[2011] KEHC 2895 (KLR)
The court found that the circumstances at the scene of the robbery were not conducive to positive identification, as the attack was sudden and the area was not well illuminated. The complainant's evidence was contradicted by PW2, who stated the area was dark. The trial court failed to warn itself of the dangers of...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2011] KEHC 2895 (KLR)
- Parties
- Appellant: Abdi Aziz Ahmed; Appellant: Yassin Abdi Ali; Respondent: Republic
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Nairobi (Milimani Law Courts)
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Criminal Appeal 372 & 373 of 2007
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Judgment
- Outcome
- appeal_allowed
- Legal Topics
- Robbery With Violence, Identification Evidence, Single Witness Testimony, Burden of Proof
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Abdi Aziz Ahmed
Appellant
Yassin Abdi Ali
Appellant
Republic
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal / Judgment
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the identification of the appellants by the complainant was positive and free from error.
- 2 Whether the trial court erred by convicting on the evidence of a single identifying witness without proper warning.
- 3 Whether the evidence on record was sufficient to sustain a conviction for robbery with violence.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that the circumstances at the scene of the robbery were not conducive to positive identification, as the attack was sudden and the area was not well illuminated. The complainant's evidence was contradicted by PW2, who stated the area was dark. The trial court failed to warn itself of the dangers of convicting on the evidence of a single identifying witness, which was a material omission. The evidence on record was insufficient and left too many doubts unresolved. Consequently, the conviction was unsafe and could not be sustained.
Court Disposition
appeal_allowed
Orders
- The appeals are allowed.
- The convictions are quashed.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
18 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA
AT NAIROBI
CRIMINAL APPEAL NOs. 372 & 373 OF 2007
ABDI AZIZ AHMED ………………………………………..1ST APPELLANT
YASSIN ABDI ALI …………………………………………2ND APPELLANT
VERSUS
REPUBLIC ………………….………………………………….RESPONDENT
(From the original conviction and sentence in Criminal Case No. 465 of 2006 of the Principal Magistrate’s Court at Garissa by S. M. Kibunja - Ag. Senior Principal Magistrate
JUDGEMENT
The appellants were charged with robbery with violence contrary to section 296(2) of the Penal Code.The particulars are that on 19th day of February 2006 at about 7. 20 p.m. at Ngamia Road in Garissa district within North Eastern Province with others not before the court jointly robbed Yusuf Mursal of a mobile phone make Motorola C200 valued at Kshs.5,000/= and cash Kshs.6,000/= and at the time of such robbery wounded the said Yusuf Mursal.
The two appellants were convicted and sentenced to death.The basis of the appellants’ conviction is the evidence given by the complainant PW1 who contended that he was encountered by four people as he was heading home.
According to PW1 the four robbers grabbed him and demanded money. He said he knew two of them very well being the 1st appellant and another person who was not arrested.He screamed for help and PW2 who was walking behind him did not answer his call. PW1 contended that it was not dark but he was able to see the 1st appellant with the help of moonlight and light from a neighbouring house.
The question that arises is whether the complainant was able to see the attackers and whether the area where the robbery took place was well illuminated.According to PW1 the attack was sudden and swift making the possibility that the intruders could be mistaken for other people. It is also clear that the circumstances prevailing at the scene was not favourable for positive identification. In the circumstances we think that the circumstances prevailing at the scene and the fact that PW1 did not clearly establish how he was able to identify the 1st appellant creates doubts in our mind. It is also clear that the trial court did not warn itself of the dangers of convicting the appellants on the evidence of a single identifying witness. We think that was material omission which was goes to the root of the appeals under our determination. The failure by the trial court to warn itself of the dangers of basing its conviction on a sole identifying witness greatly and materially affects the propriety of the conviction.
Having re-evaluated the evidence, we are of the view that PW1 did not have ample opportunity to clearly see the persons who robbed him on the material night.According to PW2 the area was dark and that is why he ran away after PW1 was attacked. In view of the conflicting and contradictory evidence by PW1 and PW2, we think it is unsafe to sustain the conviction entered by the trial court. As rightly pointed out by Mr. Onono learned counsel for the appellants, the evidence on record is insufficient and that there are too many unexplained areas or doubts in the prosecution case.The conviction entered is against the weight of the evidence on record. We think both appeals are well merited. Consequently, we are minded to allow the two appeals, quash the conviction and set aside the sentence. We order for the immediate release of both appellants unless lawfully held.
Dated, signed and delivered at Nairobi this 15th day of February 2011.
J. KHAMINWAM. WARSAME
JUDGEJUDGE