[2018] KEHC 2028 (KLR)
The court found that the complainant's testimony was direct, credible, and unshaken under cross-examination, and that she positively identified the appellant, who was known to her. The evidence of distress observed by other witnesses and the medical findings corroborated her account of rape and physical assault. The...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2018] KEHC 2028 (KLR)
- Parties
- Appellant: JMO; Respondent: Republic
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Kisii
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Criminal Appeal 80 of 2018
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Judgment
- Outcome
- appeal dismissed in part; sentence reduced
- Judges
- DAS Majanja
- Legal Topics
- Sexual Offences, Rape, Evidence Corroboration, Sentencing Principles
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
JMO
Appellant
Republic
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal / Judgment
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the prosecution proved the offence of rape against the appellant beyond reasonable doubt.
- 2 Whether the evidence of a single witness without corroboration was sufficient for conviction.
- 3 Whether the failure to call the investigating officer was fatal to the prosecution case.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that the complainant's testimony was direct, credible, and unshaken under cross-examination, and that she positively identified the appellant, who was known to her. The evidence of distress observed by other witnesses and the medical findings corroborated her account of rape and physical assault. The appellant's defence of fabrication due to a land dispute was unsupported and denied by the witnesses. The absence of the investigating officer did not undermine the prosecution's case, as the evidence presented was sufficient to prove the offence beyond reasonable doubt. The court affirmed the conviction but reduced the sentence to the statutory minimum of ten years'...
Court Disposition
appeal dismissed in part; sentence reduced
Orders
- The conviction for rape is affirmed.
- The sentence is reduced to ten (10) years' imprisonment.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
30 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT KISII
CORAM:D.S MAJANJA J.
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 80 OF 2018
BETWEEN
JMO............................................................APPELLANT
AND
REPUBLIC.............................................RESPONDENT
(Appeal from the original conviction and sentence of Hon. J.K Mutai – RM dated 27th February 2017 at the Principal Magistrate’s Court at Ogembo in Sexual Offence Case No. 72 of 2017)
JUDGMENT
1. The appellant, JMO, was charged and convicted of the offence of rape contrary to section 3(1)(a)(b)and (3) of the Sexual Offences Act(“the Act”). The charge against him was as follows:
On the 13th day of November 2017 within Kisii County, he intentionally and unlawfully caused his penis to penetrate the vagina of INM without her consent.
2. The appellant was sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment and now appeals against conviction and sentence. The thrust of the appeal is that the prosecution did not prove its case and that the court relied on the evidence of a single witness without corroboration.
3. The evidence against the appellant was that the complainant (PW 1) was weeding in the shamba at about 6. 30 am when the appellant, who was her nephew, came and raped her. She described what took place as follows:
“I saw someone standing by the house. I went there to check. It was the accused person. I had covered myself with a scarf. He took the lesso from my head and he raped me. He covered my mouth with the lesso. He took off my pants and raped me. He inserted his penis in my vagina without my consent. He strangled me. He covered my mouth with a lesso.”
4. The appellant was taken to Nyamache Sub-County Hospital on the same day, examined and treated. She also went to report the matter to the police station on the same day.
5. At about that time, PW 1’s brother in law (PW 3) heard PW 1 screaming at about 7. 00 a.m. He found that she had fainted. A local farmer (PW 2) heard a woman crying and when he went to where they were, he was informed that PW 1 had been raped by the appellant. PW 3 assisted to take PW 1 to the Hospital. PW 2 also recalled that immediately, they went to arrest the appellant in his house.
6. The Clinical Officer (PW 5) produced the Post Rape Case Form and the P3 Form which confirmed that PW 1 was brought to Nyamache Sub County Hospital for examination and treatment on 13th November 2017. She had muddy clothes and her labia majora was swollen.The high vaginal swab revealed pus cells. PW 1 also had a painful neck, back and upper limbs. PW 5 concluded that there was penetration.
7. In his unsworn defence, the appellant denied the charges. He stated that had been informed on 9th November 2011 by a mob which included PW 2 that he was required to discuss a matte whereupon they took him to the Assistant Chief. He was arrested and taken to Nyamache Police Station. He was later taken for treatment and brought to the police station and informed of the charges against him. He alleged that he was being framed over a land dispute as his father had died and PW 2 was demanding that he sell the family land to him.
8. I have re-evaluated the evidence as required of the first appellate court and I am satisfied that PW 1 was raped. Her testimony was direct and straightforward and unshaken on cross examination. The appellant was not a stranger to her as he was her nephew and the incident took place early in the morning in broad daylight. Although her testimony is not required to be corroborated, it was indeed corroborated by the testimony of PW 2 and PW 3 who found PW 1 in a state of distress. PW 3 arrested the appellant immediately as he was well known. Finally, the medical evidence by PW 5 confirmed penetration and physical assault by way of strangulation consistent with what PW 1 had described happened to her.
9. The appellant’s defence was buried by the entirety of the prosecution evidence. When the issue of the grudge was put to PW 2, he denied it. It is also difficult to see how PW 1 and the other witnesses could have been ensnared in a criminal conspiracy to implicate the appellant.
10. I am satisfied the prosecution proved that PW 1 did not consent to penetration. I affirm the conviction.
11. That the investigating officer was not called to give evidence was not fatal to the prosecution case as there was sufficient and direct evidence to implicate the appellant. The investigating officer would only come and give a summary of the investigation and nothing emerged from the evidence that would require the investigating officer to answer or which would raise doubt in favour of the appellant.
12. The conviction is affirmed but the sentence is reduced to ten (10) years imprisonment which is the statutory minimum under section 3(3)of the Act.
13. Save for the sentence aforesaid, I dismiss the appeal.
Dated and delivered at Kisii this 30thday of November 2018.
D.S MAJANJA
JUDGE
Mr. Otieno, Senior Prosecution Counsel, instructed by Office of Director of Prosecutions.
Appellant in person.