[2024] KEHC 5671 (KLR)

Ekiru & 2 others v Republic (Criminal Revision E071 of 2024) [2024] KEHC 5671 (KLR) (17 May 2024) (Ruling)

Neutral citation: [2024] KEHC 5671 (KLR)

Republic of Kenya

In the High Court at Lodwar

Criminal Revision E071 of 2024

RN Nyakundi, J

May 17, 2024

Between

Elijah Reimas Ekiru

1st Applicant

Mark Esekon Losikiria

2nd Applicant

Isaac Losikiria Nakalale Elimlim

3rd Applicant

and

Republic

Respondent

(Being Review on Sentence from the Decision in Cr. Case No.E004 of2024 by Hon.D. Orimba (SPM) on 3. 1.2024)

Ruling

1. The applicants were charged with the offence of entering a national park, contrary to section 102(1)(a) of The Wildlife Conservation and Management Act, 2013. They also faced an alternative count of Conveying snare into a protected area contrary to section 102(1)(F) of The Wildlife Conservation and management Act, 2013.

2. The applicants pleaded guilty to the offence before Hon. D. Orimba on 3rd January, 2024 and as a consequence, they were convicted on their own plea of guilty and sentenced to a fine of Kshs. 100,000/= and in default 12 months imprisonment.

3. The applicants have approached this court pursuant to sections 357,362,364& 382 of the Criminal Procedure Code as construed with Article 50(2) (p) & (q) as conjunctively read with Article 50(6)(a)&(b) of the Constitution.

4. The applicants seek a sentence review based on the sentence review reports on record. The reports for the applicants are positive. According to the reports, the applicants are remorseful and they regret for the misdeeds and they are praying for a second chance. The prison authorities have equally given a good report of the applicants. They have all been in good behavior while in prison. They are all of a young age, a factor that is considered in determining the suitability of a non-custodial sentence. To the first applicant, the sentence report recommended a CSO at the Lodwar Probation office for three months. As for the second applicant, his CSO was proposed to be at the Kang’atosa dispensary for three months whereas the 3rd Applicant serves his from Kataboi chief’s camp, Turkana North Sub-County.

5. In determining whether to impose a custodial or non-custodial sentence, the court is required to take into account the following factors: -a)Gravity of the offence: - sentence of imprisonment should be avoided for misdemeanour.b)Criminal history of the offender. Taking into account the seriousness of the offences, first offenders should be considered for non-custodial sentence.c)Character of the offender: - non-custodial sentence are best suited for offenders who are already remorseful and receptive to rehabilitative measures.d)Protection of the community: - where the offender is likely to pose a threat to the community.e)Offender’s responsibility to third parties: - where there are people depending on the offender.Turning to the issue of sentence the court wants to remind itself and the Lower Court that sentencing should always follow the provisions of the statute, the Sentencing policy guidelines published in 2023 and the Principles laid down in the various case law. It is trite that the basis on which Appeal’s Court exercise jurisdiction to review or overturn the sentence is basically on factors of the sentence being manifestly excessive or in adequate likely to send shock waves to the public and the offender. the Constitution 2010 also enacted Article 25 (a) dealing with rights and fundamental freedoms guarantees of citizens from torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment. That fundamental right should be borne in mind in sentencing an offender upon conviction for that particular offence. In some also as a matter of principle in sentencing any verdict, sanction or punishment must be proportionate to the crime for which the accused person has been convicted. It is also clear from the objectives and principles of sentencing, that the accused being a first offender or has entered a plea of guilty to the offence should count for something to reduce his or her sentence. Generally, for first offenders, it is very unlikely that if they are placed on non-custodial sentence they would be re-offending hence impacting negatively public law and order in our communities. The trial courts ought to focus more on rehabilitation of offenders than deterrence with lengthy sentences that may not aid in the transformation of the offender. There are various sentencing provided in our penal system which are rarely invoked as measures to punish crime by the trial courts. The non-custodial measures are fashioned around the Tokio rules 8. 1 &8. 2 (a-m) which provide inter-alia Verbal sanctions, such as admonition, reprimand and warning

Conditional discharge

Status Penalties

Economic sanction and donentary penalties, such as fines and day-fines

Confiscation or an expropriation order

Restitution to the victim or a compensation order

Suspended or differed sentence

Probation and judicial supervision

A community service order

Referral to an attendance center

House arrest

Any other mode of non-institutional treatment, or

Some combination of these measures.

Just as the offender’s person need and interests have to be weighed against society’s interest at the pre-trial stage, so the offenders “rehabilitative needs” at the sentencing stage must be balanced against eh need to protect society and “the interests of the victim the list of non-custodial measures in Rule 8. 2 while not exhaustive, contains a wide range of non-custodial measures to suit different circumstances and achieve different objectives

6. Further to the aforementioned, the Community Service Orders Act makes it possible for courts to issue an order requiring the offender to perform community service. This option is available to court when the offender is convicted of an offence punishable by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or imprisonment for a term exceeding three years but for which the court determines that any of that term as would be appropriate be served within the community on unpaid public works.

7. The analysis of the facts of this case is such that it fits the legal framework of the Community Service Act as an alternative sentence to imprisonment. Consequently, the effective measure as recommended by the probation officer is to have the applicants serve the remainder of their sentence i.e. 8 months at Lodwar Probation office for three months, Kang’atosa dispensary for three months and Kataboi chief’s camp, Turkana North Sub-County respectively. Monthly reports shall be filed in court by the supervisor of the applicants through the probation officer. The essence of it is that any breach of any conditions by the applicant shall attract cancellation of the community service order and have the sentence reverted to custodial sanctions.

SIGNED, DATE AND DELIVERED AT LODWAR THIS 17THDAY OF MAY 2024. In the Presence ofMr. Jonathan Bungei for the StateAppellant…………………………………….R. NYAKUNDIJUDGE