[2018] KEHC 948 (KLR)
The court found that, despite the absence of the postmortem report and the investigating officer, the evidence of PW4 placed the accused at the scene, armed with a knife, and established that he wounded PW4 immediately before the deceased was found dead with stab wounds. The testimonies of other witnesses...
Source-derived case information.
- Citation
- [2018] KEHC 948 (KLR)
- Parties
- Applicant: Republic; Defendant: David Malakwen Limo
- Court
- High Court
- Court Station
- High Court at Eldoret
- Jurisdiction
- Kenya
- Case Number
- Criminal Case 92 of 2012
- Procedural Posture
- Criminal Case / Ruling on Whether Accused Has a Case to Answer (prima Facie Case) at Close of Prosecution
- Outcome
- Accused placed on his defence; prosecution established a prima facie case.
- Judges
- OA Sewe
- Legal Topics
- Murder, Prima Facie Case, Burden of Proof, Hearsay Evidence
- Source Language
- en
Source-derived case record
Summary, issues, holding and outcome
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Parties
Republic
Applicant
David Malakwen Limo
Defendant
Procedural Posture
Criminal Case / Ruling on Whether Accused Has a Case to Answer (prima Facie Case) at Close of Prosecution
Legal Issues
- 1 Whether the prosecution has established a prima facie case against the accused to warrant his being placed on his defence.
- 2 Whether the evidence adduced directly links the accused to the murder of the deceased.
- 3 Whether the absence of the postmortem report and investigating officer fatally weakens the prosecution case.
Ratio Decidendi
The court found that, despite the absence of the postmortem report and the investigating officer, the evidence of PW4 placed the accused at the scene, armed with a knife, and established that he wounded PW4 immediately before the deceased was found dead with stab wounds. The testimonies of other witnesses corroborated the presence of stab wounds and the sequence of events. The court held that the prosecution had established a prima facie case sufficient to require the accused to be placed on his defence under Section 306(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code. The deficiencies in the prosecution's case, such as the lack of a postmortem report, did not preclude the existence of a case to answer...
Court Disposition
Accused placed on his defence; prosecution established a prima facie case.
Orders
- The accused is hereby placed on his defence pursuant to Section 306(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code.
Full Case Text
Judgment text and source record
23 paragraphs
REPUBLIC OF KENYA
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA
AT ELDORET
CRIMINAL CASE NO. 92 OF 2012
REPULIC…….................................................……PROSECUTOR
VERSUS
DAVID MALAKWEN LIMO........................................ACCUSED
RULING
[1] The Accused person herein, David Malakwen Limo, was arraigned before the Court on a charge of Murder contrary to Section 203 as read with Section 204 of the Penal Code. The particulars thereof are that, on the night of 5th and 6th December 2012 at Kamngetuny Sub-location in Nandi County he murdered Mark Kimaiyo Serem. He denied the charge, in proof of which the Prosecution called a total of six witness. The sum total of the evidence of the six witnesses is that the deceased was at the home of Petro Kipchumba (PW2) on the night in question. He had visited his girlfriend, Mercy Cherono (PW4), a niece to PW2and a former girlfriend to the Accused person; and that while in the house at about 12. 00 midnight., the Accused appeared, knocked the door and before it could be opened for him, he forced his way into the house armed with a knife, with which he cut PW4on the right hand. PW4 immediately ran out of the house screaming for help, thereby attracting the attention of her uncle, PW2. PW2 in turn summoned Simeon Chumba (PW3) for help and by the time they went to the house where PW4 had left the deceased and the accused, they found the deceased lying dead on the floor, with a knife placed beside his body. PW1, PW2, PW3andPW4 were unanimous that the body had stab wounds on the chest and stomach.
[2] The other witnesses were David Kipkemboi (PW5), one of the people who identified the deceased's body for purposes of postmortem; and PW6, a police officer then attached to Kapsabet Police Station, was one of the police officers who visited the murder scene. The Prosecution failed to call the Investigating Officer and the doctor who performed postmortem on the body of the deceased notwithstanding that it had been accorded numerous opportunities to do so. Consequently, it was the submission of the Defence Counsel, Mr. Okara, that the Prosecution had not made out a prima facie case against the Accused person to warrant his being placed on his defence.
[3] According to Mr. Okara, nearly all the witnesses who testified for the Prosecution, save for PW4, merely gave hearsay evidence; and that their testimonies did not directly link the accused with the murder of the deceased; and that even in the case of PW4, she ran out of the house and was therefore not present to witness the murder incident. Counsel further faulted the failure by the Prosecution to avail before the Court the Postmortem Report; and submitted therefore that it is not known exactly what caused the death of the deceased person. Consequently, Mr. Okara urged the Court to give the benefit of the doubt to the Accused person and acquit him of the charge at this stage, the Prosecution having failed to establish a prima facie case against him.
[4] In Ramanlal Trambaklal Bhatt -Vs- Republic [1957] EA 332 it was held that:
Remembering that the legal onus is always on the prosecution to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt, we cannot agree that a prima facie case is made out if, at the close of the prosecution, the case is merely one:-
“Which on full consideration might possibly be thought sufficient to sustain a conviction.”
This is perilously near suggesting that the court would not be prepared to convict if no defence is made, but rather hopes the defence will fill the gaps in the prosecution case.
Nor can we agree that the question whether there is a case to answer depends only on whether there is:-
“some evidence, irrespective of its credibility or weight, sufficient to put the accused on his defence.”
A mere scintilla of evidence can never be enough: nor can any amount of worthless discredited evidence. It is true, as Wilson, J., said, that the court is not required at that stage to decide finally whether the evidence is worthy of credit, or whether if believed it is weighty enough to prove the case conclusively: that final determination can only properly be made when the case for the defence has been heard. It may not be easy to define what is meant by a “prima facie case,” but at least it must mean one on which a reasonable tribunal, properly directing its mind to the law and the evidence could convict if no explanation is offered by the defence.”
[5] In the instant matter, there is an eye witness account, namely the evidence of PW4, placing the Accused at the murder scene and, to prove that he was armed with a knife, with which he wounded PW4, before PW4 ran out of the house, screaming for help; and that shortly thereafter the deceased was found lying dead in the house where PW4 had left him with the deceased. The body of the deceased had stab wounds on the chest and stomach. From the totality of the evidence, I am satisfied that a prima facie case has been made out against the Accused and he is accordingly hereby placed on his defence pursuant to Section 306(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code, Chapter 75 of the Laws of Kenya.
It is so ordered.
DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED AT ELDORET THIS 6TH DAY OF DECEMBER, 2018
OLGA SEWE
JUDGE