ABDUL KALIM v. RWANDAMOTOR

ABDUL KALIM v. RWANDAMOTOR

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-10-17 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0036/12/CS – RCOMA 0041/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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ABDUL KALIM v. RWANDAMOTOR [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA 0036/12/CS – RCOMA 0041/12/CS (Mukamulisa, P.J., Mukandamage na Gatete, J.) Kuwa 17/10/2014] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Ububasha bwo kuregera urukiko – Ikirego cyakirwa iyo ugitanze afite ububasha, inyungu n’ubushobozi – Kuba uwakodesheje imodoka yagombaga kuyisubiza nyirayo imeze nk’uko yayihawe ntibivuze ko amasezerano y’ubukode bakoranye yamuhinduye nyirayo – Ntiyasaba indishyi mu gihe nta bubasha n’inyungu afite byo kuregera mu rukiko. Itegeko nº 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012,igika cya mbere,ingingo ya kabiri ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Amategeko agenga imirimo nshinganwa – Indishyi – Igikorwa cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse – Kuba imodoka yaratinze mu igaraji byatumye nyirayo avutswa amafaranga y’ubukode bwayo, akaba agomba kugenerwa indishyi mu gihe uwayikoze yiyemereye ko habaye ho amakosa no gutinda gukora imodoka – Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Incamake y’ikibazo: Safari jeanine yakoranye amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka na Abdul Kalim, iyo modoka iza gupfa ayijyana kuyikoresha mu igaraji ya Rwandamotor itinda kuyikora ngo iyisubize bituma Abdul arega Rwandamotor mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi

asaba kwishyurwa amafaranga yakoresheje yishyura ticket y’indege hamwe n’ayicumbi, kubera ko we yari atuye mu bwongereza aza kuyikurikirana mu Rwanda. Safari nyiri modoka nawe yaregeye urwo Rukiko asaba ko Rwandamotor imusubiza inyungu yavukijwe kuko imodoka ye yahagaze gukora. Urukiko ntirwakiriye ikirego cya Abdul, ruvuga ko nta nyungu n’ububasha bwo gutanga ikirego kubera ko atari we nyirimodoka, kandi ubu Safari akaba yarigaragaje nka nyirimodoka asaba indishyi. Urukiko rwasanze atasubizwa ticket y’indege, rugenera Safari indishyi zingana na 5.000.000 Frws kubera ko yamutesheje umwanya bituma amasezerano yari yagiranye n’uwayikodeshaga atubahirizwa. Abdul na Safari bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko rwirengagije amasezerano y’ubukode bagiranye, hamwe n’ayabaye hagati ya Abdul Kalim na Rwandamotor. Iyi nayo yajuririye ivuga ko urukiko rwafashe ibintu uko bitari, ruyica indishyi kandi nta kosa yakoze. Uburanira Abdul Kalim avuga ko urukiko rwirengagije amasezerano yagiranye na Safari rwanga kwakira ikirego cye, avuga na none ko amasezerano yo gusana imodoka yabaye hagati yayo na Safari. Avuga kandi ko guhemukirwa byakorewe Abdul wagiranye amasezerano na Rwandamotor, ko ikirego cye cyagombaga kwakirwa agasubizwa ticket y’urugendo yakoze Londres- Kigali. Uburanira Rwandamotor avuga ko asanga Abdul Kalim atarahohotewe kuko nta mutungo we Rwandamotor yari imufitiye kubera

ko atagaragaje ko yari afite ishingano zo gukoresha imodoka akayisubiza nyirayo uko yayimuhaye. Uburanira Safari avuga ko umucamanza yageneye Safari indishyi mu bushishozi bw’urukiko kuko atagaragaje ibimenyetso yari yeretswe. Avuga ko gutinda kw’imodoka byatumye Safari avutswa amafaranga y’ubukode yabonaga ku munsi, ko akwiye n’indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 5.000.000 Frws. Uburanira Rwandamotor yajuririye indishyi urukiko rwageneye Safari avuga

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ko rwayamugeneye rwirengagije imyiregurire ya Rwandamotor, rufata ibintu uko bitari. Avuga ko asanga Rwandamotor itaragombaga gucibwa indishyi urukiko rutagaragaje ikosa yakoze. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Nta nyungu n’ububasha uwakodesheje imodoka yari afite byo kuregera indishyi zikomoka ku modoka itari iye mu gihe ibyo yakoze akoresha imodoka ari nyiri modoka yabikoreraga, ari nayo mpamvu indishyi zinyuranye asaba atazihabwa.

2. Nta gushidikanya ko imodoka ya yatinze gukorwa ku makosa y’abakozi ba Rwandamotor, nayo ikaba itabihakana, ibyo bikaba byaragize ingaruka kuri nyirayo kuko iyo ikorwa vuba ikarangira yari kuyikoresha imirimo yayigeneye, bityo 5.000.000 Frw y’indishyi nyiri modoka yagenewe n’urukiko rubanza zikwiye kugumaho kuko ari mu rugero rukwiye. Ubujurire bwa Abdul nta shingiro bufite. Ubujurire bwa Safari bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuwarezwe. Amategeko yifashishijwe: Itegeko nº21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012,igika cya mbere, ingingo ya kabiri ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, Itegeko ryo kuwa 30/07/1888 ryerekeye amasezerano cyangwa imirimo nshinganwa, ingingo ya 258. Nta manza zashingiweho: Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] SAFARI Jeanine yagiranye na ABDUL Kalim, amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka, iza gupfa ABDUL ayijyana mu igaraji ya RWANDAMOTOR, itinda kuyikora ngo iyisubize. ABDUL yareze RWANDAMOTOR mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi asaba kwishyurwa „ticket“ y’indege Kigali - Londres, amafaranga y’icumbi, indishyi z’akababaro n’igihembo cya avoka, kubera uko gutinda gukorwa no kuba yarategetswe kugura ibyuma byayo bidafite aho bihuriye n’ibyari byapfuye, bikaba ngombwa ko ava aho atuye mu Bwongereza aza kuyikurikirana mu Rwanda. [2] SAFARI nawe yaregeye urwo rukiko asaba ko RWANDAMOTOR

imusubiza inyungu yavukijwe n’uko amasezerano y’ubukode bw’imodoka ye yahagaze, ikanamuha indishyi z’akababaro n’igihembo cya avoka. [3] Urukiko rwemeje kutakira ikirego cya ABDUL kubera ko nta nyungu n‘ububasha afite bwo kugitanga kuko atari we nyiri imodoka RWANDAMOTOR yahawe gukora, ko kandi atagaragaje ko gupfa kwayo ari we byaturutseho kugira ngo bibe byakumvikana ko yari afite inshingano zo kuyikoresha akazayisubiza nyirayo uko yayimuhaye. Rwasanze ibyo yakoze yarabikoreye SAFARI nyirayo (gestion d’affaires), akaba ari we agomba kubyishyuza, ko kuba

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RWANDAMOTOR hari ibyo yari yamwemereye byatewe n‘uko ari we wari wigaragaje nka nyiri imodoka, ubu SAFARI akaba yarigaragaje nka nyirayo asaba indishyi. [4] Urukiko rwasanze ABDUL atasubizwa „ticket“ y’indege kuko umuburanira yivugiye ko yayikoresheje aje mu kazi ke bwite, kandi SAFARI avuga ko yamukodeshereje indi modoka. [5] Urukiko rwageneye SAFARI Jeanine indishyi mu bushishozi zingana na 5.000.000 Frw na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka kubera ko RWANDAMOTOR yamutesheje umwanya, bituma n’amasezerano yari yagiranye n’uwayikodeshaga atubahirizwa, ayo makosa nayo ikaba yarayemeye mu ibaruwa yandikiye ABDUL kuwa 16/08/2010. [6] ABDUL na SAFARI bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga bavuga ko urukiko rwirengagije amasezerano y’ubukode bagiranye, hamwe n’ayabaye hagati ya ABDUL na RWANDAMOTOR, rwanga kwakira ikirego cya ABDUL, runagena indishyi mbonezamusaruro mu bushishozi kandi hari imibare ifatika SAFARI yahereyeho azisaba. [7] RWANDAMOTOR nayo yarajuriye ivuga ko urukiko rwafashe ibintu uko bitari, ruyica indishyi kandi nta kosa yakoze. [8] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 16/09/2014, ABDUL Kalim na SAFARI Jeanine bahagarariwe na Me Protais MUTEMBE, RWANDAMOTOR iburanirwa na Me MBARUSHIMANA Aimé. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO a. Kumenya niba ABDUL Kalim yari afite inyungu n’ububasha byo kurega. [9] Me MUTEMBE uburanira ABDUL avuga ko urukiko rwanze kwakira

ikirego cye rwirengagije ingingo ya 4 y’amasezerano yabaye hagati ye na SAFARI yateganyaga ko agomba kumusubiza imodoka ye imeze nk’uko yayihawe ari nzima. [10] Avuga na none ko amasezerano yo gusana imodoka (contrat d’entreprise), yabaye hagati ya ABDUL na RWANDAMOTOR atabaye hagati yayo na SAFARI, ayo masezerano akaba ntaho ahuriye n’ingingo ya 251 CC L III urukiko rwashingiyeho, ko ahubwo ashingiye ku nshingano (obligation contractuelle) ABDUL yari afite zikubiye mu ngingo ya 4 y’amasezerano y‘ubukode yari afitanye na SAFARI, no ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko ryerekeye amasezerano. [11] Me MUTEMBE avuga kandi ko guhohoterwa cyangwa guhemukirwa byakorewe ABDUL, bitakorewe nyir’imodoka utaragize uruhare na rumwe mu masezerano hagati ye na RWANDAMOTOR, ko rero ikirego cye cyagombaga kwakirwa, agasubizwa „ticket“ y’urugendo yakoze Londres - Kigali n’ibyamutunze nk’uko RWANDAMOTOR yabyiyemeje mu ibaruwa yayo yo kuwa 16/08/2010, agahabwa n’indishyi zingana na 150 USD x 342 jrs (kuva imodoka yinjiye kuwa 17/09/2009 kugeza kuwa 16/08/2010) = 51.300 USD, ayo madolari akaba agomba kuvunjwa mu manyarwanda hakurikijwe ijanisha ry’umunsi atangiwe, akanahabwa indishyi z’akababaro za 5.000.000 Frw. [12] Me MBARUSHIMANA uburanira RWANDAMOTOR avuga ko urukiko rwasobanuye neza ko ABDUL atari we nyiri imodoka RWANDAMOTOR yahawe gukora, ko atagaragaje ko

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gupfa kwayo ariwe byaturutseho ngo bibe byakumvikana ko yari afite ishingano zo kuyikoresha akazayisubiza nyirayo uko yayimuhaye, rugaragaza ko ibyo yakoze yabikoreye SAFARI nyirayo wari wayimukodesheje. Asanga rero atarahohotewe kuko nta mutungo we RWANDAMOTOR yari imufitiye. Uko urukiko rubibona [13] Ingingo ya 2, igika cya mbere, y’Itegeko nº 21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ikirego kitemerwa mu rukiko iyo urega adafite ububasha, inyungu n’ubushobozi bwo kurega. [14] Mu masezerano y’ubukode yabaye hagati ya SAFARI na ABDUL kuwa 02/09/2009, bigaragara ko imodoka yakodeshejwe ari iya SAFARI Jeanine . [15] Kuba ABDUL avuga ko iyo modoka yagombaga kuyisubiza nyirayo imeze nk’uko yayihawe ari nzima, ntibivuze ko ayo masezerano y’ubukode yamuhinduye nyirayo ku buryo yaregera indishyi zikomoka ku mpamvu z’uko RWANDAMOTOR yatinze kuyikora, cyane cyane ko atagaragaza ko kuba yarapfuye byakomotse ku ikosa rye. Na none kandi, mu gihe imodoka yari imaze gushyikirizwa igaraji, ABDUL yagombaga kureba nyirayo akaba ari we uyikurikirana. [16] Urukiko rurasanga rero nk’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi rwabisobanuye, ibyo ABDUL yakoze byo gukoresha imodoka ya SAFARI ariwe yabikoreye, akaba rero nta nyungu n’ububasha afite byo kuregera indishyi zikomoka ku modoka itari iye, ari nayo

mpamvu indishyi zinyuranye asaba atazihabwa. b. Ku byerekeye indishyi SAFARI yagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi. [17] Me MUTEMBE uburanira SAFARI avuga ko umucamanza yageneye SAFARI indishyi mu bushishozi bwe ngo kuko umuburanira atagaragaza ibimenyetso simusiga bishyigikira indishyi zasabwe, yirengagije ibimenyetso bifatika yari yeretswe. [18] Asobanura ko gutinda mu igaraji kw’imodoka byatumye SAFARI avutswa amafaranga y’ubukode abariwe kuri 150 USD ku munsi nk’uko byumvikanyweho mu ngingo ya 3 y‘amasezerano yaragiranye na MABANO David: Ubukode bwa mbere bwo kuwa 4/3/2009: igihe cyabwo: 5/3/2009 - 30/8/2009 = 86 jrs Ubundi bukode: 1/10/2009 - 30/08/2010 = 303 jrs Amadolari yose = 150 USD x 386 jrs = 58.350 USD, mu manyarwanda akaba agomba kuvunjwa hakurikijwe ijanisha ry’umunsi atangiwe, hakiyongeraho n’inyungu zayo zibariwe kuri 18 %.

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[19] Me MUTEMBE avuga ko kandi SAFARI akwiye n’indishyi z’akababaro zingana na 5.000.000 Frw n’amafaranga ahwanye na 10% y’igihembo cya Avoka. [20] Me MBARUSHIMANA uburanira RWANDAMOTOR avuga ko nayo yajuririye indishyi urukiko rwageneye SAFARI zingana na 6.000.000 Frw akubiyemo 5.000.000 y’indishyi z’akababaro na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka, kuko rwayatanze rwirengagije imyiregurire yayo bigatuma rufata ibintu uko bitari. [21] Asobanura ko ibyo urukiko rwavuze ko RWANDAMOTOR yatesheje umwanya SAFARI ntikore imodoka ye bigatuma amasezerano yari yagiranye n’uwayikodesheje atubahirizwa, ko ndetse ari nako RWANDAMAOTOR yabyemeye mu ibaruwa yo kuwa 16/08/2010, nta shingiro bifite kubera ko imodoka yari ifite ikibazo cy’ibyuma byagombaga gusimburwa (compesseur, suspension, driver box, amortisseurs enye, module d’airbag), nyirayo ahitamo kubyigurira, ariko biza kugaragara ko KAYITABA Charles, musaza wa SAFARI Jeanine wakurikiranaga ikorwa ryayo hari ubwo yazanye ibyuma bishaje, ibyo akaba ari byo byabaye imbogamizi bituma imodoka itinda gukorwa, ariko RWANDAMOTOR yiyemeza kubitumiza irangiza inshingano zayo, maze isubiza imodoka nyirayo. [22] Asanga rero RWANDAMOTOR itaragombaga gucibwa indishyi urukiko rutagaragaje ikosa yakoze, ko kuba yaremeye ko hari ibyo igomba gutanga birimo kuba itazishyuza SAFARI ibyuma yashyize mu modoka ndetse n’amafaranga yo kuyikora n’ibindi, kandi

ikaba yarabikoze, urukiko rutari kubirengaho ngo rumugenere izindi ndishyi zitagize aho zishingiye, mu gihe narwo rwari rumaze kwemeza ko nta kimenyetso simusiga yabashije kurugaragariza, kuko byaba binyuranye n’ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. Uko Urukiko rubibona [23] Ingingo ya 258 CCL III iteganya ko “igikorwa cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse”. [24] Inyandiko ziri muri dosiye zigaragaza ko imodoka ya SAFARI yagejejwe mu igaraji ya RWANDAMOTOR tariki ya 17/09/2009, ayisubizwa kuwa 16/08/2010, ko kuwa 03/08/2010, ABDUL wari wayijyanyeyo yandikiye ushinzwe imari n’ubutegetsi muri iryo garaji amugezaho amakosa “Directeur Technique“ waryo yamukoreye amutuma ibikoresho ariko ntakore imodoka kandi yaramwijeje ko itazatinda ndetse amwaka n’amafaranga bitari ngombwa. [25] RWANDAMOTOR yasubije iyo baruwa kuwa 16/08/2010 yemera ko habayeho amakosa no gutinda gukora imodoka, isaba ko ikibazo cyakemurwa mu bwumvikane. [26] Urukiko rurasanga nta gushidikanya ko imodoka ya SAFARI yatinze gukorwa ku makosa y’abakozi ba RWANDAMOTOR, nayo ikaba itabihakana, ibyo bikaba byaragize ingaruka kuri nyirayo kuko iyo ikorwa vuba ikarangira yari kuyikoresha imirimo yayigeneye, bityo 5.000.000 Frw y‘indishyi SAFARI yagenewe n’urukiko rubanza akaba akwiye kugumaho kuko ari mu rugero rukwiye.

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[27] Ku byerekeye 58.350 USD y’ubukode bw’imodoka n’inyungu zayo SAFARI avuga ko yavukijwe, urukiko rurasanga atabihabwa kubera ko amasezerano avuga ko yagiranye na MABANO bigaragara ko yakozwe kuwa 4/3/2009 imodoka itarajya mu igaraji, andi ayakora kuwa 30/09/2009 imodoka iri mu igaraji, akaba rero atarashoboraga gutanga imodoka ye mu bukode kandi azi neza ko idakora kubera ko icyo gihe yari mu igaraji rya RWANDAMOTOR. Byongeye kandi nta kimenyetso agaragaza ko iyo modoka ye yari igenewe akazi ko gukodeshwa mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi. [28] Ku bijyanye n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya avoka, urukiko rurasanga SAFARI ayakwiye, ariko ayo asaba ari ikirenga, mu bushishozi bwarwo, urukiko rukaba rumugeneye 500.000 Frw yiyongera kuri 1.000.000 Frw yagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, yose hamwe akaba 1.500.000 Frw. [29] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa, amafaranga RWANDAMOTOR igomba kwishyura SAFARI Jeanine angana na 5.000.000 Frw + 1.500.000 Frw = 6.500.000 Frw. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [30] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa ABDUL Kalim nta shingiro bufite; [31] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa SAFARI Jeanine bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe; [32] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa RWANDAMOTOR nta shingiro bufite; [33] Rutegetse RWANDAMOTOR kwishyura SAFARI Jeanine indishyi z’amafaranga 6.500.000 nk’uko yasobanuwe haruguru. [34] Rutegetse RWANDAMOTOR kwishyura amafaranga 100.000 y’amagarama y’urubanza ihereye kuyo yatanze ijurira.