HKSAR v. YEE HOK CHUN
- Citation
- HKSAR v. YEE HOK CHUN
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- Hong Kong
- Court
- Court of First Instance
- Decision
- 19 May 1999
- Posture
- Magistracy Appeal (criminal) / Appeal Against Conviction in the High Court (court of First Instance)
- Case number
- HCMA252/1999
- Language
- English
More details
- Court
- Court of First Instance
- Decision
- 19 May 1999
- Posture
- Magistracy Appeal (criminal) / Appeal Against Conviction in the High Court (court of First Instance)
- Case number
- HCMA252/1999
- Language
- English
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The appellate court held there was no basis to disturb the magistrate's finding that the undercover officers were reliable and that police were not required to caution the Appellant before conducting an undercover operation; accordingly the appeal was dismissed and the conviction upheld.
Court disposition
Appeal dismissed; conviction upheld.
Orders
- Appeal dismissed.
- Conviction affirmed.
02
Material facts
Parties
HKSAR
Respondent Counsel: Mr. Johnny Chan (Department of Justice)YEE Hok-chun
Appellant Counsel: Mr. David Boyton (instructed by M/s. Miller Peart De Witt)03
Procedural history
Posture
Magistracy Appeal (criminal) / Appeal Against Conviction in the High Court (court of First Instance)
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the magistrate was entitled to rely on undercover police officers' evidence to convict
- 02
Whether police were obliged to caution the suspect when they suspected him of managing a vice establishment before conducting an undercover operation
- 03
Whether the magistrate's finding on witness reliability should be disturbed on appeal
Party arguments
- Applicant
- Appellant attacked the reliability of the two undercover officers' evidence and argued that because officers suspected him of managing a vice establishment they should have cautioned him rather than pose as customers; contended that the undercover operation should not have been used.
- Respondent
- Respondent submitted the magistrate properly relied on the undercover officers whose evidence the magistrate who saw and heard them found reliable, and that there was no requirement to caution instead of conducting an undercover operation; no basis to disturb the conviction.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
High Court judgment (V. Bokhary J), 19 May 1999
Findings of fact based on witness credibility are entitled to deference where the trial magistrate saw and heard the witnesses.
- 02
High Court judgment (V. Bokhary J), 19 May 1999
Police may lawfully use undercover operations; suspicion alone does not mandate cautioning instead of undercover investigation.
- 03
Crimes Ordinance, Cap. 200, s.139(1)(b)
Managing a vice establishment is an offence under section 139(1)(b) of the Crimes Ordinance, Cap. 200.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The appellate court held there was no basis to disturb the magistrate's finding that the undercover officers were reliable and that police were not required to caution the Appellant before conducting an undercover operation; accordingly the appeal was dismissed and the conviction upheld.
Obiter and limits
- The suggestion that undercover operations should perhaps never be used was rejected.
- A magistrate's advantage in seeing and hearing witnesses is significant when assessing credibility.
Court disposition
Appeal dismissed; conviction upheld.
- Appeal dismissed.
- Conviction affirmed.
Source and reliance status
Court of First Instance · 19 May 1999
This page organises the available record for research. Confirm quotations, current status, and subsequent treatment against the official source before relying on the case.
Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
Court of First Instance
Judgment· 19 May 1999
bjbj 1999, No. MA252
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE
HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE (APPELLATE JURISDICTION) MAGISTRACY APPEAL NO. 252 OF 1999 ____
BETWEEN HKSAR Respondent and YEE HOK CHUN Appellant ____ Coram : The Honourable Mrs Justice V. Bokhary in Court Date of Hearing: 19th May 1999 Date of Delivery of Judgment: 19th May 1999 ______
J U D G M E N T ______ On 19th February 1999 before J.T. Glass Esquire at the North Kowloon Magistracy, this Appellant was convicted on a charge of managing a vice establishment contrary to section 139(1)(b) of the Crimes Ordinance, Cap.
200. He now appeals against that conviction. The particulars of offence set out in the charge read as follows: YEE Hok-chun, you are charged that on the 30th day of August, 1998 at Floor: 1, Shop Name: Wan Yau Happy Chung Seung Club, 516, Shanghai Street, Mongkok, Kowloon West, in Hong Kong, you managed the said premises which were kept as a vice establishment. In convicting the Appellant, the Magistrate relied on the evidence of two undercover police officers who visited the premises on the day in question posing as customers. If what these two police officers said is reliable, the Magistrate was fully entitled to feel satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the premises were a vice establishment and that the Appellant was managing the same. The magistrate who saw and heard them felt sure of the reliability of these two officers. Counsel for the Appellant has advanced a lengthy argument attacking the Magistrate s acceptance of their evidence. Having considered that argument, I find no basis for disturbing the Magistrate s view of their reliability. Counsel for the Appellant also advances legal arguments. The core of these arguments is that because the officers suspected the Appellant of managing a vice establishment, they should have cautioned him rather than posed as customers. In short, the argument is that there should have been no undercover operation in the present case or perhaps ever. I reject this argument. The appeal is dismissed. (V. Bokhary) Judge of the Court of First Instance, High Court Mr. David Boyton (inst d by M/s. Miller Peart De Witt) for the Appellant Mr. Johnny Chan (of the Department of Justice) for the Respondent -
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