Canada Judgment

Supreme Court of British Columbia

R. v. Nuttall

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Professional case brief

Research organized from the available case record

Source document

01

Holding and result

The court held that at this stage the proposed expert evidence regarding the accuracy and nature of spiritual/religious guidance is relevant to the defendants' entrapment and abuse of process application, but deferred a determination on the witness's qualifications until the court has reviewed the CV and heard the witness's evidence on qualifications and experience.

Court disposition

Court ruled the proffered expert opinion is relevant to entrapment/abuse of process but reserved judgment on admissibility pending review of the expert's CV and viva voce evidence of qualifications.

Orders

  • Publication ban pursuant to ss. 486.5(1) and 486.5(9) of the Criminal Code prohibiting identification of undercover officers until further order of the Court.
  • Court to review Dr. Safi's CV and hear his evidence on qualifications and experience prior to deciding admissibility of his opinion evidence.

02

Material facts

Parties

Regina

Crown/prosecution Counsel: Peter A. Eccles, Sharon K. Steele

John Stuart Nuttall

Accused Counsel: Marilyn E. Sandford, Alison M. Latimer

Amanda Marie Korody

Accused Counsel: Mark R. Jetté, Scott Wright

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)

Interested Party Counsel: Courtenay N. Landsiedel

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Criminal / Preliminary Ruling on Admissibility of Expert Evidence During Trial (oral Ruling)

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
The defence submitted that expert opinion on the accuracy and nature of the spiritual and religious guidance given by undercover operators is relevant to its entrapment and abuse of process applications and that the court should hear the witness's CV and viva voce evidence to determine qualifications.
Respondent
The Crown objected to tendering the expert and challenged the admissibility/qualifications of the witness; the court declined to decide qualifications at this preliminary stage but considered relevance satisfied.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    R. v. Mohan, [1994] 2 S.C.R. 9 (principle governing admissibility of expert evidence)

    Expert evidence must be based on demonstrated expertise and assist the trier of fact to be admissible

  2. 02

    Canadian common law on entrapment and abuse of process

    Entrapment/abuse of process may be established where state agents induce criminality or engage in misleading or egregious conduct in the course of investigation

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The court held that at this stage the proposed expert evidence regarding the accuracy and nature of spiritual/religious guidance is relevant to the defendants' entrapment and abuse of process application, but deferred a determination on the witness's qualifications until the court has reviewed the CV and heard the witness's evidence on qualifications and experience.

Obiter and limits

  • If the RCMP misled the defendants with respect to religious advice that increases the egregiousness of state conduct.
  • If the undercover officers provided extremist jihadist views (e.g., Al-Qaeda, Bin Laden) as religious guidance, that would render the conduct more egregious.

Court disposition

Court ruled the proffered expert opinion is relevant to entrapment/abuse of process but reserved judgment on admissibility pending review of the expert's CV and viva voce evidence of qualifications.

  • Publication ban pursuant to ss. 486.5(1) and 486.5(9) of the Criminal Code prohibiting identification of undercover officers until further order of the Court.
  • Court to review Dr. Safi's CV and hear his evidence on qualifications and experience prior to deciding admissibility of his opinion evidence.

Source and reliance status

Supreme Court of British Columbia · 1 February 2016

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Supreme Court of British Columbia

Judgment· 1 February 2016

2016 BCSC 466

2016 BCSC 466 R. v. Nuttall

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Citation: R. v. Nuttall, 2016 BCSC 466 Date: 20160201 Docket: 26392 Registry: Vancouver Regina v. John Stuart Nuttall and Amanda Marie Korody Restriction on Publication: Pursuant to ss. 486.5(1) and 486.5(9) of the Criminal Code there shall be no publication, broadcast or transmission in any way of any information that could identify any undercover police officers including any pseudonyms used by the undercover police officers involved in the investigation of the Accused. This publication ban applies until further order of the Court. These reasons for judgment comply with this publication ban. Before: The Honourable Madam Justice Bruce Oral Ruling re Objection to Tendering of Dr. Omid Safi as Witness Counsel for the Crown: Peter A. Eccles Sharon K. Steele Counsel for the Accused, John Stuart Nuttall: Marilyn E. Sandford Alison M. Latimer Counsel for the Accused, Amanda Marie Korody: Mark R. Jetté Scott Wright Counsel for CSIS: Courtenay N. Landsiedel Place and Date of Trial/Hearing: Vancouver, B.C. February 1, 2016 Place and Date of Judgment: Vancouver, B.C. February 1, 2016 [1] THE COURT: At this stage, in terms of the preliminary objection, I am not going to address whether the expert has the qualifications and/or experience to give the opinions that he is going to present to the court. I would prefer to have an opportunity to review

the C.V., as well as hear the evidence of Dr. Safi on his qualifications, his experience to determine whether he has the required expertise to give the opinions sought. [2] In addition, on the issue of relevance, I am satisfied at this point in time that the opinion evidence with respect to the accuracy and the nature of the spiritual guidance and religious advice given to the defendants by the undercover operators is clearly relevant to the entrapment and the abuse of process application by the defence. [3] If the RCMP misled the defendants with respect to the religious advice, it certainly makes their conduct far more egregious than if they chose to provide religious advice that was accurate. Moreover, it would make the undercover officers' conduct more egregious if the advice they gave in the context of religious and spiritual guidance were the extremist religious views of the jihadists, such as Al-Qaeda and Bin Laden. That would make the conduct far more egregious. [4] So I am prepared to hear the qualifications of this witness to determine whether or not he is indeed qualified to give the opinion evidence that the defence seeks to lead. "Bruce J."

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Criminal Code ss. 486.5(1) and 486.5(9)

Legislation

Legislation referenced in the available case record.

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