Pharol v Comm[2024] EUECJ C-621/22 (Consumer information on foodstuffs - Fair practices concerning the naming of foodstuffs - Legal names, common names and descriptive names - Judgment) FR [2024] EUECJ T-181/22 (02 October 2024)

Pharol v Comm[2024] EUECJ C-621/22 (Consumer information on foodstuffs - Fair practices concerning the naming of foodstuffs - Legal names, common names and descriptive names - Judgment) FR [2024] EUECJ T-181/22 (02 October 2024)

The Court held that Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 expressly harmonises the protection of consumers from being misled by the use of animal-based foodstuff names for products containing plant proteins, including in cases of total substitution. Therefore, Member States may not adopt national measures that generally and...

Source-derived case information.

Parties
Applicant: Protéines France; Applicant: Union végétarienne européenne (EVU); Applicant: Association végétarienne de France (AVF); Applicant: Beyond Meat Inc.; Respondent: Ministre de l’Économie, des Finances et de la Souveraineté industrielle et numérique (France); Intervener: 77 Foods SAS; Intervener: Les Nouveaux Fermiers SAS; Intervener: Umiami SAS; Intervener: NxtFood SAS; Intervener: Nutrition et santé SAS; Intervener: Olga SAS
Jurisdiction
European Union
Procedural Posture
Preliminary Reference (renvoi Préjudiciel) / Final Judgment
Outcome
Reference answered; national measures prohibiting or regulating use of animal-based foodstuff names for plant-based products are precluded by EU law.
Legal Topics
Consumer Information, Food Labelling, Harmonisation of National Measures, Naming of Foodstuffs, Free Movement of Goods
EU Law Food Law Consumer Protection Consumer Information Food Labelling Harmonisation of National Measures Naming of Foodstuffs Free Movement of Goods

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Parties

Protéines France

Applicant

Union végétarienne européenne (EVU)

Applicant

Association végétarienne de France (AVF)

Applicant

Beyond Meat Inc.

Applicant

Ministre de l’Économie, des Finances et de la Souveraineté industrielle et numérique (France)

Respondent

77 Foods SAS

Intervener

Les Nouveaux Fermiers SAS

Intervener

Umiami SAS

Intervener

NxtFood SAS

Intervener

Nutrition et santé SAS

Intervener

Olga SAS

Intervener

Procedural Posture

Preliminary Reference (renvoi Préjudiciel) / Final Judgment

  1. 1 Whether EU Regulation No 1169/2011 expressly harmonises the use of animal-based foodstuff names for products containing plant proteins, precluding national restrictions.
  2. 2 Whether Member States may regulate or prohibit the use of such names for plant-based products in the absence of a legal denomination.
  3. 3 Whether Member States may impose sanctions or set thresholds for plant protein content in relation to the use of such names.

Ratio Decidendi

The Court held that Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 expressly harmonises the protection of consumers from being misled by the use of animal-based foodstuff names for products containing plant proteins, including in cases of total substitution. Therefore, Member States may not adopt national measures that generally and abstractly prohibit or regulate the use of such names (other than legal denominations) for plant-based products. However, Member States may impose sanctions for breaches of the Regulation or of national measures that are consistent with it.

Court Disposition

Reference answered; national measures prohibiting or regulating use of animal-based foodstuff names for plant-based products are precluded by EU law.

Orders

  • Articles 7 and 17 and Annex VI, Part A, point 4 of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011, read with Article 2(2)(o) and (p) and Article 9(1)(a), must be interpreted as expressly harmonising the protection of consumers from being misled by the use of animal-based foodstuff names for plant-based products, precluding Member...
  • Member States may provide for sanctions for breaches of the Regulation or of national measures consistent with it, but may not set thresholds for plant protein content in relation to the use of such names.