises between the department and one of its members in an industrial disability case, the member or the member’s attorney may inspect relevant department or State Compensation Insurance Fund records on demand.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2254. In the event any dispute arises between the department and any of its members in an industrial disability case, such member or his attorney, upon demand, shall be entitled to examine any record of the department or of the State Compensation Insurance Fund which has any bearing on said case. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  181. 2255.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A California Highway Patrol member assigned to a county may not be sent outside that county for more than one week, unless the employee requests a transfer or there is a temporary traffic emergency or seasonal staffing change.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2255. No member of the California Highway Patrol, appointed to serve in any county, shall be assigned by the commissioner for service outside the county for a longer period than one week, except: (a) Pursuant to a request by the employee for a transfer. (b) As may be necessitated by temporary traffic emergencies requiring an increase in the number of patrol members in one locality or seasonal changes making expedient a decrease in the number of patrol members in one locality, but in such latter events no assignment shall be made for disciplinary purposes. An assignment under this section shall be made by the commissioner. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  182. 2256.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Applicants for entry-level peace officer positions in the California Highway Patrol must be at least 21, and examination applicants must not be over 35.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2256. Notwithstanding Section 18932 of the Government Code, the minimum age limit for appointment to the position of entry level peace officer of the Department of the California Highway Patrol, shall be 21 years, and the maximum age limit for examination shall be 35 years. (Amended by Stats. 2001, Ch. 162, Sec. 1. Effective January 1, 2002.)
  183. 2257.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner must issue each California Highway Patrol member a badge of authority with the specified seal, wording, and position designation.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2257. The commissioner shall issue to each member of the California Highway Patrol a badge of authority with the seal of the State of California in the center thereof, the words “California Highway Patrol” encircling the seal and below the designation of the position held by each member to whom issued. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  184. 2258.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner or any other person must not issue a badge to someone who is not a duly appointed member of the California Highway Patrol.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2258. Neither the commissioner nor any other person shall issue a badge to any person who is not a duly appointed member of the California Highway Patrol. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  185. 2259.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of the California Highway Patrol must pay to repair a member’s uniforms and equipment if they are damaged in the line of duty; if they are beyond repair, the department must pay their actual value as determined by the commissioner.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2259. The Department of the California Highway Patrol shall pay to the member, or his estate, the cost of repairing the uniforms and equipment of the member of the California Highway Patrol which are damaged in the line of duty. If the uniforms or equipment are damaged beyond repair, the department shall pay an amount equal to the actual value thereof at the time the damage occurred, which shall be determined by the commissioner. The term “equipment,” as used in this section, shall include equipment required by the department or personal accoutrements necessary for the patrol member to perform his duty. (Amended by Stats. 1961, Ch. 1473.)
  186. 2259.5.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner must make certified bulletproof vests available to California Highway Patrol members when they are engaged in enforcement activities.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2259.5. The commissioner shall make certified bulletproof vests available to members of the California Highway Patrol while engaged in enforcement activities. The commissioner may make the equipment available to the remainder of the personnel of the California Highway Patrol. The equipment shall remain the property of the Department of the California Highway Patrol and shall be returned upon request of the commissioner. This section shall not be construed to require that the commissioner provide one certified bulletproof vest for each member of the California Highway Patrol. It is the intent of this section that a sufficient number of vests be available for the use of members of the California Highway Patrol while engaged in enforcement activities. The vests may be passed from one shift to another in the interests of economy. (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 133, Sec. 104. (SB 272) Effective July 23, 2021.)
  187. 2260.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner may provide a uniform to each new California Highway Patrol member and may pay the cost upfront.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2260. The commissioner may advance the cost of, or obtain and furnish, one complete uniform, including such items of clothing and equipment as may be required by the commissioner, to each new member of the California Highway Patrol hereafter employed. The cost to the commissioner shall be deducted from the salary of such member in installments within the first year after he has completed the training school. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  188. 2261.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Most people may not wear a uniform that is substantially similar to the official California Highway Patrol uniform.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2261. A uniform substantially similar to the official uniform of members of the California Highway Patrol shall not be worn by any other law enforcement officer or by any other person except duly appointed members of the California Highway Patrol and persons authorized by the commissioner to wear such uniform in connection with a program of entertainment. A uniform shall be deemed substantially similar to the uniform of the California Highway Patrol if it so resembles such official uniform as to cause an ordinary reasonable person to believe that the person wearing the uniform is a member of the California Highway Patrol. (Amended by Stats. 1968, Ch. 1192.)
  189. 2262.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner must establish a training school for California Highway Patrol members and any other necessary department employees, and may contract with local government entities to use school facilities.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2262. The commissioner shall establish a school for the training and education of the members of the California Highway Patrol, and for other employees of the department deemed necessary, in traffic regulation, in the performance of their duties, and in the proper enforcement of this code and laws respecting use of the highways. The commissioner may contract with any county, city, district, or other subdivision of the state for the use of school facilities in the training of enforcement officers. (Amended by Stats. 2021, Ch. 133, Sec. 105. (SB 272) Effective July 23, 2021.)
  190. 2263.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    California Highway Patrol training must include shooting practice and firearm instruction. Firearm training may also be given in connection with the school or otherwise, and patrol members may take part in shooting competitions.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2263. Shooting practice and instruction in the use of firearms shall constitute part of the training to be given to members of the California Highway Patrol. Firearm training may be given in connection with the school or otherwise and may include participation by patrol members in shooting competition. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  191. 2264.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The commissioner may give appropriate badges to patrol members for excellence in marksmanship.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2264. The commissioner may procure and issue appropriate badges to patrol members for excellence in marksmanship. (Enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3.)
  192. 2265.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    The Department of the California Highway Patrol may not charge a member for replacing required uniform clothing or accessories when the replacement is needed because the department changed its uniform rules after this section took effect.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 2. ADMINISTRATION [1500 - 3093] ( Division 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 2. Department of the California Highway Patrol [2100 - 2482] ( Chapter 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 2. The California Highway Patrol [2250 - 2269] ( Article 2 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 2265. The Department of the California Highway Patrol shall not assess against any member of the department the cost of replacing any article of uniform clothing or accessories which employees are required to wear when the replacement is necessary as a result of a change in uniform regulations by the department after the effective date of this section. (Added by Stats. 1959, Ch. 1704.)
  193. 22650.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A peace officer or unauthorized person generally may not remove an unattended vehicle from a highway, except as allowed by the code.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22650. (a) It is unlawful for a peace officer or an unauthorized person to remove an unattended vehicle from a highway to a garage or to any other place, except as provided in this code. (b) Any removal of a vehicle is a seizure under the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States and Section 13 of Article I of the California Constitution, and shall be reasonable and subject to the limits set forth in Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. A removal pursuant to an authority, including, but not limited to, as provided in Section 22651, that is based on community caretaking, is only reasonable if the removal is necessary to achieve the community caretaking need, such as ensuring the safe flow of traffic or protecting property from theft or vandalism. (c) Those law enforcement and other agencies identified in this chapter as having the authority to remove vehicles shall also have the authority to provide hearings in compliance with the provisions of Section 22852. During these hearings the storing agency shall have the burden of establishing the authority for, and the validity of, the removal. (d) This section does not prevent a review or other action as may be permitted by the laws of this state by a court of competent jurisdiction. (Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 592, Sec. 1. (AB 2876) Effective January 1, 2019.)
  194. 22651.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain peace officers and parking/traffic enforcement employees may remove vehicles when listed conditions are met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22651. A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, or a regularly employed and salaried employee who is engaged in directing traffic or enforcing parking laws and regulations of a city, county, or jurisdiction of a state agency in which a vehicle is located may remove a vehicle located within the territorial limits in which the officer or employee may act, under the following circumstances: (a) If a vehicle is left unattended upon a bridge, viaduct, or causeway or in a tube or tunnel where the vehicle constitutes an obstruction to traffic. (b) If a vehicle is parked or left standing upon a highway in a position so as to obstruct the normal movement of traffic or in a condition so as to create a hazard to other traffic upon the highway. (c) If a vehicle is found upon a highway or public land and a report has previously been made that the vehicle is stolen or a complaint has been filed and a warrant thereon is issued charging that the vehicle was embezzled. (d) If a vehicle is illegally parked so as to block the entrance to a private driveway, and it is impractical to move the vehicle from in front of the driveway to another point on the highway. (e) If a vehicle is illegally parked so as to prevent access by firefighting equipment to a fire hydrant, and it is impracticable to move the vehicle from in front of the fire hydrant to another point on the highway. (f) If a vehicle, except highway maintenance or construction equipment, is stopped, parked, or left standing for more than four hours upon the right-of-way of a freeway that has full control of access and no crossings at grade, and the driver, if present, cannot move the vehicle under its own power. (g) If the person in charge of a vehicle upon a highway or public land is, by reason of physical injuries or illness, incapacitated to an extent so as to be unable to provide for its custody or removal. (h) (1) If an officer arrests a person driving or in control of a vehicle for an alleged offense, and the officer is, by this code or other law, required or permitted to take, and, except as provided in Section 23109.3, does take, the person into custody. (2) If an officer serves a notice of an order of suspension or revocation pursuant to Section 13388 or 13389. (i) (1) If a vehicle, other than a rented vehicle, is found upon a highway or public land, or is removed pursuant to this code, and it is known that the vehicle has been issued five or more notices of parking violations to which the owner or person in control of the vehicle has not responded within 21 calendar days of notice of citation issuance or citation issuance or 14 calendar days of the mailing of a notice of delinquent parking violation to the agency responsible for processing notices of parking violations, or the registered owner of the vehicle is known to have been issued five or more notices for failure to pay or failure to appear in court for traffic violations for which a certificate has not been issued by the magistrate or clerk of the court hearing the case showing that the case has been adjudicated or concerning which the registered owner’s record has not been cleared pursuant to Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 41500) of Division 17, the vehicle may be impounded until that person furnishes to the impounding law enforcement agency all of the following: (A) Evidence of their identity. (B) An address within this state where they can be located. (C) Satisfactory evidence that all parking penalties due for the vehicle and all other vehicles registered to the registered owner of the impounded vehicle and all traffic violations of the registered owner have been cleared. (2) The requirements in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) shall be fully enforced by the impounding law enforcement agency on and after the time that the Department of Motor Vehicles is able to provide access to the necessary records. (3) A notice of parking violation issued for an unlawfully parked vehicle shall be accompanied by a warning that repeated violations may result in the impounding of the vehicle. In lieu of furnishing satisfactory evidence that the full amount of parking penalties or bail has been deposited, that person may demand to be taken without unnecessary delay before a magistrate, for traffic offenses, or a hearing examiner, for parking offenses, within the county where the offenses charged are alleged to have been committed and who has jurisdiction of the offenses and is nearest or most accessible with reference to the place where the vehicle is impounded. Evidence of current registration shall be produced after a vehicle has been impounded, or, at the discretion of the impounding law enforcement agency, a notice to appear for violation of subdivision (a) of Section 4000 shall be issued to that person. (4) A vehicle shall be released to the legal owner, as defined in Section 370, if the legal owner does all of the following: (A) Pays the cost of towing and storing the vehicle. (B) Submits evidence of payment of fees as provided in Section 9561. (C) Completes an affidavit in a form acceptable to the impounding law enforcement agency stating that the vehicle was not in possession of the legal owner at the time of occurrence of the offenses relating to standing or parking. A vehicle released to a legal owner under this subdivision is a repossessed vehicle for purposes of disposition or sale. The impounding agency shall have a lien on any surplus that remains upon sale of the vehicle, to which the registered owner is or may be entitled, as security for the full amount of the parking penalties for all notices of parking violations issued for the vehicle and for all local administrative charges imposed pursuant to Section 22850.5. The legal owner shall promptly remit to, and deposit with, the agency responsible for processing notices of parking violations from that surplus, on receipt of that surplus, the full amount of the parking penalties for all notices of parking violations issued for the vehicle and for all local administrative charges imposed pursuant to Section 22850.5. (5) The impounding agency that has a lien on the surplus that remains upon the sale of a vehicle to which a registered owner is entitled pursuant to paragraph (4) has a deficiency claim against the registered owner for the full amount of the parking penalties for all notices of parking violations issued for the vehicle and for all local administrative charges imposed pursuant to Section 22850.5, less the amount received from the sale of the vehicle. (j) If a vehicle is found illegally parked and there are no license plates or other evidence of registration displayed, the vehicle may be impounded until the owner or person in control of the vehicle furnishes the impounding law enforcement agency evidence of their identity and an address within this state where they can be located. (k) If a vehicle is parked or left standing upon a highway for 72 or more consecutive hours in violation of a local ordinance authorizing removal. (l) If a vehicle is illegally parked on a highway in violation of a local ordinance forbidding standing or parking and the use of a highway, or a portion thereof, is necessary for the cleaning, repair, or construction of the highway, or for the installation of underground utilities, and signs giving notice that the vehicle may be removed are erected or placed at least 24 hours prior to the removal by a local authority pursuant to the ordinance. (m) If the use of the highway, or a portion of the highway, is authorized by a local authority for a purpose other than the normal flow of traffic or for the movement of equipment, articles, or structures of unusual size, and the parking of a vehicle would prohibit or interfere with that use or movement, and signs giving notice that the vehicle may be removed are erected or placed at least 24 hours prior to the removal by a local authority pursuant to the ordinance. (n) Whenever a vehicle is parked or left standing where local authorities, by resolution or ordinance, have prohibited parking and have authorized the removal of vehicles. Except as provided in subdivisions (v) and (w), a vehicle shall not be removed unless signs are posted giving notice of the removal. (o) (1) If a vehicle is found or operated upon a highway, public land, or an offstreet parking facility under any of the following circumstances: (A) (i) With a registration expiration date in excess of six months before the date it is found or operated on the highway, public lands, or the offstreet parking facility. (ii) Prior to removing a vehicle pursuant to this subparagraph, the officer or employee shall verify, using available Department of Motor Vehicles records, that no current registration exists for the vehicle. A vehicle shall not be removed pursuant to this subparagraph if it has a current registration on file with the Department of Motor Vehicles, regardless of whether the vehicle is in compliance with subdivision (a) of Section 5204. If the officer or employee does not have immediate access to those records, a vehicle shall not be removed pursuant to this subparagraph. (B) Displaying in, or upon, the vehicle, a registration card, identification card, temporary receipt, license plate, special plate, registration sticker, device issued pursuant to Section 4853, or permit that was not issued for that vehicle or is not otherwise lawfully used on that vehicle under this code. (C) Displaying in, or upon, the vehicle, an altered, forged, counterfeit, or falsified registration card, identification card, temporary receipt, license plate, special plate, registration sticker, device issued pursuant to Section 4853, or permit. (D) (i) The vehicle is operating using autonomous technology, without the registered owner or manufacturer of the vehicle having first applied for and obtained a valid permit that is required to operate the vehicle on public roads pursuant to Section 38750, Article 3.7 (commencing with Section 227.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, and Article 3.8 (commencing with Section 228.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations. (ii) The vehicle is operating using autonomous technology after the registered owner or person in control of the vehicle received notice that the vehicle’s permit required for the operation of the vehicle pursuant to Section 38750, Article 3.7 (commencing with Section 227.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, and Article 3.8 (commencing with Section 228.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations is suspended, terminated, or revoked. (iii) For purposes of this subdivision, the terms “autonomous technology” and “autonomous vehicle” have the same meanings as in Section 38750. (iv) This subparagraph does not provide the authority for a peace officer to stop an autonomous vehicle solely for the purpose of determining whether the vehicle is operating using autonomous technology without a valid permit required to operate the autonomous vehicle on public roads pursuant to Section 38750, Article 3.7 (commencing with Section 227.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, and Article 3.8 (commencing with Section 228.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations. (2) If a vehicle described in paragraph (1) is occupied, only a peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, may remove the vehicle. (3) For the purposes of this subdivision, the vehicle shall be released under any of the following circumstances: (A) If the vehicle has been removed pursuant to subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1), to the registered owner of, or person in control of, the vehicle only after the owner or person furnishes the storing law enforcement agency with proof of current registration and a valid driver’s license to operate the vehicle. (B) If the vehicle has been removed pursuant to subparagraph (D) of paragraph (1), to the registered owner of, or person in control of, the autonomous vehicle, after the registered owner or person furnishes the storing law enforcement agency with proof of current registration and a valid driver’s license, if required to operate the autonomous vehicle, and either of the following: (i) Proof of a valid permit required to operate the autonomous vehicle using autonomous technology on public roads pursuant to Section 38750, Article 3.7 (commencing with Section 227.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, and Article 3.8 (commencing with Section 228.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations. (ii) A declaration or sworn statement to the Department of Motor Vehicles that states that the autonomous vehicle will not be operated using autonomous technology upon public roads without first obtaining a valid permit to operate the vehicle pursuant to Section 38750, Article 3.7 (commencing with Section 227.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, and Article 3.8 (commencing with Section 228.00) of Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations. (C) To the legal owner or the legal owner’s agency, without payment of any fees, fines, or penalties for parking tickets or registration and without proof of current registration, if the vehicle will only be transported pursuant to the exemption specified in Section 4022 and if the legal owner does all of the following: (i) Pays the cost of towing and storing the vehicle. (ii) Completes an affidavit in a form acceptable to the impounding law enforcement agency stating that the vehicle was not in possession of the legal owner at the time of occurrence of an offense relating to standing or parking. A vehicle released to a legal owner under this subdivision is a repossessed vehicle for purposes of disposition or sale. The impounding agency has a lien on any surplus that remains upon sale of the vehicle to which the registered owner is or may be entitled, as security for the full amount of parking penalties for any notices of parking violations issued for the vehicle and for all local administrative charges imposed pursuant to Section 22850.5. Upon receipt of any surplus, the legal owner shall promptly remit to, and deposit with, the agency responsible for processing notices of parking violations from that surplus, the full amount of the parking penalties for all notices of parking violations issued for the vehicle and for all local administrative charges imposed pursuant to Section 22850.5. (4) The impounding agency that has a lien on the surplus that remains upon the sale of a vehicle to which a registered owner is entitled has a deficiency claim against the registered owner for the full amount of parking penalties for any notices of parking violations issued for the vehicle and for all local administrative charges imposed pursuant to Section 22850.5, less the amount received from the sale of the vehicle. (5) As used in this subdivision, “offstreet parking facility” means an offstreet facility held open for use by the public for parking vehicles and includes a publicly owned facility for offstreet parking and a privately owned facility for offstreet parking if a fee is not charged for the privilege to park and it is held open for the common public use of retail customers. (p) If the peace officer issues the driver of a vehicle a notice to appear for a violation of Section 12500, 14601, 14601.1, 14601.2, 14601.3, 14601.4, 14601.5, or 14604, and the vehicle is not impounded pursuant to Section 22655.5. A vehicle so removed from the highway or public land, or from private property after having been on a highway or public land, shall not be released to the registered owner or their agent, except upon presentation of the registered owner’s or their agent’s currently valid driver’s license to operate the vehicle and proof of current vehicle registration to the impounding law enforcement agency or upon order of a court. (q) If a vehicle is parked for more than 24 hours on a portion of highway that is located within the boundaries of a common interest development, as defined in Section 4100 or 6534 of the Civil Code, and signs, as required by paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 22658 of this code, have been posted on that portion of highway providing notice to drivers that vehicles parked thereon for more than 24 hours will be removed at the owner’s expense pursuant to a resolution or ordinance adopted by the local authority. (r) If a vehicle is illegally parked and blocks the movement of a legally parked vehicle. (s) (1) If a vehicle, except highway maintenance or construction equipment, an authorized emergency vehicle, or a vehicle that is properly permitted or otherwise authorized by the Department of Transportation, is stopped, parked, or left standing for more than eight hours within a roadside rest area or viewpoint. (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if a commercial motor vehicle, as defined in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 15210, is stopped, parked, or left standing for more than 10 hours within a roadside rest area or viewpoint. (3) For purposes of this subdivision, a roadside rest area or viewpoint is a publicly maintained vehicle parking area, adjacent to a highway, utilized for the convenient, safe stopping of a vehicle to enable motorists to rest or to view the scenery. If two or more roadside rest areas are located on opposite sides of the highway, or upon the center divider, within seven miles of each other, then that combination of rest areas is considered to be the same rest area. (t) If a peace officer issues a notice to appear for a violation of Section 25279. (u) If a peace officer issues a citation for a violation of Section 11700, and the vehicle is being offered for sale. (v) (1) If a vehicle is a mobile billboard advertising display, as defined in Section 395.5, and is parked or left standing in violation of a local resolution or ordinance adopted pursuant to subdivision (m) of Section 21100, if the registered owner of the vehicle was previously issued a warning citation for the same offense pursuant to paragraph (2). (2) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 22507, a city or county, in lieu of posting signs noticing a local ordinance prohibiting mobile billboard advertising displays adopted pursuant to subdivision (m) of Section 21100 may provide notice by issuing a warning citation advising the registered owner of the vehicle that they may be subject to penalties upon a subsequent violation of the ordinance that may include the removal of the vehicle as provided in paragraph (1). A city or county is not required to provide further notice for a subsequent violation prior to the enforcement of penalties for a violation of the ordinance. (w) (1) If a vehicle is parked or left standing in violation of a local ordinance or resolution adopted pursuant to subdivision (p) of Section 21100, if the registered owner of the vehicle was previously issued a warning citation for the same offense pursuant to paragraph (2). (2) Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 22507, a city or county, in lieu of posting signs noticing a local ordinance regulating advertising signs adopted pursuant to subdivision (p) of Section 21100 may provide notice by issuing a warning citation advising the registered owner of the vehicle that they may be subject to penalties upon a subsequent violation of the ordinance that may include the removal of the vehicle as provided in paragraph (1). A city or county is not required to provide further notice for a subsequent violation before the enforcement of penalties for a violation of the ordinance. (Amended by Stats. 2024, Ch. 501, Sec. 1. (AB 1978) Effective January 1, 2025.)
  195. 22651.05.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    A trained volunteer may remove or authorize removal of a vehicle only in listed parking and traffic-related situations, and some removals require posted notice signs.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22651.05. (a) A trained volunteer of a state or local law enforcement agency, who is engaged in directing traffic or enforcing parking laws and regulations, of a city, county, or jurisdiction of a state agency in which a vehicle is located, may remove or authorize the removal of a vehicle located within the territorial limits in which an officer or employee of that agency may act, under any of the following circumstances: (1) When a vehicle is parked or left standing upon a highway for 72 or more consecutive hours in violation of a local ordinance authorizing the removal. (2) When a vehicle is illegally parked or left standing on a highway in violation of a local ordinance forbidding standing or parking and the use of a highway, or a portion thereof, is necessary for the cleaning, repair, or construction of the highway, or for the installation of underground utilities, and signs giving notice that the vehicle may be removed are erected or placed at least 24 hours prior to the removal by local authorities pursuant to the ordinance. (3) Wherever the use of the highway, or a portion thereof, is authorized by local authorities for a purpose other than the normal flow of traffic or for the movement of equipment, articles, or structures of unusual size, and the parking of a vehicle would prohibit or interfere with that use or movement, and signs giving notice that the vehicle may be removed are erected or placed at least 24 hours prior to the removal by local authorities pursuant to the ordinance. (4) Whenever a vehicle is parked or left standing where local authorities, by resolution or ordinance, have prohibited parking and have authorized the removal of vehicles. A vehicle may not be removed unless signs are posted giving notice of the removal. (5) Whenever a vehicle is parked for more than 24 hours on a portion of highway that is located within the boundaries of a common interest development, as defined in Section 4100 or 6534 of the Civil Code, and signs, as required by Section 22658.2, have been posted on that portion of highway providing notice to drivers that vehicles parked thereon for more than 24 hours will be removed at the owner’s expense, pursuant to a resolution or ordinance adopted by the local authority. (b) The provisions of this chapter that apply to a vehicle removed pursuant to Section 22651 apply to a vehicle removed pursuant to subdivision (a). (c) For purposes of subdivision (a), a “trained volunteer” is a person who, of his or her own free will, provides services, without any financial gain, to a local or state law enforcement agency, and who is duly trained and certified to remove a vehicle by a local or state law enforcement agency. (Amended (as amended by Stats. 2012, Ch. 181, Sec. 82) by Stats. 2013, Ch. 605, Sec. 51. (SB 752) Effective January 1, 2014.)
  196. 22651.07.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Tow/storage operators must post and provide a fees-and-access notice, give an itemized invoice before payment, and allow certain vehicle-owner access and payment rights before fees are paid.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22651.07. (a) A person, including a law enforcement agency, city, county, city and county, the state, a tow yard, storage facility, or an impounding yard, that charges for towing or storage, or both, shall do all of the following: (1) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), post in the office area of the storage facility, in plain view of the public, the Towing and Storage Fees and Access Notice and have copies readily available to the public. (B) An automotive repair dealer, registered pursuant to Article 3 (commencing with Section 9884) of Chapter 20.3 of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code, that does not provide towing services is exempt from the requirements to post the Towing and Storage Fees and Access Notice in the office area. (2) Provide, upon request, a copy of the Towing and Storage Fees and Access Notice to any owner or operator of a towed or stored vehicle. (3) Provide a distinct notice on an itemized invoice for any towing or storage, or both, charges stating: “Upon request, you are entitled to receive a copy of the Towing and Storage Fees and Access Notice.” This notice shall be contained within a bordered text box, printed in no less than 10-point type. (b) Prior to receiving payment for any towing, recovery, or storage-related fees, a facility that charges for towing or storage, or both, shall provide an itemized invoice of actual charges to the vehicle owner or his or her agent. If an automotive repair dealer, registered pursuant to Article 3 (commencing with Section 9884) of Chapter 20.3 of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code, did not provide the tow, and passes along, from the tower to the consumer, any of the information required on the itemized invoice, pursuant to subdivision (g) the automotive repair dealer shall not be responsible for the accuracy of those items of information that remain unaltered. (c) Prior to paying any towing, recovery, or storage-related fees, a vehicle owner or his or her agent or a licensed repossessor shall, at any facility where the vehicle is being stored, have the right to all of the following: (1) Receive his or her personal property, at no charge, during normal business hours. Normal business hours for releasing collateral and personal property are Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., inclusive, except state holidays. (2) Retrieve his or her vehicle during the first 72 hours of storage and not pay a lien fee. (3) (A) Inspect the vehicle without paying a fee. (B) Have his or her insurer inspect the vehicle at the storage facility, at no charge, during normal business hours. However, the storage facility may limit the inspection to increments of 45 consecutive minutes in order to provide service to any other waiting customer, after which the insurer may resume the inspection for additional increments of 45 consecutive minutes, as necessary. (4) Request a copy of the Towing and Storage Fees and Access Notice. (5) Be permitted to pay by cash, insurer’s check, or a valid bank credit card. Credit charges for towing and storage services shall comply with Section 1748.1 of the Civil Code. Law enforcement agencies may include the costs of providing for payment by credit when agreeing with a towing or storage provider on rates. (d) A storage facility shall be open and accessible during normal business hours, as defined in subdivision (c). Outside of normal business hours, the facility shall provide a telephone number that permits the caller to leave a message. Calls to this number shall be returned no later than six business hours after a message has been left. (e) The Towing and Storage Fees and Access Notice shall be a standardized document plainly printed in no less that 10-point type. A person may distribute the form using its own letterhead, but the language of the Towing and Storage Fees and Access Notice shall read as follows: Towing and Storage Fees and Access Notice Note: The following information is intended to serve as a general summary of some of the laws that provide vehicle owners certain rights when their vehicle is towed. It is not intended to summarize all of the laws that may be applicable nor is it intended to fully and completely state the entire law in any area listed. Please review the applicable California code for a definitive statement of the law in your particular situation. How much can a towing company charge? Rates for public tows and storage are generally established by an agreement between the law enforcement agency requesting the tow and the towing company (to confirm the approved rates, you may contact the law enforcement agency that initiated the tow; additionally, these rates are required to be posted at the storage facility). Rates for private property tows and storage cannot exceed the approved rates for the law enforcement agency that has primary jurisdiction for the property from which the vehicle was removed or the towing company’s approved CHP rate. Rates for owner’s request tows and storage are generally established by mutual agreement between the requestor and the towing company, but may be dictated by agreements established between the requestor’s motor club and motor club service provider. Where can you complain about a towing company? For public tows: Contact the law enforcement agency initiating the tow. Your rights if your vehicle is towed: Generally, prior to paying any towing and storage-related fees you have the right to: ● Receive an itemized invoice of actual charges. ● Receive your personal property, at no charge, during normal business hours. ● Retrieve your vehicle during the first 72 hours of storage and not pay a lien fee. ● Request a copy of the Towing and Storage Fees and Access Notice. ● Pay by cash, valid bank credit card, or a check issued by your insurer. ● Inspect your vehicle. ● Have your insurer inspect your vehicle at the storage facility, at no charge, during normal business hours. However, the storage facility may limit the inspection to increments of 45 consecutive minutes in order to provide service to any other waiting customer, after which the insurer may resume the inspection for additional increments of 45 consecutive minutes, as necessary. You and your insurance company or the insurance company representative have the right to have the vehicle released immediately upon (1) payment of all towing and storage-related fees, (2) presentation of a valid photo identification, (3) presentation of reliable documentation showing that you are the owner, insured, or insurer of the vehicle or that the owner has authorized you to take possession of the vehicle, and (4), if applicable, in the case of a fatality or crime, presentation of any required police or law enforcement release documents. Prior to your vehicle being repaired: ● You have the right to choose the repair facility and to have no repairs made to your vehicle unless you authorize them in writing. ● Any authorization you sign for towing and any authorization you sign for repair must be on separate forms. What if I do not pay the towing and storage-related fees or abandon my vehicle at the towing company? Pursuant to Sections 3068.1 to 3074, inclusive, of the Civil Code, a towing company may sell your vehicle and any moneys received will be applied to towing and storage-related fees that have accumulated against your vehicle. You are responsible for paying the towing company any outstanding balance due on any of these fees once the sale is complete. Who is liable if my vehicle was damaged during towing or storage? Generally the owner of a vehicle may recover for any damage to the vehicle resulting from any intentional or negligent act of a person causing the removal of, or removing, the vehicle. What happens if a towing company violates the law? If a tow company does not satisfactorily meet certain requirements detailed in this notice, you may bring a lawsuit in court, generally in small claims court. The tower may be civilly liable for damages up to two times the amount charged, not to exceed $500, and possibly more for certain violations. (f) “Insurer,” as used in this section, means either a first-party insurer or third-party insurer. (g) “Itemized invoice,” as used in this section, means a written document that contains the following information. Any document that substantially complies with this subdivision shall be deemed an “itemized invoice” for purposes of this section: (1) The name, address, telephone number, and carrier identification number as required by subdivision (a) of Section 34507.5 of the person that is charging for towing and storage. (2) If ascertainable, the registered owner or operator’s name, address, and telephone number. (3) The date service was initiated. (4) The location of the vehicle at the time service was initiated, including either the address or nearest intersecting roadways. (5) A vehicle description that includes, if ascertainable, the vehicle year, make, model, odometer reading, license plate number, or if a license plate number is unavailable, the vehicle identification number (VIN). (6) The service dispatch time, the service arrival time of the tow truck, and the service completion time. (7) A clear, itemized, and detailed explanation of any additional services that caused the total towing-related service time to exceed one hour between service dispatch time and service completion time. (8) The hourly rate or per item rate used to calculate the total towing and recovery-related fees. These fees shall be listed as separate line items. (9) If subject to storage fees, the daily storage rate and the total number of days stored. The storage fees shall be listed as a separate line item. Storage rates shall comply with the requirements of subdivision (c) of Section 22524.5. (10) If subject to a gate fee, the date and time the vehicle was released after normal business hours. Normal business hours are Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., inclusive, except state holidays. A gate fee shall be listed as a separate line item. A gate fee shall comply with the requirements in subdivision (c) of Section 22524.5. (11) A description of the method of towing. (12) If the tow was not requested by the vehicle’s owner or driver, the identity of the person or governmental agency that directed the tow. This paragraph shall not apply to information otherwise required to be redacted under Section 22658. (13) A clear, itemized, and detailed explanation of any additional services or fees. (h) “Person,” as used in this section, includes those entities described in subdivision (a) and has the same meaning as described in Section 470. (i) An insurer, insurer’s agent, or tow hauler, shall be permitted to pay for towing and storage charges by a valid bank credit card, insurer’s check, or bank draft. (j) Except as otherwise exempted in this section, the requirements of this section apply to any facility that charges for the storage of a vehicle, including, but not limited to, a vehicle repair garage or service station, but not including a new motor vehicle dealer. (k) A person who violates this section is civilly liable to a registered or legal owner of the vehicle, or a registered owner’s insurer, for up to two times the amount charged. Liability in any action brought under this section shall not exceed five hundred dollars ($500) per vehicle. (l) A suspected violation of this section may be reported by any person, including, without limitation, the legal or registered owner of a vehicle or his or her insurer. (m) This section shall not apply to the towing or storage of a repossessed vehicle by any person subject to, or exempt from, the Collateral Recovery Act (Chapter 11 (commencing with Section 7500) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code). (n) This section does not relieve a person from the obligation to comply with any other law. (o) Notwithstanding this section, an insurer shall comply with all of its obligations under Section 2695.8 of Chapter 5 of Title 10 of the California Code of Regulations. (Amended by Stats. 2018, Ch. 434, Sec. 3. (AB 2392) Effective January 1, 2019.)
  197. 22651.08.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Peace officers may remove certain vehicles, and agencies must release seized vehicles after at least 48 hours if the listed conditions are met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22651.08. (a) A peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, may remove a vehicle located within the territorial limits in which the officer may act, under either of the following circumstances: (1) A person is operating a vehicle with fewer than four wheels that does not meet the definition of an electric bicycle set forth in Section 312.5 and is both of the following: (A) Powered by an electric motor capable of exclusively propelling the vehicle in excess of 20 miles per hour on a highway. (B) Being operated by an operator who is not licensed to operate the vehicle. (2) A person is operating a vehicle that is a class 3 electric bicycle in violation of subdivision (a) of Section 21213. (b) (1) A city, county, or city and county may adopt at a public meeting a regulation, ordinance, or resolution imposing charges equal to its administrative costs relating to the removal, seizure, and storage costs. The charges shall not exceed the actual costs incurred for the expenses directly related to removing, seizing, and storing the vehicle. (2) A local jurisdiction that has adopted a regulation, ordinance, or resolution pursuant to paragraph (1) shall publicly and conspicuously post the schedule of charges on their internet website. (c) An agency shall release a seized vehicle to the owner, violator, or their agent after a minimum of 48 hours, if both of the following conditions are met: (1) The owner, violator, or authorized agent’s request is made during normal business hours. (2) The applicable removal, seizure, and storage costs have been paid. (d) If a peace officer removes a vehicle pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (a), an agency may, as a condition of release, require the owner, violator, or the parent or legal guardian of the owner or violator to deliver proof that the violator has completed an electric bicycle safety and training program, as described in Section 894 of the Streets and Highways Code, or a related local bicycle safety course, if one is available, as prescribed by authorities in the local jurisdiction. (Added by Stats. 2025, Ch. 168, Sec. 1. (AB 875) Effective January 1, 2026.)
  198. 22651.1.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Storage facilities covered by this section must accept valid bank credit cards or cash for towing and storage payments, and keep enough cash on hand to make change.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22651.1. Persons operating or in charge of any storage facility where vehicles are stored pursuant to Section 22651 shall accept a valid bank credit card or cash for payment of towing and storage by the registered owner, legal owner, or the owner’s agent claiming the vehicle. A credit card shall be in the name of the person presenting the card. “Credit card” means “credit card” as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 1747.02 of the Civil Code, except, for the purposes of this section, credit card does not include a credit card issued by a retail seller. A person operating or in charge of any storage facility who refuses to accept a valid bank credit card shall be liable to the owner of the vehicle or to the person who tendered the fees for four times the amount of the towing and storage charges, but not to exceed five hundred dollars ($500). In addition, persons operating or in charge of the storage facility shall have sufficient funds on the premises to accommodate and make change in a reasonable monetary transaction. Credit charges for towing and storage services shall comply with Section 1748.1 of the Civil Code. Law enforcement agencies may include the costs of providing for payment by credit when agreeing with a towing or storage provider on rates. (Amended by Stats. 2009, Ch. 322, Sec. 9. (AB 515) Effective January 1, 2010.)
  199. 22651.2.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain officers or traffic/parking enforcement employees may remove a vehicle in limited circumstances tied to advertising events or functions, if notice requirements are met.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22651.2. (a) Any peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, or any regularly employed and salaried employee, who is engaged in directing traffic or enforcing parking laws and regulations of a city, county, or jurisdiction of a state agency in which a vehicle is located, may remove a vehicle located within the territorial limits in which the officer or employee may act when the vehicle is found upon a highway or any public lands, and if all of the following requirements are satisfied: (1) Because of the size and placement of signs or placards on the vehicle, it appears that the primary purpose of parking the vehicle at that location is to advertise to the public an event or function on private property or on public property hired for a private event or function to which the public is invited. (2) The vehicle is known to have been previously issued a notice of parking violation that was accompanied by a notice warning that an additional parking violation may result in the impoundment of the vehicle. (3) The registered owner of the vehicle has been mailed a notice advising of the existence of the parking violation and that an additional violation may result in the impoundment of the vehicle. (b) Subdivision (a) does not apply to a vehicle bearing any sign or placard advertising any business or enterprise carried on by or through the use of that vehicle. (c) Section 22852 applies to the removal of any vehicle pursuant to this section. (Amended by Stats. 1997, Ch. 17, Sec. 144. Effective January 1, 1998.)
  200. 22651.3.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. )

    Verify source ↗

    Certain officers and parking-enforcement employees may remove eligible vehicles from an offstreet public parking facility when repeated parking violations or blocking conditions are present.

    ## Vehicle Code - VEH ## DIVISION 11. RULES OF THE ROAD [21000 - 23336] ( Division 11 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## CHAPTER 10. Removal of Parked and Abandoned Vehicles [22650 - 22856] ( Chapter 10 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## ARTICLE 1. Authority to Remove Vehicles [22650 - 22711] ( Article 1 enacted by Stats. 1959, Ch. 3. ) ## 22651.3. (a) Any peace officer, as that term is defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title 3 of Part 2 of the Penal Code, or any regularly employed and salaried employee, who is engaged in directing traffic or enforcing parking laws and regulations, of a city, county, or jurisdiction of a state agency in which any vehicle, other than a rented vehicle, is located may remove the vehicle from an offstreet public parking facility located within the territorial limits in which the officer or employee may act when the vehicle is known to have been issued five or more notices of parking violation over a period of five or more days, to which the owner or person in control of the vehicle has not responded or when any vehicle is illegally parked so as to prevent the movement of a legally parked vehicle. A notice of parking violation issued to a vehicle which is registered in a foreign jurisdiction or is without current California registration and is known to have been issued five or more notices of parking violation over a period of five or more days shall be accompanied by a warning that repeated violations may result in the impounding of the vehicle. (b) The vehicle may be impounded until the owner or person in control of the vehicle furnishes to the impounding law enforcement agency evidence of his or her identity and an address within this state at which he or she can be located and furnishes satisfactory evidence that bail has been deposited for all notices of parking violation issued for the vehicle. In lieu of requiring satisfactory evidence that the bail has been deposited, the impounding law enforcement agency may, in its discretion, issue a notice to appear for the offenses charged, as provided in Article 2 (commencing with Section 40500) of Chapter 2 of Division 17. In lieu of either furnishing satisfactory evidence that the bail has been deposited or accepting the notice to appear, the owner or person in control of the vehicle may demand to be taken without unnecessary delay before a magistrate within the county in which the offenses charged are alleged to have been committed and who has jurisdiction of the offenses and is nearest or most accessible with reference to the place where the vehicle is impounded. (c) Evidence of current registration shall be produced after a vehicle has been impounded. At the discretion of the impounding law enforcement agency, a notice to appear for violation of subdivision (a) of Section 4000 may be issued to the owner or person in control of the vehicle, if the two days immediately following the day of impoundment are weekend days or holidays. (Amended by Stats. 1996, Ch. 1142, Sec. 10. Effective September 30, 1996.)

Provision text is displayed from LexChat’s stored statute record. Use the official source links to verify amendments, commencement, and current legal force.

LexChat organizes source-backed legal information for research. Verify amendments, commencement, and current legal force with the official publisher before relying on it.