Hong Kong Judgment

Court of First Instance

HKSAR v. YEE HOK CHUN

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Source document

01

Holding and result

The appellate court held there was no basis to disturb the magistrate's finding that the undercover officers were reliable and that police were not required to caution the Appellant before conducting an undercover operation; accordingly the appeal was dismissed and the conviction upheld.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed; conviction upheld.

Orders

  • Appeal dismissed.
  • Conviction affirmed.

02

Material facts

Parties

HKSAR

Respondent Counsel: Mr. Johnny Chan (Department of Justice)

YEE Hok-chun

Appellant Counsel: Mr. David Boyton (instructed by M/s. Miller Peart De Witt)

03

Procedural history

  1. Posture

    Magistracy Appeal (criminal) / Appeal Against Conviction in the High Court (court of First Instance)

04

Questions and positions

Legal issues

Party arguments

Applicant
Appellant attacked the reliability of the two undercover officers' evidence and argued that because officers suspected him of managing a vice establishment they should have cautioned him rather than pose as customers; contended that the undercover operation should not have been used.
Respondent
Respondent submitted the magistrate properly relied on the undercover officers whose evidence the magistrate who saw and heard them found reliable, and that there was no requirement to caution instead of conducting an undercover operation; no basis to disturb the conviction.

05

Court’s reasoning

  1. 01

    High Court judgment (V. Bokhary J), 19 May 1999

    Findings of fact based on witness credibility are entitled to deference where the trial magistrate saw and heard the witnesses.

  2. 02

    High Court judgment (V. Bokhary J), 19 May 1999

    Police may lawfully use undercover operations; suspicion alone does not mandate cautioning instead of undercover investigation.

  3. 03

    Crimes Ordinance, Cap. 200, s.139(1)(b)

    Managing a vice establishment is an offence under section 139(1)(b) of the Crimes Ordinance, Cap. 200.

06

Ratio, limits and disposition

Ratio decidendi

The appellate court held there was no basis to disturb the magistrate's finding that the undercover officers were reliable and that police were not required to caution the Appellant before conducting an undercover operation; accordingly the appeal was dismissed and the conviction upheld.

Obiter and limits

  • The suggestion that undercover operations should perhaps never be used was rejected.
  • A magistrate's advantage in seeing and hearing witnesses is significant when assessing credibility.

Court disposition

Appeal dismissed; conviction upheld.

  • Appeal dismissed.
  • Conviction affirmed.

Source and reliance status

Court of First Instance · 19 May 1999

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Judgment reading view

Judgment text

The complete available source text.

Source document

Court of First Instance

Judgment· 19 May 1999

HKSAR v. YEE HOK CHUN

bjbj 1999, No. MA252

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE (APPELLATE JURISDICTION) MAGISTRACY APPEAL NO. 252 OF 1999 ____

BETWEEN HKSAR Respondent and YEE HOK CHUN Appellant ____ Coram : The Honourable Mrs Justice V. Bokhary in Court Date of Hearing: 19th May 1999 Date of Delivery of Judgment: 19th May 1999 ______

J U D G M E N T ______ On 19th February 1999 before J.T. Glass Esquire at the North Kowloon Magistracy, this Appellant was convicted on a charge of managing a vice establishment contrary to section 139(1)(b) of the Crimes Ordinance, Cap.

200. He now appeals against that conviction. The particulars of offence set out in the charge read as follows: YEE Hok-chun, you are charged that on the 30th day of August, 1998 at Floor: 1, Shop Name: Wan Yau Happy Chung Seung Club, 516, Shanghai Street, Mongkok, Kowloon West, in Hong Kong, you managed the said premises which were kept as a vice establishment. In convicting the Appellant, the Magistrate relied on the evidence of two undercover police officers who visited the premises on the day in question posing as customers. If what these two police officers said is reliable, the Magistrate was fully entitled to feel satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the premises were a vice establishment and that the Appellant was managing the same. The magistrate who saw and heard them felt sure of the reliability of these two officers. Counsel for the Appellant has advanced a lengthy argument attacking the Magistrate s acceptance of their evidence. Having considered that argument, I find no basis for disturbing the Magistrate s view of their reliability. Counsel for the Appellant also advances legal arguments. The core of these arguments is that because the officers suspected the Appellant of managing a vice establishment, they should have cautioned him rather than posed as customers. In short, the argument is that there should have been no undercover operation in the present case or perhaps ever. I reject this argument. The appeal is dismissed. (V. Bokhary) Judge of the Court of First Instance, High Court Mr. David Boyton (inst d by M/s. Miller Peart De Witt) for the Appellant Mr. Johnny Chan (of the Department of Justice) for the Respondent -

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IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF HONG KONG Alice LH Yu bokhary-ma Microsoft Word 8.0

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Authorities

Authorities used by the court

Cases, legislation, regulations, and constitutional provisions identified in the available record.

Crimes Ordinance, Cap. 200, s.139(1)(b)

Legislation

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