UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BUGINGO

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BUGINGO

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-05-22 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00382/2025/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. BUGINGO [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00382/2025/CA (Umugwaneza, P.J.,) 22 Gicurasi 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha – Kwakira Ubujurire – Iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwajuririwe rwaragombaga kwakirwa ariko ntirwakirwe mu rwego rubanza, rurarwakira, rukagaragaza ko rwagombaga kwakira, rukarutesha agaciro, maze rugasubizwa mu Rukiko rwaruciye kugira ngo ruburanishwe mu mizi. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Nshubijeho Jean Pierre yafatanywe udupfunyika tubiri (2) tw’urumogi, avuga ko yaruhawe n’uwitwa Bugingo Adolphe, bajya kumureba bamusangana udupfunyika cumi na tune (14) tw’urumogi, bombi bashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwabareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, icyaha cyo kunywa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba kwemeza ko kibahama bakagihanirwa. Nshubijeho Jean Pierre yaburanye yemera icyaha, abisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no kubisubikirwa. Bugingo Adolphe, aburana ahakana icyaha, asaba kurenganurwa. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bitandukanye bihama Bugingo Adolphe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko by’urumogi, maze rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). Bugingo Adolphe, yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rutari urwo

gucuruza, ko nta gikorwa cyo gucuruza yakoze, bityo ko yagombaga guhanirwa kunywa urumogi aho guhanirwa kurucuruza. Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusuzuma igihe Bugingo Adolphe yatangiye ubujurire bwe, rwasanze yarabutanze impitagihe kuko urubanza rujuririrwa rwasomwe ku wa 08/07/2021, maze rwemeza ko ikirego cye kitakiriwe, bityo rukomeza kumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu. Bugingo Adolphe, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ikimenyetso cye cy’umwanzuro yatanze ku wa 05/08/2021, kigaragaza ko yajuriye mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Urukiko Rukuru kwakira ubujurire bwe. Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha, avuga ko, umwanzuro uregwa yatanze, utubahirije ibyemewe n’amategeko ndetse n’uwatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire ukaba utuzuza cyangwa usobanure uwo avuga yatangiye ku gihe, ariko mu iburanisha nyuma yo kumva imiburanire ye, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha, avuga ko asanga yarajuririye ku gihe bityo ko ubujurire bwe bwagombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru. Incamake y’icyemezo: Iyo Urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwajuririwe rwaragombaga kwakirwa ariko ntirwakirwe mu rwego rubanza, rurarwakira, rukagaragaza ko rwagombaga

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kwakira, rukarutesha agaciro, maze rugasubizwa mu Rukiko rwaruciye kugira ngo ruburanishwe mu mizi. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 193. Imanza zifashishijwe: urubanza RPAA 00060/2023/CA rw’Ubushinjacyaha na Bakundukize Niyonsaba bahimba Mudori, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 16/01/2025. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 06/05/2021, ishami rya polisi rishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge(ANU), ryafatanye uwitwa Nshubijeho Jean Pierre udupfunyika tubiri (2) tw’urumogi, avuga ko yaruhawe n’uwitwa Bugingo Adolphe, bajya kumureba bamusangana udupfunyika cumi na tune (14) tw’urumogi, bombi bashyikirizwa Ubugenzacyaha. [2] Iperereza rirangiye, Ubushinjacyaha bwabareze mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo, icyaha cyo kunywa no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi, busaba kwemeza ko kibahama bakagihanirwa. [3] Nshubijeho Jean Pierre yaburanye yemera icyaha, asobanura ko yagiye kugura udupfunyika tubiri tw’urumogi two kwikoreshereza, abisabira imbabazi, asaba kugabanyirizwa ibihano no kubisubikirwa. Bugingo Adolphe, aburana ahakana icyaha, asobanura ko yagiye guhaha kuri boutique asize moto ye, agarutse ahura na Nshubijeho Jean Pierre yambaye amapingu ari kumwe na polisi nawe baramufata. Asaba kurenganurwa. [4] Mu rubanza RP

00645/2021/TGI/GSBO rwaciwe ku wa 08/07/2021, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bihama Bugingo Adolphe icyaha cyo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko by’urumogi aribyo: ❖ Imvugo ze mubugenzacyaha yemera ko yafatanwe udupfunyika 14 tw’urumogi asobanura ko yadutoraguye; ❖ Kuba yarashyize umukono we ku nyandiko mvugo y’ifatira yemera ko udupfunyika 14 twafashwe ari utwe; ❖ Kuba ashinjwa na Nshubijeho Jean Pierre ko ariwe wamugurishije udupfunyika tubiri (2) tw’urumogi two kunywa; ❖ Kuba ashinjwa na Nshubijeho Jean Pierre ko ariwe wamugurishije udupfunyika tubiri (2) tw’urumogi two kunywa;

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❖ Imvugo y’umutangabuhamya Mbikeshimana Adiel wemeje ko ubwo Nshubijweho yaramaze gufatwa yababwiye ko urumogi yafatanwe yaruhawe na Bugingo Adolphe, ndetse ko yaje kumuhamagara amuzanire urundi, aruzana aruhishe kuri moto ahita afatwa. Kuri Nshubijeho Jean Pierre, Urukiko rwasanze hari ibimenyetso bimuhamya kunywa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi bigizwe no kwemera icyaha kwe mu nzego zose ndetse no mu rukiko kugashimangirwa n’imvugo y’umutangabuhamya umushinja ndetse n’inyandiko mvugo y’ifatira yashyizeho umukono yemera ko urumogi yafatanwe ari urwe. Urukiko rushingiye kuri ibyo bimenyetso, rwahamije Nshubijeho Jean Pierre icyaha cyo kunywa ibiyobyabwenge byo mu bwoko bw’urumogi. Ruhamya Bugingo Adolphe icyaha cyo kubicuruza. Ruhanisha Nshubijeho Jean Pierre igifungo cy’umwaka umwe (1), ruhanisha Bugingo Adolphe igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [5] Bugingo Adolphe, yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, avuga ko urumogi yafatanwe rutari urwo gucuruza, ko nta gikorwa cyo gucuruza yakoze, akaba yaragombaga guhanirwa kunywa urumogi aho guhanirwa kurucuruza. [6] Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko impamvu y’ubujurire bwa Bugingo Adolphe itagomba kwakirwa kuko yayitanze impitagihe, kandi ikaba ituzuza iyo yari yatangiye ku gihe kuko umwanzuro w’ubujurire yatangiye ku gihe yagaragaje gusa ko yajuririye kubera kutishimira imikirize y’urubanza,

bikaba binyuranya n’ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 183 igika cya 5 n’icya 6 y’Itegeko N 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ndetse n’ingingo ya 188 igika cya 1 y’iryo tegeko. [7] Mu rubanza RPA 01086/2021/HC/KIG rwaciwe ku wa 13/03/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, nyuma yo gusuzuma igihe Bugingo Adolphe yatangiye ubujurire bwe, rwasanze ubujurire bwe yabutanze impitagihe kuko urubanza rujuririrwa rwasomwe ku wa 08/07/2021, atanga ibaruwa ku wa 21/07/2021 avugamo ko azoherereza umwanzuro usobanura ibyo anenga urubanza yajuririye ariko ntiyabikora ahubwo yoherereza undi mwanzuro ku wa 04/10/2021 no ku wa 20/11/2024 yararengeje ibihe byo kujurira.Rushingira kumurongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza RCOMAA 00071/2017/SC2, rwaciwe ku wa 26/10/2018, aho Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwemeje ko mu bigomba kuba biri mu nyandiko y’ubujurire harimo impamvu z’ubujurire, ko impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire zitagomba kwakirwa.Rwemeza ko Bugingo Adolphe yajuriye akererewe igihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu(30 jours) giteganywa n’amategeko cyararenze.Rwemeza ko ikirego cy’ubujurire bwa Bugingo Adolphe kitakiriwe.Rukomeza kumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu n’ihazabu ya milioni makumyabiri (20.000.000Frw). [8] Kamuhanda Jean Bosco, yajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, urubanza ruhabwa RPAA 00382/2025/CA, ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 09/05/2025, Bugingo Adolphe yunganiwe na Me Mbituyimana Jean de Dieu, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Rukaka Gallican, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’igihugu. [9] Mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire, Bugingo Adolphe, yunganiwe na Me Mbituyimana Jean de Dieu, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwarirengagije ikimenyetso cye cy’umwanzuro yatanze ku wa

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05/08/2021, kigaragaza ko yajuriye mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko, asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Urukiko Rukuru kwakira ubujurire bwe. [10] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha, mu mwanzuro wabwo, avuga ko, umwanzuro Bugingo Adolphe avuga yatanze, utubahirije ibyemewe n’amategeko ndetse n’uwatanzwe nyuma y’ibihe by’ubujurire ukaba utuzuza cyangwa usobanure uwo avuga yatangiye ku gihe, ariko mu iburanisha nyuma yo kumva imiburanire ya Bugingo Adolphe n’umwunganira no gusobanurirwa ibaruwa yo ku wa 05/08/2021 y’ubujurire bwa Bugingo Adolphe ikubiyemo n’impamvu ze z’ubujurire, igaragaza igihe Bugingo Adolphe yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha, avuga ko asanga Bugingo Adolphe, yarajuririye ku gihe bityo ko ubujurire bwe bwagombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru. [11] Hakurikijwe izo mpaka, muri uru rubanza harasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Bugingo Adolphe bwagombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru. II. ISESENGURA RY’IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Bugingo Adolphe bwagombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru [12] Bugingo Adolphe n’umwunganizi we, mu miburanire yabo, bavuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru mu gika cya 8, 9, 11, 12 na 13, rwavuze ko Bugingo yajuriye akerewe, ngo ikirego cye cy’ubujurire kitakiriwe rushingiye ku matariki ari ku myanzuro y’inyongera nyamara rwirengagiza imyanzuro iri kuri attachment ya 10 y’urubanza RPA

01086/2021/HC/KIG rujuririrwa ndetse irimo impamvu z’ubujurire zatanzwe ku wa 05/08/2021 mu gihe giteganywa n’amategeko cyo kujurira kuko urubanza RP 00645/2021/TGI/GSBO rwajurirwaga mu Rukiko Rukuru rwari rwaraciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo ku wa 08/07/2021. [13] Bugingo Adolphe n’umwunganizi we, bakomeza basaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire gutegeka Urukiko Rukuru kuburanisha urubanza rwari rwanze kwakira kuko rwarajuririwe muburyo bukurikije amategeko, babisaba bashingiye ku ngingo ya 193 y’Itegeko N 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha. [14] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko, asanga koko Bugingo Adolphe yajuririye ku gihe, kuko yajuriye ku wa 05/08/2021 kandi urubanza rwajurirwaga rwari rwaraciwe ku wa 08/07/2021, bityo asaba Urukiko rw’Ubujurire kubisuzuma rukemeza ko Bugingo Adolphe yazajya kuburanira mu Rukiko Rukuru kuko ubujurire bwe yabutangiye ku gihe.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA Impaka muri uru rubanza, zishingiye kukumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rwagombaga kwakira ubujurire bwa Bugingo Adolphe, rukaburanisha mu mizi. [15] Ingingo ya 181 y’Itegeko N 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019, ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha nkuko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu iteganya ko “kujurira bikorwa mu gihe kitarenga iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku itariki urubanza rwaciriweho ku muburanyi wari uhari cyangwa ahagarariwe igihe urubanza rwacibwaga. Icyo gihe gikurikizwa kandi ku

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muburanyi wamenyeshejwe mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, umunsi urubanza ruzacibwaho ntaze cyangwa ngo yohereze umuhagararira…” [16] Naho iya 193 y’iryo tegeko, ivuga ko “Iyo urukiko rwajuririwe rusanze urubanza rwari rwaregewe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko urukiko rwaruciye ku rwego rubanza rukavuga ko rutakiriwe kandi rwaragombaga kwakirwa, Urukiko rwajuririwe rurarwakira, rukagaragaza ko rwagombaga kwakirwa ku rwego rwa mbere; rukarutesha agaciro maze rukarusubiza urukiko rwari rwaruciye kugira ngo ruruburanishe mu mizi, nta yindi ngwate y’amagarama itanzwe…” [17] Nk’uko bigaragara mu gika cya 151, Urukiko Rukuru rwemeje kutakira ubujurire bwa Bugingo Adolphe, rusobanura ko yajuririye atinze, rubishingiye ku ibaruwa yatanzwe ku wa 21/07/2021 ivugwamo ko umwanzuro usobanura ibyo anenga urubanza rwaciwe ku wa 08/07/2021 uzohererezwa nyuma, umwanzuro wohererejwe ku wa 04/10/2021 ndetse n’uw’inyongera wo ku wa 20/11/2024. [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rurasanga isesengurwa ryakozwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, rivuguruzwa n’ibaruwa yo ku wa 05/08/2021 igaragara kumugereka w’ahagenewe gushyirwa ibimenyetso mu rubanza RPA 01086/2021/HC/KIG. Iyo baruwa ikaba ikubiyemo ubujurire bwa Bugingo Adolphe ndetse n’impamvu ze z’ubujurire bw’urubanza RP 00645/2021/TGI/GSBO, ikaba yarakiriwe n’ubuyobozi bwa gereza ya Nyarugenge ku wa 05/08/2021, ikaba inateweho kashe yiyo gereza. [19] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire

rurasanga kandi, nkuko impande zombi zibyemeranywaho, Bugingo Adolphe wajuriye ku wa 05/08/2021 nkuko ibaruwa ivugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki ibigaragaza, ajuririra urubanza yaciriwe ku wa 08/07/2021, yarubahirije ibihe by’ubujurire biteganywa mu ngingo ya 181 y’Itegeko N 027/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, mu gika cya 15, bityo ubujurire bwe bukaba bwaragombaga kwakirwa n’Urukiko Rukuru, bugasuzumwa. [20] Hashingiwe kubiteganywa mu ngingo ya 193 y’Itegeko N 27/2019 ryavuzwe haruguru, mu gika cya 17, ibiteganywa muriyo ngingo bikaba byaragiye bishingirwaho no mu manza zitandukanye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko harimo urubanza RPAA 00060/2023/CA, rwaciwe ku wa 16/01/2025, haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Bakundukize Niyonsaba bahimba Mudori2, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, rurasanga urubanza RPA 01086/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa 13/03/2025, rugomba guteshwa agaciro, dosiye ya Bugingo Adolphe igasubizwa Urukiko Rukuru kugira ngo ruburanishe ubujurire yarushyikirije mu mizi yarwo. III.ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [21] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Bugingo Adolphe bufite ishingiro; [22] Rwemeje ko urubanza RPA 01086/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, ku wa 13/03/2025, ruteshejwe agaciro;

1 Reba urubanza RPA 01086/2021/HC/KIG, rwaciwe ku wa 13/03/2025.

2 Reba igika cyarwo cya 20.

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[23] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire bw’urubanza RP 00645/2021/TGI/GSBO, Bugingo Adolphe yaregeye Urukiko Rukuru, cyatanzwe mu bihe biteganyijwe n’amategeko; [24] Rwemeje ko dosiye y’urubanza rwa Bugingo Adolphe isubizwa mu Rukiko Rukuru kugira ngo rusuzume ubujurire mu mizi y’urubanza. [25] Ruvuze ko amagarama y’uru rubanza abaye asubitswe.