[1998] KECA 190 (KLR)
The Court of Appeal held that the conviction was properly based on the credible and consistent evidence of the complainant, who recognized the appellant as her step-grandson both visually and by voice in circumstances that excluded the possibility of mistaken identity. The court found that corroboration was not...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [1998] KECA 190 (KLR)
- Parties
- Appellant: George Ngesa Ouma; Respondent: Republic
- Court
- Court of Appeal
- Court Station
- Court of Appeal at Kisumu
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Criminal Appeal 6 of 1998
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Judgment on Appeal
- Outcome
- appeal dismissed; conviction and sentence upheld
- Judges
- JE Gicheru, AB Shah
- Legal Topics
- Grievous Harm, Evidence of Single Witness, Identification, Corroboration, Burden of Proof
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
George Ngesa Ouma
Appellant
Republic
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal / Judgment on Appeal
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the conviction could be sustained on the uncorroborated evidence of a single witness.
- 2 Whether the identification of the appellant was reliable under the circumstances.
- 3 Whether the appellant was framed due to a land dispute.
Ratio Decidendi
The Court of Appeal held that the conviction was properly based on the credible and consistent evidence of the complainant, who recognized the appellant as her step-grandson both visually and by voice in circumstances that excluded the possibility of mistaken identity. The court found that corroboration was not legally required where the single witness's evidence was accepted as truthful. The medical evidence and the assistant chief's testimony further supported the prosecution's case. The appellant's claim of being framed due to a land dispute was rejected as implausible, and the courts below were correct in dismissing it. The appellate court found no reason to disturb the conviction or...
Court Disposition
appeal dismissed; conviction and sentence upheld
Orders
- The appeal against conviction is dismissed.
- The conviction and sentence of the lower court are upheld.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
31 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL AT KISUMU (CORAM: GICHERU, TUNOI, & SHAH JJ.A) CRIMINAL APPEAL NO.6 OF 1998 BETWEEN
GEORGE NGESA OUMA...........................................APPELLANT
AND
REPUBLIC..............................................................RESPONDENT
(Appeal from conviction, sentence and judgment of the High Court of Kenya at Kisumu (Mr. Justice Wambilyangah) dated 18th July, 1997
in
H.C.CR. APPEAL NO. 326 OF 1996)
***********************
JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
George Ngesa Ouma, the appellant, was convicted by the Resident Magistrate in Siaya of the offence of causing grievous harm contrary to section 234 of the Penal Code. The particulars of the offence were as follows:-
"George Ngesa Ouma, on the 26th day of July, 1995 at Bar Gulu sub-location, South Alego location in Siaya District within Nyanza unlawfully did grievous harm to Margaret Odia Murunga."
The evidence as led by the prosecution was that the complainant is the step-grandmother of the appellant, that is the grandson of her co-wife. On the date in question, at about 10. 00 p.m. the appellant entered the complainant's house after breaking open the door. The complainant had lit her lThaen tearpnp.e llant after knocking her down stepped on her chest and face. On being asked by the complainant why she was being "killed" the appellant dropped her in the fire which the complainant had lit. When the appellant screamed some persons came to her rescue. None of these people gave evidence that was before that court, in regard to the assault, was that of the complainant. This factor is relief upon by the appellant as one of the grounds of his appeal, namely, that there was only uncorroborated evidence of the complainant and that was not enough to warrant a conviction, more so as the persons who came on to the scene were not called to give evidence in support of her testimony.
The complainant's evidence was accepted by the learned magistrate and upon re-evaluation thereof also by the superior court (Wambilyangah, J). It would be proper to point out at this stage that evidence of a single witness, if accepted, could lead to a conviction. Corroboration of such evidence is not a necessity before a conviction can be entered. The nature of injuries suffered by the complainant were consistent with the manner in which she was assaulted and then thrown onto fire. Dr. Michael Dagaye (P.W.3) confirmed that the complainant had lost most of her eye-sight in the left eye and she had deep bruises on her buttocks. P.W.3 concluded that the cause of her injuries "was a fire and she also suffered blunt injuries on her other parts of the body.The evidence of P.W.3 was unchallenged. The consistency of the complainant's evidence was also, to a certain extent shown by Eliakim Otieno Ohanya (P.W.2) an assistant chief of Bar Agula sub-location in that he was informed of the injuries suffered by the complainant and he arranged for her medical treatment and also arrested the appellant.
The learned magistrate who heard the case did not accept the appellant's version, namely, that he was framed Because of some land dispute. The learned magistrate said:
"I do not think that the complainant could have burnt herself so seriously like thin in order just to frame the accused. And there is no way another person could have injured her and then forgives that person and blames the accused instead."
What the learned magistrate said stands to reason. The first appellate court on hearing the appeal came to the conclusion that there was ample proof by credible evidence adduced by the prosecution to enable him to convict. We think both courts below came to the correct decision.
The appellant argued in this court that the conditions for identification were not adequate. It was, apart from a visual identification a recognition. Obviously a stepgrandmother would know the voice of a grandson who lives nearby. But apart from recognition there is also evidence that the complainant had lit a lantern and she saw her stepgrandson.
There cannot be a mistake on such identification; and as the magistrate found, it could not have been a framedup charge. The upshot of all this is that we see no ground upon which to disturb the conviction which was based on correct application of the law and the appeal against conviction is dismissed.
Dated and delivered at Nairobi this 27th day of March, 1998.
J.E. GICHERU
.................
JUDGE OF APPEAL
P.K. TUNOI
................
JUDGE OF APPEAL
A.B. SHAH
...............
JUDGE OF APPEAL
I certify that this is a true copy of the original.
DEPUTY REGISTRAR