[2024] KEHC 456 (KLR)

Ondimu t/a Victorian Academy v Kiambi (Suing as the legal representative of Lonah Gacheri - Deceased) (Civil Appeal E091 of 2022) [2024] KEHC 456 (KLR) (23 January 2024) (Judgment)

Neutral citation: [2024] KEHC 456 (KLR)

Republic of Kenya

In the High Court at Meru

Civil Appeal E091 of 2022

EM Muriithi, J

January 23, 2024

Between

Tomson Onkendi Ondimu t/a Victorian Academy

Appellant

and

Samwel Kirimi Kiambi (Suing As The Legal Representative Of Lonah Gacheri - Deceased)

Respondent

(Being an appeal from the Judgment of Hon. Tito Gesora (CM) delivered on 14/6/2022 in Maua CMCC No. 185 of 2016)

Judgment

1. The Respondent herein, the Plaintiff in the trial court, sued the Appellant vide an amended plaint dated 6/6/2018 seeking General damages under both the Law Reform Act and the Fatal Accidents Act, special damages and costs of the suit plus interests. The Respondent pleaded that on or about 10/8/2016, the deceased, who was a pupil at the Appellant’s school, was a lawful passenger aboard motor vehicle Registration No. KAY 260 X Isuzu Bus along Galleria-Langata road when the Appellant’s agent so negligently, recklessly and carelessly drove, controlled and managed it that it veered off the road and crashed, thus occasioning the deceased fatal injuries.

2. The Appellant denied the claim through his statement of defence dated 20/1/2017, and prayed for its dismissal with costs.

3. Upon full hearing, the trial court found the Appellant to have been 100% liable for the accident and awarded a global sum of Ksh. 1,500,000 for lost years, Ksh. 120,000 for loss of expectation of life, Ksh. 50,000 for pain and suffering and Special damages of Ksh. 142,850 = Ksh. 1,812,850 together with costs and interest.

The Appeal 4. On appeal, the Appellant vide his memorandum of appeal filed on 20/7/2022 set out 7 grounds of appeal as follows:1. The Learned Magistrate erred in law and fact in apportioning liability at 100% in favour of the Respondent as against the Appellant, Kshs. 50,000/= for pain and suffering, Kshs. 120,000/= for loss of expectation of life, Kshs. 1,500,000/= for loss of dependency, Special damaged Ksh 142,850 which amount was exorbitantly high in the circumstances and injuries suffered by the respondent.2. The Learned Magistrate erred in law and fact in finding that the Respondent was entitled to Ksh. 1,812,850/= under the Fatal Accident Act as the same was too high in view of the evidence tendered and thus the sum awarded was too high and the same is not justified.3. The Learned Magistrate erred in law and fact in holding that the Respondent had proved his case on a balance of probabilities which finding was against the height of the evidence on record.4. The learned magistrate erred in law and fact when he failed to consider the appellant’s evidence on points of law and facts with regard to quantum based on the injuries sustained by the respondent.5. The learned magistrate’s decision was unjust, against the weight of evidence and was based on misguided points of fact and wrong principles of law and has occasioned a miscarriage of justice.6. The learned magistrate erred in law and fact in failing to pay regard to submissions and decisions filed alongside the defendant’s submissions that were guiding in the amount of quantum that is appropriate and applicable on similar injuries as the case he was deciding.7. The learned magistrate erred in law and fact in finding that the Respondent was entitled to general damages that were too high in view of the injuries suffered by the Plaintiff.

Duty of the Court 5. This being a first appeal, this court is required to consider the evidence adduced, evaluate it and draw its own conclusions bearing in mind that it did not hear and see the witnesses who testified.(See Selle & Another v Associated Motor Boat Company Ltd & Others [1968] EA 123).

Evidence 6. PW1, Samwel Kirimi Kiambi, the Respondent herein adopted his witness statement dated 28/12/2016 as his evidence in chief together with the list of documents filed therewith as exhibits 1 to 7. He further testified that, “My daughter was 14 years of age. She was in class. She died in hospital. I saw her before she died. She died at about 4 p.m. the accident was at 12 p.m. we had high expectations for her. We seek damages and costs.”

7. The Appellant and his counsel were absent, with notice, when PW1 testified, and therefore, there was no cross examination.

Submissions 8. The Appellant urges that since the deceased did not suffer for long before succumbing to her injuries, a sum of Ksh. 10,000 would be adequate, and cites Francis Odhiambo Nyunja & 2 others v Josephine Malala Owinyi (Suing as the legal administrator of the estate of Kevin Osore Rapando (Deceased) [2020] eKLR. He urges the court to substitute the award of Ksh.120,000 for loss of expectation with a sum of Ksh.100,000 and cites Kenya Red Cross v IDS (Suing as the Legal Representative of the Estate of MDR (Deceased) [2020] eKLR. He urges the court to substitute the award of Ksh.1,500,000 for loss of dependency with a sum of Ksh. 400,000, and cites Civiscope Limited v Gilbert Kimatare Nairi & Lilian Napudoi Nairi (Suing as Personal Representatives of the Estate of Gilbert Nairi Lemayian (Deceased) [2021] eKLR, GKN & another (suing as Personal Representatives of the Estate of GNL (Deceased) v Civiscope Limited [2021] eKLR and Kwamboka Grace v Mary Kimuma [2017] eKLR. He urges the court to set aside the award of Ksh. 142,000 for special damages as the same was never pleaded and allow the appeal with costs.

9. The Respondent urges that the award of Ksh. 50,000 for pain and suffering was not excessive in view of excruciating pain the deceased underwent before she died, and cites Adan Abdi Noor (Deceased) v Sigma Feeds 92012) eKLR and Nelson N. Kioko & Others v Mombasa Liners & Another [2012] eKLR. He applauds the court for awarding Ksh. 120,000 for loss of expectation of life and Ksh.1,500,000 for loss of dependency because of the manner in which the deceased’s bright future was abruptly cut short by the Appellant’s negligence, and cites Daniel Mwangi Kimemia & 2 Others v J.G.M & Another [2016] eKLR, Suluenta Kennedy Sita & another v Jeremiah Ruto (suing as legal representative of the Estate of Joyce Jepkemboi) [2017] eKLR, Grace Kanini v Kenya Bus Services Nairobi HCCC No. 4708/1989, Kenya Breweries Limited v Saro [1991] eKLR, Sheikh Mushaq v Nathan Mwangi Kamau Transporters & 5 Others [1985-1986] 4KCA 217, DMM (Suing as the Administrator and Legal Representative of the Estate of LKM) v Stephen Johana Njue & Another [2016] eKLR and China National Aero-Technology International Engineering Corporation v RL (Suing as the legal representatives of the estate of the late SL) [2020] eKLR. He urges that he pleaded and proved the special damages of Ksh. 142,850 by production of receipts, and prays for the dismissal of the appeal with costs. On liability, he urges that since the deceased was a lawful passenger aboard the accident motor vehicle, she had no control over it in any way, and thus the apportionment of liability at 100% was justified. He cites Tabitha Nduhi Kinyua v Francis Mutua Mbuvi & Another (2014) eKLR and Peter Wambui Kinuthia & Another v S.S Mehta & Sons Limited [2015] eKLR. He prays for enhancement of the awards by the trial court to Ksh. 100,000 for pain and suffering, Ksh, 120,000 for loss of expectation of life, Ksh. 2,000,000 for loss of dependency and special damages of Ksh. 142,850.

Analysis and Determination 10. The issues for determination from the grounds of appeal are whether the apportionment of liability at 100% was proper; whether awards under the various heads were excessive and whether the Appellant’s submissions and authorities cited thereon were considered.

Liability 11. The evidence on record is that the deceased was travelling aboard the Appellant’s school bus when the accident happened. There is therefore nothing the deceased could have done to avoid and/or prevent the accident.

12. On the evidence before the trial court, this court finds that the Appellant was wholly to blame for the accident because he failed to exercise care and take reasonable steps to avoid the accident.

13. Excessive Damages 14. This court has previously considered the principles for appellate interference with an award of damages by a trial court in Crown Bus Services Ltd & 2 others v BM (Minor suing through his mother & Next Friend) SMA) [2020] eKLR as follows:

15. “The well-known principles for interference of an award of damages by a trial court are laid down by the Privy Council in Nance v British Columbia Electric Railway Co. Ltd. [1951] A.C. 601, 613 and applied in East Africa by Sir K. O’Çonnor (with whom Sir Alastair Forbes, V.-P. and Newbold, J.A. agreed) in Henry H. Ilanga v. M. Manyoka [1961] EA 705, 713 as follows: “The principles which apply under this head are not in doubt. Whether the assessment of damages be by a judge or a jury, the appellate court is justified in substituting a figure of its own for that awarded below simply because it would have awarded a different figure if it had tired the case at first instance. Even if the tribunal of first instance was a judge sitting alone, then before the appellate court can properly intervene, it must be satisfied either that the judge, in assessing the damages, applied a wrong principle of law (as taking inot some irrelevant factor or leaving out of account some relevant one); or, short of this, that the amount awarded is so inordinately low or so inordinately high that it must be a wholly erroneous estimate of the damage (Flint v Lovell, [1935] 1 K.B.), approved by the House of Lords in Davies v Powell Duffryn Associated Collieries Ltd. [1942] A.C. 601. ”

Loss of Dependency 16. The Respondent herein recorded in his statement dated 28/12/2016 which was adopted as evidence that, “That I was informed that the bus our children were travelling by had an accident and some children were injured but later came to hear that my daughter had passed away. She was in class 8 and aged 14 years. She was a bright child who aspired to be a pilot or engineer.”

17. This court finds that the Respondent proved on a balance of probabilities by uncontroverted evidence, that he reasonably expected that the deceased, who was undeniably a bright child, would support him in future.

18. This court accepts the Court of Appeal’s observation in Denshire Muteti Wambua v Kenya Power and Lighting Co. Ltd [2013] eKLR, that:“…monetary awards can never adequately compensate a litigant for what they have lost in terms of bodily function especially where this is permanent. But awards have to make sense and have to have regard to the context in which they are made. They cannot be too high or too low but they have to strike a chord of fairness.”

19. There is no doubt in this court’s mind that the deceased was indeed a bright pupil whose aspirations to become a doctor or an engineer in order to support her parents in the near future were brutally cut short. It is for that reason that this court upholds the trial court’s award of Ksh.1,500,000 for loss of dependency.

Loss of Expectation of Life 20. Whereas the conventional amount awardable under this head is Ksh. 100,000, courts must consider the peculiar circumstances of each case together with the inflation rate.

21. It is this court’s finding that the sum of Ksh. 120,000 for loss of expectation of life was reasonable.

Pain and suffering 22. This court notes the holding of the court (D.S Majanja J) in the case of Sukari Industries Limited v Clyde Machimbo Juma [2016] eKLR cited by the Appellant, that,“It is natural that any person who suffers injury as a result of an accident will suffer some form of pain. The pain may be brief and fleeting but it is nevertheless pain for which the deceased’s estate is entitled to compensation.”

23. The award of Ksh.50,000 was fair considering that the accident occurred at 1. 00 p.m and the deceased died later in the hospital at about 4 p.m, after prolonged suffering.

Special Damages 24. The special damages pleaded by the Respondent totalled to Ksh.137,850 being hospital fees of Ksh. 7,850, funeral expenses of Ksh. 100,000 and advocates fees for filling succession cause of Ksh.30,000 which corresponds with the receipts produced as exhibits. The award of special damages of Ksh. 142,850 was thus erroneous as it was not in tandem with the evidence adduced.

Consideration of the Appellant’s submissions and decisions 25. This fault is manifestly unfounded because the trial court duly considered the Appellant’s submissions and authorities when it opined that, “The defendant has suggested the global sum approach but says Kshs. 500,000/- will be sufficient. I agree that since value of dependency is determined by earnings when applying the multiplier method, it will not be appropriated in this case since the deceased had no income the global sum approach is better. There are varied awards by various courts and there’s no reason to reject one and accept the other. It largely falls to discretion.”

Orders 26. Accordingly, for the reasons set out above, this court finds the appeal to have partially succeeded and allows it to the extent only and in the following terms:1. The award of special damages of Ksh. 142,850 is hereby set aside and substituted with an award of Ksh. 137,850. 2.The rest of the Judgment of the trial court remains unaffected.

27. The Appellant shall have costs of the appeal.Order accordingly.

DATED AND DELIVERED THIS 23RD DAY OF JANUARY, 2024. EDWARD M. MURIITHIJUDGEAPPEARANCES:M/S Kimondo Gachoka & Co. Advocates for Appellant.M/S Gikonyo & Ngugi Advocates for the Respondent.