Canada Judgment

British Columbia Court of Appeal

R. v. MacKay

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Professional case brief

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The court dismissed the application for the entire appeal to be heard in camera but granted a partial in camera order: grounds addressing the trial judge's handling of ss.278.93 and 278.3 must be heard in camera because determinations required by those provisions engage statutory privacy protections and require confidential in camera consideration to comply with the Criminal Code scheme.

Court disposition

Application granted in part: application to hear entire appeal in camera dismissed; application to hear grounds addressing ss.278.93 and 278.3 in camera granted

Orders

  • Application to hear the entire appeal in camera dismissed
  • Grounds of appeal addressing the trial judge's application of s.278.93 (prior sexual activity) to be heard in camera
  • Grounds of appeal addressing the trial judge's handling of an application for production of third party records in possession of the intervenor under s.278.3 to be heard in camera

02

Material facts

Parties

Regina

Respondent Counsel: M.G. Scott

Kurk Joshua MacKay

Appellant Counsel: T.J. Russell

Ministry of Children and Family Development

Intervenor Counsel: L. Hawes

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal Appeal / Application for in Camera Hearing (oral Ruling)

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Appellant sought an order that the entire appeal be heard in camera or, alternatively, that the grounds addressing the trial judge's handling of s.278.93 and the production application under s.278.3 be heard in camera, relying on statutory privacy protections and the need to protect the complainant and witnesses under 18 and to comply with statutory procedures for sensitive evidence.
Respondent
Respondent opposed a full in camera hearing, relying on the presumption of open court, but acknowledged that determinations required by ss.278.93 and 278.3 may necessitate in camera consideration under the Criminal Code; therefore opposed blanket closure but accepted limited in camera proceedings as required

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    Common law / Court of Appeal Act s.9

    Open court principle subject to statutory exceptions and court's supervisory jurisdiction

  2. 02

    Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s.278.93

    Determinations under s.278.93 regarding admission of evidence of complainant's sexual activity may require in camera proceedings to protect privacy and comply with statutory scheme

  3. 03

    Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s.278.3

    Applications for production of third party records under s.278.3 may require in camera consideration where statutory protections and privacy interests are engaged

  4. 04

    Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s.486.4(2)

    Mandatory publication ban where complainant or witness is under 18 to prevent identification

  5. 05

    Sex Offender Information Registration Act, s.16(4)

    Prohibition on disclosure of information collected under SOIRA and its existence

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court dismissed the application for the entire appeal to be heard in camera but granted a partial in camera order: grounds addressing the trial judge's handling of ss.278.93 and 278.3 must be heard in camera because determinations required by those provisions engage statutory privacy protections and require confidential in camera consideration to comply with the Criminal Code scheme.

Obiter and limits

  • A publication ban under s.486.4(2) Criminal Code applies indefinitely in sexual offence cases to protect identification of complainants or witnesses under 18 and the file is sealed in part
  • The court exercised restraint in closing proceedings and limited closure to the specific issues that statute and privacy interests necessitated, preserving the open court principle for the remainder of the appeal

Court disposition

Application granted in part: application to hear entire appeal in camera dismissed; application to hear grounds addressing ss.278.93 and 278.3 in camera granted

  • Application to hear the entire appeal in camera dismissed
  • Grounds of appeal addressing the trial judge's application of s.278.93 (prior sexual activity) to be heard in camera
  • Grounds of appeal addressing the trial judge's handling of an application for production of third party records in possession of the intervenor under s.278.3 to be heard in camera

Source and reliance status

British Columbia Court of Appeal · 4 January 2021

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

British Columbia Court of Appeal

Judgment· 4 January 2021

2021 BCCA 87

2021 BCCA 87 R. v. MacKay

COURT OF APPEAL FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA Citation: R. v. MacKay, 2021 BCCA 87 Date: 20210104 Docket: CA44514 Between: Regina Respondent And Kurk Joshua MacKay Appellant And Ministry of Children and Family Development Intervenor Restriction on publication: A publication ban has been mandatorily imposed under s. 486.4(2) of the Criminal Code in cases involving sexual offences to ban the publication, broadcasting or transmission in any way of evidence that could identify a complainant or any witness under the age of 18. This publication ban applies indefinitely unless otherwise ordered. Pursuant to s. 16(4) of the Sex Offender Information Registration Act [SOIRA], no person shall disclose any information that is collected pursuant to an order under SOIRA or the fact that information relating to a person is collected under SOIRA.

FILE SEALED IN PART Before: The Honourable Mr. Justice Willcock The Honourable Madam Justice Dickson The Honourable Mr. Justice Butler On appeal from: An order of the Supreme Court of British Columbia, dated March 9, 2017 (R. v. MacKay, Victoria Docket 165264). Oral Ruling re In Camera Proceedings Counsel for the Appellant (via videoconference): T.J. Russell Counsel for the Respondent (via videoconference): M.G. Scott Counsel for the Intervenor (via videoconference): L. Hawes Place and Date of Hearing: Vancouver, British Columbia January 4-5, 2021 Place and Date of Judgment: Vancouver, British Columbia January 4, 2021 Summary: The appellant applies for an order that the entire appeal be held in camera, or, in the alternative, an order that the grounds of appeal addressing errors relating to the trial judge's application of ss. 278.93 and 278.3 of the Criminal Code be held in camera. Held: Application granted in part. The application to hear the entire appeal in camera is dismissed, but the application to hear the grounds of appeal addressing ss. 278.93 and 278.3 in camera is granted. [1] WILLCOCK J.A.: The appellant applies for an order that this appeal be heard in camera pursuant to s. 9 of the Court of Appeal Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 77, and our general jurisdiction. [2] In the alternative, he seeks an order that those aspects of the appeal founded upon the grounds the trial

judge erred in addressing the application pursuant to s. 278.93 of the Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C‑46 for the determination that evidence of a complainant's sexual activity might be admitted into evidence be heard in camera, and an order that that aspect of the appeal founded on the grounds of the trial judge erred in addressing an application for production of third party records in possession of the intervenor, Ministry of Children and Family Development, be heard in camera. [3] We are of the view the application to hear the entire appeal in camera ought to be dismissed. [4] We will hear those grounds of appeal founded upon the alleged error in addressing s. 278.93 in relation to a complainant's prior sexual activity, and the appeal founded upon an alleged error in relation to s. 278.3 for production of third party records in camera. These appeals may require us to make determinations that are required to be made following an in‑camera hearing pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Criminal Code. "The Honourable Mr. Justice Willcock" "The Honourable Madam Justice Dickson" "The Honourable Mr. Justice Butler"

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Court of Appeal Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 77, s.9

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s.278.93

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s.278.3

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s.486.4(2)

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

Sex Offender Information Registration Act, s.16(4)

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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