[1998] KEHC 151 (KLR)
The court found that the identification evidence presented by the prosecution was insufficient to support the convictions. The complainants did not explain how they identified the appellants under the prevailing conditions, which were not conducive to positive identification as the robbery occurred at 7 p.m. in the...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [1998] KEHC 151 (KLR)
- Parties
- Appellant: John Njoroge Njehia; Appellant: Peter Chege Kahenya; Appellant: Peter Irungu Wachira; Respondent: Republic
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Nairobi (Milimani Law Courts)
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- ? 468 of 1997
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Appeal / Judgment
- Outcome
- appeal allowed; convictions quashed; sentences set aside
- Legal Topics
- Robbery With Violence, Identification Evidence, Burden of Proof
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
John Njoroge Njehia
Appellant
Peter Chege Kahenya
Appellant
Peter Irungu Wachira
Appellant
Republic
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Appeal / Judgment
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the identification of the appellants as the robbers was positive and reliable under the prevailing circumstances.
- 2 Whether the convictions could be sustained in the absence of clear evidence on identification.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that the identification evidence presented by the prosecution was insufficient to support the convictions. The complainants did not explain how they identified the appellants under the prevailing conditions, which were not conducive to positive identification as the robbery occurred at 7 p.m. in the dark. The learned state counsel conceded that the circumstances did not allow for reliable identification. As a result, the court held that the convictions could not be safely supported and allowed the appeals, quashing the convictions and setting aside the sentences.
Court Disposition
appeal allowed; convictions quashed; sentences set aside
Orders
- The convictions of the appellants are quashed.
- The sentences are set aside.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
29 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 468 of 1997
(From Original Conviction and Sentence in Criminal Case No. 20623 of 1995 of the Principal Magistrate’s Court at Makadara: M.M. Muya Esq.)
JOHN NJOROGE NJEHIA...................................................APPELLANT - Versus- REPUBLIC........................................................................RESPONDENT
(CONSOLIDATED WITH) CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 568 OF 1998
(From Original Conviction and Sentence in Criminal Case No. 20623 of 1995 of the Principal Magistrate’s Court at Makadara: M.M. Muya Esq.)
PETER CHEGE KAHENYA............................................APPELLANT -Versus- REPUBLIC......................................................................RESPONDENT
(CONSOLIDATED WITH) CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 1220 OF 1996
(From Original Conviction and Sentence in Criminal Case No. 20623 of 1995 of the Principal Magistrate’s Court at Makadara: M.M. Muya Esq.)
PETER IRUNGU WACHIRA...............................................APPELLANT -Versus- REPUBLIC.......................................................................RESPONDENT
Coram: Osiemo J.
Appellant 1 - CRA No. 1220/96 - In person - present
Appellant 2 - CRA No. 468/97 Mr. Kanyi
Appellant 3 - CRA No. 568 -
Respondent - Mrs. Oduor for the State
Mr. Onduma - Court Clerk
JUDGEMENT
The appeals No. 1120 of 1996, 568 of 1998 and No. 468 of 1997 were consolidated.
The appellants were charged with robbery with violence contrary to Section 296 (2) of the Penal Code. They were convicted with a lesser charge under Section 296 (1) of the Penal Code and were sentenced to 7 years imprisonment with 8 strokes corporal punishment.
They appeal to this court against both the convictions and sentences. The issue on appeal is identification under circumstances which were not conducive for positive identification.
The complainants PW1 and PW2 were travelling in a motor vehicle registration number KPM 958 along Kariobangi Terminus. This was about 7 p.m. in the evening. On reaching Outering junction they stopped to give way to another motor vehicle. Three people emerged. One was armed with a pistol, and another with a knife. They entered their vehicle and the 3rd man asked for the keys of the vehicle and started driving away.
They ordered PW1 and PW2 to sit at the rear. Those robbers dropped PW1 and PW2 near the Chief’s camp. They robbed them of the motor vehicle and other valuables including cash Sh.4,000/- PW1 and PW2 walked to the nearly chief’s camp and reported to the Administration Police about the robbery. PW3 who received the report at the camp accompanied them to search of the robbers.
Later PW3 received a report that there was a man at the bus stage who was harassing members of the public. he proceeded there with PW1 and PW2. When the appellant 1 saw them he started running away but was chased and arrested. He said he was with 2 others and led them to a changaa den where the appellant 2 and another were arrested. The appellants denied any involvement in the alleged robbery and the appeal dwelt on identification arguing that the alleged robbery took place at 7 p.m. under circumstances which were not favourable for positive identification.
The complainants did not state in their evidence how they managed to identify the robbers.
The learned state counsel concedes to the appeals submitting that the circumstances were not favourable for positive identification and the complainants did not state how they managed to identify the appellants as at the time the alleged robbery took place it was dark.
The convictions cannot safely be supported and therefore the appeals are allowed.
The convictions of the appellants are quashed, sentences set aside and the appellants are ordered to be set at liberty forthwith, unless held for any other lawful cause.
Dated and delivered at Nairobi this 21st day of May, 1998.
J.L.A. OSIEMO
JUDGE