[2005] KEHC 3386 (KLR)
The court found that the only evidence linking the accused to the death was an alleged dying declaration made to PW 3, which was not corroborated and was contradicted by other prosecution witnesses (PW 4 and PW 5). The court emphasized that dying declarations must be received with utmost caution, especially when...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2005] KEHC 3386 (KLR)
- Parties
- Respondent: Republic; Defendant: Abdi Abaloni Kilifo
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Malindi
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Criminal Case 8 of 2005
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Case / Ruling on Whether a Prima Facie Case Has Been Established at Close of Prosecution's Case
- Outcome
- acquittal
- Judges
- SP Ouko
- Legal Topics
- Murder, Dying Declaration, Prima Facie Case, Contradictory Evidence
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Republic
Respondent
Abdi Abaloni Kilifo
Defendant
Procedural Posture
Criminal Case / Ruling on Whether a Prima Facie Case Has Been Established at Close of Prosecution's Case
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the prosecution established a prima facie case against the accused to warrant putting him on his defence.
- 2 Whether the dying declaration by the deceased is reliable and sufficiently corroborated to link the accused to the offence.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that the only evidence linking the accused to the death was an alleged dying declaration made to PW 3, which was not corroborated and was contradicted by other prosecution witnesses (PW 4 and PW 5). The court emphasized that dying declarations must be received with utmost caution, especially when made in the absence of the accused and not subjected to cross-examination. In the absence of corroboration and in light of the contradictions in the prosecution's case, the court held that it would be unsafe to call upon the accused to make his defence. Consequently, the prosecution failed to establish a prima facie case against the accused, and he was acquitted under Section 306...
Court Disposition
acquittal
Orders
- The accused is acquitted and set free under Section 306 of the Criminal Procedure Code unless otherwise lawfully detained.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
37 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT MALINDI
CRIMINAL DIVISION
CRIMINAL CASE NO.8 OF 2005
REPUBLIC…………………………………...…………..PROSECUTOR
VERSUS
ABDI ABALONI KILIFO……...………………………………ACCUSED
RULING
The accused, Abdi Abaloni Kilifo is charged with murder contrary to Section 203 of read with section 204 of the Penal Code. The prosecution called 8 witnesses.
From the prosecution evidence the deceased went to PW 3’s home on 4th August 2004 at about 6 pm. He made his intention of the visit clear by declaring that he was waiting to talk to PW 2, who was at the true talking to the accused, her former husband. After waiting for sometime, the deceased bid PW 3 good night at about 7. 30 pm but promised that he would hang around until he had a chance also to talk to PW 2 (Halima Abdula). According to PW 2 the deceased visited their house on this fateful night at about 7 pm – presumably after bidding good night to PW 3. He remained at the house of PW 2 until about 8 pm when he left. Shortly after he left, PW 2 heard screams from outside. She did not got to confirm what had happened until the following day when she learnt that the deceased had been stabbed to death. PW 3 (Kuigi Charo) on hearing the screams rushed to the scene where he found a crowd and the deceased lying down with a knife stuck on the head. When he asked the deceased what had happened he answered that the person who was talking to PW 2 had stabbed him.
The deceased person’s screams attracted two brothers who were coming from church and also happened to belong to the same clan as the deceased – Cosmos Kazungu Dzombo (PW 4) and Maurice Katana Dzombo (PW5). According to the two when they got to where the deceased was lying with a knife on his head he was calling out for people from his clan – and thereafter he went into a coma and did not speak again.
Dr.Anold Obenjo (PW1) performed post-mortem examination on the body of the deceased. He observed a stab wound on the left temporal region which in his opinion was the cause of the death.
P.C.Daniel Otieno (PW 8) investigated the case. I have considered this evidence as well as submissions by the Counsel for the accused and state.
At this stage the prosecution is duty-bond to establish a prima facie case against the accused. That is the prosecution must adduce evidence which is strong enough to be able to base a conviction on if the accused choose to say nothing in defence. Is the evidence adduced by the 8 prosecution witnesses such evidence?
The only evidence linking the accused with the death of the deceased is an alleged dying declaration by the deceased to PW 3. PW 3 alleged than the deceased told him that the person who was standing with PW 2 had stabbed him. In PW 3’s view the only person who was standing with PW 2 was the accused. This evidence is sharply contradicted by that of PW 4 and PW 5.
PW 3 told the Court that he met PW 4 at the scene. Yet PW 4 did not hear the dying declaration in question.
Generally speaking dying declaration is evidence which must be received with utmost caution as it is made in the absence of the accused persons and not subjected to cross- examination.
In Aluta V. Republic (`985) KLR 543, it was held at page 5 & 7 this
“In every criminal trial a conviction can only be based on the weight of the actual evidence adduced……………… A trial judge should approach the evidence of a dying declaration with necessary circumspection. It is generally speaking very unsafe to base a conviction solely on the dying declaration of an deceased person made in the absence of an accused and not subjected to cross-examination, unless there is satisfactory corroboration”
I find no corroboration to the evidence of PW 3. It would be unsafe to call upon the accused to make his defence based on the contradictory prosecution evidence.
The accused is acquitted and set free under Section 306 of the Criminal Procedure Code forthwith unless for any lawful reason detained.
Dated and delivered this 28th day of July 2005 at Malindi.
W.OUKO
JUDGE
28. 7.2005
W.OUKO
JUDGE
Mr.Lughanje for accused.
Mr.Ogoti for the state
CC.Gladys.
Accused present
All assessors present.
W. OUKO
JUDGE
Court: pay assessors.
W.OUKO
JUDGE