[2014] KEHC 960 (KLR)

PNO v Republic (Criminal Appeal 74 of 2013) [2014] KEHC 960 (KLR) (9 December 2014) (Judgment)

P N O v Republic [2014] eKLR

Neutral citation: [2014] KEHC 960 (KLR)

Republic of Kenya

In the High Court at Busia

Criminal Appeal 74 of 2013

F Tuiyott, J

December 9, 2014

Between

PNO

Appellant

and

Republic

Respondent

(An Appeal arising out of the judgment of I.T Maisiba SRM in BUSIA CMC.CR.C.1280 OF 2011 delivered on 10th December 2012)

A child who has attained the age of majority at the time of conviction is to be punished in accordance with the law on punishment of child offenders

The case dealt with the right of an accused person to demand for re-summoning and re-hearing of witnesses where there was a change of trial magistrate in the course of hearing of the case. The court further discussed the age that was to be considered during sentencing of a child who had attained the age of majority at the time of conviction.

Reported by Moses Rotich

Constitutional Law -Bill of Rights - rights of a child - the right of a child not to be detained except as a measure of last resort - where the appellant who was a minor at the time of commission of the offence was convicted of defilement and sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment - whether the sentence of 15 years’ imprisonment imposed on the appellant who was a child at the time of commission of the offence was lawful - Constitution of Kenya, 2010, article 53 (1) (f); Children Act, 2001, section 190 (1).Criminal Procedure- change of presiding magistrates - right to re-summon witnesses and to have them heard again after a succeeding magistrate was appointed to preside over the trial - effect of failure to accord an accused person the right to demand that witnesses that had been already been heard before the appointment of a succeeding magistrate be re-summoned and re-heard - Criminal Procedure Code, Cap 75, section 200(3).

Brief facts The appellant (a minor) was charged with the offence of defilement contrary to section 8(1) as read with section 8(4) of the Sexual Offences Act, No. 3 of 2006 (Sexual Offences Act). After trial, he was convicted of the offence of defilement and sentenced to a prison term of 15 years. Aggrieved by the decision of the trial court, the appellant filed an appeal against both conviction and sentence. It was the appellant’s case that the trial court failed to comply with the provisions of section 200(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code, Cap 75 Laws of Kenya (Criminal Procedure Code) in failing to re-summon and re-hear two prosecution witnesses who had testified before the change of magistrate.It was the appellant’s contention that his conviction and sentence by the second trial magistrate was vitiated by failure to comply with section 200 (3) of the Criminal Procedure Code.

Issues

Whether the trial and conviction of the appellant was vitiated by failure of the trial court to comply with the provisions of section 200 (3) of the Criminal Procedure Code which required a succeeding magistrate to inform the accused of his right to demand witnesses who had been heard by the previous magistrate to be re-summoned and re-heard.

Whether the sentence of 15 years’ imprisonment imposed on the appellant who was a child at the time of commission of the offence was lawful.

Held

A trial magistrate who saw and heard witnesses testify first hand was best placed to hear, gauge and assess the demeanor and credibility of witnesses. Where some witnesses had testified and for some reason there was a change of magistrate, section 200(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code gave the accused person a right to demand that any witness be re-summoned and re-heard by the succeeding magistrate. That provision was intended to ensure that the trial continued in a manner that did not prejudice the accused person and was for the protection of the accused person. Where the provisions of section 200(3) were not complied with, the resultant conviction was as vitiated as the trial itself.

It was apparent that at the time of the alleged commission of the offence, the appellant was a minor. However, the trial court after convicting the appellant, sentenced him to a prison term of 15 years. That sentence was unlawful. In considering the sentence to impose on a child offender who had attained the age of majority at the time of conviction, what was critical was the age of the offender at the time of the offence and not on the date of conviction.

There was no doubt that the appellant was alleged to have committed a serious crime. It seemed that he had suffered an unlawful jail term from December 10, 2012. That was sufficient atonement for any wrong he could have done. It would be unjust to put him through a retrial.

Appeal allowed.

Orders

The conviction and sentence of the lower court was set aside.

The appellant was set free unless detained for some other lawful cause.

Citations CasesKenya Abuya, Dennis v Republic Criminal Appeal 164 of 2009; [2010] KECA 382 (KLR) - (Explained)

Nabutola, Rebecca Mwikali v Republic Miscellaneous Criminal Appeal 445, 448 & 452 of 2012; [2012] KEHC 775 (KLR) - (Explained)

Regional CourtFatehali Manji v Republic [1966] EA 343 - (Explained)StatutesKenya Children Act (cap 141) section 190(1) - (Interpreted)

Criminal Procedure Code (cap 75) section 200(3) - (Interpreted)

Sexual Offences Act (cap 63A) section 8(1)(4)(7)- (Interpreted)

AdvocatesOwiti for the State

Judgment

1. In the course of the trial of PNO (the appellant) there was a change of Magistrates after two (2) of the six (6) prosecution witnesses had testified. The conviction and sentence that resulted from that trial faces challenge due to the non-compliance of the provisions of section 200(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code by the second trial Magistrate. That conviction was in respect to the offence of defilement contrary to section 8(1) as read with section 8(4) of the Sexual Offences Act (Act No 3 of 2006). The sentence imposed was imprisonment for a term of 15 years.

2. From the record, Hon MW Njagi heard the evidence of SA (PW1) and GAL(PW2) who were the first prosecution witnesses. For reasons which are not explained on the record, the magistrate did not complete the hearing of the case and as from April 2, 2012, a different Magistrate, Hon IT Maisiba heard the remaining four (4) witnesses and the appellant in his defence. This court has looked at both the typed and handwritten proceedings of the lower court record and finds no indication that Hon IT Masiba complied with the provisions of section 200(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code which are;"where a succeeding Magistrate commences the hearing of proceedings and part of the evidence has been recorded by his predecessor, the accused person may demand that any witness be re-summoned and reheard and the succeeding Magistrate shall inform the accused person of that right”.

3. Mr Owiti appearing for the state concedes that indeed there was no compliance with the provisions of section 200(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code. He however argued that the non-compliance should not affect the resultant conviction unless that non-compliance has caused prejudice to the accused. He then argued that the appellant has failed to show any prejudice he suffered as a result of the lapse by the succeeding Magistrate.

4. A trial Magistrate who sees and hears witnesses testify first hand is best placed to hear, gauge and assess the demeanour and credibility of witnesses. Where some witnesses have testified and for some reason there is a change of Magistrates, section 200(3) gives the accused person a right to demand that any witness be re-summoned and reheard by the succeeding Magistrate. Those provisions are intended to ensure that the trial continues in a manner that does not prejudice the accused person and is for the protection of the accused person. Where the provisions of section 200(3) are not complied with then the resultant conviction is as vitiated as the trial itself. In this regard this court is in agreement with the view of Mbogholi Msagha J in Rebecca Mwikali Nabutola v Republic [2012] eKLR who after considering various Court of Appeal decisions, rendered himself;"Having gone through the record and especially the issue raised relating to section 200(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code I subscribe to the following position. The requirement to comply with the provision thereof is mandatory. The record of the trial court must of necessity contain the fact that the trial court, in this case the succeeding Magistrate, has informed the accused person of the right to recall or rehear any witnesses. The reply by the accused person must also be placed on the record and the order relating thereto should be signed by the succeeding Magistrate. It is not enough for counsel to state that they have taken instructions because, as the Court of Appeal has said, the duty of the court is to the accused person and not the advocate. Short of that the trial is vitiated. With profound respect, the record before me falls short of that.” (my emphasis)For the reason that the trial was vitiated, the conviction and sentence of the lower court are hereby set aside.

5. The state counsel urged that in the event of the court setting aside the conviction then it should order a re-trial. Is this a suitable matter for re-trial? The Principles upon which a retrial can be ordered were restated in Fatehali Manji v Republic [1966] EA 343 as follows:-"They are the following: in general a retrial will be ordered only when the original trial was illegal or defective; it will not be ordered where the conviction is set aside because of insufficiency of evidence or for the purpose of enabling the prosecution to fill up gaps in its evidence at the first trial; even where a conviction is vitiated by a mistake of the trial court for which the prosecution is not to blame, it does not necessarily follow that a retrial should be ordered; each case must depend on its particular facts and circumstances and an order for retrial should only be made where the interests of justice require it and should not be ordered where it is likely to cause an injustice to the accused person”.The conviction herein has been vitiated by a mistake of the trial court for which the prosecution takes no blame. This court now looks to see whether a retrial is in the interests of justice and the impact of such an order on the rights of the accused.

6. In the course of hearing, the first trial Magistrate ordered for the age assessment of the accused person after noticing that he may be a minor. On 27/2/2012 ,the Magistrate observed;-“Age assessment report showing suspect age was assessed on 25/10/09 shows he is underage”This court has looked at the age assessment report which though not on the record of appeal is in the original file. The date of the report (25/20/2009) is obviously erroneous as it was prepared in compliance with the order of the court of 24/2/2012 and therefore cannot predate the order. But what is decisive is the content of that report which reads;-“This is to confirm I have today the February 24, 2012 examined PNO and found him to be below the age of Eighteen (18) years” (my emphasis)As of February 24, 2012, the appellant was a minor. That seems to find support in a P3 form prepared after the examination of the suspect on October 18, 2011. The examining Doctor put the age of the suspect at seventeen (17) years.

7. It would be apparent that as at time of the alleged commission of the offence, being October 18, 2011, the appellant was a minor. As earlier stated the trial court, after convicting the appellant, sentenced him to a prison term of 15 years. This sentence may very well be unlawful. In considering the sentence to impose on a child offender who has turned the age of majority at the time of conviction what is critical is the age of the offender at the time of the offence and not on the date of conviction. section 8(7) of The Sexual Offences Act provides:-“Where the person charged with an offence under this Act is below the age of eighteen years, the court may upon conviction, sentence the accused person in accordance with the provisions of the Borstal Institutions Act and the Children Act.”Commenting on the effect of those provisions vis-à-vis imprisonment of minors, The Court of Appeal in Dennis Abuya v Republic [2010] eKLR held,"Neither the trial magistrate, nor the learned Judge on first appeal dealt with the issue of the appellant’s age at the time he allegedly committed the offence. It may be that he was eighteen years at the relevant time; but it may equally be that he was below eighteen years at the time. We do not understand the provisions of the Sexual Offences Act to authorize the imprisonment of minors and we are unable, on the material record, to rule out the possibility that the appellant was under eighteen years on June 19, 2007 when the offence was alleged to have been committed. Section 8(7) of the Sexual Offences Act specifically provides that:- Where the person charged with an offence under this Act is below the age of eighteen years, the court may upon conviction, sentence the accused person in accordance with the provisions of the Borstal Institutions Act and the Children Act.The question of imprisoning a minor does not, therefore, arise under the provision of the Sexual Offences Act.”(my emphasis)Section 190(1) of The Children Act is explicit190(1)No child shall be ordered to imprisonment or to be placed in a detention camp.”

8. No doubt the appellant is alleged to have committed a serious crime. It would seem that he may have suffered an unlawful jail term from December 10, 2012 (24 months now). This may be sufficient atonement for any wrong he may have done. It would be an unjust to put him through a re-trial. For those reasons I hereby set the appellant free unless detained for some other lawful cause.

F. TUIYOTTJUDGEDATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED AT BUSIA THIS 9TH DAY OF DECEMBER 2014In The Presence Of:Kadenyi ……………………………………………………..court ClerkOwiti…………………………………………........................for StateAppellant Present In Person