AKARERE KA NYABIHU vs. GM CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS (GM CEC) Ltd.

# AKARERE KA NYABIHU vs. GM CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS (GM CEC) Ltd.

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-04-19 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00093/2022/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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AKARERE KA NYABIHU vs. GM CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS (GM CEC) Ltd. [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCOMAA 00093/2022/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J., Tugireyezu na Munyangeri, J.) 19 Mata 2023] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’inkiko – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Impamvu zigomba gutandukanywa n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko, kuko impamvu ari yo ishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo – Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Incamake y’ ikibazo: Akarere ka Nyabihu kagiranye amasezerano na sosiyete GM Civil Engineering Contractors (GM CEC) Ltd yo kubaka umuhanda Rwankeri– Gatovu-Nyakiriba- Nyamata. Ayo masezerano yaje guseswa n’Akarere ka Nyabihu, ariko impande zombi zongera kumvikana ko akomeza. Nyuma yo kusubiramo amasezerano ntibyagenze neza, Akarere kongera kuyasesa, bituma GM Civil Engineering Contractors (GM CEC) Ltd ikarega mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ivuga ko kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, isaba kwishyurwa facture ya décompte final hamwe n’indishyi zinyuranye.

Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza maze rwemeza ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, rugategeka kwishyura GM Civil Engineering Contractors amafaranga yasigaye atishyuwe ku mirimo y’ubwubatsi bw’umuhanda, hamwe n’ inyungu kayihombeje kuri iryo soko zingana na 10% by’agaciro k’isoko ryose. Akarere ka Nyabihu kajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, kavuga ko kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, bityo ko ntacyo kagombaga gutegekwa kwishyura. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Akarere ka Nyabihu nta shingiro bufite, bityo ko urubanza rwajuririwe rudahindutse. Akarere ka Nyabihu kajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, gasaba gusuzuma niba karasheshe amasezerano yo gusana umuhanda n'ibiraro mu buryo bukurikije amategeko; niba karagombaga gucibwa amafaranga ya décompte final; niba kandi karagombaga gutegekwa kwishyura GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd indishyi z'iseswa ry'amasezerano. Sosiyete GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yiregura ivuga ko ubujurire bw’Akarere ka Nyabihu budakwiye kwakirwa, kubera ko katsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje, hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzashingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zasuzumiwemo ikibazo gisa n’iki.

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Akarere ka Nyabihu kiregura kavuga ko iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko katatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Incamake y’ icyemezo: Mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Impamvu zigomba gutandukanywa n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko, kuko impamvu ari yo ishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo. Inzitizi ifite ishingiro; Ingwate y’ amagarama ifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 00034/2016/SC rwa Uwase Claudine vs Banki ya Kigali vs. B&N General Supply Company Ltd, RDB, rwaciwe n’ Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 23/03/2018; RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwa Road Solution Pavement Product vs. MAILCO Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020; RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC rwa Banque Populaire du Rwanda Atlas Mara Plc vs Nkusi Evariste, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku wa 15/02/2017, Akarere ka Nyabihu kagiranye amasezerano na GM Civil Engineering Contractors (GM CEC) Ltd, afite Nº 15/T/NCB/LODA/NYAB/16-17, yo kubaka umuhanda Rwankeri–Gatovu-Nyakiriba-Nyamata (Phase II Kadahenda–Nyakiriba). Ayo masezerano yaje guseswa n’Akarere ka Nyabihu, ariko ku wa 14/05/2019, impande zombi zongera kumvikana ko akomeza. Nyuma yo kuyasubiramo ntibyagenze neza, bituma ku wa 16/03/2020 Akarere ka Nyabihu kongera kuyasesa, nyuma yo kuyasesa, GM Civil Engineering Contractors (GM CEC) Ltd ikarega mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, ivuga ko kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, isaba kwishyurwa “facture” ya “décompte final” n’indishyi zinyuranye byose hamwe bingana na 615.484.849 Frw.

[2] Mu rubanza RCOM 01822/2020/TC rwaciwe ku wa 16/03/2021, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko, rugategeka kwishyura GM Civil Engineering Contractors (GM CEC) Ltd 37.926.023 Frw yasigaye atishyuwe ku mirimo y’ubwubatsi bw’umuhanda, rugategeka kuyishyura inyungu kayihombeje kuri iryo soko zingana na 10% by’agaciro k’isoko ryose zihwanye na 75.859.047 Frw, rugategeka kuyishyura igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 1.000.000 Frw, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza angana na 200.000 Frw n’ingwate y’amagarama ingana na 20.000 Frw,

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runategeka ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kadahabwa ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo n’ingwate y’avansi yo gutangira imirimo (avance de démarrage) ku isoko Nº 15/T/NCB/LODA/NYAB/16- 17 ryo ku wa 14/05/2019, byose hamwe bingana na 227.577.142 Frw. [3] Akarere ka Nyabihu kajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, kavuga ko kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ko ntacyo kagombaga gutegekwa kwishyura, kandi ko katagombaga kubuzwa gufatira ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo n’ingwate y’avansi yo gutangira imirimo. [4] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ibibazo bitandukanye, birimo icyo kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu karasheshe amasezerano Nº15/T/NCB/LODA/NYAB/16-17 mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, niba karagombaga gucibwa amafaranga ya “décompte final” kandi itarakozwe, niba karagombaga gucibwa indishyi z’iseswa ry’amasezerano, n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka, kumenya niba karagombaga guhabwa ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo ndetse n’ingwate y’avansi yo gutangira imirimo, kumenya niba ababuranyi bahabwa indishyi basabye zo gushorwa mu manza, no kumenya niba avansi yahawe GM Civil Engineering Contractors (GM CEC) Ltd itakatwa mu mafaranga ya “décompte final”. [5] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00289/2021/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 25/07/2022, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Akarere ka Nyabihu nta shingiro bufite, ko kuba Urukiko rw’ubucuruzi rwarakase avansi yahawe GM Civil Engineering Contractors (GM CEC) Ltd mu mafaranga igomba kwishyurwa bifite ishingiro, kandi ko urubanza RCOM 01822/2020/TC rwajuririwe rudahindutse, rutegeka Akarere ka Nyabihu kwishyura GM Civil Engineering Contractors (GM CEC) Ltd 600.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [6] Ku wa 23/08/2022, Akarere ka Nyabihu kajuririye icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwako bwandikwa kuri RCOMAA 00093/2022/CA, gasaba gusuzuma niba karasheshe amasezerano Nº15/T/NCB/LODA/NYAB/16-17 yo gusana umuhanda n'ibiraro mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, niba karagombaga gucibwa amafaranga ya “décompte final”, niba karagombaga gutegekwa kwishyura GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd indishyi z'iseswa ry'amasezerano, no gusuzuma niba karagombaga gucibwa amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza n'igihembo cya Avoka. Mu gusoza, gasaba indishyi zitandukanye. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 05/042023, Akarere ka Nyabihu gahagarariwe na Me Batsinda Aline, GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Gahamanyi Justin, uwo munsi hagibwa impaka ku nzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURA RYABYO 1.Kumenya niba ubujurire bw’Akarere ka Nyabihu butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko [8] Me Gahamanyi Justin uhagarariye GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd avuga ko ubujurire bw’Akarere ka Nyabihu budakwiye kwakirwa, kubera ko katsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje, hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe.

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[9] Asobanura ko mu rubanza RCOM 01822/2020/TC, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba iseswa ry’amasezerano ryarakurikije amategeko ari na cyo kibazo nyamukuru rwari rwashyikirijwe, rugisesengura kuva ku gika cya 10 kugeza ku cya 18 by’urwo rubanza, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 116, iya 119 n’iya 62 z’itegeko n˚ 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta, rusanga raporo iteganywa n’ingingo ya 119 y’iryo tegeko, igaragaza ko uwahawe isoko yananiwe kurangiza imirimo cyangwa yayitaye, itarigeze ihabwa GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ngo iyiregureho, ko rero Akarere ka Nyabihu nta ho kari gushingira kavuga ko yananiwe imirimo cyangwa yayitaye. [10] Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasobanuye ko Akarere ka Nyabihu ari ko kakoze amakosa menshi yabangamiye irangiza ry’imirimo mu gihe cy’amezi umunani (8) cyavugwaga mu masezerano kanga no kongera igihe cyayo, runavuga ko ako Karere kadafite ububasha n’uburenganzira byo kubara ko amezi 8 yarangiye ku wa 15/05/2019 kuko ari ko kapfushije icyo gihe ubusa, kadakora inshingano zako z’ingenzi, kugira ngo GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ibone uko irangiza inshingano zayo. [11] Kuri iki kibazo, Me Gahamanyi Justin avuga ko mu rubanza RCOMA 00289/2021/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagisesenguye kuva ku gika cya 40 kugeza ku cya 56, rusanga inzira iteganywa n’ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta itarubahirijwe, kuko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd itigeze ihabwa raporo ivugwa muri iyi ngingo y’itegeko, bikaba byumvikanisha ko yavukijwe uburenganzira yemererwa n’itegeko bwo kwisobanura mbere y’uko Akarere ka Nyabihu gafata icyemezo. Rwasanze kandi igihe cy’amezi 8 cyari gikwiye kongerwaho igihe imirimo yahagaze nk’uko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yari yabisabye ako Karere kandi bikaba biteganywa n’ingingo ya 116 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryavuzwe. [12] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya ibyashingiweho mu gutanga indishyi (décompte final), Me Gahamanyi Justin uhagarariye GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd, asobanura ko mu gika cya 23 n’icya 24, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rushingiye ku ngingo ya 130 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta, rwasanze n’ubwo nta “décompte final” yakozwe n’impande zombi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, hari inyandiko yemewe n’impande zombi igaragaza imirimo yakozwe, rusanga rugomba kwifashisha raporo yo ku wa 11/09/2019 yiswe “Minute of management meeting for the works contract of the road Kabahenda-Nyakiriba (3.9 Km)”, aho mu ngingo yayo ya 3, yemeje ko imirimo igomba gukorwa igeze ku gipimo cya 25%, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rusanga iyo nyandikomvugo yarakozwe n’abatekinisiye b’Akarere ka Nyabihu, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’ako Karere, abatekinisiye ba RTDA, n’ushinzwe kugenzura imirimo (ECET Ltd), rusanga iyo nyandiko iri mu bimenyetso byatanzwe na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd nta n’ikindi cyatanzwe kiyinyomoza kandi ko mu kubibara, Akarere ka Nyabihu katumiwe ariko ntikitabire, rufata iyo raporo nk’ukuri cyane ko kuva yakorwa ku wa 11/09/2019, imirimo itongeye gukorwa kandi yari inamaze igihe ihagaze. Urukiko rushingiye ku kuba isoko ryose ryari rifite agaciro kangana na 758.590.474 Frw, rwasanze imirimo yari imaze gukorwa ku kigero cya 25% ifite agaciro kangana na 189.630.118 Frw, hakurwamo avansi ingana na 20% y’isoko ryose GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yahawe ingana na 151.704.095 Frw, rusanga igomba kwishyurwa 37.926.023 Frw. [13] Me Gahamanyi Justin asobanura ko ku kibazo cyo kubara indishyi, mu gika cya 67 cy’urubanza RCOMA 00289/2021/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ibiteganywa

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n’ingingo ya 130 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta bitarubahirijwe, ko rero nta cyari kubuza Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi gushingira ku kindi kimenyetso rubona kigaragaza ukuri ku kiburanwa nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 2 y’itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, rwanzura ko icyemezo cyafashwe kuri iyo ngingo kitagomba guhinduka. [14] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu karagombaga gufatira ingwate, Me Gahamanyi Justin uhagarariye GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd, asobanura ko mu gika cya 30 cy’urubanza rwaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rushingiye ku ngingo ya 64 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta, rwasanze GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd atari yo yaryozwa kutarangizwa neza kw’amasezerano y’isoko ryo kubaka umuhanda uvugwa mu masezerano yo ku wa 14/05/2019 kuko nta kosa na rimwe yakoze ryabiteye, ko ahubwo byatewe n’amakosa y’Akarere ka Nyabihu kateguye umushinga nabi, kakongeraho no gusesa amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rusobanura ko uburenganzira itegeko riha urwego rwatanze isoko bwo gufatira no guhabwa ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo n’iy’avansi yo gutangira imirimo, bwubahirizwa iyo urwo rwego rwahemukiwe n’uwahawe isoko, ariko ko hagati ya GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd n’Akarere ka Nyabihu atari ko bimeze, bityo ko kadafite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa ingwate zatanzwe na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ku masezerano y’isoko aburanwa. [15] Kuri iki kibazo, Me Gahamanyi Justin asobanura ko mu gika cya 82 cy’urubanza rujuriirrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi na rwo rushingiye ku ngingo ya 64 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta, rwasobanuye ko rusanga ingwate yo kwishingira kurangiza imirimo neza itagomba gufatirwa, kubera ko Urukiko rwasanze igihe cy’imirimo cyarahagaritswe ku mpamvu zidaturutse kuri GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd kandi icyo gihe cyaragombaga kongerwa ku cyo kurangiza imirimo giteganyijwe mu masezerano y’isoko ariko Akarere ka Nyabihu kakaba katarabikoze, ahubwo gasesa amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [16] Mu magambo make, Me Gahamanyi Justin asobanura ko asanga Akarere ka Nyabihu karatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe kubera ko: inkiko zombi zashingiye ku kuba raporo igaragaza ibyo Akarere ka Nyabihu kavugaga ko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd itakoze, katarayiyishyikirije ngo igire icyo iyivugaho mu gihe cy’iminsi 15 iteganywa n’itegeko; inkiko zombi zasanze GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yaragombaga kongererwa igihe zishingiye ku kuba hari igihe cyagiye gitakara biturutse ku makosa y’Akarere ka Nyabihu; kuba inkiko zombi zaremeje ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, zishingiye ku kuba zarasanze ari ko kakoze amakosa yo gukora inyigo nabi kandi GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ikigera kuri “chantier” ikaba yarahise ibigaragaza, ariko ntikagire icyo kabikoraho; mu gufata icyemezo, inkiko zombi zashingiye ku ngingo z’amategeko zimwe nk’uko zagaragajwe haruguru. [17] Me Gahamanyi Justin na none avuga ko inkiko zombi zibanza zasuzumye ikibazo cy’indishyi zirebana n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka zasabwaga n’ababuranyi, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku ndishyi zemejwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi kandi ko izo nkiko zabisobanuye mu buryo bumwe. [18] Asoza asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kuzashingira ku mirongo yatanzwe mu manza zasuzumiwemo ikibazo gisa n’iki harimo urubanza RPAA 00127/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 14/10/2022 hagati y’Ubushinjacyaha na Serugendo Jean de Dieu;

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RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020 haburana Road Solution Pavement Products Ltd na Mail Co Ltd n’urubanza RCOMAA 00078/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 18/11/2022 haburana Nzeyimana Cyprien, Uwera Hélēne na Bank of Kigali. [19] Me Batsinda Aline uhagarariye Akarere ka Nyabihu avuga ko iyi nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kubera ko Akarere ahagarariye katatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko mu gusuzuma ingingo ijyanye no kumenya niba iseswa ry’amasezerano ryarakurikije amategeko, mu kwemeza ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kishe amasezerano, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku kuba GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yarananiwe kurangiza inshingano zayo bitewe n’amakosa menshi yakozwe n’ako Karere, yayibangamiye kugira ngo irangize imirimo mu gihe cy’amezi umunani, nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 17 n’icya 18 by’urubanza RCOM 01822/2020/TC, ko ariko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwo rwavuze ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rushingiye ku kuba GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd itarahawe umwanya wo kwisobanuro mbere y’uko gafata icyemezo cyo gusesa amasezerano. Avuga kandi ko mu rubanza RCOM 01822/2020/TC, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kadafite ububasha bwo kubara ko amezi umunai (8) y’imirimo avugwa yarangiye ku wa 15/05/2019 kuko kapfushije icyo gihe cy’amezi umunani (8) ubusa, akaba nta ho Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwigeze rubivugaho. [20] Asobanura ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kakoze amakosa menshi yatumye imirimo itarangizwa mu gihe cy’amezi umunani ntirwagaragaza ayo makosa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwo rugaragaza ikosa rimwe ryakozwe n’Akarere ka Nyabihu ryo kudatanga raporo iteganywa n’ingingo ya 119 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryavuzwe haruguru, ko rero n’ubwo inkiko zombi zageze ku mwanzuro umwe, uburyo zatanzemo ibisobanuro byatumye zigera kuri uwo mwanzuro butandukanye. [21] Me Batsinda Aline akomeza avuga ko mu rubanza RCOMA 00289/2021/HCC, ku bijyanye no kuvuga ko imirimo yahagaze bidaturutse kuri GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko ibiraro byagombaga gukorwa byari bikigibwaho impaka, ko ariko mu rubanza RCOM 01822/2020/TC bitavuzweho. [22] Ku kibazo cyo kubara “décompte final”, Me Batsinda Aline uhagarariye Akarere ka Nyabihu avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwashingiye ku ngingo ya 130 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta, rushingira kuri raporo yakozwe ku wa 11/09/2019, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi na rwo ruvuga ko nta cyari kubuza Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi gushingira ku kindi kimenyetso, ko kuba zarasobanuye zityo, asanga izi mpamvu ari zimwe ariko bitari neza, kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutagaragaje neza niba rwemera ingingo y’itegeko yashingiweho n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi cyangwa niba rutayemera. [23] Ku byerekeye indishyi z’iseswa ry’amasezerano, Me Batsinda Aline avuga ko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko zifite ishingiro kubera ko iryo seswa ry’amasezerano ryavukije GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd uburenganzira ku mafaranga yari yabaze ko ifite, kandi ko abagiranye amasezerano bagiye bayahindura uko bishakiye, na ho Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ruvuga ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kagomba gutanga indishyi zo gusesa amasezerano kubera ko katashoboye kugaragaza ko kayasheshe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [24] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko iteganya ko “Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ruburanisha mu rwego rw’ubujurire bwa kabiri imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Gisirikare iyo zujuje ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo. Mu gika cyayo cya 3 iyo ngingo iteganya ko: “Icyakora kandi ubujurire bwa kabiri ntibushobora kwakirwa ku manza z’ababuranye bemera ibyo baregwa cyangwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe”. [25] Igika cya 3 cy’ingingo ya 52 y’Itegeko 30/2018 ryo ku wa Nº 02/06/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, cyumvikanisha ko ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu zashingiweho Akarere ka Nyabihu gatsindwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ari zimwe, kigomba gusuzumwa hagereranywa imikirize y’urubanza kuri izo nzego zombi, ingingo z’ingenzi zasuzumwe n’impamvu buri rukiko rwashingiyeho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo kimwe zombi zafashe cyo kudaha ishingiro ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Akarere ka Nyabihu. [26] Urukiko rurasanga nk’uko byagiye bisobanurwa mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga1, zagaragaje ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe mbere ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazishubijeho mu buryo bumwe. Impamvu zigomba gutandukanywa n’icyemezo cy’Urukiko, kuko impamvu ari yo ishingirwaho mu kugaragariza no gusobanurira ababuranyi icyatumye Urukiko rufata icyemezo. [27] Ikibazo gisa n’iki cyasuzumwe kandi mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020, aho rwatanze umurongo ukurikira:” Mu kugenzura ko ingingo zaburanwe mbere ari na zo zaburanwe mu bujurire, hagomba kwitabwa ku isano remezo iri hagati y’imanza zombi kandi iyo mpamvu ikaba igaragarira mu mpamvu z’ubujurire n’umwanzuro urubanza ku rwego rwa kabiri rwazifasheho2 […]”.

Zimwe muri izo manza harimo: - Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukomeza rusobanura ko” […] gutsindwa ku mpamvu zimwe bigenzurwa hashingiwe ku ngingo zatumye umuburanyi ajurira, umwanzuro wazifashwemo n’impamvu zashingiweho n’inkiko zombi, bivuze ko ibindi ababuranyi bemerewe gusaba mu rwego rw’ubujurire nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 154 y’itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’inyungu, ibyishyuwe ku bukode n’ibindi bintu by’inyongera n’ibindi 1 urubanza RCOMAA 00034/2016/SC rwo ku wa 23/03/2018 hagati ya Uwase Claudine vs Banki ya Kigali, B&N General Supply Company Ltd, RDB; urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe ku wa 25/09/2020, hagati ya Road Solution Pavement Product na MAILCO Ltd, igika cya 24. Reba urubanza RS/INJUST/RCOM 00005/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020, hagati ya Banque Populaire du Rwanda Atlas Mara Plc Vs Nkusi Evariste, igika cya 28.

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bintu byabonetse nk’indishyi z’igihombo umuburanyi yagize kuva urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere ruciwe, kimwe no kugobokesha umuburanyi mu bujurire, bidashobora gushingirwaho hasuzumwa ko umuburanyi yatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, ko rero nta n’uwakwitwaza umwanzuro wabifashwemo ashaka kumvikanisha ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko ibyo biba bitarasuzumwe ku rwego rwa mbere, akaba rero nta gereranya rishobora kubikorerwaho harebwa imanza zaciwe ku nzego zombi kuko nta we ugereranya ibidafitanye isano2”. [28] Imikirize y’urubanza RCOM 01822/2020/TC rwaciwe ku wa 16/03/2021, igaragaza ko mu gusuzuma ikibazo kirebana no kumenya niba igikorwa cy’Akarere ka Nyabihu cyo gutangira kubara ubukererwe n’ibihano ku itariki ya 14/01/2020 ku masezerano yako na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd n˚15/T/NCB/LODA/NYAB/16-17 yo ku wa 14/05/2019 yo kubaka umuhanda Rwankeri-Gatovu-Nyakiriba-Nyamata (Phase II Kadahenda-Nyakiriba) n’igikorwa cyo kuyasesa ku wa 16/03/2020 byarakurikije amategeko,Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze Akarere ka Nyabihu karatangiye kubara ibihano kanasesa amasezerano kagiranye na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, rushingiye: -Ku kuba ako Karere karabangamiye bikomeye ikorwa ry’imirimo ikubiye mu masezerano, gakora ibikorwa bihagarika imirimo ya GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ahanini bitewe n’inyigo mbi n’itunganyamirimo ribi by’uwo mushinga bigaragazwa n’ibimenyetso byinshi biri muri dosiye; -Ku kuba raporo iteganywa n’ingingo ya 119 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta itarigeze ihabwa GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd mu minsi cumi n’itanu (15) ngo isabwe kuyireguraho, ndetse gakora n’irindi kosa ryo kwanga kongerera GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd igihe; [29] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00289/2021/HCC rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu karasheshe amasezerano n˚15/T/NCB/LODA/NYAB/16-17 mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, kuri iyi ngingo rusuzuma niba inzira yanyuzwemo mu gusesa ayo masezerano yarubahirijwe kandi niba impamvu yasheshwe ifite ishingiro, rusanga nk’uko byasobanuwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, inzira iteganywa n’itegeko itarubahirijwe, kuko ingingo ya 119 y’itegeko n˚62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta iteganya ko “ Kunanirwa kurangiza imirimo k’uwatsindiye isoko bigaragazwa muri raporo yanditse ikorwa n’umukozi ushinzwe gukurikirana imirimo nk’uko biteganywa n’iri tegeko. Uwatsindiye isoko ahabwa iminsi cumi n’itanu (15) y’akazi uhereye igihe yaboneye raporo igaragaza ko yananiwe kurangiza imirimo y’isoko yeguriwe kugira ngo yikosore cyangwa agaragaze mu nyandiko impamvu yireguza. Iyo atagize icyo ayivugaho mu gihe yahawe, bifatwa nk’aho yemeye ibikubiye muri iyo raporo. Iyo uwatsindiye isoko atagize icyo akora ku byo yasabwe, urwego rutanga isoko rufata icyemezo rubona gikwiye”. Rwasobanuye kandi ko iminsi imirimo yahagaze yaragombaga kongerwa ku gihe cyo kurangiza amasezerano nk’uko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yari yabisabye kandi bikaba binateganywa n’ingingo ya 1163 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryavuzwe. 2 Idem, igika cya 29 3 Ingingo ya 116 y’itegeko n˚62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko” Icyemezo cyo guhagarika imirimo by’agateganyo gishobora gufatwa: 1˚n’urwego rutanga isoko ku nyungu rusange z’igihugu; 2˚n’uwatsindiye isoko ashingiye ku biteganywa n’iri tegeko”. “Guhagarika imirimo by’agateganyo ntibigomba kurenza iminsi mirongo itatu (30) ikurikirana, iyo birenze iminsi yavuzwe,

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[30] Ku birebana n’ishingiro ry’impamvu Akarere ka Nyabihu kasheshe amasezerano, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwabonye ko imirimo yahagaritswe kubera impamvu zumvikana zigaragazwa n’uko mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 27/08/2019, hemejwe ko imwe mu mirimo ihagarara, mu nama zakurikiyeho hemezwa ibigomba gukosorwa kandi koko birakosorwa bishyikirizwa GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ku wa 24/12/2019, rusanga ibyo Akarere ka Nyabihu kashingiyeho mu gusesa amasezerano nta shingiro bifite, kubera ko kayasheshe gashingiye ku kuba GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yarananiwe kurangiza imirimo ku gihe cyari giteganyijwe mu masezerano, kirengagije ko hari igihe imirimo yahagaze bidaturutse kuri GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd, ahubwo bitewe n’uko ibiraro byari kubakwa byari bikigibwaho impaka, bikarangira GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ihawe ukuri kuko bimwe mu byo yasabaga guhinduka byahinduwe. [31] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga harebwe imikirize y’imanza zombi kuri iyi ngingo, bigaragara ko ikibazo cy’ibanze ibindi byose bishamikiyeho kirebana no kumenya niba amasezerano hagati y’Akarere ka Nyabihu na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yarasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, inkiko zombi zibanza zaragaragaje ko yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko kubera ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kavuze ko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd itubahirije igihe cyo kurangiza imirimo cyari giteganyijwe mu masezerano, nyamara kutarangirira kuri icyo gihe byaraturutse ku makosa yako. Ikigaragara ni uko inkiko zombi zihurira ku kuba hari amakosa yakozwe n’Akarere ka Nyabihu. [32] Ku birebana no kuba Me Batsinda Aline uhagarariye Akarere ka Nyabihu avuga ko kuba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaravuze ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kakoze amakosa menshi ariko ntiruvuge ayo ari yo, nyamara Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwo rukagaragaza ikosa rimwe kakoze ryo kudashyikiriza GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd raporo iteganywa n’ingingo ya 119 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ngo iyisobanureho, ibyo bihita bigaragaza ko inkiko zombi zitashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro byahabwa kuko mu gika cya 15 cy’urubanza RCOM 01822/2020/TC, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaragaragaje ibyo rwafashe nk’amakosa atuma Akarere ka Nyabihu gafatwa ko kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, mu gika cya 17 cy’urwo rubanza, rugaragaza ko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd itahawe raporo iteganywa n’ingingo ya 119 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ngo isabwe kuyireguraho ndetse no kuba katarongereye GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd igihe cyo kurangiza imirimo rwabifashe nk’ikosa. Mu gika cya 18 cy’urwo rubanza kandi na ho Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwagaragaje amakosa yakozwe n’Akarere ka Nyabihu harimo gutinda gutanga inyigo, gutanga inyigo zirimo ibigomba gusubirwamo, kutabarira abaturage imitungo no kuyiriha. Urukiko rurasanga kuva ku gika cya 46 kugeza ku gika cya 52 by’urubanza RCOMA 00289/2021/HCC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi narwo rwasanze Akarere ka Nyabihu karasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kanzura ko GM CIVIL Engineering Contractors Ltd yananiwe kurangiza imirimo ku gihe cyari giteganyijwe mu masezerano kirengangije ko igihe imirimo yahagaze bitayiturutseho, ahubwo amaszerano y’isoko ahita aseswa nta mpaka. Icyakora iyo urwego rutanga isoko rufashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika imirimo by’agateganyo mu gihe kirenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30), impande zombi zumvikana ku ngamba zafatwa mu rwego rwo kwirinda igihombo cyaturuka kuri iryo hagarikwa. Igihe cy’ihagarikwa ry’imirimo ry’agateganyo kigomba kongerwa ku cyo kurangiza imirimo giteganyijwe mu masezerano y’isoko igihe cyose kurangiza imirimo bidahuriranye n’igihe hafatiwe icyemezo cyo guhagarika imirimo by’agateganyo”.

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byaturutse ku bibazo by’uko uko ibiraro byari kubakwa byari bikigibwaho impaka, kandi bikarangira GM CIVIL Engineering Contractors Ltd ihawe ukuri, kuko bimwe mu byo yasabaga guhinduka byahinduwe. [33] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga kandi umubare w’amakosa waba waragaragajwe n’inkiko zombi atari impamvu yo kuvuga ko zitashingiye isesengura ryazo ku mpamvu zimwe, ahubwo icyangombwa ari uko zose zabonye ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kakoze amakosa yagejeje ku mwanzuro wo gufata ko kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, bikaba atari ngombwa ko hakoreshwa amagambo amwe mu gusobanura ingingo runaka, ahubwo icy’ingenzi ari ugusuzuma uburyo ibyo bisobanuro byatanzwemo. [34] Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye kandi ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu kategekwa kwishyura GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd “décompte final” ingana na 288.907.707 Frw, mu gika cya 23 cy’urubanza, rwasanze inyandiko isobanura isozwa ry’imirimo iteganywa n’ingingo ya 1304 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryavuzwe haruguru itarakozwe kubera ko imirimo itarangiye nyine, ko ariko impande zombi zagombaga guhura zigakora raporo zemeranywaho igaragaza ubwoko bw’imirimo bwakozwe, ingano yayo n’agaciro kayo mu mafaranga (bill of qualities), GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd n’ushinzwe gukurikirana imirimo bakayishyiraho umukono, inyandiko imeze nka facture yari yateguwe na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ntirwayiha agaciro na cyane ko yari yayikoze yonyine nyamara Akarere ka Nyabihu kari kayisabye kwitabira umuhango wo kubaranwa ibyakozwe mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 16/03/2020 isesa amasezerano, ntibikore. [35] Mu gika cya 24, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasobanuye kandi ko n’Akarere ka Nyabihu katigeze kagerageza gukora “décompte final” konyine ngo wenda kazasobanure ko kayikoze muri ubwo buryo kubera ko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yanze kwitabira uwo muhango, kugira ngo rutange igisubizo ku kibazo rwasesenguraga, rusanga rugomba kwifashisha raporo yo ku wa 11/09/2019 yiswe “Minute of management meeting for the works contract of the road Kadahenda-Nyakiriba (3.9 Km)” yemeje ko imirimo yari imaze gukorwa yari igeze kuri 25% kandi ko iyo nyandikomvugo yakozwe n’abatekinisiye b’Akarere ka Nyabihu, Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere ka Nyabihu, abatekinisiye ba RTDA n’ushinzwe kugenzura imirimo (ACET Ltd), iyo raporo ruyifata nk’ukuri na cyane ko nyuma yayo, nta yindi mirimo yongeye gukorwa ndetse yari imaze igihe ihagaze. [36] Ku ngingo isa n’iyi, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu karagombaga gucibwa amafaranga ya “décompte final”, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 130 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta n’iya 2 y’itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, mu gika cya 66 na 67, rwasobanuye ko Akarere ka Nyabihu katagaragaza niba nyuma yo ku wa 03/06/2020, karongeye gutumira GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd ngo babarure imirimo yakozwe, ko nk’uko Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwabigaragaje mu gika cya 22 cy’urubanza rwajuririwe, ako Karere katagaragaza ko hari indi raporo igaragaza imirimo yakozwe, ko rero nta kosa Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwakoze mu 4 Ingingo ya 130 y’itegeko N˚62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta iteganya ko” Mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo icyenda (90) uhereye igihe iyakirwa burundu ry’imirimo ryabereye, uwatsindiye isoko akorera urwego rutanga isoko inyandiko igaragaza inshingano za buri ruhande hagamijwe kurangiza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano. Iyo nyandiko ishyirwaho umukono n’umukozi ushinzwe gukurikirana imirimo”.

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gushingira kuri raporo yo ku wa 11/09/2019 kuko ari cyo kimenyetso cyonyine cyashyizweho umukono na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd na ACET Ltd ndetse na nyuma yaho akaba nta bindi bikorwa byakozwe nk’uko bigaragzwa n’ibaruwa ACET Ltd yandikiye Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’Akarere ka Nyabihu ku wa 27/09/2019. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwanzuye ko mu gihe Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rusanze ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 130 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta bitarakozwe, nta cyari kurubuza gushingira ku kindi kimenyetso rubona kigaragaza ukuri ku kiburanwa, ko rero icyemezo cyafashwe kuri iyo ngingo kitagomba guhinduka. [37] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga mu gufata umwanzuro ku kibazo kirebana no kubara “décompte final”, inkiko zombi zibanza zarashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe kuko zemeranya ko raporo yo ku wa 11/09/2019 ari yo yagombaga gushingirwaho mu gihe impande zombi zagiranye amasezerano zitakoze ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 130 y’itegeko N˚ 62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta. [38] Ku birebana no kuba uhagarariye Akarere ka Nyabihu avuga ko kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutareruye ngo ruvuge niba rwemeranya n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi cyangwa niba rutemeranya na rwo kuri iyo ngingo y’itegeko yashingiweho, asanga impamvu zashingiweho atari zimwe neza, Urukiko rurasanga ibyo nta shingiro byahabwa, kubera ko mu gika cya 62 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwagaragaje ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 130 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryakomeje kuvugwa, ndetse mu gika cya 67 rusobanura ko mu gihe Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwari rusanze ibiteganywa n’iyo ngingo ya 130 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta bitarakozwe, nta cyari kurubuza gushingira ku kindi kimenyetso rubona kigaragaza ukuri ku kiburanwa. [39] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba GM CEC Ltd yahabwa indishyi z’iseswa ry’amasezerano rinyuranyije n’amategeko, mu gika cya 24 cy’urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, urwo rukiko rwasanze izo ndishyi isaba guhabwa zifite ishingiro, kubera ko ryayivukije uburenganzira bwayo ku mafaranga yari yabaze ko ifite, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 965 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta ryakomeje kuvugwa no ku ngingo ya 816 y’Itegeko n˚45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano. [40] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu kataragombaga gucibwa indishyi z’iseswa ry’amasezerano, mu gika cya 73 cy’’urubanza RCOMA 00289/2020/TC, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwavuze ko mu isesengura ry’impamvu ya mbere y’ubujurire, rwasanze Akarere ka Nyabihu karasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, ko rero katashoboye kugaragaza ibimenyetso byemeza ko kayasheshe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. Iyo ngingo y’ubujurire na yo ntiyahabwa ishingiro. 5 Ingingo ya 96, igika cya mbere y’itegeko N˚62/2018 ryo ku wa 25/08/2018 rigenga amasoko ya Leta iteganya ko” Uwatsindiye isoko yemerewe kwifashisha ibimenyetso byose kugira ngo agaragaze uruhare rw’urwego rutanga isoko asaba kwishyurwa indishyi iyo ari yo yose, yerekana impamvu atubahirije igikorwa iki n’iki cyari mu nshingano ze cyangwa asaba gusubizwa igice cyangwa amafaranga yose yakoresheje”.

6 Ingingo ya 81, igika cya mbere y’itegeko N˚45/2011 ryo ku wa 25/11/2011 rigenga amasezerano iteganya ko” Kwica amasezerano bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye ku nshingano zo gukora igisabwa zitararangira; Kwica igice cy’amasezerano bitanga uburenganzira ku ndishyi z’akababaro zishingiye gusa ku gice cy’inshingano zisigaye zo gukora igisabwa”.

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[41] Kuri iki kibazo cy’indishyi zikomoka ku gusesa amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga inkiko zombi zibanza zarasanze izo ndishyi zigomba gutangwa zishingiye ahanini ku kuba zarabanje kwemeza ko amasezerano yasheshwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, na ho kuba Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaravuze ko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yavukijwe uburenganzira ku mafaranga yari yabaze ko izabona, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rukavuga ko Akarere ka Nyabihu katashoboye kugaragaza ko kasheshe amasezerano mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, uru Rukiko rurasanga aya magambo yakoreshejwe atafatwa nk’isobanurampamvu yo gutanga indishyi, cyane ko ikibazo cyasuzumwaga ubwacyo kirebana n’indishyi zikomoka ku iseswa ry’amasezerano ridakurikije amategeko. [42] Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasuzumye kandi ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu kakwirengera ingaruka zo gusesa amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko ntigahabwe ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo n’ingwate ya avansi, mu gika cya 30 cy’urubanza n˚ RCOM 01822/2020/TC, rwasanze GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd atari yo yaryozwa kutarangira neza kw’amasezerano yo ku wa 14/05/2019 kubera ko nta kosa na rimwe yakoze, ko ahubwo byatewe n’Akarere ka Nyabihu kateguye umushinga nabi, kagerekaho no gusesa amasezerano mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko, kandi ko uburenganzira bwo gufatira no guhabwa ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo n’ingwate y’avansi yo gutangira imirimo itegeko riha urwego rwatanze isoko, bwubahirizwa gusa mu gihe urwego rwatanze isoko rwahemukiwe n’uwahawe isoko, akaba atariko bimeze hagati y’Akarere ka Nyabihu na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd, bityo ko Akarere ka Nyabihu kadafite uburenganzira ku ngwate zatanzwe na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd. [43] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu karagombaga guhabwa ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo n’ingwate ya avansi yo gutangira imirimo, cyasuzumwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi mu mu gika cya 82, rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 64 y’itegeko rigenga amasoko ya Leta, ruvuga ko ingwate yo kwishingira kurangiza isoko neza itagomba gufatirwa kubera ko rwasanze imirimo yarahagaritswe bidaturutse kuri GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd, kandi ko icyo gihe imirimo yahagaze cyagombaga kongerwa ku cyo kurangiza imirimo cyari giteganyijwe mu masezerano, Akarere ka Nyabihu ntikabikora ahubwo gasesa amasezerano mu buryo budakurikije amategeko. [44] Na ho mu gika cya 83, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze ingwate ya avansi yo gutangira isoko na yo itagomba gufatirwa, kubera ko Akarere ka Nyabihu katashoboye kugaragaza ibimenyetso byemeza ko hari amafaranga ya avansi GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd itakoresheje ibyo yagombaga gukoresha, ko ahubwo rwasanze imirimo yakozwe irusha agaciro avansi yo gutangira imirimo yatanzwe. [45] Kuri iki kibazo kirebana no kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu karagombaga gufatira ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo n’ingwate ya avansi yo gutangira imirimo, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga inkiko zombi zabanje zarahurije ku kuba ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo itagomba gufatirwa kubera ko kutarangiza neza imirimo bitaturutse kuri GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd, ndetse ko n’ingwate ya avansi yo gutangira imirimo itagomba gufatirwa kubera ko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd itigeze ihemukira urwego rwatanze isoko, aha igisobanuro cyo kuba ingwate ya avansi ifatirwa mu gihe uwahawe isoko yahemukiye urwego rwatanze isoko birahuzwa n’igisobanuro cyatanzwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ko

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nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd yakoresheje avansi yahawe mu bitari biteganyijwe. [46] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga, hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’Inkiko ryavuzwe haruguru n’ibisobanuro byatanzwe, ibibazo by’ingenzi byasuzumwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi bikanasuzumwa n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi bigizwe no kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu karasheshe amasezerano kagiranye na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko; kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu kakwishyura GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd “décompte final”; kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu katanga indishyi zikomoka ku iseswa ry’amasezerano rinyuranyije n’amategeko n’ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Akarere ka Nyabihu katagomba guhabwa ingwate yo kurangiza neza imirimo n’ingwate ya avansi, kandi bigaragara ko izi nkiko zombi zabisobanuye mu buryo bumwe impamvu ibisobanuro by’Akarere ka Nyabihu bitahawe ishingiro. Bityo, ubujurire bwatanzwe n’Akarere ka Nyabihu bukaba butagomba kwakirwa ngo busuzumwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko. 2. Kumenya ishingiro ry’indishyi zisabwa n’ababuranyi [47] Me Batsinda Aline uhagarariye Akarere ka Nyabihu asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd kwishyura Akarere ahagarariye indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza nta mpamvu zingana na 5.000.000 Frw, iz’ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 5.000.000 Frw, no kugasubiza amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama katanze karega. Na ho ku mafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd isaba guhabwa, Me Batsinda Aline avu [48] Me Gahamanyi Justin uhagarariye GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd avuga ko indishyi Akarere ka Nyabihu gasaba kadakwiye kuzihabwa, kubera ko ari ko kishe amasezerano nk’uko inkiko zibanza zabibonye. Asaba ahubwo Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kugategeka kwishyura uwo ahagarariye 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [49] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikiye ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.” [50] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga amafaranga y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza Akarere ka Nyabihu gasaba guhabwa na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd katagomba kuzihabwa kubera ko ubujurire bwako butakiriwe. [51] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd isaba guhabwa afite ishingiro, kubera ko bigaragara ko yashatse Avoka ukurikirana urubanza rwayo, ariko kubera ko ayo isaba ari menshi kandi urubanza rukaba

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rugarukiye ku isuzuma ry’iyakira ry’ubujurire, mu bushishozi bwarwo, rukaba rugeneye GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [52] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe na GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd, ifite ishingiro. [53] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bw’Akarere ka Nyabihu butakiriwe, kubera ko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [54] Rutegetse Akarere ka Nyabihu guha GM Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. [55] Rutegetse ko amafaranga y’ingwate y’amagarama yatanzwe n’Akarere ka Nyabihu kajurira, ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.