[2009] KEHC 3914 (KLR)
The court found that the accused was detained for 37 days before being arraigned, exceeding the constitutional limit of fourteen days. The Republic failed to provide any explanation for this delay, despite being given adequate opportunity. Citing binding precedent from the Court of Appeal, the court held that an...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2009] KEHC 3914 (KLR)
- Parties
- Accused: Mohamed Ramadhani Mwagasambi; Respondent: Republic
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Mombasa
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Criminal Case 7 of 2006
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Case / Ruling on Preliminary Objection Before Commencement of Trial
- Outcome
- acquittal and immediate release of the accused
- Legal Topics
- Right to Fair Trial, Pre Trial Detention, Constitutional Rights Violation, Delay in Arraignment
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Mohamed Ramadhani Mwagasambi
Accused
Republic
Respondent
Procedural Posture
Criminal Case / Ruling on Preliminary Objection Before Commencement of Trial
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the accused's constitutional right to be arraigned in court within fourteen days of arrest was violated.
- 2 Whether the unexplained delay in arraignment renders the charge and prosecution null and void.
- 3 Whether the accused is entitled to an acquittal due to violation of constitutional rights.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that the accused was detained for 37 days before being arraigned, exceeding the constitutional limit of fourteen days. The Republic failed to provide any explanation for this delay, despite being given adequate opportunity. Citing binding precedent from the Court of Appeal, the court held that an unexplained violation of the accused's constitutional right to a fair trial, specifically the right to be arraigned within the prescribed period, renders the charge and prosecution null and void. The court declared the proceedings illegal and ordered the accused's acquittal and immediate release unless otherwise lawfully held.
Court Disposition
acquittal and immediate release of the accused
Orders
- The charge and prosecution of the accused are declared null and void.
- These proceedings shall not continue as they are founded on an illegality.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
28 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT MOMBASA
Criminal Case 7 of 2006
REPUBLIC………………………..………………….PROSECUTION
VERSUS
MOHAMED RAMADHANI……....…..…….……………….ACCUSED
RULING ON A PRELIMINARY OBJECTION
Mohamed Ramadhani Mwagasambi, the accused, was arraigned before the court on a charge of murder. Plea was taken before Njagi J, on 15th May 2006. For one reason or another, trial has failed to kick off. On 29th October 2008, the accused, through his counsel Mr. Kamoti, gave notice of Preliminary Objection in which it is contended that the accused’s fundamental rights to a fair trial have been breached. The notice is appurtenant to an Originating Notice of Motion filed on the same date in which the accused seeks that he be discharged and set at liberty on the basis that the charges facing him and the proceedings preferred against him are invalid, incompetent and unlawful as the same are a violation of Section 72 (3) and Section 77 (1) of the Constitution which requires that the accused be charged and or be arraigned in court within fourteen (14) days of his arrest so as to guarantee him a fair hearing within a reasonable time.
In the supporting affidavit sworn by the accused, it is deponed, inter alia,that the accused was arrested on 9th February 2006 while admitted in hospital and on his discharge, on 7th March 2006, he was taken to Kwale Police Station where he was kept in police cells till 12th April 2006 when he was taken to court for plea. It is further deponed that the accused was held in custody for a total of 37 days i.e. 23 days beyond the period he could have been lawfully held. In consequence thereof, the accused contends that his constitutional right to a fair trial within a reasonable time was violated and the charge leveled against him should be declared invalid, incompetent and unlawful resulting in his discharge and freedom.
By the time the Originating Notice of Motion came up for hearing on 23rd March 2009, the Republic had not filed any response to the same. Mr. Onserio, the Learned State Counsel who appeared for the Republic stated that the Investigating Officer who could have sworn a replying affidavit was deceased and his assistant had retired from the police force. Learned counsel was therefore not in a position to contest the Originating Notice of Motion.
Counsel for the accused restated the averments in the supporting affidavit and invoked three decisions of the High Court to buttress the accused’s contention.
I have considered the Originating Notice of Motion, the supporting affidavit and the submissions of Learned counsel. Having done so, I take the following view of this matter. The Leading cases on the accused’s trial rights under the Constitution are Albanus Mwasia Mutua – v – Republic [Criminal Appeal No. 120 of 2004] and Eliud Njeru Nyaga – v – Republic [Criminal Appeal No. 182 of 2006]. In the former the Court of Appeal observed as follows:-
“On the one hand it is the duty of the courts to ensure that crime where it is proved is appropriately punished; this is for the protection of society; on the other hand it is equally the duty of the courts to uphold the rights of persons charged with criminal offences, particularly the human rights guaranteed to them under our Constitution.”
The court further stated as follows:-
“The jurisprudence which emerges from the cases, ……. appears to be that an unexplained violation of a constitutional right will normally result in an acquittal…..”
In Eliud Njeru Nyaga – v – Republic (supra)the same court stated as follows:-
“Mutua’s case the prosecution had had an opportunity to explain the cause of delay but failed to offer an explanation. In the appeal before us the ground raising the violation of Constitutional right was raised only on the morning of the hearing…….”
The accused’s Notice of Objection and Originating Notice of Motion have been filed before hearing of this case has commenced. The Republic has been accorded adequate opportunity to explain the cause of delay in arraigning the accused before the court. As in the Albanus Mwasia Mutua’s case, the Republic has not explained the cause of delay and in the language of the same case “an unexplained violation of a constitutional right will normally result in an acquittal.”
I am bound by the decision in the Albanus Mwasia Mutua’s case. The accused’s allegations of violation of his trial rights under the Constitution having been uncontroverted. I must hold and do hold that his constitutional rights have been violated as he claims. Accordingly, I declare the charge and prosecution of the accused null and void and these proceedings should not continue as the same are founded on an illegality. The accused is hereby acquitted and I order his immediate release unless he is otherwise lawfully held.
Orders accordingly.
DATED AND DELIVERED AT MOMBASA THIS 29TH DAY OF APRIL 2009.
F. AZANGALALA
JUDGE
Read in the presence of:-
Kamoti for the applicant and Monda for the Republic.
F. AZANGALALA
JUDGE
29TH APRIL 2009