James Obande Owuor v Republic [2017] KEHC 3625 (KLR)
- Citation
- [2017] KEHC 3625 (KLR)
- Status
- Judgment
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Court
- High Court
- Panel
- DO Ohungo
- Case number
- Miscellaneous Criminal Application 51 of 2016
- Language
- English
More details
- Court
- High Court
- Panel
- DO Ohungo
- Case number
- Miscellaneous Criminal Application 51 of 2016
- Language
- English
On this page
Professional case brief
Research organized from the available case record
01
Holding and result
The court found that the applicant failed to provide any documentary evidence or court records to substantiate his allegations of bias, hostility, or undue interest by the trial magistrate. The only proceedings attached related to a different case heard by another magistrate. The applicant did not present written requests for proceedings or evidence of being denied access to such records. The court held that mere allegations, without supporting material, are insufficient to warrant the disqualification of a judicial officer or the transfer of a case. Furthermore, the court noted that the applicant's application appeared to be an attempt to appeal interlocutory orders before conviction, contrary to the statutory procedure outlined in the Criminal Procedure Code. As a result, the application lacked merit and was dismissed.
Court disposition
application dismissed
Orders
- The application for disqualification and transfer of the trial magistrate is dismissed.
02
Material facts
Parties
James Obande Owuor
ApplicantRepublic
Respondent Counsel: Mr. OluochAmounts and remedies
- Fine Paid in Criminal Case No.192 of 2014: KES 19,332
03
Procedural history
Posture
Miscellaneous Criminal Application / Ruling on Application for Disqualification and Transfer of Trial Magistrate
04
Questions and positions
Legal issues
- 01
Whether the trial magistrate (J.P. Nandi, SRM) should be disqualified from hearing Criminal Case No.417 of 2014 at Oyugis Law Court due to alleged bias.
- 02
Whether the applicant has provided sufficient evidence to justify the transfer of the case to another magistrate outside Oyugis Law Courts.
- 03
Whether the application is a disguised appeal against interlocutory orders rather than a proper application for recusal.
Party arguments
- Applicant
- The applicant alleges that the trial magistrate is biased, hostile, and has shown undue interest in his case, having previously convicted him in another matter and allegedly blocked his efforts to appeal. He claims the magistrate is assisting the complainant and police to dispossess him of land, and that he will not receive a fair trial if the same magistrate continues to preside. He further asserts that his requests for proceedings have been denied, and that the magistrate has allowed amendments to the charge to his detriment.
- Respondent
- Counsel for the State, Mr. Oluoch, argues that the application is essentially an appeal against the order placing the applicant on his defence, disguised as a recusal application. He submits that the right to appeal arises only upon conviction, and that the applicant is abusing court process by filing multiple applications without attaching any proceedings to substantiate his claims. Counsel contends that the statutory appeal process should be followed and that no evidence of bias has been presented.
05
Court’s reasoning
Legal principles
- 01
Common law principles on judicial impartiality; not expressly cited but implied.
A judicial officer should only be disqualified from hearing a matter if there is credible evidence of bias or a real likelihood of bias.
- 02
Section 347(a) Criminal Procedure Code (Cap 75, Laws of Kenya)
The right to appeal in criminal proceedings accrues only upon conviction, not at interlocutory stages.
- 03
Practice directions and case law on recusal; not expressly cited but referenced in reasoning.
Applications for recusal or transfer must be supported by cogent evidence, such as records or proceedings, to substantiate allegations of bias.
06
Ratio, limits and disposition
Ratio decidendi
The court found that the applicant failed to provide any documentary evidence or court records to substantiate his allegations of bias, hostility, or undue interest by the trial magistrate. The only proceedings attached related to a different case heard by another magistrate. The applicant did not present written requests for proceedings or evidence of being denied access to such records. The court held that mere allegations, without supporting material, are insufficient to warrant the disqualification of a judicial officer or the transfer of a case. Furthermore, the court noted that the applicant's application appeared to be an attempt to appeal interlocutory orders before conviction, contrary to the statutory procedure outlined in the Criminal Procedure Code. As a result, the application lacked merit and was dismissed.
Obiter and limits
- The absence of any record from the trial court means the allegations of bias and undue interest have no leg on which to stand.
- It appears the applicant wants proceedings given to him at no cost, which may explain the absence of a written request.
Court disposition
application dismissed
- The application for disqualification and transfer of the trial magistrate is dismissed.
Source and reliance status
High Court
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Judgment reading view
Judgment text
The complete available source text.
High Court
Judgment
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT HOMA BAY
MISC. CRIMINAL APPLICATION NO.51 OF 2016
JAMES OBANDE OWUOR ..................................................... APPLICANT
VERSUS
REPUBLIC ............................................................................. RESPONDENT
RULING
1. JAMES OBANDE OWUOR (the Applicant) has sought for the disqualification of the magistrate (J.P. NANDI, SRM) hearing Criminal Case No.417 of 2014 at Oyugis Law Court. He urges the court to order for transfer of that file to another magistrate OUTSIDE Oyugis Law Courts.
2. The applicant is the accused in Oyugis Criminal Case No.417 of 2014 where he was charged with a) Malicious damage to property contrary to Section 339 Penal Code, b) Trespass on private land contrary to Section 3 (1) (2)of theTrespass Act Cap 294.
3. He has stated that the trial magistrate is biased and has shown deep interest in the matter and become hostile to him, while openly supporting the complainant.
4. He further states that the same trial magistrate sentenced him to 6 months imprisonment in Oyugis Criminal Case No.192 of 2014 and after threatening him that he’d send him to jail without putting him on his defence. In that particular matter, there were a lot of discrepancies, yet he was still convicted, as he fears he will not get justice if the same magistrate hears the current case.
5. The applicant states that the trial magistrate is forcing everything and assisting the complainant directly, so he is convinced that he has been compromised. The applicant explains that the charges are just a means of efforts by police to have him sent to prison so that he can surrender land parcel NO. KABONDO/KODUMO EAST NO.392 in favour of the complainant.
6. The applicant deposes in his affidavit that he had earlier been charged in Criminal Case No.192 of 2014 for the offence of which was heard by J.P. NANDI (SRM) and he was eventually convicted and sentenced to serve 6 months imprisonment on
7. When he sought proceedings to enable him appeal against the sentence, the said magistrate blocked his efforts. He has also been denied copies of proceedings in that case, so he only annexed a receipt showing he paid Kshs.19,332/= as a fine in Criminal case No.192 of 2014.
8. The same magistrate allowed criminal charges against him in Criminal Case No.1364 of 2005 to be presented in court yet these proceedings were eventually dismissed under section 210 Criminal Procedure Code.
9. The applicant is convinced that the District Criminal Investigating Officer (DCIO) Rachuonyo South is working in cahoots with the said trial magistrate because he had been assaulted by police officers and the police want to instil a sense of desperation in him to dissuade him from suing the State on charges of assault by creating a rosy relationship between the police and the magistrate.
10. He alleges that the trial magistrate has promised the complainant and the police that he (applicant) will not escape a jail term. The trial magistrate and police are accused of encouraging the complainant to remain on the ground (I suppose meaning the disputed parcel) until the applicant is imprisoned.
11. He feels that the trial magistrate, having previously dealt adversely with him in Criminal case No.192 of 2014 should not be the proper person to hear his case, especially because in the current case he has allowed the prosecution to make amendments to the charge.
12. There was no formal response filed but Mr. Oluoch on behalf of the State addressed the court on issues of law.
13. The applicant submitted that the case at Oyugis had proceeded to the points where he was placed on his defence to answer the charges. However he felt that the case had a lot of discrepancy and urged the trial magistrate for a De Novo hearing which was rejected.
14. He was displeased by the manner in which the trial magistrate was handling his case because he was asking many questions which he perceived to be relevant to his case, but the trial magistrate would overrule him.
15. The applicant’s biggest fear is that having filed his application, if it fails and he goes before the same trial magistrate, he will not get a fair hearing.
16. MR. OLUOCH in response pointed out that the applicant appears to be appealing against the orders by the trial magistrate placing him on his defence – only that he is cleverly couched it as an application for disqualification.
17. On this limb, counsel points out that the right to appeal accrues upon conviction and he ought to abide the outcome of the decision.
18. Counsel has drawn the court’s attention to Section 347 (a) Criminal Procedure Code which lays a foundation on the appeal process saying that is a statutory procedure and not a matter calling for the court’s discretion.
19. Counsel also points out that in a bid to delay proceedings at OYUGISCourt, the applicant consistently files endless applications – he has so far filed three applications in quick succession beginning with the ones dated 30/11/2016, 9/03/2017 and 03/07/17. He further contends that even with all the frivolous allegations made against the trial magistrate, the applicant has not attached a single page of the proceedings to enable the court to peruse and confirm his allegations.
20. Is there a likelihood of bias demonstrated against the trial magistrate –
21. The applicant refers to criminal case No.417 of 2014 and No.109 of 2014 – it seems he wants both cases halted and transferred from Oyugis court. He has not annexed proceedings related to those cases. He has not presented a single letter written to the magistrate in charge of Oyugis (who is not the trial magistrate) or the Executive Officer at Oyugis requesting for copies of proceedings in those cases, so as to persuade this court that his attempts to get the proceedings have been ignored.
22. I suspect that the applicant wants those proceedings given to him at no cost – which would explain the absence of a written request, which would elicit a written response, and which would then be kept in the court records. It would appear he has only made oral requests and made no payments for the proceedings requested.
23. The only proceedings he has attached relate to Oyugis Criminal case No.1364 of 2005 which was heard and determined in the year 2009, long before the trial magistrate herein was even posted to Oyugis – infact it was heard by a different magistrate who has since left the station.
24. There being no record from the trial court presented to this court to determine whether the allegations he makes against the trial magistrate are true, then the issue of bias, undue odd interest, and rejection of his questions on cross examination have no leg on which to stand.
25. Consequently the application lacks merit and is dismissed.
Delivered and dated this 2nd day of August, 2017 at Homa Bay
H.A. OMONDI
JUDGE
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