[2012] KEHC 5645 (KLR)
The court held that the plaintiff's application to amend the plaint to substitute The Nairobi Star Publications Limited as defendant was fundamentally flawed. First, the plaintiff failed to specifically seek leave to substitute a party as required by Order 1, rule 10(2) and (4) of the Civil Procedure Rules; an order...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2012] KEHC 5645 (KLR)
- Parties
- Plaintiff: Joshua Kulei; Defendant: Radio Africa (Kenya) Limited (t/a The Star)
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Nairobi (Milimani Law Courts)
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Civil Case 490 of 2010
- Procedural Posture
- Civil Case / Ruling on Application to Amend Plaint and Substitute Defendant
- Outcome
- Application to amend plaint and substitute defendant dismissed; suit struck out.
- Judges
- DW Mbuteti
- Legal Topics
- Defamation, Limitation Periods, Misjoinder of Parties
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Joshua Kulei
Plaintiff
Radio Africa (Kenya) Limited (t/a The Star)
Defendant
Procedural Posture
Civil Case / Ruling on Application to Amend Plaint and Substitute Defendant
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the plaintiff can substitute a new defendant after the statutory limitation period for defamation has lapsed.
- 2 Whether leave to amend a plaint is sufficient to substitute a party under the Civil Procedure Rules.
- 3 Whether the court has jurisdiction to extend the limitation period for defamation suits.
Ratio Decidendi
The court held that the plaintiff's application to amend the plaint to substitute The Nairobi Star Publications Limited as defendant was fundamentally flawed. First, the plaintiff failed to specifically seek leave to substitute a party as required by Order 1, rule 10(2) and (4) of the Civil Procedure Rules; an order for amendment alone is insufficient for substitution. Second, the cause of action for defamation arose on 25th January 2010, and the application to substitute was made after the 12-month statutory limitation period prescribed by section 4(2) of the Limitation of Actions Act. The court found it had no jurisdiction to extend or ignore this limitation period for defamation suits....
Court Disposition
Application to amend plaint and substitute defendant dismissed; suit struck out.
Orders
- The application by notice of motion dated 16th November 2011 is dismissed with no order as to costs.
- The suit is struck out as there is no proper defendant.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
28 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT NAIROBI
CIVIL DIVISION
CIVIL CASE NO. 490 OF 2010
JOSHUA KULEI …………..…………….…..………..........…....PLAINTIFF
VERSUS
RADIO AFRICA (KENYA) LIMITED(t/a The Star)…………DEFENDANT
R U L I N G
1. This suit is based on the tort of defamation. It was filed by the Plaintiff against a defendant called RADIO AFRICA (KENYA) LIMITED (t/a The Star).
2. The Defendant entered appearance and filed defence dated 15th December 2010. It pleaded, inter alia, that it was not the printer and publisher of any daily newspaper The Star, and that it does not trade as The Star. It gave notice that it would apply for the suit to be struck out for disclosing no reasonable cause of action against it.
3. The cause of action was founded upon words published on 25th January 2010 in The Star newspaper which were alleged to be defamatory of the Plaintiff.
4. The Defendant then applied by notice of motion dated 10th October 2011 for the suit to be struck out, principally for mis-joinder of a party (the Defendant). The Plaintiff then applied by notice of motion dated 16th November 2011 for leave to amend the plaint. The amendment sought was to substitute The Nairobi Star Publications Limited as defendant in place of Radio Africa (Kenya) Limited(t/a The Star).
5. When the Defendant’s application to strike out the suit came up for hearing on 24th January 2012, the Plaintiff conceded that the Defendant was mis-joined and the following consent order was entered –
“By consent the present Defendant, RADIO AFRICA (KENYA) LIMITED be and is hereby struck out from this suit with costs to the Defendant.”
6. The Plaintiff’s application for amendment of the plaint came up for hearing on 13th March 2012. It is the subject of this ruling.
7. The Nairobi Star Publications Limited was duly served with the application. It did not file any papers in response to the same. Nor was there any appearance for it at the hearing.
8. That notwithstanding, as already noted, the only amendment sought is to substitute another person in place of the original Defendant who was non-suited. No particular leave to substitute the party has been sought under Order 1, rule 10 (2) and (4) of the Rules, as should have been done. Those sub-rules provide –
“10. (2) The court may at any stage of the proceedings, either upon or without the application of either party, and on such terms as may appear to the court to be just, order that the name of any party improperly joined, whether as plaintiff or defendant, be struck out, and that the name of any person who ought to have been joined, whether as plaintiff or defendant, or whose presence before the court may be necessary in order to enable the court effectually and completely to adjudicate upon and settle all questions involved in the suit, be added.
(4) Where a defendant is added or substituted, the plaint shall, unless the court otherwise directs, be amended in such manner as may be necessary, and amended copies of the summons and of the plaint shall be served on the new defendant and, if the court thinks fit, on the original defendants.”
9. An order for amendment of a pleading is thus not sufficient to substitute a party. Leave to amend is not leave to substitute a party! Amendment of the plaint is consequential upon leave to add or substitute a defendant being made.
10. There is another problem. Suits founded on defamation are barred by statue after 12 months from the date when the cause of action arose. See section 4(2) of the Limitation of Actions Act, Cap 22. I cannot find in that statue any jurisdiction donated to court to extend this period of limitation for suits founded on defamation.
12. The cause of action as pleaded in the plaint arose on 25th January 2010. Permitting substitution of The Nairobi Star Publications Limitedas defendant would be to permit that person to be sued for defamation outside the statutory period of limitation. The court has no jurisdiction or discretion to ignore the law.
13. In the circumstances I must refuse the application by notice of motion dated 16th November 2011. It is hereby dismissed with no order as to costs.
14. As no proper suit can be in place without a defendant, the suit is struck out. It is so ordered.
DATED AT NAIROBI THIS 22ND DAY OF MARCH 2012
H.P.G. WAWERU
JUDGE
DELIVERED AT NAIROBI THIS 23RD DAY OF MARCH 2012