[2023] KEHC 2953 (KLR)
The court found that the statutory provisions allowing for detention at the President's pleasure, specifically section 166 of the Criminal Procedure Code and section 25(3) of the Penal Code, are unconstitutional as they violate the right to a fair trial, the prohibition against cruel, inhuman, and degrading...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2023] KEHC 2953 (KLR)
- Parties
- Applicant: Isaac M'Marigu M'Imunya; Respondent: Director of Public Prosecution
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Meru
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Petition E001 of 2023
- Procedural Posture
- Constitutional Petition / Judgment
- Outcome
- Petition allowed. Orders granted for mitigation and sentencing.
- Judges
- TW Cherere
- Legal Topics
- Indeterminate Sentences, President Pleasure Detention, Mental Health and Criminal Liability, Judicial Independence
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Isaac M'Marigu M'Imunya
Applicant
Director of Public Prosecution
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Constitutional Petition / Judgment
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether detention at the President's pleasure under section 166 of the Criminal Procedure Code is constitutional.
- 2 Whether section 25(3) of the Penal Code, which donates judicial power to the President, offends the Constitution.
- 3 Whether the petitioner, previously found guilty but insane, should be allowed to mitigate and receive a determinate sentence.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that the statutory provisions allowing for detention at the President's pleasure, specifically section 166 of the Criminal Procedure Code and section 25(3) of the Penal Code, are unconstitutional as they violate the right to a fair trial, the prohibition against cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment, and the principle of judicial independence. The administration of justice, including sentencing, is a function reserved for the judiciary, and any delegation of this power to the executive is inconsistent with the Constitution. The petitioner, having been found to be of sound mind, is entitled to mitigation and sentencing by the court, rather than continued indeterminate...
Court Disposition
Petition allowed. Orders granted for mitigation and sentencing.
Orders
- Petitioner to be afforded an opportunity to mitigate before sentence.
- Deputy Registrar to assign counsel to represent the petitioner for mitigation and sentence.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
25 paragraphs
M'Imunya v Director of Public Prosecution (Petition E001 of 2023) [2023] KEHC 2953 (KLR) (30 March 2023) (Judgment)
Neutral citation: [2023] KEHC 2953 (KLR)
Republic of Kenya
In the High Court at Meru
Petition E001 of 2023
TW Cherere, J
March 30, 2023
Between
Isaac M'Marigu M'Imunya
Petitioner
and
Director of Public Prosecution
Respondent
Judgment
1. Petitioner was arrested on August 7, 1998 and was on September 7, 1998 arraigned Meru in Criminal Case No 17 of 1999 for the offence of murder contrary to section 203 as read with Section 204 of the Penal Code.
2. By a judgment in delivered on February 13, 2007, Petitioner was found guilty but insane and the court under the powers donated by Section 166 (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code directed that he be held at the President’s Pleasure.
3. By Petition dated December 30, 2022 filed on January 3, 2023, Petitioner states that he is of sound mind and seeks to be allowed to mitigate so that he vcan be sentenced to a determinate sentence. Ms Rita for the prosecution did not oppose the application.
4. Numerous court decisions have cast doubt on the constitutionality of indeterminate sentence on an accused at the instance of an authority other than the courts. For example, inRepublic V SOM, Kisumu High Court Criminal Case No 6 of 2011 parts of the provisions of section 166 of the Criminal Procedure Code were declared unconstitutional on the basis of a finding the indeterminate sentence under section 166 of the Criminal Procedure Code is cruel and inhuman. In AOO and 6 Others v Attorney General and Another NRB Petition No 570 of 2015 [2017] eKLR, the court held that the provisions of the Penal Code where a child found guilty of murder is held at the pleasure of the President is unconstitutional as it violates the right to a fair trial under the Constitution.
5. In Hussan Hussein Yusuf v Republic Meru High Court Criminal Appeal No 59 of 2014 [2016] eKLR, the court held that section 167(1) of the CPC which directs that a person suffering from mental disability and is unable to understand the proceedings is to be detained at the pleasure of the President is unconstitutional as it violates Articles 25 and 29 of the Constitution that prohibit cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. In Joseph Melikino Katuta v Republic, Voi HC Criminal Appeal No 12 of 2016 [2016] eKLR, the court emphasized the point that keeping a mentally ill person in prison for an indeterminate period of time is cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment contrary to Articles 25 and 29 of the Constitution.
6. From the foregoing, I also find that section 25 (3) of the Penal Code which donates judicial power to the President is unconstitutional and offends article 160 (1) of the Constitution and that the administration of justice, a process that entails arraignment of an accused person to court up to sentencing is a function of the judiciary.
7. Consequently, I find that the Petition is merited. A medical report dated March 21, 2023 reveals that Petitioner is in a normal state of mind.
8. The Petitioner shall therefore be afforded an opportunity to mitigate before sentence.
9. In the meantime, the Deputy Registrar of this court is directed to assign counsel to represet the Petitioner for purposes of mitigation and sentence.
10. This matter is fixed for mitigation and sentence on April 26, 2023
DELIVERED AT MERU THIS 30th DAY OF March2023WAMAE.T. W. CHEREREJUDGECourt Assistant - KinotiPetitioner - Present in personFor the State - Ms. RitaPage 2 of 2