[2024] KEELC 13345 (KLR)

Ethics and Anti Corruption Commission v Maundu & 5 others; Kenya Deposit Insurance Corporation (Interested Party) (Environment & Land Case E162 of 2023) [2024] KEELC 13345 (KLR) (14 November 2024) (Ruling)

Neutral citation: [2024] KEELC 13345 (KLR)

Republic of Kenya

In the Environment and Land Court at Nairobi

Environment & Land Case E162 of 2023

LN Mbugua, J

November 14, 2024

Between

Ethics and Anti Corruption Commission

Plaintiff

and

Peter Eliud Mutua Maundu

1st Defendant

Swanya Limited

2nd Defendant

Victor Swanya Ogeto

3rd Defendant

Janet Nyanduko Ogeto

4th Defendant

Wilson Gacanja

5th Defendant

Daima Bank Limited (IL)

6th Defendant

and

Kenya Deposit Insurance Corporation

Interested Party

Ruling

1. Before me are two Preliminary Objections for determination, the 1st one dated 19. 3. 2024 brought forth by the 2nd – 4th defendants, while the other one is dated 15. 4. 2024 filed by the 1st defendant.

The Preliminary Objection dated 19. 3.2024 2. The 2nd - 4th defendants raise two grounds in their above mentioned Preliminary Objection, which are;1. That this court lacks jurisdiction to set aside or vary any portion of the Consent Order adopted on 9th July 2014 by the 2nd Defendant and the 6th Defendant in Nairobi Civil Appeal No. 270 of 2001; Swanya Limited v Dima Bank Limited.2. That the notice of claim against the 2nd - 4th defendants dated 31. 10. 2023 by the 6th defendant is res- judicata and violates Section 7 of the Civil Procedure Act. Any and all issues relating to settlement of any outstanding debt due from the 2nd Defendant arising from the judgment issued in Nairobi HCCC no. 1849 of 1996, Swanya Limited v Dima Bank Limited were settled by the Consent Order adopted on 9. 7.2014 by the 2nd defendant and the 6th defendant in Nairobi Civil appeal No. 270 of 2001, Swanya Limited V Daima Bank Limited.

The Preliminary Objection dated 15. 4.2024 3. The 1st defendant raises two grounds in the above mentionedPreliminary Objection namely;a.That the court lacks jurisdiction to entertain a challenge of I.R. No. 65477 pursuant to provisions of Section 23 of the Registration of Titles Act Cap 281. b.That the Court is bound by the provisions of Article 163 (7) of the Constitution of Kenya.

4. On 24. 4.2024, the court gave directions that the two Preliminary Objections be heard by way of written submissions.

5. The Submissions of the 1st defendant are dated 24th May 2024. He contends that the 2nd defendant was at all material times the registered proprietor and absolute and indefeasible owner of parcel IR 65477. That for the 1st defendant, he was only a holder of the allotment letter of the suit property and that at no point was he the registered proprietor of the suit property. Therefore, this suit does not disclose any valid cause of action against him. Adding that the suit land is private property granted to the 2nd defendant by the President of the Republic of Kenya.

6. In support of his case, the 1st defendant relies on the case; Petition No. 5. (E006) of 2022 between Torino Enterprises Limited and the Honourable Attorney General.

7. The submissions of the 2nd - 4th defendants are dated 21. 6. June 2024. They contend that this suit is resjudicata to the case Nairobi HCCC No. 1849 of 1996, and Nairobi Civil Appeal No. 270 of 2001 (Swanya Limited v Daima Bank Limited) where the matter was settled via a consent dated 9. 7.2014.

8. It is argued that the terms of the said consent are binding on this court under the principle of stare decisis. That this being a lower court, then the same lacks jurisdiction to vary or set aside the terms set out therein.

9. Further, it is argued that the 6th defendant cannot pursue its notice of claim before this court against them as the said claim does not relate to title, use and occupation of land as provided for under Article 162 (2) (b) of the Constitution and Section 13 of the Environment and Land Court Act. Adding that the 6th defendants purported remedy, if any, lies in execution of proceedings before the Court of Appeal and not before this court.

10. In support of their case, the 2nd - 4th defendants rely on the cases of Samuel Mbugua Ikumbu v Barclays Bank of Kenya Limited [2015] eKLR, John Florence Maritime Services Limited & Another v Cabinet Secretary for Transport and Infrastructure & 3 Others [2015] eKLR.

11. The plaintiffs submissions are dated 30. 4. 2024. They are filed in opposition to the Preliminary Objection of the 1st defendant only (the one dated 15. 4.2024). They contend that at paragraph 14 of their plaint, they have enumerated the particulars of fraud as against the defendants, which brings the plaintiffs claim squarely within the exceptions envisioned under section 23 of RTA.

12. The submissions of the 6th defendant and the Interested Party are dated 23. 5.2024. They have been filed in opposition to the Preliminary Objection of the 2nd - 4th defendants dated 19. 3.2024. They contend that the said Preliminary Objection is defective and devoid of merit as it does not raise pure points of law contrary to the principles set out in the case of Mukisa Biscuit Manufacturers Limited v Western Distributors (1969) EA 696.

13. They aver that the consent order of 9. 7.2014 was subject to the fact that the 2nd defendant was the registered proprietor of the suit property, and the fact that the suit property was used as security for a loan facility from the 6th defendant. That whereas they (6th defendant and the interested party) are not challenging the said consent order, they are seeking indemnity in accordance with the provisions of Section 91 of the Land Act should this court find that the title of the suit property was fraudulently acquired. They therefore contended that this suit is not res-Judicata. They rely on the cases of Kenya Anti Corruption Commission v Willesden Investments Limited & 7 Others 2019 eKLR, Peter Mungai V Joseph Ngaba Kuria & Another; Leah Njeri Ndichu (Interested Party) (2022) eKLR amongst other cases.

14. I have considered all the arguments raised herein as well as the court record. It is apparent that this court delivered a ruling on 4. 12. 2023 relating to yet another Preliminary Objection which had been raised by the 1st defendant.

15. In the case ofHenderson v Henderson [1843] 67 ER 313 cited in John Florence Maritime Services Limited & Another v Cabinet Secretary for Transport and Infrastructure & 3 Others [2015] eKLR, it was stated that;“…..Where a given matter becomes the subject of litigation in and adjudication by, a court of competent jurisdiction, the court requires the parties to that litigation to bring forward their whole case, and will not (except under special circumstances) permit the same parties to open the same subject of litigation in respect of matters which might have been brought forward, as part of the subject in contest, but which was not brought forward, only because they have, from negligence, inadvertence, or even accident, omitted part of their case”.

16. In the aforementioned ruling of 4. 12. 2023, the court rendered its verdict on the question of jurisdiction of this court. The 1st defendant is therefore estopped from regurgitating now and then other Preliminary Objections relating to the same question. The same case applies to the other defendants. In particular, this court refers to the contents of paragraph 11 of the said ruling where this court stated that “the plaintiff has a statutory mandate to file a suit before this court for the recovery of public property.” To this end, this court pronounced itself on the status of the consent made in the Court of Appeal to the effect that the Court of Appeal did not determine the veracity of the title in question.

17. To this end, this court will not rehash the issues determined in the said ruling all over again.

18. Needless to state that it is quite apparent that the defendants are in a quest to create a Gordian knot so as to derail the trial. They ought to articulate their issues through their respective pleadings and then prepare for the trial instead of filing a plethora of Preliminary Objections; see – Lawrence Kinyua Mwai v Nyariginu Farmers Co. Ltd & Another [2019] eKLR.

19. In the circumstances, the two Preliminary Objections dated 19. 3.2024 and 15. 4.2024 are hereby dismissed and each party is to bear their own costs of the two Preliminary Objections.

DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED AT NAIROBI THIS 14th DAY OF NOVEMBER 2024 THROUGH MICROSOFT TEAMS.LUCY N. MBUGUAJUDGEIn the presence of:Kemunto holding brief for Wambugu for PlaintiffMima holding brief for Dr. Ojiambo SC for 2nd – 4th DefendantsM/s Munda holding brief for Kiprotich for 5th DefendantM/s Kangu for 6th Defendant and Interested PartyWachira holding brief for Koki M. for 1st DefendantCourt Assistant: Vena