https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2026/7978

Source-derived case information.

Citation: [2026] KEHC 7978 (KLR)
Parties: Appellant: Zohaib Trading Limited; 1st Respondent: Chrispine Owino Owegi; 2nd Respondent: Steven Odhiambo Abongo / Steven Odhiambo
Court: High Court
Jurisdiction: Kenya
Case Number: Civil Appeal E029 of 2023
Procedural Posture: Civil Appeal From Interlocutory Ruling on Joinder / Appeal Dismissed
Outcome: Appeal dismissed with costs
Judges: ["OA Sewe"]
Legal Topics: Joinder of Parties, Necessary and Proper Party, Interlocutory Appeal, Ownership of Motor Vehicle, Transfer of Title Under Sale Agreement, Evidentiary Weight of Affidavit Evidence
Source Language: en

Civil Procedure Motor Vehicle Liability Sales of Goods Joinder of Parties Necessary and Proper Party Interlocutory Appeal Ownership of Motor Vehicle Transfer of Title Under Sale Agreement +1 more

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Downloadable case file Legal principles 7 Authorities cited 12 Party arguments 2 Amounts and remedies 7

Parties

Zohaib Trading Limited

Appellant

Chrispine Owino Owegi

1st Respondent

Steven Odhiambo Abongo / Steven Odhiambo

2nd Respondent

Procedural Posture

Civil Appeal From Interlocutory Ruling on Joinder / Appeal Dismissed

Legal Issues

1 Whether the magistrate erred in joining the appellant as a defendant under Order 1 Rule 10(2) of the Civil Procedure Rules.
2 Whether the appellant remained a necessary or proper party despite the alleged sale and handover of the motor vehicle to the 2nd respondent.
3 Whether the learned magistrate improperly preferred the respondent's application over the appellant's affidavit evidence at an interlocutory stage.

Ratio Decidendi

The appeal failed because the lower court was entitled, at the interlocutory stage, to keep the appellant in the suit so the contested issue of ownership could be tried on evidence. The appellant's affidavit and sale documents did not conclusively dispose of the issue, and the appellate court found no basis to interfere with the magistrate's discretion or factual assessment. Joinder was therefore proper to enable complete adjudication of the dispute.

Court Disposition

Appeal dismissed with costs

Orders

The appeal is dismissed with costs.
The ruling and order of the lower court dated 26 April 2023 remain undisturbed.

Full Case Text

Judgment text and source record

1 paragraphs

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.}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1 \widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7868941 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\ul\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 REPUBLIC OF KENYA \par IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA \par AT HOMA BAY \par CIVIL APPEAL NO. E0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\ul\insrsid7868941 29}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\ul\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 OF 202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\ul\insrsid7868941 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\ul\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7868941 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 ZOHAIB TRADING LIMITED..\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85...APPELLANT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7868941 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\ul\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 VERSUS \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7868941 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 CHRISPINE OWINO OWEGI\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85.1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\super\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 ST}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 RESPONDENT \par STEVEN ODHIAMBO\'85\'85.\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\super\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 ND}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 RESPONDENT \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7868941 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 (Being an appeal from the}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941 Ruling and Order of the Senior Principal Magistrate, Hon. B.O Omwanza,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 delivered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941 on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\super\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941 April, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941 3 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 Oyugis PMCC No. E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941 127}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 of 202}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid7868941 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\ul\insrsid7868941\charrsid3492316 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7868941 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid8676934 [1]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 \tab This appeal arises from the decision of the Senior Principal Magistrate\rquote s Court in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 Oyugis PMCC No. 127 of 2021: Chrispine Owino Owegi v Steven Odhiambo & 2 others.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 The suit had been filed by the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 respondent against the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 respondent and 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 respondent for compensation by way of general and special damages, costs and interest i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 n respect of injuries sustained by him on the 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid15558469\charrsid15558469 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 April 2021. In his Plaint before the lower court, the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid15558469\charrsid15558469 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 respondent averred that he was then travelling aboard Motor Vehicle Reg istration No. KCS 441X, Toyota Fielder, along Kisumu-Oyugis Road when it veered off the road and hit a motor bike before overturning, thereby causing the injuries complained of by him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid15558469\charrsid15558469 [2]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 \tab During the pendency of the suit, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469\charrsid9382071 the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 filed an application dated 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid15558469\charrsid15558469 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 December 2022 seeking to have the appellant, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid15558469\charrsid9382071 Zohaib Trading Limited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 , enjoined to the suit as the 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid15558469\charrsid15558469 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 defendant on the ground that it was the owner of the suit motor vehicle. That application was allowed as prayed on 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid15558469\charrsid15558469 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 April 2023. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid15558469\charrsid15558469 [3]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 \tab Being aggrieved by the ruling and order of the lower court, the appellant filed the instant appeal }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469\charrsid9379475 on}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9379475\charrsid9379475 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid9379475\charrsid9379475 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9379475\charrsid9379475 May 2023}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469\charrsid9379475 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid15558469 on the following grounds: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9382071 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 [a]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 The learned magistrate erred in law by completely disregarding the laid down legal principles to be considered by court before enjoin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 g a pa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 ty to a suit under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid13117574 Order 1 Rule 10(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid9382071\charrsid13117574 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 of the Civil Procedure Rules.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 [b]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 The learned magistrate erred in law and fac}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 t by failing to appreciate the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 express terms of the sale agreement between the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 appellant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 and the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid9382071\charrsid13117574 (Stephen Odhiambo)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 dated 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 December 2018. \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 [c]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 The learned magistrate erred in law and in fact by failing to appreciate what amounts to transfer of property in goo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 ds under the Sale of Goods Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 [d]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 The learned magistrate misdirected himself and erred in law by allowing the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 plaintiff\rquote s application}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 to join the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 appellant the lower court suit when it was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 a mere seller of the moto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 r vehicle and had parted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 with possession and control thereof on the 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 December, 2018.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 [e]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 The learned magistrate erred in law and fact by finding t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 hat the appellant had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 not demonst}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 rated that ownership had passed.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11433206 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 [4]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 \tab In the premises, the appellant prayed that its appeal be allowed and the ruling and orders made by the lower court on 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 th}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 April 2023 be set aside. The appellant also prayed that an order be made dismissing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid13117574 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 with costs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid13117574 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid9382071\charrsid9382071 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 resp}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11433206 ondents application dated 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid11433206\charrsid11433206 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11433206 December 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9382071 filed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 Oyugis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid11433206\charrsid11433206 PMCC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 No. 210 of 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941\charrsid7868941 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid7868941 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid11433206\charrsid11433206 [5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11433206 \tab Directions were given herein on 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid11433206\charrsid11433206 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11433206 January 2025 that the appeal be canvassed by way of written submissions; and while the appellant complied, the respondents did not.}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 In the appellant\rquote s written submissions dated 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 March 2025. On the authority of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid4859581 Joseph Njau Kingori v Robert Maina Chege & 5 others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 [2002] eKLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 , the appellant set out the prerequisites for joinder, namely:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11433206\charrsid7868941 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4859581 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid4859581\charrsid4859581 [a]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 \tab The party intended to be joined }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 must be a necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid4859581\charrsid4859581 [b]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 He must be a proper}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 to the suit in question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4859581 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid4859581\charrsid4859581 [c]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 In the case of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 a defendant there must be a relief}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 flowing from that defendant to the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid4859581\charrsid4859581 [d]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 The ultimate order or decree cannot be enforced without his presence in the matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid4859581\charrsid4859581 [e]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 His presence is necessary to enable the court to effectively and completely to adjudicate upon and settle all ques}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 ti}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 ons involved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 in the suit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4859581 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid4859581\charrsid4859581 [6]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 \tab The appellant made reference to its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 Replying Affidavit filed on the 17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 February 2023, a copy of which is contained at page 33 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid13117574 Record of A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 ppeal, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 and submitted that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 suit vehicle }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 egistration }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 Number, KCS 411}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 X, Toyota Fielder}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 was sold to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 Steven Odhiambo Abongo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 , the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid4859581\charrsid4859581 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 espondent herein }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 vide the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 sale agreement dated 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 December 2018}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 The appellant pointed out that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid13117574 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid13117574\charrsid13117574 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid13117574 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 espondent took possession of the suit vehicle immediately after execution }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 of the agreement and paying the entire purchase price. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12412188 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid4859581\charrsid4859581 [7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid4859581 \tab The appellant drew the attention of the Court to the bundle of documents annexed to its Supporting Affidavit and marked CNS-3 and submitted that pursuant to the sale agreement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 it initiated and approved the transfer of the suit motor vehicle to the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid16131003\charrsid16131003 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 portal of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 National Transport and Safety Authority. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 It conceded however that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid16131003\charrsid16131003 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 respondent delayed in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 complet}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 ing the transfer process; and that this was the} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 reason }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 it was still recognized as the registered proprietor of the suit motor vehicle as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 at 11}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 May, 2021}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid16131003\charrsid16131003 [8]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 \tab The appellant further made reference to Clause 8 of the sale agreement, by which the parties covenanted as follows: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16131003 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid16131003\charrsid16131003 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 THAT upon taking possession of the motor vehicle the buyer shall take out an insurance cover for the same at an insurance company of his/her choice preferably comprehensive and should the motor vehicle be involved in an accident or stolen, it shall be the sole responsibility of the buyer notwith standing the fact that the motor vehicle has not been formally transferred to his/her name.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid16131003\charrsid16131003 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12412188 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid16131003\charrsid5855713 [9]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 \tab In the appellant\rquote s submissions, its depositions before the lower court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 were never controverted by the respondents}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 ; and therefore ought to have been deemed to have been admitted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 as factual}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 by the lower court. Hence, the appellant posited that the lower court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 ought to have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 found it to be an unnecessary party since there is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 no relief flo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 w}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 from it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 to the }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid16131003\charrsid16131003 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 respondent in the primary suit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid16131003 Accordingly, the appellant contended that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 learned magistrate erred in fact and law in making a finding}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid5855713 that it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 did not demonstrate that ownership of the motor vehicle had passed, even when receipts proving payment of full purchase price were annexed to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid5855713 its Replying Affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid5855713\charrsid11093615 [10]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid5855713 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 Further to the foregoing, the appellant urged the Court to note that the alleged accident occurred on the 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid11093615\charrsid11093615 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 April 2021; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 almost four years after ownership, possession, management and control of the suit motor vehicle had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 transferred to the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 respondent vide the sale agreement dated 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 December,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 2018. In support of its arguments, appellant relied on the following authorities: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8603259 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid8603259 [a]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid8603259\charrsid8603259 Nancy Ayumba Ngana v Abdi Ali}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 cited in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid8603259\charrsid8603259 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid8603259\charrsid8603259 M,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid8603259\charrsid8603259 K M v Telkom Kenya Limited & another}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 for the proposition that there are altern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 ative forms of ownership}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 , such as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 actual ownership; beneficial owne}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 rship; and possessory ownership. The appellant submitted that a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 person who enjoys any of such other categories of ownership may for practical purposes, be much more relevant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 to a suit such as the 1} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid8603259\charrsid8603259 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 respondents,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 than any person whose name appears in the certificate of registration.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid8603259\charrsid8603259 [b]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid8603259\charrsid8603259 Osumo Apima Nyaundi v Charles Isaboke Onyancha Kibondori & 3 others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 in which the Court of Appeal interpreted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid8603259\charrsid8603259 Section 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 of the Traffic Act, C ap 403 of the Laws of Kenya, and held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 the ownership of a vehicle passes }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 up}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 on the sale and the delivery of the motor vehicle, and the registration book of the vehi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 cle is only evidence of title.} {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid8603259\charrsid8603259 [c]\tab Securicor (K) Ltd v Kyumba }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 Holdings}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 [2005]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 KLR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 in which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 the Court of Appeal in almost simila}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid8603259 r set of facts found that although}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 the appellant remained the registered owner of the motor vehicle, actual possession thereof had passed to the third party}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid13117574 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid12412188 and therefore the owner could not have been the appellant. \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12412188 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid11093615 [11]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid14485512 On}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 the probative value of affidavit evidence, the appellant relied on}{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11418289 Mutai & others v Attorney General}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 in which the Court of Appeal held: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11093615 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 34" An affidavit is sworn evidence. It occupies a higher pedestal than grounds of opposition that are bas ically issues of law intended to be argued. Two things flow from this. First, by the mere fact of the affidavits not having been controverted there is an assumption that what was aver}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid11093615\charrsid11093615 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 ed in the affidavit as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid11093615\charrsid11093615 factual evidence is admitted.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5965676 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid11093615\charrsid11418289 [12]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11093615 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 On the strength of the foregoing, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11418289 the appellant urged the }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11418289 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid13117574 allow the appeal and to substitute }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid13117574 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 rder of 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11418289 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 April, 2023 with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid13117574 an order}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 dismissing with costs the application dated 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\super\insrsid11418289\charrsid11418289 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid11418289 December }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188\charrsid12412188 2022.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid12412188 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5965676 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid7152775 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 [13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \tab \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 I have given careful consideration to the \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 appeal, and in particular the grounds set out in the Memorandum of Appeal as well as the written submissions filed herein by counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 for the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 . I am mindful that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 an appellate court ought not to interfere with the exercise of discretion by the trial \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 court, even if, on the facts, it would have come}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af1\hich\af1\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af1\dbch\af37\loch\f1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 to a different conclusion. Accordingly, the limited circumstances under which an appellate court can interfere with the exercise of discretion by the trial court were well articulated by\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 Madan, JA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \~\hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 (as he th \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 en was) in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 United India Insurance Co. Ltd v East African Underwriters (Kenya) Ltd \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 [1985] E.A 898,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 as follows: \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7081945 \cbpat8 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \'93 The Court of Appeal will not interfere with a discretionary decision of the judge appealed from simply on the ground that its members, if sitting at first instance, would or might have given different weight to that given by the judge to the various factors in the case. The Court of Appeal is only entitled to interfere if one or more of the following matters are established: first, that the judge m isdirected himself in law; secondly, that he misapprehended the facts; thirdly, that he took account of considerations of which he should not have taken account; fourthly, that he failed to take account of considerations of which he should have taken acco unt, or fifthly, that his decision, albeit a discretionary one, is plainly wrong.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid5965676 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2302491 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid2302491 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa160\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6379879 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid2302491\charrsid2302491 [14]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid2302491 Moreover, this being an interlocutory appeal, I am mindful that the issues in dispute between the parties are yet to be tried before the lower court; and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid2302491\charrsid8028035 hence the need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid2302491 for restraint so as to not embarrass the trial court. Precedents abound to support this proposition. For instance, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid2302491\charrsid2302491 George Gikubu Mbuthia v Peter Njeru Mugo & 3 others }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid2302491\charrsid13117574 [2015] eKLR,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid2302491 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid2302491 the Court of Appeal held thus in connection with interlocutory appeals: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid2302491\charrsid1117866 \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sa80\sl172\slmult0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9073825 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 "It is well settled that an appellate court considering an appeal arising from an interlocutory decision of the court below cannot make definitive determinations of either law or fact on \tab the issues pending in the main dispute to avoid embarrassing the trial Court. Indeed, in this instance, the Judges in Civil Appeal No. 111 of 1986 considered only whether Schofield, J\rquote s decision was made within the well-known principles for the grant of an interlocutory injunction enunciated in\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f39\fs20\ul\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 Giella }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f39\fs20\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f39\fs20\ul\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 Vs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f39\fs20\ul\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 Cassman Brown & Co. Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs16\b\f39\fs20\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 [1973] EA 358}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs20\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 ." \par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa80\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2302491 \cbpat8 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs20\insrsid2302491\charrsid9073825 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9785616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid6379879 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 [15}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \tab }{ \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid7152775 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 he main issue for determination is whether the subor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid7081945 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 dinate court erred in allowing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 the application }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid7081945 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 for joinder of the appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid3803837 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 in the light of the evidence presented by the appellant before the lower court by way of its Replying Affidavit sworn on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid213838 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\super\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid213838\charrsid213838 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid213838 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 December 2022}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid3803837 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid213838 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 he assertions by the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\super\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574\charrsid13117574 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 respondent was that the averments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid2302491 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 in that affidavit are yet to be tested by way of cross-\hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 examination to determine whether or not ownership had passed to the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\super\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid2302491\charrsid2302491 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid2302491 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 respondent by the time of the subject accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid213838 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 as a matter of fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid2302491 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid9785616 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574\charrsid9184833 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 [16]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid2302491 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 Indeed, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid9785616\charrsid9785616 Shah v Padamshi }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9785616\charrsid9785616 [1982] eKLR,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9785616 the Court of Appeal held that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9785616\charrsid13195154 : \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa160\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9785616 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs20\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9785616\charrsid9785616 Except in the clearest of cases, which this one was not it is inadvisable for the court to prefer one affidavit to another... A trial must be ordered if a triable issue is found to exist, even if the court strongly feels that the defendant is unlikely to succeed at the trial. The court must no t attempt to anticipate that the defendant will not succeed at the trial}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\chshdng0\chcfpat0\chcbpat8\insrsid9785616\charrsid13195154 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\insrsid9785616\charrsid13195154 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7081945 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid9184833 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 [17}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid9785616\charrsid9444209 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid9785616 \tab \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 In the premises, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 there is considerable merit in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\super\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198\charrsid12982198 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198 \loch\af39\dbch\af37\hich\f39 \rquote \loch\f39 s posturing that the issue of ownership ought to be canvassed at the hearing of the lower court suit. Indeed, \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 averments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 set out in the appellant\hich\f39 \rquote \loch\f39 s Replying Affidavit}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 ought to have simply comprised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 defence to enable the subordinate court determine the issue on the basis of tested evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid13117574 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198\charrsid12982198 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 [1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid9184833 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198\charrsid12982198 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 ]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid12982198 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 The foregoing being my view of the matter, I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs28\loch\af39\hich\af39\dbch\af37\insrsid9785616 \hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 find no merit in t\hich\af39\dbch\af37\loch\f39 his appeal. The same is hereby dismissed with costs. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid2387309\charrsid5965676 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5965676 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 It is so ordered. \par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9444209 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9264304 VIRTUALLY}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 THIS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9974595 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\super\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9264304\charrsid9264304 TH}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9264304 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 DAY OF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9974595 MAY}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9264304 2026}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid5965676 \par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9264304 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1249105 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9264304 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid9264304\charrsid5965676 \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1249105 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 OLGA SEWE \par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9444209 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs28\ul\insrsid5965676\charrsid5965676 JUDGE \par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9444209 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs28 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