[2023] KEHC 1136 (KLR)
The court found that the applicant's mitigating factors, including his age and status as a first offender, were expressly considered by the trial magistrate at sentencing and by the appellate court. The trial court exercised its discretion within the law, imposing a sentence above the statutory minimum due to...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2023] KEHC 1136 (KLR)
- Parties
- Applicant: Peter Munyao Makosi; Respondent: Republic
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Mombasa
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Miscellaneous Criminal Application E094 of 2022
- Procedural Posture
- Miscellaneous Criminal Application / Ruling on Sentence Review Application
- Outcome
- application dismissed
- Judges
- A. Ong’injo
- Legal Topics
- Defilement, Sentencing Discretion, Mitigation Factors, Sexual Offences Act, Incest, Appeal Review
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Peter Munyao Makosi
Applicant
Republic
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Miscellaneous Criminal Application / Ruling on Sentence Review Application
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the applicant's mitigating factors were adequately considered during sentencing.
- 2 Whether the sentence imposed was lawful and appropriate under section 8(4) of the Sexual Offences Act.
- 3 Whether the court has jurisdiction to review the sentence after mitigation was already considered.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that the applicant's mitigating factors, including his age and status as a first offender, were expressly considered by the trial magistrate at sentencing and by the appellate court. The trial court exercised its discretion within the law, imposing a sentence above the statutory minimum due to aggravating circumstances, including the applicant's relationship to the victim and the gravity of the offence. Since both the trial and appellate courts had already considered mitigation, there was no legal basis for further review. The application for sentence review was therefore dismissed for lack of merit.
Court Disposition
application dismissed
Orders
- The application for sentence review is dismissed.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
28 paragraphs
Makosi v Republic (Miscellaneous Criminal Application E094 of 2022) [2023] KEHC 1136 (KLR) (10 February 2023) (Ruling)
Neutral citation: [2023] KEHC 1136 (KLR)
Republic of Kenya
In the High Court at Mombasa
Miscellaneous Criminal Application E094 of 2022
A. Ong’injo, J
February 10, 2023
Between
Peter Munyao Makosi
Applicant
and
Republic
Respondent
(criminal appeal No 4 of 2019 Criminal Appeal 4 of 2019 )
Ruling
1. The applicant was convicted for the offence of defilement contrary to section 8 (1) as read with section 8 (4) of the Sexual Offences Act No 3 of 2006 in Kwale Chief Magistrate’s Court Sexual Offence Case No 86 of 2017 and sentenced to serve 30 years imprisonment.
2. The particulars of the offence are that on diverse dates between the year 2016 and March 20, 2017 in Mivumoni Location of Kwale county within coast region unlawfully and intentionally committed an act which caused his penis to penetrate the vagina of MM a girl aged 15 years.
3. Aggrieved by the conviction and sentence of the trial court, he lodged an appeal in Mombasa High Court criminal appealNo 4 of 2019 where the court found no merit in the appeal and dismissed it.
4. Through an application filed in court on June 9, 2022 brought under section 216, 329, 354, 362 of the Criminal Procedure Code, section 8 (1) as read with 8 (4) of the Sexual Offences Act, articles 25 (a) and (c) of the Constitution of Kenya, and the Sentencing Policy Guidelines in the Republic of Kenya, the applicant prayed that due consideration is given to the mitigation factors in the application and his sentence reviewed accordingly.
5. The mitigating factors outlined by the applicant include favourable progressive report by the prison administration commending his character and conduct, that he is a first offender, that he is 63 years old and of good conduct, and that his siblings depend on him.
6. The applicant laid emphasis on section 8 (4) of the Sexual Offences Act which states that a person who commits an offence of defilement with a minor between the age of 15 to 17 years shall be liable to imprisonment of not less than 15 years. The applicant stated that the provision is construed to be couched in mandatory terms leaving the trial magistrate without any discretion to determine whether any other penalty can be imposed in lieuof the 15 years imprisonment.
7. The applicant relied on the holding in the cases of D.W.M v Rep (2016) eKLR, Opoya v Uganda (1967) EA 752 at page 754, Kichanjele s/o Ndamungu v Republic(1914) EA CA 64 where it was held that the words ‘shall be liable to’ are not mandatory but provide a maximum sentence only and while the liability exists, the court might not see fit to impose it. Swabir Bukhet Labhed v Republic, CA CRApp No 52 of 2018 and Fred Michael Bwayo v Republic (2009) eKLR.
8. Upon perusal of the proceedings, this court finds that the applicant’s mitigating factors of his age and being a first offender were considered by the trial magistrate during sentencing as follows: -“The accused is 58 years old. He is just what the Sexual Offences Act was intended for to rid this crime of sex pests and pedophiles. I find that because of his age and he being a first offender but also considering that he took advantage of a very young girl who was at school and who for all intents and purposes was a relative. I jail him for 30 years.”
9. In the High Court Criminal Appeal, Nyakundi, J. stated that the trial magistrate when sentencing the appellant took into consideration the aggravating and mitigating factors.
10. Although the applicant relied on the holding inPhilip Mueke Maingi & 5 others v Republic, Const Pet No E017 of 2021, the trial court had already exercised discretion in sentencing after considering his mitigation. The applicant did not only defile and impregnate the minor, but he also committed incest because he knew that the minor was his son’s daughter.
11. Applications such as the one that is before this court can only be considered where mitigation was not considered by the trial court or in the appellate court. The applicant already had his mitigation considered and based on the circumstances of the case, the trial magistrate passed a sentence which was found to be lawful by the High Court in criminal appealNo 4 of 2018.
12. The application does not have merit and is dismissed.
DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED IN OPEN COURT/ONLINE THROUGH MS TEAMS, THIS 10TH DAY OF FEBRUARY 2023HON. LADY JUSTICE A. ONG’INJOJUDGEIn the presence of:-Ogwel- Court AssistantMr. Ngiri for the RespondentApplicant present in personHON. LADY JUSTICE A. ONG’INJOJUDGE