GOAL SETTING CONSULTING CO LTD v. UNIGRAPHICS SOLUTIONS ASIA/PACIFIC INCORPORATED
- Citation
- GOAL SETTING CONSULTING CO LTD v. UNIGRAPHICS SOLUTIONS ASIA/PACIFIC INCORPORATED
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- Hong Kong
- Court
- Court of First Instance
- Decision
- 31 January 2007
- Posture
- Civil High Court, Court of First Instance / Interlocutory Application for Leave to Amend Defence (pre Trial)
- Case number
- HCA994/2003
- Language
- English
More details
- Court
- Court of First Instance
- Decision
- 31 January 2007
- Posture
- Civil High Court, Court of First Instance / Interlocutory Application for Leave to Amend Defence (pre Trial)
- Case number
- HCA994/2003
- Language
- English
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
Grant leave to amend because Delaware law must be pleaded, the asserted prejudice was overstated (plaintiff had anticipated calling one expert on Delaware law), and any prejudice can be compensated by costs; therefore leave is given subject to a hearing on costs and directions for expert evidence.
Court disposition
Leave granted to the defendant to amend the Amended Defence to plead Delaware law, subject to costs to be determined and directions for expert evidence
Orders
- Defendant granted leave to amend the Amended Defence to plead Delaware law
- Hearing on costs to be convened to determine compensation for any prejudice
- Parties to seek and obtain appropriate directions for expert evidence
02
Material facts
Parties
Goal Setting Consulting Company Limited
Plaintiff Counsel: Mr Jose-Antonio Maurellet (instructed by Messrs Kok & Ha)Unigraphics Solutions Asia/Pacific Incorporated
Defendant Counsel: Mr Lawrence Ng (instructed by Messrs Wilkinson & Grist)03
Procedural history
Posture
Civil High Court, Court of First Instance / Interlocutory Application for Leave to Amend Defence (pre Trial)
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether defendant should be granted leave to amend the defence to plead Delaware (foreign) law
- 02
Whether the plaintiff would suffer prejudice justifying refusal or adjournment
- 03
Whether prejudice can be compensated by an order for costs
- 04
Whether directions for expert evidence are required and their timing
Party arguments
- Applicant
- Defendant applied for leave to amend the amended defence to plead Delaware law, explaining the omission was an oversight by its solicitors; foreign law must be pleaded as a fact; amendment would not take the plaintiff by surprise and would not necessarily require adjournment of the September trial dates.
- Respondent
- Plaintiff argued the late re-amendment highly prejudices its case, requiring engagement of a Delaware law expert, amendment of its Reply, review and possible supplementation of evidence, causing time delay and significant cost and injustice.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Common law principles on pleading/Rules of Pleading
Matters of foreign law are facts and must be pleaded
- 02
Civil procedure principles/case law on amendments
Leave to amend pleadings should be granted to resolve the real question between parties unless prejudice cannot be compensated; prejudice can be remedied by costs or directions
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
Grant leave to amend because Delaware law must be pleaded, the asserted prejudice was overstated (plaintiff had anticipated calling one expert on Delaware law), and any prejudice can be compensated by costs; therefore leave is given subject to a hearing on costs and directions for expert evidence.
Obiter and limits
- Omission was attributed to defendant's solicitors' oversight and was not a surprise to the plaintiff
- Although parties anticipated an expert, no directions for expert evidence had been given; without directions experts cannot be called and parties must seek appropriate directions
Court disposition
Leave granted to the defendant to amend the Amended Defence to plead Delaware law, subject to costs to be determined and directions for expert evidence
- Defendant granted leave to amend the Amended Defence to plead Delaware law
- Hearing on costs to be convened to determine compensation for any prejudice
- Parties to seek and obtain appropriate directions for expert evidence
Source and reliance status
Court of First Instance · 31 January 2007
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Court of First Instance
Judgment· 31 January 2007
bjbj HCA 994/2003
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE ACTION NO. 994 OF 2003
BETWEEN
GOAL SETTING CONSULTING COMPANY LIMITED Plaintiff and
UNIGRAPHICS SOLUTIONS ASIA/PACIFIC INCORPORATED Defendant Before : Hon Sakhrani J in Chambers Date of Hearing : 31 January 2007 Date of Decision : 31 January 2007
D E C I S I O N
AUTONUMOUT This is an application by the defendant for leave to make further amendments to the defence. The whole tenor of the amendments is to plead Delaware law.
AUTONUMOUT It has been obvious to the parties that matters of foreign law are facts which have to be pleaded. That has been recognised by the defendant in both the interlocutory applications before me in 2004 and 2006. The reason I was told why the foreign law had not yet been pleaded was due to an oversight of the solicitors for the defendant. At the hearing in July 2006 I was informed of this by leading counsel for the defendant. However, it was plain that the pleading would have to be amended to plead Delaware law. This is not a matter that takes the plaintiff by surprise.
AUTONUMOUT The plaintiff complains of prejudice. This is more particularly set out at paragraph 15 of the fifth affirmation of Peter Ha Wing Ho, which was as follows: The Defendant s application to re-amend the Amended Defence at this late stage has highly prejudiced the Plaintiff s case and causes injustice to the Plaintiff. The Plaintiff would obviously need to engage a Delaware law expert and seek his availability for the trial dates. In the meanwhile it would need to amend its Reply and seek Delaware law advice to do so. In addition, the plaintiff will need to review all of its evidence should foreign law be one of the issues at the trial. It is probable that it will need to file supplemental witness statements on issues of fact. Quite apart that it will require a lot of time, and will also cost a lot of money.
AUTONUMOUT Mr Maurellet has informed me that even if all these steps had to be taken that would not cause an adjournment of the trial which has been fixed to commence in September this year.
AUTONUMOUT In my view the prejudice to the plaintiff has been exaggerated. I say this because in the checklist of the plaintiff dated 13 October 2006 the plaintiff anticipated calling one expert. In the application to set the case down for trial dated 26 October 2006 it was also stated again that the plaintiff anticipated calling one expert witness. That expert witness can only be an expert on Delaware law.
AUTONUMOUT The general principles on granting leave to amend are well settled and it is not necessary to repeat the same here. It seems to me that for the purpose of determining the real question in controversy between the parties I ought to grant leave to the defendant to make the amendments that it seeks provided the plaintiff can be compensated for the prejudice that it suffers by an order for costs. I am satisfied that it can be so compensated and I give leave to the defendant subject to hearing counsel on the question of costs.
AUTONUMOUT I would also observe that although the parties have indicated that they anticipated calling an expert witness, in fact no directions for expert evidence have yet been given. Without such directions, the parties will not be in a position to call any expert evidence. The parties will have to address this matter and seek the appropriate directions. (Arjan H. Sakhrani) Judge of the Court of First Instance, High Court Mr Jose-Antonio Maurellet, instructed by Messrs Kok & Ha, for the Plaintiff Mr Lawrence Ng, instructed by Messrs Wilkinson & Grist, for the Defendant
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