Canada Judgment

Supreme Court of British Columbia

R. v. Bacon

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Research organized from the available case record

Source document

01

Holding and result

The court accepted the joint recommendation and exercised statutory discretion to fix parole ineligibility at 20 years, imposing the mandatory life sentence for second-degree murder.

Court disposition

Guilty plea to second-degree murder; sentenced to life imprisonment with parole ineligibility fixed at 20 years.

Orders

  • Impose mandatory life sentence for second-degree murder.
  • Parole ineligibility period fixed at 20 years.
  • No further orders stated in the oral reasons.

02

Material facts

Parties

Rex

Crown Counsel: N. Barber

Steven Bacon

Accused Counsel: G. Labine

Amounts and remedies

  • Parole Ineligibility Years: 20
  • Victim Age at Death: 16

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Second Degree Murder / Sentencing (oral Reasons for Sentence)

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Crown jointly recommended that parole ineligibility be fixed at 20 years consistent with the circumstances and the agreed disposition.
Respondent
Defence agreed to the joint recommendation of 20 years, noting the guilty plea and the agreed disposition.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Criminal Code of Canada (statutory provisions governing murder sentencing)

    Second-degree murder carries a mandatory life sentence.

  2. 02

    Criminal Code of Canada (statutory discretion for parole ineligibility)

    Sentencing judge has discretion to fix parole ineligibility between 10 and 25 years for second-degree murder.

  3. 03

    Sentencing principles and case law

    Victim impact and community protection are relevant sentencing considerations.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court accepted the joint recommendation and exercised statutory discretion to fix parole ineligibility at 20 years, imposing the mandatory life sentence for second-degree murder.

Obiter and limits

  • The judge described the offence as appalling, cowardly and vicious and noted enduring harm to the victim's family and community.
  • The judge observed it was possible the offender may die in custody and stated the offender had forfeited his own life by taking the victim's life.

Court disposition

Guilty plea to second-degree murder; sentenced to life imprisonment with parole ineligibility fixed at 20 years.

  • Impose mandatory life sentence for second-degree murder.
  • Parole ineligibility period fixed at 20 years.
  • No further orders stated in the oral reasons.

Source and reliance status

Supreme Court of British Columbia · 14 April 2023

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Supreme Court of British Columbia

Judgment· 14 April 2023

2023 BCSC 655

2023 BCSC 655 R. v. Bacon

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Citation: R. v. Bacon, 2023 BCSC 655 Date: 20230414 Docket: 89524-3 Registry: Nanaimo Rex v. Steven Bacon Before: The Honourable Mr. Justice Baird Oral Reasons for Sentence Counsel for the Crown: N. Barber Counsel for the Offender: G. Labine Place and Date of Hearing: Nanaimo, B.C. April 14, 2023 Place and Date of Judgment: Nanaimo, B.C. April 14, 2023 [1] THE COURT: Mr. Bacon, as you clearly realise, you have committed an appalling crime, a cowardly crime, a vicious crime. You have robbed a 16-year-old child of all the remaining years of her life. You have cast a permanent pall of sorrow and grief over her family and friends. You have caused serious and enduring damage to this community's sense of safety, peace and tranquility. [2] Upon your guilty plea to the charge of second-degree murder of Makayla Anne Chang, who was born on the 1st day of March in 2001, I hereby sentence you to the mandatory term of life imprisonment. As there appears to be some doubt about this from Makayla's father, it is a life sentence just as Mr. Labine has said. [3] KERRY CHANG: Thank you, sir. [4] THE COURT: The only question is one of parole eligibility. All prisoners in Canadian law are eligible for parole. But in a case like this involving a conviction for second-degree murder, I have the discretion to order that a period between 10 and 25 years of the

life sentence must be served before the offender is eligible to apply for parole. [5] KERRY CHANG: Yes, sir. [6] THE COURT: The agreed disposition here is that I should fix Mr. Bacon's parole ineligibility at 20 years. That does not mean he is going to get out in 20 years. It just means that he has the right after 20 years to ask to be let out. [7] KERRY CHANG: Yes, sir. [8] THE COURT: You understand? [9] KERRY CHANG: Yes, sir. [10] THE COURT: I wish that to be clearly understood by everybody here today. At the joint recommendation of counsel, Mr. Bacon, I am going to fix the period of parole ineligibility at 20 years. So, this is a life sentence, and as a matter of law you will not be eligible to apply for parole until the expiry of 20 years of your life sentence. [11] As you yourself have said, it is entirely possible, and I think even likely, that you will die in a federal penitentiary. In the result, you have taken Makayla Anne Chang's life, and you have forfeited your own. "Baird J."

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Criminal Code of Canada

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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