[2011] KEHC 685 (KLR)
The court found that the prosecution failed to establish a prima facie case against the accused. No medical evidence was adduced to prove the cause of death, which is a critical element in a murder charge. The identification evidence provided by PW6 was unreliable due to poor lighting conditions and inconsistencies...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2011] KEHC 685 (KLR)
- Parties
- Applicant: Republic; Defendant: Hamisi Mohamed Mkali
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Mombasa
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Criminal Case 16 of 2006
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Case / Judgment
- Outcome
- acquittal
- Judges
- JV Juma
- Legal Topics
- Murder, Burden of Proof, Identification Evidence, Acquittal
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Republic
Applicant
Hamisi Mohamed Mkali
Defendant
Procedural Posture
Criminal Case / Judgment
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the prosecution proved beyond reasonable doubt that the accused murdered the deceased.
- 2 Whether the cause of death was established by medical evidence.
- 3 Whether the accused was properly identified as the perpetrator of the offence.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that the prosecution failed to establish a prima facie case against the accused. No medical evidence was adduced to prove the cause of death, which is a critical element in a murder charge. The identification evidence provided by PW6 was unreliable due to poor lighting conditions and inconsistencies regarding the suspect's appearance. No other witness placed the accused at the scene or linked him to the crime. The prosecution's case was based on suspicion rather than concrete evidence. Consequently, the court held that the accused was entitled to an acquittal under Section 306(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, as the evidence on record was insufficient to sustain a...
Court Disposition
acquittal
Orders
- The accused is acquitted under Section 306(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code.
- The accused is to be set at liberty unless otherwise lawfully held.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
23 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA
AT MOMBASA
CRIMINAL CASE NO. 16 OF 2006
REPUBLIC................................................................................PROSECUTION
=VERSUS=
HAMISI MOHAMED MKALI............................................................ACCUSED
JUDGEMENT
The accused HAMISI MOHAMED MKALI faces a charge of MURDER CONTRARY TO SECTION 203 as read with SECTION 204 OF THE PENAL CODE. The particulars of the charge were:
“On the night of 24th May 2006 at unknown time at Mahoro area Dzombo Location in Kwale District within Coast Province, jointly with others not before court murdered PETER IRUNGU NGURE”
The accused entered a plea of ‘not guilty’ to the charge and his trial commenced before Hon. Justice L.N. Njagi on 27th June 2007. He heard a total of three (3) witnesses Upon the transfer of the learned Judge to Nairobi I did take over the case and heard the remaining four (4) witnesses. On 17th November 2010 having realized that this trial began with the attendance of assessors who were dismissed mid-trial I did declare a mistrial and directed that the trial begin de novo. From that time and despite having been allowed several opportunities to avail their witnesses the State were not able to avail any witnesses for the re-trial. On 25th August 2011 the court allowed a last adjournment. Even then the State was still unable to avail any witness. The learned State Counsel had no option but to close his case without adducing any evidence in the re-trial. Certainly the accused person merits an acquittal
However in order to diminish any lingering doubts I will analyze the evidence adduced before the mistrial was declared.
As stated earlier the State called a total of 7 witnesses in support of their case. The brief facts were that the deceased left his home in Mombasa on 24th May 2006 in a hired vehicle heading to Shimba Hills for a business transaction. He never returned home. On 26th May 2006 the deceased’s wife GRACE WANJIRU GITHU PW1 was informed by police that her husband’s body had been found bundled inside the boot of the vehicle Registration No. KAT 164B which he had hired. PW1 went to Msambweni Police Station where she identified the body of her late husband.
In order to prove a charge of murder the prosecution is required to prove the cause of death of the deceased. In this case no medical evidence was adduced to prove the exact cause of death of the deceased. PW1 and other witnesses merely talked of having seen wounds on the head of the deceased. It may well be that it was these wounds which led to the death of the deceased but this element must be specifically proved. Failure to call in medical evidence on the cause of death is a fatal omission by the State.
Out of the 7 witnesses called to testify none was an eye witness who could testify as to how the deceased met his untimely death. The closest to an eye witness was PW6STEPHEN MUTISO who said that he discovered the body of the deceased in the car boot two days after the vehicle had been abandoned outside his compound. PW6 has no idea how the deceased met his death, who killed him, nor how the body ended up in the boot.
PW6 identified the accused as one of the persons whom he saw trying to push the motor vehicle registration No. KAT 164R which had stalled outside his gate. The time was 10. 00 p.m. It was dark. PW6 states that he was able to see and identify accused by way of the headlamps of the vehicle. PW6 does not describe how bright these lights were nor does he describe where accused was standing in relation to those lights. The headlamps of a vehicle will only illuminate persons in its direct path. PW6 was behind the vehicle helping to push it. He states that the accused stood infront of the vehicle. It is unlikely that PW6 would have had a clear and unfettered view of the suspect – remember PW6 was engaged in pushing the vehicle from behind. In the poor light such evidence of identification cannot be deemed free from error. Further PW6 told court that the man he saw on the night in question was light skinned. Yet he proceeds to identify accused who he admits is dark-skinned at the identification parade. If PW6 is sure that he saw a light-skinned man, then how does he identify accused a dark-skinned man as the suspect. This is a clear indicator that PW6 was not sure of whom he had seen.
No other witness places accused at the scene. The man who allegedly hired out this vehicle to the deceased was not called to confirm whether the deceased was in the company of the accused when he took the vehicle. In all respects the prosecution case is woefully inadequate. The accused was charged based on mere suspicion. There is no concrete evidence to link the accused to the death of the deceased. As such I find no prima facie case was shown and I enter a verdict of ‘not guilty’ and acquit the accused under S. 306(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code. The accused is to be set at liberty unless he is otherwise lawfully held.
Dated and Delivered in Mombasa this 24th day of November 2011.
M. ODERO
JUDGE
In the presence of:
Mr. Gichana for Accused
Mr. Onserio for State