MAZIMPAKA v MUKANEZA

MAZIMPAKA v MUKANEZA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-08-09 - Case/document no.: RCA 00049/2022/HC/NYZ - Collection: High Court

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MAZIMPAKA v MUKANEZA [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RCA 00049/2022/HC/NYZ (Ndagijimana, P.J.) 09 Kamena 2023] Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Uburyozwe – Indishyi z’ akababaro – Indishyi zikomoka ku rubanza nshinjabyaha - Igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyiri gukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rukomoka ku cyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa Mazimpaka yakoreye Mukaneza hanyuma ibyo bikomere bikamusigira ubumuga bungana na 45% kuko yavunitse umugongo n’ukuguru akaba ntacyo abasha kwikorera kugeza no ku nshingano zo kubaka urugo dore ko n’umugabo we yamwirukanye kubera kutabasha izo nshingano. Urukiko rwasanze ikirego gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe rutegeka Mazimpaka guha Mukaneza indishyi z'akababaro zitandukanye. Mazimpaka yajuririye uru rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko yaciwe indishyi kandi nyirabayazana w’icyaha cyabaye ari Mukaneza bityo akaba atarakwiye guhabwa izo ndishyi. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba indishyi z'akababaro zagenewe Mukaneza zikwiye mu gihe zaba zaratanzwe nta bimenyetso bishingiweho. Urega avuga yemera gutanga indishyi kuko hari urubanza rwamuhamije icyaha ariko agatanga izigereranije kuko icyaha cyatewe n’usaba indishyi. Akomeza avuga ko nk’umuyobozi yari ari mu nshingano ze zo kugenzura abatubahirije amabwiriza agasanga Mukaneza atayubahirije kuko yari yasinze hanyuma abajijijwe

impamvu atubahirije amabwiriza aho gusubiza ahubwo aramukubita bituma nawe yitabara bityo akaba asaba ko hatangwa indishyi nkeya kugira ngo bidatiza umurindi abasagararira abayobozi. Mukaneza avuga ko Mazimpaka yahamwe n'icyaha kandi akaba atarigeze akijuririra ngo agihanagurweho, ko rero kuba Urukiko rwaragennye indishyi asanga nta kosa rwakoze ahubwo asanga zidahagije kuko uko gukubitwa byamugizeho ingaruka zikomeye. Incamake y’icyemezo: Igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse, izo ndishyi zikaba zigenwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko bityo ibyo Mazimpaka avuga bikaba nta shingiro byahabwa kuko indishyi yaciwe zikomoka ku cyaha yakoreye uzihabwa kandi zikaba zaragenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ingingo ya 10; Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 12, 111;

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Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/5/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2021/CA; Manirarora v RWANDA RUDNIKI LTD rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 28 Kamena 2022. Inyandiko z’abahanga zifashishijwe: Jacques FLOUER, Jean-Luc Aubert & Eric Savaux, Droit Civil Les obligations, Le fait jurdiques,12 Ed. Dalloz, 2007, p.97. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe Mukaneza Olive arega uwitwa Mazimpaka Patrick indishyi zingana miliyoni makumyabiri n’ebyiri n’ibihumbi n’ ibihumbi magana atatu ( 22.300.000 Frws) avuga ko zikomoka ku cyaha cyo gukubita no gukoretsa yakorewe na Mazimpaka Patrick akagihamwa n’Urukiko mu rubanza RP 00436/2021/TB/KIB rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa KIBEHO ku wa 11/8/2021, ko uko gukubitwa kwamusigiye ubumuga buhoraho bungana na 45%, kuko yavunitse umugongo ndetse n’akaguru k’iburyo akaba ntacyo akikorera n’ umutungo yatakaje n’ ihungabana mu mibanire ye n’abandi ngo kuko umugabo we yamwirukanye bitewe n’uko atakibasha kuzuza inshingano z’abashakanye. [2] Mazimpaka we si uko yabibonaga kuko asanga nta ndishyi Mukaneza akwiye guhabwa hashingiwe kukuba ari we nyirabazana w’icyaha Mazimpaka yakoze, ko ariko mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga zikwiye ko nabwo byakorwa mu bushishozi bwarwo kuko inyandiko ya muganga abarega bashingiraho ari iyo

ubwabo bagiye kwikoreshereza birenganije iyasabwe na RIB, ndetse n’ibyo bavuga byakoreshejwe akaba ari amagambo gusa adafite ibimenyetso. Urubanza rumaze kuburanishwa, Urukiko rwasanze ikirego gifite ishingiro kuri bimwe rutegeka Mazimpaka Patrick guha Mukaneza Olive indishyi z'akababaro zingana na 1.000.000 frw amafaranga yakoresheje yivuza angana na 100.000 frw amafaranga y'ikurikiranarubanza, ingwate y'amagarama n'igihembo cy'avoka angana na 550.000 Frw. [3] Mazimpaka Patrick yajuririye urwo rubanza avuga ko Urukiko rwakongera gusuzuma niba indishyi z'akababaro zingana na 1.000.000 frw zagenewe Mukaneza zikwiye mu gihe nyirabayazana w'icyaha ari Mukaneza, niba indishyi zingana na 100.000 frw zahawe Mukaneza zari butangwe kandi nta kimenyetso yazitangiye kimwe n’ indishyi z’ igihembo cy’ Avoka n’ igarama bingana na 550.000 frw mu gihe ibyo Mukaneza yasabaga byose atabigenewe n'Urukiko kandi Mazimpaka yaremeraga kwishyura nta rubanza. [4] Ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ibijyanye No:

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a. Kumenya niba indishyi z'akababaro zagenewe Mukaneza zikwiye mu gihe n’ uko zaba zaratanzwe nta bimenyetso bishingiweho b. Kumenya niba amafaranga ajyanye n'igihembo cy'Avoka n’ igarama byatanzwe byari bikwiye mu gihe ibyo Mukaneza yasabaga byose atabigenewe n'Urukiko kandi Mazimpaka yaremeraga kwishyura nta rubanza n’ ibijyanye n’ ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi;

II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA  Kumenya niba indishyi z'akababaro zagenewe Mukaneza zikwiye n’ uko zaba zaratanzwe nta bimenyetso bishingiweho [5] Me Ndatsikira J.M.V. uburanira Mazimpaka Patrick avuga ko yemera gutanga indishyi kuko hari urubanza rwamuhamije icyaha kandi rwabaye Itegeko ariko agatanga izigereranije kuko icyaha yakoze cyatewe n'uhabwa indishyi, ko Mazimpaka Patrick yari umuyobozi wari uri mu nshingano ze zo kugenzura abatubahirije amabwiriza, Mukaneza akaba atari yubahirije amabwiriza yari yanasinze kandi , ko ari we wabanje gukubita umuyobozi, ko Mazimpaka rero yasabye Urukiko ko rwatanga indishyi ariko ntirutegeke indishyi zitiza umurindi abanyabyaha, ko indishyi zingana na 1000.000 zahawe Mukaneza akaba ari nyinshi cyane ugereranije n'uruhare rwe mu ikorwa ry'iki cyaha bityo akaba asaba ko zagabanywa, ko mu gihe izi ndishyi zaguma gutyo byaba ari uguca intege abayobozi bagwa mu makosa batabigendereye bari mu kazi kabo ndetse bikaba no gutiza umurindi abanyabyaha, ko Mazimpaka yemeraga ko amafaranga yose Mukaneza yakoresheje yifuza n'ayingendo yayamusubiza ariko akamwereka ibimenyetso by'uko koko yayatanze, ko ibyo bimenyetso ntabyo yamugaragarije cyangwa ngo abigaragarize Urukiko kandi koko iyo ayatanga byari buboneke, ko Urukiko rujuririwe rukwiye kuyavanaho. [6] Me Kabagema Aphrodise uburanira Mukaneza Olive avuga ko Mazimpaka Patrick yahamwe

n'icyaha kandi akaba atarigeze akijuririra ngo agihanagurweho, ko rero kuba Urukiko rwaragennye indishyi basanga nta kosa rwakoze ahubwo basanga zidahagije kuko uko gukubitwa kwa Mukaneza Olive byamugizeho ingaruka zikomeye kuko nta murimo umutunga akibasha kwikorera akaba yaravunitse umugongo ndetse n’akaguru k’i buryo kakaba kadakora neza, byongeye akaba yaratakaje umutungo we mu kwivuza ndetse n’ingendo zitandukanye n’abarwaza, bityo akaba yari akwiye kugenerwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000 Frws), indishyi mbonezamusaruro zingana na 10.000.000 Frws ndetse n’ibyakoreshejwe mu kwivuza, abarwaza n’ingendo bingana na miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frws),ko byongeye kandi byanamuhungabanyije mu buryo bwose mu mitekerereze, mu mikorere y’iterambere , ku mubiri) ndetse no mu mibanire ye n’abandi kuko n’ umugabo babanaga yahise

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amwirukana kuko nta nshingano y’urugo agishoboye, ko rero ingingo y'ubujurire basanga nta shingiro ifite kuko igihe yamaze adakora aba mu bitaro byamugizeho ingaruka z'ubukungu dore ko nta n'icyo azongera kwimarira. Uko Urukiko rubibona [7] Ingingo ya 10 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha itaganya ko “Ikirego cy’indishyi gishobora gutangwa n’uwangirijwe n’icyaha wese. Ashobora kuba ari umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa ikigo gifite gatozi, cyaba icya Leta cyangwa icy’abikorera cyangwa undi muntu ubyemererwa n’ amategeko. [8] Ingingo ya 12 Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ivuga ko urega agomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibyo aregera naho iya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo ikavuga ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. [9] Indishyi ziregerwa muri uru rubanza zishingiye kuri iri Tegeko No ku rubanza rw’ inshinjabyaha aho Mazimpaka Partick yakurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gukubita no gukoresha, Urukiko rukimuhamya mu rubanza RP 00436/2021/TB/KIB rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ibanze rwa Kibeho ku wa 11/8/2021. [10] Mu kugena izo ndishyi, Urukiko Rwisumbuye , rumaze gusesengura ibimenyetso byatanzwe, ntiruhe agaciro ibyashingirwagaho na Mukaneza Olive mu kugaragaza ubumuga bwa 45%

Mukaneza Olive yashingiragaho asaba indishyi no gusuzuma ibyo yavugaga ko yakoresheje kwa muganga yivuza mu minsi icumi (10) na we atabashije kugaragariza ibimenyetso n’ uko Mukaneza nta mugabo uzwi n’amategeko yari afite ku buryo yavuga ko yirukanywe, no kuba asaba n’ibyakoreshejwe yaramaze kuva mu bitaro kugeza ubwo ikirego cyatangwaga rukavuga ko ari ugushaka kwikungahaza nta mpamvu uko bisobanuye mu magambo arambuye muri kopi y’ urubanza rujuririrwa, urwo Rukiko rwamugeneye indishyi mu bushishozi bwarwo. [11] Rwasobanuye kandi ko n’ubwo bimeze bityo kurundi ruhande Mukaneza yarakubiswe ndetse agakomereka bigizwemo uruhare na Mazimpaka kandi kubera iyo mpamvu akaba yarajyanywe mu bitaro aho yamaze iminsi icumi (10) yitabwaho n’abaganga aho yagombaga kubona imiti amafunguro kuri we ndetse no kumurwaza , icyiyongereho muri icyo gihe cyose Mukaneza akaba ntacyo yabashaka kwikorera ku bw’ibyo mubushishozi bw’Urukiko rukaba rusanga Mukaneza agomba kugenerwa indishyi z’akababaro zingana na miliyoni (1.000.000 FRW) amafaranga ibihumbi icumi (10.000Frws) gukuba n’ iminsi icumi (10) yamaze mu bitaro aribyo bihwanye n’ibihumbi ijana (100.000 Frw ), akagenerwa kandi amafaranga y’igihembo cy’Avoka wamuburaniye angana na ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 frw) , ay’

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ikurikiranarubanza ndetse n’ingwate y’amagarama ahwanye n’ ibihumbi morongo itanu (50.000 frw). [12] Uru Rukiko rususumye ibivuzwe haruguru byasobanuwe bikanashingirwaho ku rwego rwa mbere, rugasanga nta makosa Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwakoze, kuko Mazimpaka Patrick adahakana ko yamukubise kabone n’ ubwo avuga ko byakomotse ku kazi ke ariko bishimangirwa n’ uko Urukiko rwamuhamije icyaha mu RP 00436/2021/TB/KIB , bityo n’ ibyo avuga ko indishyi zitatangwa cyangwa hatangwa nkeya bikaba nta shingiro kubera ko zagenwe mu bushishozi bw’ Urukiko zigahabwa ufititiye uburenganzira hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ ingingo ya 10 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryavuzwe. [13] Ibyo kuba izo ndishyi zagenerwa uwangirijwe n’ icyaha binashimangirwa n’ ibyemejwe mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00013/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 28 Kamena 2022 n’ Urukiko rw’Ubujurire haburana MANIRARORA v RWANDA RUDNIKI LTD (Reba Icyegeranyo cy’ Ibyemezo by’ Inkiko - RLR V. 2- 2023) aho rwasobanuye ibijyanye n’ ihame rusange ryo mu mategeko ari uko igikorwa cyose cy’umuntu cyangirije undi gitegeka nyirugukora ikosa rigikomokaho kuriha ibyangiritse1, binahura n’ inyandiko z’ abahanga mu mategeko nka Jacques FLOUER,Jean -Luc AUBERT na Eric SAVAUX babivuga mu rurimi rw’ Igifaransa bagira bati:’’Tout fait quelconque de l’homme qui cause à autrui un dommage oblige celui par la faute du quel il est arrivé à le réparer’’2, kuba

kandi mu gusana ibyangiritse, indishyi zagenwa mu bushishozi bw’ Urukiko bikaba bitabujijwe mu rwego rw’ Amategeko. Bityo hakaba nta mpamvu yumvikana yatuma izo ndishyi zagenwe ku rwego rwa mbere zihinduka. [14] Ibivugwa n’ uburanira Mukaneza , by’ uko yagira izindi ndishyi agenerwa, uru Rukiko rusanga ntaho avuguruza ibyashingiweho ku rwego rwa mbere, uretse kubivuga gusa, bityo akaba ntacyo yabashije kunenga urubanza rujuririrwa uko biteganywa n’ ingingo ya 150 y’ Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi by’umwihariko mu gace ka 60 iteganya ko : “ Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza ibi bikurikira: …6° ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa Urukiko”, Urukiko rukaba rugomba gusuzuma ibindi bijyanye n’ amafaranga y’ ikurikiranarubanza , igihembo cy’ Avoka n’ ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi.  Kumenya niba amafaranga y’ igarama n’ igihembo cy'Avoka byatanzwe byari bikwiye mu gihe ibyo Mukaneza yasabaga byose atabigenewe n'Urukiko kandi Mazimpaka yaremeraga kwishyura nta rubanza n’ ibijyanye n’ Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi 1 Byabonywe kuri: https://decisia.judiciary.gov.rw/, ku wa 10/06/2023. 2 Jacques FLOUER, Jean-Luc AUBERT & Eric SAVAUX, Droit Civil Les obligations, Le fait jurdiques,12 Ed Dalloz,2007, p.97.

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[15] Me Ndatsikira J.M.V. uburanira Mazimpaka Patrick avuga ko iyo hatabaho gufata uru rubanza nk'amakiriro ya Mukaneza, agasaba Mazimpaka ibigererenije n'igihombo yatewe ndetse n'akababaro yagize, Mazimpaka aba yaramwishyuye ku neza kuko na we abibona ko hari urubanza rwamuhamije icyaha akagira n'uburangare bwo kurujuririra, ko rero kuba ibyo Mukaneza yasabye byose atarabigenewe n'Urukiko bivuze ko nta kuri yari afite mu gutanga ikirego akaboneraho kwishyura Avocat no gutanga igarama, ko basanga rero n’ubwo yatsinze urubanza nta gihembo cy'Avoka akwiye ndetse nta n'igarama kuko yagiye mu rubanza bitari ngombwa, bityo nk’ uko babigaragaje haruguru bagasaba Urukiko kwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Mazimpaka bufite ishingiro , kugabanya indishyi z'akababaro zingana na 1,000,000 zategetswe n'Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe kuko rwashishoje gake, kuvanaho indishyi zingana na 100.000 frw zo kwivuza kuko nta bimenyetso zatangiwe kandi ibi bikaba atari ibisaba ubushishozi bw'urukiko gusa, kuvanaho 550,000 frw y'igarama n'igihembo cy'avoka kuko Mazimpaka yemeraga gutanga indishyi hatagombye urubanza kandi bikaba byaremejwe n'Urukiko ko izo Mukaneza yasabaga zitari zikwiye, ko nta mpamvu y'igihembo cy’ Avoka ku rwego rw'ubujurire kuko n’ icyatanzwe mbere kitari gikwiye kubera ko urubanza rutari ngombwa na cyane ko byagaragayeko Mazimpaka yemeraga indishyi ariko agasabwa iz’ umurengera , ko

kandi indishyi zisabwa mu bujurire bwuririye ku bundi zidakwiye gutangwa kuko n’ izatanzwe mbere ari nyinshi ari na cyo cyatumye ajurira cyane ko ingaruka bavuga icyaha cyamugizeho nta bimenyetso bidashikanywaho yabitangiye. [16] Me Kabagema Aphrodise uburanira Mukaneza Olive avuga ibivugwa n’ uburanira Mazimpaka Patrick nta shingiro byahabwa, ko ahubwo kubera ko Mukaneza Olive akomeje gushorwa mu manza z'amaherere bituma yiyambaza avoka, nawe asaba ko yasubizwa ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frws) y'igihembo cy'avoka ku rwego rw'ubujurire n’ ibihumbi ijana (100.000) y'ikurikiranarubanza yiyongera ku yatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere. Uko Urukiko rubibona [17] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe, iteganya ko:" Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe", iya 152 y’ iryo Tegeko yo igateganya ko uregwa mu Rukiko rujuririrwa ashobora na we kugira ibyo asaba yiregura naho ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/5/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo igateganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. [18] Rushingiye ku biteganywa n’ izi ngingo no ku

byasobanuwe ku kibazo cya mbere ruha ishingiro indishyi zatanzwe ku rwego rwa mbere, rusanga Mazimpaka Patrick agomba kwishyura Mukaneza Olive indishyi ibihumbi ijana (100.000 Frws ) y’ ikurikiranarubanza kuko rusanga ari yo ashyize mu gaciro kandi akaba yarakomeje gusiragizwa mu manza nyamara indishyi zatanzwe zari ngombwa kuko zishingiye ku rubanza rwabaye Itegeko, akaba agomba no kwishyurwa indishyi zingana n’ ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu (250.000 Frws) abariwe kuri ½ cy’ igihembo cya Avoka cyo ku rwego rwa mbere nk’ uko biteganywa n’ingingo

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ya 33 y’Amabwiriza No 01/2014 agenga ibihembo mbonera by’abavoka iteganya ko mu bujurire, avoka w’urega n’uw’uregwa bafite uburenganzira kuri ½ cy’igihembo cyumvikanyweho ku rwego rwa mbere kubera ko Mukaneza Olive yakomeje kwiyambaza Umunyamategeko, yose hamwe akaba ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itanu (350.000 Frws) . Ku bw’ ibyo imikirize y’ urubanza RC 00009/2022/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe ku wa 19/07/2022 ikaba ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ indishyi ziyongereye mu bujurire. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [19] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Mazimpaka Patrick nta shingiro bufite. [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi bwatanzwe na Mukaneza Olive bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [21] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’ urubanza RC 00009/2022/TGI/NYBE rwaciwe n’ Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyamagabe ku wa 19/07/2022, ihindutse ku bijyanye n’ indishyi zigenwe mu bujurire. [22] Rutegetse Mazimpaka Patrick kwishyura Mukaneza Olive indishyi z’ ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’ Avoka zingana n’ ibihumbi magana atatu na mirongo itanu (350.000 Frws), yiyongera ku ndishyi yagenewe ku rwego rwa mbere, kuva uru rubanza rubaye ndakuka bitaba ibyo agakurwa mu bye ku ngufu za Leta. [23] Rutegetse ko amafaranga y’ igarama yatanzwe mu kujurira ahwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.