[2011] KEHC 1481 (KLR)
The court held that while section 106A and 106B of the Evidence Act allow for the admissibility of electronic records such as a CD made from CCTV footage, such evidence is only admissible if accompanied by a certificate as required under section 106B(4). The certificate must be signed by a person occupying a...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2011] KEHC 1481 (KLR)
- Parties
- Applicant: Republic; Defendant: Barisa Wayu Mataguda
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Mombasa
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Criminal Case 6 of 2008
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Case / Ruling on Admissibility of Electronic Evidence
- Outcome
- Objection upheld; CD ruled inadmissible as evidence.
- Legal Topics
- Admissibility of Evidence, Electronic Evidence, Certificate Requirement, Cctv Footage
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Republic
Applicant
Barisa Wayu Mataguda
Defendant
Procedural Posture
Criminal Case / Ruling on Admissibility of Electronic Evidence
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether a CD made from CCTV footage is admissible as evidence without production of the original footage.
- 2 Whether the requirements of section 106B of the Evidence Act regarding electronic evidence have been satisfied.
Ratio Decidendi
The court held that while section 106A and 106B of the Evidence Act allow for the admissibility of electronic records such as a CD made from CCTV footage, such evidence is only admissible if accompanied by a certificate as required under section 106B(4). The certificate must be signed by a person occupying a responsible position in relation to the operation or management of the relevant device, in this case the CCTV camera. Since no such certificate was produced by PW11, and there was no evidence that PW4, the owner of the CCTV system, had certified the CD, the statutory requirements for admissibility were not met. Therefore, the CD was ruled inadmissible as evidence.
Court Disposition
Objection upheld; CD ruled inadmissible as evidence.
Orders
- The CD made from the CCTV footage is inadmissible as evidence in this case.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
28 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA
AT MOMBASA
CRIMINAL CASE NO. 6 OF 2008
REPUBLIC......................................................................PROSECUTOR
=VERSUS=
BARISA WAYU MATAGUDA.............................................ACCUSED
RULING
Mr. Kirui counsel for the accused person has objected to the production of a CD made from CCTV footage filmed at Karama Lodge by PW11 SERGEANT MICHAEL ODUOR of CID Mombasa. Mr. Kirui submits that the CD made from the CCTV footage is not admissible as evidence in this case. Mr. Ondari learned State Counsel submits that the CD tape is admissible as evidence under the Evidence Act.
PW11 in his evidence told the court that he made the CD tape from the CCTV footage from Karama Hotel which footage he viewed together with PW4 LYDIA KAGUNA JAPETH the owner of Karama Hotel. If this CCTV footage was available then it amounted to primary evidence and could very easily and simply have been produced as evidence by PW4. Court wonders why police had to complicate matters by making a CD tape out of the CCTV footage. It would have been far more logical to produce the CCTV footage in its raw form.
That having been said we are told that the CCTV footage was erased and now all that remain this CD tape made by PW11. A computer is defined in S. 1 of the KenyaCommunications Act 1998, as:
““Computer” means any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other high-speed data processing device or system which performs logical, arithmetic and memory functions by manipulations of electronic, magnetic or optical impulses and includes all input, output, processing, storage, software and communication facilities which are connected or related as a system or network;”
Whereas formerly the evidence Act did not specifically cover the question of the admissibility of such electronic evidence, following great advances in this field, the courts could not continue to ignore the great impact which modern technology plays in the world in all spheres upto and including the collection and storage of evidence. This led to the enactment of amendments to the Evidence Act which include S. 106A which provides that electronic records may be proved in court. The conditions upon which such electronic evidence would be admissible are legislated for by S. 106B of the same Act. S. 106B (1) provides as follows:
“106B(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, any information contained in an electronic record which is printed on a paper, stored, recorded or copied on optical or electro-magnetic media produced by a computer (herein referred to as computer output) shall be deemed to be also a document, if the conditions mentioned in this section are satisfied in relation to the information and computer in question and shall be admissible in any proceedings, without further proof or production of the original, as evidence of any contents of the original or of any fact stated therein where direct evidence would be admissible” [emphasis mine]
What this provision therefore means is that any information stored in a computer (such as a CCTV camera) which is then printed or copied to optical media (such as a CD) shall be treated just like documentary evidence and will be admissible as evidence without production of the original. Thus the CD made by PW11 is prima facie admissible evidence, without necessarily having to produce the original CCTV footage. However S. 106B also provides that such electronic evidence will onlybe admissible if the conditions laid out in that provision are satisfied. S. 106B(4) provides –
“106B(4) In any proceedings where it is desired to give a statement in evidence by virtue of this section, a certificate doing any of the following –
(a)identifying the electronic record containing the Statement and describing the manner in which it was produced
(b)………………………………..
(c)………………………………..
(d)Purporting to be signed by a person occupying a responsible position in relation to the operation of the relevant device or the management of the relevant activities (whichever is appropriate) shall be evidence of any matter stated in the certificate and for the purpose of this sub-section it shall be sufficient for a matter to be stated to the best of the knowledge of the person stating it
(5)……………………………………………”
This provision makes it abundantly clear that for electronic evidence to be deemed admissible it must be accompanied by a certificate in terms of S. 106B(4). PW11 did not mention any such certificate. Such a certificate must in terms of S. 106B(4) (d) be signed by a person holding a responsible position with respect to the management of the device (in this case the CCTV camera). As Mr. Kirui has pointed out such a person would be PW4 who would sign to certify the validity and correctness of the CCTV footage. Therefore for PW11 to attempt to produce the CD without such a certificate claiming that he watched the CCTV footage with PW4 will not suffice. Without the required certificate this CD is inadmissible as is inadmissible as evidence and I do so rule.
Dated and Delivered in Mombasa this 22nd day of July 2011.
M. ODERO
JUDGE
In the presence of:
Mr. Ngeno holding brief for Mr. Kirui
Mr. Onserio for State