BRD LTD v. MBUTO N’UNDI

BRD LTD v. MBUTO N’UNDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2018-10-26 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00071/2017/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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BRD LTD v. MBUTO N’UNDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMAA 00071/2017/SC (Mugenzi, P.J., Nyirinkwaya na Kayitesi, J.) 26 Ukwakira 2018] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ubujurire – Ingingo y’ubujurire itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire – Mu bigomba kuba mu nyandiko y’ubujurire harimo n’impamvu z’ubujurire zigaragaza inenge uwajuriye asaba ko zikosorwa n’ibisobanuro by’uburyo zakosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso, n’igisabwa urukiko rwajuririwe – Ingingo yose itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, ntiyakirwa. Incamake y’ikibazo: Mbuto Aimable yatse inguzanyo ingana na 69 000 000 Frw muri BRD kugira ngo abashe kwagura umushinga we w’ubworozi bw’inkoko, bityo ngo abashe gukora neza. Iyo nguzanyo yarayemerewe, impande zombi zigirana amasezerano ko azawuhabwa mu byiciro bitatu, amafaranga y’icyiciro cya mbere akayahabwa mu kwezi kwa 10/2010, icyiciro cya kabiri mu kwezi kwa 11/2010 naho icya gatatu mu kwezi kwa 12/2010. Mbuto n’umwishingizi we Mukangabire Pacifique, nyuma yo kumvikana na BRD Ltd ibijyanye n’igihe cyo gutangura kwishyura umwenda, inyungu zisanzwe ku mwenda bahawe, ndetse n’inyungu z’ubukererwe bwo gutinda kwishyura, basinyanye amasezerano na BRD ndetse bayiha ingwate y’umushinga « hatchery project site 70% of estaimated value » ndetse n’umutungo utimukanwa

ugizwe n’ikibanza Nº 10072 of 47mx40m, giherereye i Kibagabaga, Umurenge wa Kimironko, Akarere ka Gasabo. Mbuto yananiwe kubahiriza amasezerano, bituma BRD Ltd imuregana n’umwishingizi we Mukangabire Pacifique mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi isaba ko bategekwa kwishyura umwenda ungana na 59.543.624 Frw, usigaye utarishyurwa. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza abaregwa badahari, rusobanura ko bahamagajwe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko, rubategeka kwishyura BRD Ltd 52.323.489 Frw y’umwenda,1.000.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gukurikirana urubanza n’igihembo cya avoka na 50.000 Frw y’igarama, akomoka kukuba batarubahirije amasezerano ngo bishyure BRD. Mbuto yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko Urukiko rubanza rutubahirije amategeko agenga iburanisha kuko ihamagara ryatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, rwemeza ko atubahirije amasezerano kandi atari byo, runemeza amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa yose hamwe, nta kimenyetso rushingiyeho. Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire bufite ishingiro, ko nta mafaranga y’umwenda Mbuto afitiye BRD Ltd kuko yishyuye arenze ayo yamuhaye. BRD Ltd yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga, Mbuto atanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire kuko ingingo z’ubujurire zatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byo kujurira. Avuga ko ingingo BRD Ltd yatangiye igihe ari imwe gusa muri enye, iyo ngingo ikaba ari ijyanye no kumenya niba uregwa yarishyuye umwenda wose. Yongeraho kandi ko ingingo zatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire atari n’ingingo z’inyongera ku yatanzwe mbere. BRD Ltd yaburanye ivuga ko impamvu batanze ari izo kunenga urubanza bajuririye, ikiregerwa akaba ari ukujuririra urwo rubanza, kuvuga rero ko hari ingingo zaje nyuma bikaba bitaba ikibazo,

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kuko ingingo bari batanze mbere yo « kuba urukiko Rukuru rwarakuyeho urubanza… », ikubiyemo byose. Incamake y’icyemezo: Mu bigomba kuba mu nyandiko y’ubujurire harimo n’impamvu z’ubujurire zigaragaza inenge uwajuriye asaba ko zikosorwa n’ibisobanuro by’uburyo zakosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso, n’igisabwa urukiko rwajuririwe. Ingingo yose itanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, uretse iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura iyatanzwe mu bihe byemewe byo kujurira, ntiyakirwa. Inzitizi ifite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, Ingingo ya 165. Itegeko rishya Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, Ingingo ya 150 Nta manza zifashishijwe

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Mbuto Aimable yari afite umushinga w’ubworozi bw’inkoko, mu rwego rwo kuwagura no kugira ngo arusheho gukora neza,yasabye inguzanyo muri BRD Ltd, agaragaza umushinga uko uteye n’uburyo ateganya kuwagura baramutse bamuhaye inguzanyo ya 69.000.000frw. Iyo nguzanyo yarayemerewe, impande zombi zigirana amasezerano ko azawuhabwa mu byiciro bitatu,amafaranga y’icyiciro cya mbere akayahabwa mu kwezi kwa 10/2010, icyiciro cya kabiri mu kwezi kwa 11/2010 naho icya gatatu mu kwezi kwa 12/2010. [2] Ku wa 28/10/2010 Mbuto hamwe n’umwishingizi we Mukangabire Pacifique bagiranye amasezerano na BRD Ltd ko ibahaye umwenda ungana na 69.000.000 Frw bazishyura nyuma y’umwaka uhereye igihe basinyiye amasezerano y’inguzanyo, noneho bakabona kwishyura umwenda buri kwezi mu gihe cy’imyaka itandatu, ku nyungu zisanzwe zibariwe kuri 15%, baramuka bakererewe bakishyura andi 4% y’ubukererwe. Muri ayo masezerano batanze kandi ingwate y’umushinga « hatchery project site 70% of estaimated value » ndetse n’umutungo utimukanwa ugizwe n’ikibanza Nº 10072 of 47mx40m, giherereye i Kibagabaga, Umurenge wa Kimironko, Akarere ka Gasabo. [3] BRD Ltd yaje gutanga ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge, ivuga ko Mbuto hamwe n’umwishingizi we Mukangabire Pacifique banze kubahiriza amasezerano bagiranye kandi ko babisabwe kenshi ariko banga kwishyura ku bushake. Isaba ko bategekwa kwishyura umwenda ungana na 59.543.624 Frw, usigaye utarishyurwa.

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[4] Mbuto n’umwishingizi we Mukangabire Pacifique ntacyo babashije kuvuga, kuko urubanza rwaburanishijwe badahari, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwa Nyarugenge ruvuga ko bahamagawe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ruca urubanza RCOM 01326/2016 /TC/NYGE, rwemeza ko ikirego cya BRD Ltd gifite ishingiro, rutegeka Mbuto n’umwishingizi we Mukangabire Pacifique kwishyura BRD Ltd 52.323.489 Frw y’umwenda,1.000.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gukurikirana urubanza n’igihembo cya avoka na 50.000 Frw y’igarama, rusobanura ko batubahirije amasezerano basinye ku wa 28/10/2010 ngo bishyure nk’uko ingengabihe iteganyijwe. [5] Mbuto yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, avuga ko Urukiko rubanza rutubahirije amategeko agenga iburanisha kuko ihamagara ryatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko, rwemeza ko atubahirije amasezerano kandi atari byo, runemeza amafaranga agomba kwishyurwa yose hamwe, nta kimenyetso rushingiyeho. [6] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwaciye urubanza RCOMA 00050/2017/HCC ku wa 09/11/2017, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Mbuto bufite ishingiro, ko nta mafaranga y’umwenda Mbuto afitiye BRD Ltd kuko yishyuye arenze ayo yamuhaye, rutegeka BRD Ltd kwishyura Mbuto 24.000.000 Frw, ahwanye n’inyungu yagombaga kuba yarabonye mu gihe cy’imyaka itandatu ishize, runayitegeka kumwishyura 1.500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza. [7] Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwasobanuye ko ingingo ya 2

y’amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, ivuga neza ko inguzanyo igomba gutangwa ari 69.000.000 Frw, ariko ko ntaho bigaragara ko BRD Ltd igomba gufatira 10.000.000 Frw mu nguzanyo yose Mbuto yagombaga guhabwa, ngo ijye yiyishyura inyungu. Urukiko rwasanze kandi kuba ku cyiciro cya 3 Banki yarahaye Mbuto 6.650.000 Frw gusa, igasigarana andi angana nayo ivuga ko igomba kwiyishyura "période de grâce", nabyo ntaho byanditse mu masezerano, Banki ikaba yaragombaga kumuha amafaranga yose yari yemeye kumuguriza uko ari 69.000.000 Frw, ikayamuha kandi mu gihe gikwiye bitabaye ngombwa ko ategereza igihe kirekire kandi yaranditse asaba amafaranga yemerewe nk’inguzanyo. Bityo rwemeza ko BRD Ltd ariyo yishe amasezerano, kuko itigeze iha Mbuto amafaranga y’inguzanyo yose uko yari yayamwemereye. [8] Urwo Rukiko rwasanze “historique“ igaragaza ko Mbuto yari amaze kwishyura 67.686.459 Frw, kandi Banki yaramuhaye 51.952.050 Frw nk’umwenda wose, mu gihe yari yasabye inguzanyo ya 69.000.000 Frw, ariko Banki ntiyamuhe, bisobanuye ko nta mwenda Mbuto abereyemo BRD Ltd. [9] Ku bijyanye n’inyungu Mbuto avuga ko yari gukura mu mushinga we w’ubworozi, Urukiko rwasanze n’ubwo bigaragara ko BRD Ltd itamuhereye igihe amafaranga yasabye, ikanagira ayo ikuraho nta mpamvu, ikabikora yishe amasezerano impande zombi zagiranye, Mbuto nta kimenyetso kidashidikanywaho atanga, kigaragaza ko yagombaga kwunguka

byanze bikunze 5.520.651 Frw ku kwezi, akaba agomba kugenerwa, mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko 24.000.000 Frw abazwe kuva ku wa 16/11/2011 (ubwo“période de grâce“ yari irangiye) nk’inyungu yagombye kuba yarabonye kugeza ubu. [10] Ku birebana n’ibyo uwunganira Mbuto avuga, ko yari amaze kwishyura BRD Ltd 67.686.459 Frw, mu gihe yo yamuhaye 51.952.050 Frw nk’umwenda wose, kandi yarasabaga 69.000.000 Frw ariko Banki ntiyamuhe uko yayasabye, akaba yifuza gusubizwa inyungu z’ayo

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mafaranga yatanze, Urukiko rwasanze ingingo ya 80 y’Itegeko rigenga amasoko uwunganira Mbuto ashingiraho asaba izo nyungu, itavuga ko ntawe ushobora kwitwaza amakosa yakoze ngo ayabyaze inyungu, bityo amafaranga yahawe akaba yaragombaga kuyishyura yongereyeho inyungu amasezerano ateganya. [11] BRD Ltd yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Me Niyomugabo Christophe uburanira Aimable Mbuto n’umwishingizi we Mukangabire Pacifique, atanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha y’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa BRD Ltd, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 28, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko Ngenga n° 03/2012/OL ryo ku wa 13/06/2012, rigena imiterere, imikorere n’ububasha by’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaciye urubanza rubanziriza urundi ku wa 22/06/2018, rwemeza ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, ko rero ubujurire bwa BRD Ltd buri mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw‘Ikirenga. [12] Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 18/09/2018, BRD Ltd ihagarariwe na Me Kabera Johnson, Mbuto ahagarariwe na Me Niyomugabo Christophe, wanatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ingingo z’ubujurire za BRD Ltd zatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire, iyo nzitizi aba ari yo ibanza gusuzumwa. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA

RYACYO Kumenya niba ingingo z’ubujurire bwa BRD Ltd zatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire zakwakirwa. [13] Me Niyomugabo Christophe uburanira Mbuto, avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe na BRD Ltd zidakwiye kwakirwa, ko ingingo BRD Ltd yatangiye igihe ari imwe gusa muri enye, iyo ngingo ikaba ari ijyanye no kumenye niba Mbuto yarishyuye umwenda wose. [14] Avuga ko urubanza RCOMA 00050/2017/HCC rujuririrwa rwaciwe ku wa 09/11/2017, ebyiri mu ngingo zijuririrwa zitangwa ku wa 19/03/2018, izindi zitangwa ku wa 20/03/2018, ibihe by’ubujurire byararangiye, kandi ingingo ya 148 y‘Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, n’iziyikurikira zigaragaza ibihe by’ubujurire n’uburyo bukorwa, zigasobanura ibigomba gutangwa mu kujurira, akaba asanga ibyo bidashobora gutangwa igihe cy’ubujurire cyararangiye, cyane ko ingingo zatanzwe nyuma atari n’ingingo z‘ inyongera ku yatanzwe mbere. [15] Avuga ko ibyo kuvuga ko ingingo imwe y’ubujurire bwa BRD Ltd ikubiyemo ubujurire bwose atari byo, kuko iyo ubujurire bwose buza kuba mu ngingo imwe, BRD Ltd itari gutanga ingingo zinyuranye z’ubujurire nk’uko yabikoze. [16] Me Kabera, uburanira BRD Ltd, avuga ko impamvu batanze ari izo kunenga urubanza bajuririye, ikiregerwa akaba ari ukujuririra urwo rubanza, kuvuga rero ko hari ingingo zaje nyuma bikaba bitaba ikibazo, kuko ingingo bari batanze mbere yo « kuba urukiko Rukuru rwarakuyeho urubanza… », ikubiyemo byose.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

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[17] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko, mu kirego cy’ubujurire BRD Ltd yagejeje mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 08/12/2017, uyiburanira yatanze ingingo imwe y’ubujurire y’uko Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwakuyeho urubanza

RCOM 01328/2016/TC/NYGE, rukemeza ko Mbuto n’umwishingizi we nta mwenda babereyemo BRD Ltd. [18] Ku wa 19/03/2018, BRD Ltd yohereje izindi ngingo ebyiri z’ubujurire, imwe ivuga ko Urukiko rutasobanuye neza ingingo ivuga ko Mbuto yaba yarahamagawe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, indi ivuga ko urubanza rwajuririwe rwari rugizwe na Mbuto n’umwishingizi we Pacifique Mukangabire, ariko hakajurira umwe gusa ariwe Mbuto. [19] Ku wa 20/03/2018, BRD Ltd yohereje na none izindi ngingo ebyiri z’ubujurire, imwe ivuga ko Urukiko rwageneye Mbuto inyungu zingana na 24.000.000 Frw nta bimenyetso rugendeyeho, indi ivuga ko Urukiko rwafashe ibintu uko bitari, rwemeza ko BRD Ltd yiyemereye ko hari amafaranga itahaye Mbuto n’umwishingizi we. [20] Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba uwajuriye ashobora kugira ingingo z’ubujurire atanga nyuma y’igihe cy’ukwezi1 cy’ubujurire, Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko byumvikana mu ngingo ya 165 y‘Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ryakoreshwaga igihe ubujurire bwa BRD Ltd bwatangwaga, mu bigomba kuba mu nyandiko y’ubujurire, harimo impamvu z’ubujurire, cyane ko iyo ngingo iteganya ko, bibaye ngombwa hagaragazwa n’ibikorwa byakozwe mu iburanisha byafasha mu kugena ikijuririrwa n’impamvu y’ijurira. [21] Iki gitekerezo kandi nicyo Umushingamategeko yashatse kugaragaza mu

myandikire isobanutse kurushaho y’ingingo ya 150 y’Itegeko rishya Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, igaragaza ku buryo butaziguye, ko ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, mu bigomba kuwugaragaramo hakaba mo “urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa; hamwe n‘ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko.“ [22] Urukiko rurasanga, nk’uko bigaragara mu ngingo z’ubujurire enye zatanzwe na BRD Ltd nyuma y’igihe cy’ukwezi kw’ubujurire, nk’uko zibukijwe haruguru, nta n’imwe muri izo yafatwa nk’iyuzuza cyangwa isobanura ingingo rukumbi yari yatanzwe mu bihe by’ubujurire, ku wa 08/12/2017, ijyanye no kuba Urukiko Rukuru rw‘Ubucuruzi rwaremeje ko Mbuto n’umwishingizi we nta mwenda babereyemo BRD Ltd., iyi ngingo rero ikaba ari yo yonyine igomba gusuzumwa mu iburanisha ry’ubujurire bwa BRD Ltd. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO

1 Ingingo ya 163 y’Itegeko N° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi igira iti:”Igihe cyo kujurira ni ukwezi kumwe….”

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[23] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe na Mbuto Aimable yo kutakira impamvu z’ubujurire BRD Ltd yatanze nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire ifite ishingiro; [24] Rwemeje ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa BRD Ltd igomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ari iyatanzwe mu nyandiko y’ubujurire ku wa 08/12/2017; [25] Rutegetse ko iburanisha ry’uru rubanza rizasubukurwa ku wa 27/11/2018; [26] Rutegetse ko amagarama y’urubanza asubitswe.