This section limits when a transfer can be avoided and gives good-faith transferees and obligees certain protections and remedies.
Sec. 24.009. DEFENSES, LIABILITY, AND PROTECTION OF TRANSFEREE. (a) A transfer or obligation is not voidable under Section 24.005(a)(1) of this code against a person who took in good faith and for a reasonably equivalent value or against any subsequent transferee or obligee. (b) Except as otherwise provided in this section, to the extent a transfer is voidable in an action by a creditor under Section 24.008(a)(1) of this code, the creditor may recover judgment for the value of the asset transferred, as adjusted under Subsection (c) of this section, or the amount necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim, whichever is less. The judgment may be entered against: (1) the first transferee of the asset or the person for whose benefit the transfer was made; or (2) any subsequent transferee other than a good faith transferee who took for value or from any subsequent transferee. (c)(1) Except as provided by Subdivision (2) of this subsection, if the judgment under Subsection (b) of this section is based upon the value of the asset transferred, the judgment must be for an amount equal to the value of the asset at the time of the transfer, subject to adjustment as the equities may require. (2) The value of the asset transferred is not to be adjusted to include the value of improvements made by a good faith transferee, including: (A) physical additions or changes to the asset transferred; (B) repairs to the asset; (C) payment of any tax on the asset; (D) payment of any debt secured by a lien on the asset that is superior or equal to the rights of a voiding creditor under this chapter; and (E) preservation of the asset. (d)(1) Notwithstanding voidability of a transfer or an obligation under this chapter, a good faith transferee or obligee is entitled, at the transferee's or obligee's election, to the extent of the value given the debtor for the transfer or obligation, to: (A) a lien, prior to the rights of a voiding creditor under this chapter, or a right to retain any interest in the asset transferred; (B) enforcement of any obligation incurred; or (C) a reduction in the amount of the liability on the judgment. (2) Notwithstanding voidability of a transfer under this chapter, to the extent of the value of any improvements made by a good faith transferee, the good faith transferee is entitled to a lien on the asset transferred prior to the rights of a voiding creditor under this chapter (e) A transfer is not voidable under Section 24.005(a)(2) or Section 24.006 of this code if the transfer results from: (1) termination of a lease upon default by the debtor when the termination is pursuant to the lease and applicable law; or (2) enforcement of a security interest in compliance with Chapter 9 of this code. (f) A transfer is not voidable under Section 24.006(b) of this code: (1) to the extent the insider gave new value to or for the benefit of the debtor after the transfer was made unless the new value was secured by a valid lien; (2) if made in the ordinary course of business or financial affairs of the debtor and the insider; or (3) if made pursuant to a good-faith effort to rehabilitate the debtor and the transfer secured present value given for that purpose as well as an antecedent debt of the debtor. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1004, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 570, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.