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England and Wales Case Law

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Constitutional law [2026] EWCA Civ 170

BYL & Anor, R (On the Application Of) v Chancellor of the Exchequer

BYL & Anor, R (On the Application Of) v Chancellor of the Exchequer [2026] EWCA Civ 170 (27 February 2026)

The Court of Appeal dismissed challenges to VAT on private school fees, holding the measure proportionate and objectively justified despite impacts on low-cost faith schools.

  • Article 14 echr (prohibition of discrimination)
  • Article 2 protocol 1 echr (right to education)
  • Article 1 protocol 1 echr (right to property)
  • Value added tax (vat)
  • Finance act 2025
  • Religious freedom
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Constitutional law [2025] EWHC 1467 (Admin)

ALR & Ors, R (On the Application Of) v Chancellor of the Exchequer

ALR & Ors, R (On the Application Of) v Chancellor of the Exchequer [2025] EWHC 1467 (Admin) (13 June 2025)

The High Court dismissed a challenge to VAT on private school fees, holding the measure did not breach A2P1, Article 14, or A1P1, and that parliamentary materials were protected by privilege.

  • Vat on private school fees
  • Margin of appreciation
  • Article 2 protocol 1 echr
  • Article 14 echr
  • Discrimination
  • Special educational needs
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Public law

Mathew Richards, R (on the application of) v Environment Agency

Permission for judicial review was granted in part over alleged Environment Agency failures concerning Walleys Quarry H2S emissions, but refused on public-information grounds.

  • Judicial review
  • Regulatory obligations
  • Pollution control
  • Echr articles 2 and 8
  • Environmental permitting regulations
  • Procedural duties
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Constitutional law

AB, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department

The Court held that the difference in treatment between Afghan and Ukrainian nationals regarding biometric deferral was justified by weighty reasons, including national security, operational pressures, and foreign policy considerations. The SSHD's policy was rationally connected to legitimate aims, and the margin of appreciation was wide. The judge was entitled to conclude that the policy struck a fair balance and no less intrusive measure was plausibly identified. The appeal was dismissed.

Source excerpt

  • Article 14 echr
  • Article 8 echr
  • Discrimination on grounds of nationality
  • Biometric data requirements
  • Margin of appreciation
  • Justification in discrimination claims
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Public law [2024] EWCA Civ 369

AB, R (On the Application Of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department

AB, R (On the Application Of) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2024] EWCA Civ 369 (18 April 2024)

The Court of Appeal dismissed AB’s challenge to the refusal of biometric deferral for Afghan applicants, holding the different treatment from Ukrainians was justified under Articles 8 and 14 ECHR.

  • Article 14 echr
  • Article 8 echr
  • Discrimination on grounds of nationality
  • Biometric data requirements
  • Judicial review
  • Margin of appreciation
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Human rights law

BK, R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions & Anor

Judicial review over exclusion of DDVC claimants from the NINo Alignment Scheme failed. The court held the claim was outside Article 14’s ambit and was justified.

  • Article 14 echr (prohibition of discrimination)
  • Article 1 protocol 1 echr (peaceful enjoyment of possessions)
  • Article 8 echr (right to private and family life)
  • Judicial review of administrative action
  • Welfare benefits
  • Destitute domestic violence concession (ddvc)
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Constitutional law

R v Secretary of State for the Home Department

The Supreme Court held that Article 8 and Article 14 ECHR do not require the Home Secretary to issue non-gendered “X” passports, and dismissed the appeal.

  • European convention on human rights
  • Gender identity
  • Passport policy
  • Margin of appreciation
  • Human rights act 1998
  • Human-rights
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About this LexChat collection

England and Wales decisions are organised by court, judge, legal area and indexed issue so a practitioner can move from a proposition to a citable authority with the surrounding context intact.

Source links and collection timestamps are retained alongside the indexed records.