UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MAHIRWE N’ABANDI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MAHIRWE N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-04-28 - Case/document no.: RPAA 00273/2020/CA-CMB RPAA 00339/2020/CA-CMB RPAA 00349/2020/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. MAHIRWE N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RPAA 00273/2020/CA-CMB RPAA 00339/2020/CA-CMB RPAA 00349/2020/CA (Kanyange, P.J.) 28 Mata 2023] Imikorere y’inkiko – Ihame ryo kubahiriza umurongo wafashwe (stare decisis) – Guhindura umurongo – Umucamanza ategetswe kubahiriza umurongo watanzwe n’inkiko zimukuriye, uw’Urukiko arimo cyangwa uwo yatanze mu manza yaciye ku bibazo bisa n’icyo agomba gucyemura, guhindura uwo murongo bishobora gukorwa gusa n’Urukiko rwisumbuye ku rwaciye urubanza cyangwa urwo rukiko ubwarwo. Iyo nta byabaye, Urukiko rugomba kugendera ku murongo usanzweho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi, Ubushinjacyaha bukurikiranye abaregwa ku cyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, buvuga ko Kwizera na Mahirwe (babanaga mu nzu) bafatiranye umwana w'umukobwa witwa M. D. w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko bakajya bamusambanya, barangije bamurangira inshuti yabo yitwa Ntihinyurwa nawe aramusambanya. Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nuko rusanga hari ibimenyetso bibahamya icyaha maze rwemeza ko uko ari 3 bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka 22. Abaregwa bombi bajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, bavuga ko bahamijwe icyaha batakoze kuko kitagaragarijwe ibimenyetso. Urwo narwo rwaciye urubanza, rusanga ibimenyetso byashingiweho bigaragaza neza uruhare rwabo mu ikorwa ry’icyaha, maze

rwemeza ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza bari bajuririye. Abaregwa batanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, Mahirwe na Ntihinyurwa bajurira bavuga ko batigeze basambanya M.D. ko kandi Urukiko rwareba neza imyaka nyayo y’uwo mukobwa, ko nta cyemezo cyatanzwe cyerekana imyaka y’umwana baregwa gusambanya, ko kandi byongeye mu iperereza ry’inyongera, uwo bivugwa ko yasambanyijjwe yavuze ko atigeze asambanywa. Kwizera we yajuriye avuga ko ashaka gushyira ukuri ahagaragara no gusaba imbabazi akagabanyirizwa igihano, ko ariko Urukiko rwasuzuma neza imyaka nyayo ya M.D. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko ibyo abajuriye bavuga bidafite ishingiro, kuko uwakorewe icyaha yatanze ikirego avuga ko abaregwa bamusambanyije. naho kuri Kwizera, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko mu nkiko zibanza yaburanye ahakana icyaha, acyemera ageze mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ibyo kandi bikaba bitemewe hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko, nko mu rubanza nº RPAA 00499/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/04/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na Habyarimana Evariste. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umucamanza ategetswe kubahiriza umurongo watanzwe n’inkiko zimukuriye, uw’Urukiko arimo cyangwa uwo yatanze mu manza yaciye ku bibazo bisa n’icyo agomba gucyemura, guhindura uwo murongo bishobora gukorwa gusa n’Urukiko rwisumbuye ku rwaciye urubanza cyangwa urwo rukiko ubwarwo. Iyo nta byabaye, Urukiko rugomba kugendera ku murongo usanzweho. Ubujurire nta shingiro bufite;

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Urubanza ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, Ingingo ya 2, agace ka 8 n’iya 49. Itegeko Nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/04/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, Ingingo ya 119. Imanza zifashishijwe: Ubushinjacyaha v. Nsabimana alias Sankara n’abandi, RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022. Ubushinjacyaha v. Bado Bede, RP 00002/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 07/10/2022. Ubushinjacyaha v. Shakabatenda, RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 02/07/2021. Ubushinjacyaha v. Nkurunziza, RPAA 00072/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 24/02/2023.

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] KWIZERA Schadrack, MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha na NTIHINYURWA Thaddée alias Hadji barezwe n’Ubushinjacyaha mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi bubakurikiranyeho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, buvuga ko KWIZERA Schadrack na MAHIRWE Ephrem (babanaga mu nzu) bafatiranye umwana w'umukobwa witwa M.D. w’imyaka 17 y’amavuko bakajya bamusambanya, barangije bamurangira inshuti yabo yitwa NTIHINYURWA Thaddée nawe aramusambanya, bimenyekana ku wa 27/06/2018 ubwo uwo mwana yafatwaga n’abari ku irondo yashyamiranye n’uwitwa NSABIMANA Maurice wamwishyuzaga amafaranga ye, agasobanura aho aba n’uburyo amaze iminsi asambanywa n’abo basore, bahita batangira gukurikiranwa. [2] NTIHINYURWA Thaddée, MAHIRWE Ephrem na KWIZERA Schadrack baburanye bahakana icyaha, bavuga ko bacyemeye mu Bugenzacyaha kubera inkoni. [3] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RP 00170/2018/TGI/RSZ ku wa 25/10/2018, rusanga hari ibimenyetso bibahamya icyaha bigizwe no kuba baracyemeye mu Bugenzacyaha basobanura n’uko cyakozwe, ko kuba barageze mu Bushinjacyaha no mu Rukiko bakagihakana ari uburyo bwo kugihunga, ko kandi ibyo bemeye bihura n’ibyo M.D. yabashinje avuga ko buri wese yamusambanyije mu bihe bitandukanye, bikanahura n’ubuhamya bwa NSABIMANA Maurice wavuze ko yashwanye na M. D. kubera amafaranga yari amufitiye, abanyerondo baramufaya bamubaza aho aba ajya kuhabereka basangayo abasore batatu bahise bemera ko bamusambanyije. Rwasanze ibyo abaregwa bemeye bihujwe na raporo ya muganga yagaragaje ko M.D. nta karangabusugi afite, n’icyemezo cy’amavuko kigaragaza ko uwo mwana yari afite imyaka 17 kuko

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yavutse ku wa 21/05/2001, ari ibimenyetso bibashinja gusambanya uwo mwana, maze rwemeza ko uko ari 3 bahamwa n’icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana, ruhanisha buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka 22. [4] KWIZERA Schadrack, MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha na NTIHINYURWA Thaddée alias Hadji bajuriye mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi, bavuga ko bahamijwe icyaha batakoze kuko kitagaragarijwe ibimenyetso. [5] Urukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RPA 00301/2018/HC/RSZ ku wa 24/07/2019, rusanga ibimenyetso byashingiweho bigizwe n’ubuhamya bwa NSABIMANA Maurice, imvugo y’umwana wasambanyijwe, ibyo abaregwa bemeye mu Bugenzacyaha n’icyemezo cya muganga, bigaragaza neza uruhare rwabo mu ikorwa ry’icyaha, maze rwemeza ko ubujurire bwabo nta shingiro bufite, ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza bari bajuririwe. [6] KWIZERA Schadrack, MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha na NTIHINYURWA Thaddée alias Hadji batanze ubujurire bwa kabiri mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, MAHIRWE na NTIHINYURWA bajurira bavuga ko batigeze basambanya M.D. ko kandi Urukiko rwareba neza imyaka nyayo y’uwo mukobwa nk’uko bigaragara mu myanzuro yo ku wa 02/08/2019 nubwo nyuma batanze indi mwanzuro bemera icyaha. KWIZERA yajuriye avuga ko ashaka gushyira ukuri ahagaragara no gusaba imbabazi akagabanyirizwa igihano, ko ariko Urukiko rwasuzuma neza imyaka nyayo ya M.D.. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 14/02/2023, MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha na

NTIHINYURWA Thaddée alias Hadji bunganirwa na Me MUHIRE J.M Eugène, KWIZERA Schadrack yunganirwa na Me NTAZIKA Néhémie, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na HABIMANA Jean Cabin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. [8] Muri iryo buranisha ababuranyi bagaragaje ikibazo gishingiye ku kuba bakurikiranyweho gusambanya umwana witwa M.D. mu gihe icyemezo cy’amavuko kiri muri dosiye ari icya M.T., bituma iburanisha ryimurwa kugira ngo Ubushinjacyaha buzashake icyemezo cy’amavuko cya M.D.. [9] Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa ku wa 07/03/2023, KWIZERA Schadrack, MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha na NTIHINYURWA Thaddée alias Hadji bunganiwe nka mbere, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na MUKUNZI Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. Ababuranyi bagiye impaka ku nyandiko zatanzwe n’Ubushinjacyaha zigizwe n’inyandiko y’ivuka (acte de naissance) ya M.T. n’inyandikomvugo ikubiyemo ibisobanuro yatanze, nyuma yo kumva icyo ababuranyi bavuga kuri izo nyandiko, rusanga ari ngombwa ko umwana wasambanyijwe ahamagazwa, rwimurira iburanisha ku wa 04/04/2023, uwo munsi abajuriye bitaba bunganiwe nka mbere, Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na MUKUNZI Faustin, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw’Igihugu. M.T. nyititabye Urukiko ahubwo yanditse ku nyandiko imutumiza ko atwite inda nkuru bikaba bitamworohera, iburanisha rirakomeza. [10] MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha na NTIHINYURWA Thaddée alias Hadji bavuze ko ikibazo cyonyine bifuza ko gisuzumwa ari ikirebana n’imyaka y’umwana baregwa ko basambanyije, ko izindi ngingo z’ubujurire baziretse. KWIZERA Schadrack nawe yasabye ko

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hasuzumwa ikibazo cy’imyaka y’umukobwa aregwa ko yasambanyije n’ikibazo cyo kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko noneho yemera icyaha. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ ISESENGURWA RYABYO 1.Ubujurire bwa MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha na NTIHINYURWA Thaddée alias Hadji  Kumenya imyaka umwana wasambanyijwe yari afite [11] MAHIRWE Ephrem avuga ko yaryamanye na M.D. amubwira ko afite imyaka 22 maze yumva ko akuze kuko yanamubwiraga ko yikodeshereza inzu, no mu kwisobanura yavuze ko asanzwe yicuruza anavuga ko atamusambanyije ku gahato ko ahubwo bumvikanye. [12] NTIHINYURWA Thaddée nawe avuga ko uwo yasambanyije ari M.D. utandukanye na M.T.. [13] Me MUHIRE J.M Eugène avuga ko abo yunganira barezwe gusambanya umwana utarageza ku myaka y’ubukure, ko ikigaragaza igihe umwana yavukiye ari inyandiko y’irangamimerere cyangwa urubanza ruyisimbura nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 61 y’Itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango, nyamara nta cyemezo cyatanzwe cyerekana imyaka ya M.D. baregwa ko basambanyije, ko ahubwo ikirimo cya M.T. kigaragaza ko yavutse ku wa 21/05/2003 mu gihe M.D. yavugiye mu Bugenzacyaha ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 2001. Byongeye kandi mu iperereza ry’inyongera, M.T. yavuze ko atigeze asambanywa. [14] Asanga rero nta cyemezo cy’irangamimere cya M.D. cyagaragajwe, kandi hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza nº RPAA 00405/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/11/2022 haburana

Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Alphonse, iyo habaye impaka zikemurwa n’inyandiko ziteganywa n’Itegeko, ko kandi inyandiko yabonetse mu iperereza ry’inyongera itafafwa nk’ikosora umwirondoro hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 88 y’Itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango, ko rero hari ugushidikanya ku birebana no kwemeza niba hari icyaha abo yunganira bakoze, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, bakaba bagomba kugirwa abere. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushnjacyaha avuga ko ibyo abajuriye bavuga bidafite ishingiro, kuko mu iperereza ry’inyongera umukobwa wasambanyijwe yasobanuye aho izina rya Diane ryaturutse, ko kuba baramwitaga Diane kandi ari Thérèse, hagomba gushingirwa ku mazina ari mu irangamimerere ya M.T. kuko nk’uko yabisobanuye, izina rya Diane ni iryo yifuzaga kwitwa abatijwe, kandi umuntu siwe wivugira imyaka ahubwo yemezwa n’irangamimerere, ko rero umwana wasambanyijwe ari umwe ufite izina abantu bamuziho rya Diane n’iryanditse mu irangamimerere rya Thérèse kandi abamusambanyije bakaba noneho babyemera. [16] Avuga kandi ko kuba abajuriye bavuga ko MUSABYEMMARIYA Thérèse yavuze ko atasambanyijwe, atari byo, kuko yatanze ikirego avuga ko abaregwa bamusambanyije, ko kandi inyandiko ikubiyemo ibisobanuro yatanze atari ikosora umwirondoro ahubwo igamije kugaragaza izina abantu bamwita n’iryo yitwa mu irangamimerere.

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UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [17] Ikibazo MAHIRWE na NTIHINYURWA basabye ko gisuzumwa ni ikirebana n’imyaka y’umwana baregwa ko basambanyije, kuko basanga nta cyemezo cyatanzwe kigaragaza ko M.D. yari umwana ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga. [18] Ingingo ya 2, agace ka 8, y’Itegeko nº 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko ‘’Umwana ari umuntu utarageza ku myaka cumi n’umunani (18) y’amavuko’’. [19] Ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/04/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko:’’Mu manza nshinjabyaha, ibimenyetso bishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye. Urukiko ruhamya ku buryo butavuguruzwa ko ibimenyetso byose birega cyangwa biregura ari byo kandi ko bishobora kwemerwa’’. [20] Dosiye igaragaza ko abaregwa muri uru rubanza bakurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana witwa M.D. wari ufite imyaka 17 y’amavuko ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga. Igaragaza kandi ko M.D. ari we wabajijwe mu Bugenzacyaha ku wa 28/06/2018 nk’utanga ikirego, avuga ko ari mwene NZARAMBA Gérard na NYIRABAHIRE Adelphine, ko yavutse mu mwaka wa 2001, avuga ko arega abasore batatu bamusambanyije bitwa Kwizera, Alpha na Hadji, ko amazina yandi atayazi. [21] Muri dosiye harimo kandi icyemezo cy’amavuko cya M.T., mwene NZARAMBA Gérard na NYIRABAHIRE Adelphine, cyatanzwe

n’Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Umurenge wa Kamembe ku wa 02/07/2018, kigaragaza ko M.T. yavutse ku wa 21/05/2001. [22] Dosiye igaragaza kandi inyandiko y’ivuka (acte de naissance) ya M.T. yatanzwe ku wa 02/03/2023, igaragaza ko yavutse ku wa 21/05/2003, akaba ari mwene NZARAMBA Gérard na NYIRABAHIRE Adelphine. [23] Na none muri dosiye harimo inyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya M.T. yo ku wa 02/03/2023, aho yabajijwe ibirebana n’ikirego yatanze ku wa 28/06/2018 nk’umuntu wasambanyijwe, asobanura ko bageze kuri police bavuye kwa KWIZERA bababaza uko byagenze bababwira ko ntawe basambanyije. Yabajijwe niba hari irindi zina afite ritari irya M.T., avuga ko ayo mazina ye ari yo ari ku irangamuntu, ko ariko hari irindi ritariho rya Diane, asobanura ko impamvu ritari ku irangamuntu ari uko iryo yiswe n’umubyeyi we ari Thérèse, naho Diane akaba yarifuzaga kuryitwa, arifata agiye kubatizwa mu 2015, ko yifuzaga ko ari ryo rijya ku irangamuntu ariko bikanga kubera ibyangombwa by’ababyeyi. [24] Urukiko rurasanga inyandiko zimaze kuvugwa zigaragaza ko hari uwakorewe icyaha watanze ikirego yitwa M.D., ndetse no mu ibazwa ry’abaregwa akaba ari we babazwaga ko basambanyije banatangira babyemera nk’uko inyandikomvugo zo mu Bugenzacyaha zibigaragaza. [25] Urukiko rurasanga ikigaragara ari uko uwasambanyijwe yiyitaga M.D. ndetse n’abaregwa ko bamusambanyije akaba ari ryo zina bamwitaga, ariko igihe cyo gushaka icyemeza imyaka ye,

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byagaragaye ko amazina yatanze atari yo yanditse mu irangamimerere, ariyo yo mpamvu haba icyemezo cy’amavuko cyangwa inyandiko y’ivuka, byanditseho M.T.. [26] Urukiko rurasanga rero ibivugwa n’abaregwa ko M.D. na M.T. ari abantu babiri batandukanye atari byo, kuko hanarebwe ibindi biri mu mwirondoro yatanze atanga ikirego no mu byemezobyatanzwe n’abashinzwe irangamimerere, bigaragaza ko ari umuntu umwe, harebwe cyane cyane amazina y’ababyeyi n’aho yavukiye. Ikindi kigaragaza ko ari umuntu umwe, ni ibisobanuro biri mu nyandikomvugo y’ibazwa rya M.T. yo ku wa 02/03/2023, kuko yemeye ko hari ikirego cyatanzwe ku wa 28/06/2018, icyo kirego kikaba cyaratanzwe yiyise M.D., muri iyo nyandikomvugo yo ku wa 02/03/2023 anavuga ko yagiye gutanga ikirego avuye kwa KWIZERA, uyu kandi akaba ari umwe mu baregwa muri uru rubanza, bityo ibyo byose bikaba bishimangira ko uwakorewe icyaha ari umuntu umwe watanze ikirego mu mazina adahura n’ari mu irangamimerere. [27] Urukiko rurasanga kandi usibye ibimaze kuvugwa bigaragaza ko Diane uvugwa mu nyandikomvugo y’ibazwa ryo ku wa 28/06/2018 (ari nawe uvugwa mu kirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha), ari we Thérèse uvugwa mu byemezo by’irangamimarere, hari n’ibisobanuro uyu yatanze mu nyandikomvugo yo ku wa 02/03/2023 ku birebana n’inkomoko y’izina Diane, iyo nyandikomvugo ikaba igomba gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso cyaje gutanga umucyo ku bitari bisobanutse birebana

n’izina ry’uwakorewe icyaha, kikaba rero kitaratanzwe mu rwego rwo gukosora inyandiko y’irangamimerere nk’uko uwunganira MAHIRWE na NTIHINYURWA abivuga. [28] Ku bivugwa na MAHIRWE na NTIHINYURWA hamwe n’ubunganira ko mu nyandikomvugo yo ku wa 02/03/2023, M.T. yavuze ko atasambanyijwe, nabyo bakabishingiraho bavuga ko Thérèse na Diane (bemera ko basambanyije) ari abantu babiri batandukanye, nta shingiro bifite, kuko ibivugwa muri iyo nyandikomvugo atari ikirego uwayikoreshejwe yatangaga ngo bibe byafatwa ko gitandukanye n’ikirego gisanzweho, ahubwo yatangaga ibisobanuro ku biri mu kirego yatanze ku wa 28/06/2018, kandi muri icyo kirego yavuze neza abamusambanyije ari bo baregwa muri uru rubanza. Kuba rero muri iyo nyandikomvugo yaravuze ngo: ‘’bababwiye ko ntawe basambanyije’’, ibyo akabivuga kandi yarabazwaga iby’ikirego cyo ku wa 28/06/2018 yatanze arega abamusambanyije, Urukiko rurasanga yaba yarabikoze agamije izindi nyungu kuko bitandukanye n’ibyo yavuze arega. [29] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro bimaze gutangwa, Urukiko rurasanga nta gushidikanya guhari ku birebana n’umwana wasambanyijwe, kandi nta gushidikanya ko yari ataruzuza imyaka y’ubukure, kuko n’ubwo mu kirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha havugwa ko uwasambanyijwe yari afite imyaka 17 hashingiwe kubyo yavuze no ku cyemezo cy’amavuko cyari muri dosiye kigaragaza ko yavutze ku wa 25/01/2001, icyemezo kigomba gushingirwaho nk’ikimara impaka ari inyandiko y’ivuka igaragaza ko yavutse ku wa 25/01/2003, bivuze ko icyaha gikorwa yari afite imyaka 15. [30] Urukiko rurasanga rero impamvu y’ubujurire MAHIRWE na NTIHINYURWA basabye ko isuzumwa, nta shingiro ifite.

2. Ubujurire bwa KWIZERA Schadrack  Ikibazo cyo kumenya umwana wasambanyijwe

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[31] KWIZERA Schadrack nawe avuga ko uwo yarezwe kuba yarasambanyije ari M.D. utandukanye na M.T. [32] Me NTAZIKA Néhémie avuga ko n’ubwo uwo yunganira yajuriye agamije gusaba kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku kwemera icyaha, ariko hanasuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya umwana wasambanyijwe uwariwe, kuko M.D. na M.T. ari bantu babiri batandukanye, ko rero mu gihe Urukiko rwasanga koko ari abantu babiri batandukanye, Ubushinjacyaha bwaba bwarareze nabi, bityo hakaba hashingirwa ku ngingo ya 192 y’Itegeko ryerekeye imiburanishirize ry’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, Urukiko rugatesha agaciro urubanza rwajuririwe naho abaregwa bagafungurwa, Ubushinjacyaha bukazatanga ikindi kirego neza, ko ariko mu gihe rwasanga atari abantu babiri batandukanye rwasuzuma impamvu irebana no kugabanyirizwa igihano. [33] Uhagaraiye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na KWIZERA Schadrack n’umwunganira nabyo nta shingiro bifite, kuko niba yarajuriye avuga ko yemera icyaha atakongera ngo avuge ko atacyemera.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [34] Urukiko rurasanga ikibazo cy’umwana wasambanyijwe cyasesenguwe ku birebana n’ubujurire bwa MAHIRWE na NTIHINYURWA, Urukiko rukaba rwagaragaje ko M.D. na M.T. ari umuntu umwe ko kandi ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga yari ataruzuza imyaka y’ubukure, bityo impamvu zashingiweho zikaba zinareba ubujurire bwa KWIZERA Schadrack.  Kumenya niba kwemera icyaha mu bujurire kwashingirwaho KWIZERA Schadrack akagabanyirizwa igihano [35] KWIZERA Schadrack avuga ko yemera ko yasambanyije M.D. utari wujuje imyaka y’ubukure kandi amusambanya inshuro zirenze imwe. Asobanura ko uwo mukobwa yaje gucumbika iwe ari kumwe n’undi mukobwa bavuye mu kabare, abasiga mu rugo ajya ku kazi, bukeye abaha amafaranga ngo bajye guhaha ariko hagaruka M.D. wenyine. Avuga kandi ko yari asanzwe abana na MAHIRWE Ephrem ariko ko abo bakobwa baza gusaba icumbi atari yaharaye, ko yaje ku munsi wakurikiye akararana na M.D., amaze kugenda nawe asaba uwo mwana ko baryamana arabyemera, ko yahamaze iminsi itanu ko kandi buri munsi yamusambanyaga ariko akanazana abandi bagabo aho mu rugo, akaba anenga Urukiko Rukuru ko rwamuhaye igihano kiremereye. [36] Me NTAZIKA Néhémie avuga ko KWIZERA Schadrack yabanje kwemera icyaha igihe cy’iperereza ariko ageze mu Rukiko aragihakana, ariko ko asanga ikibazo cye gihura n’icyo mu rubanza rwa NZAFASHWANIMANA Jean de Dieu1, kuko nubwo yabanje kwemera icyaha mu nzego

z’iperereza yagera mu Rukiko akagihakana ariko akacyemerera mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, urwo Rukiko rwabishingiyeho rumugabanyiriza igihano, muri urwo rubanza kandi Urukiko rusobanura ko Umucamanza atagomba kuzitirwa n’Itegeko ngo areke kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa. Asanga kandi KWIZERA Schadrack atafatwa nk’umuntu uje kwemera bwa mbere mu bujurire kuko yari yaremeye mu nzego z’iperereza, kandi ibyo uregwa yemeye muri izo nzego Umucamanza ashobora kubishingiraho iyo asanze ari byo bihuje n’ukuri kw’ibyabaye nk’uko

1 Urubanza nº RPAA 00032/2019/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/12/2020

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byemejwe mu rubanza RPAA 00202/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSENGIMANA Alphonse bita Gatera (igika cya 16) n’urubanza nº RPAA 00186/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/09/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na MUKERANGABO Emmanuel. [37] Akomeza avuga ko kuba KWIZERA yaje imbere y’uru Rukiko gutakamba akanagaragaza imikorere y’icyaha, byashingirwaho akagabanyirizwa igihano mu gihe rwasanga ibyo yarubwiye bihura n’ibyo yavuze mbere, ko kandi nubwo baha hari umurongo watanzwe mu manza zaciwe, utazitira Umucamanza ngo areke gukora icyo yari akwiye gukora. [38] Uhagararaiye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibivugwa na KWIZERA Schadrack n’umwunganira nta shingiro bifite, kuko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi no mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi yaburanye ahakana icyaha, acyemera ageze mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ibyo kandi bikaba bitemewe hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko, nko mu rubanza nº RPAA 00499/2018/CA rwaciwe ku wa 30/04/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na HABYARIMANA Evariste. [39] Avuga kandi ko ikirebwa atari ukwemera icyaha kwakorewe mu nzego z’iperereza ahubwo harebwa ukwakorewe mu Rukiko, ko kandi igihano kitagabanywa nk’uko KWIZERA Schadrack abisaba, kuko ntacyo anenga urubanza yajuririye.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [40] Ku birebana no kwemera icyaha, Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza n⁰ RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022, aho rwavuze ko kugira ngo hemezwe ko ukurikiranweho icyaha acyemera, agomba kuba yarabikoze mu buryo budashidikanywaho igihe cy’iperereza cyangwa mu Rukiko ruburanisha mu mizi, ko byumvikanisha ko ibyavuzwe n’uregwa mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yemera icyaha aregwa, agomba kubishimangira imbere y’Umucamanza uburanisha mu mizi, agaragaza ko agiye kuburana yemera icyaha aregwa, agasobanura mu buryo budashidikanywa uko cyakozwe, ko ariko mu gihe yisubiyeho akaburana ahakana icyaha bitabuza Umucanaza kubishingiraho.2 [41] Ibyemejwe muri urwo rubanza byumvikanisha ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi : uwemera icyaha agomba gusobanura mu buryo budashidikanywa uko icyaha cyakozwe, ko kandi ukwemera yakoreye mu nzego z’iperereza agomba kugushimangira imbere y’umucamanza uburanisha mu mizi. [42] Naho ku birebana no kwemera icyaha mu bujurire, nabyo Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza nº RPAA 00048/2020/CA rwaciwe ku wa 26/05/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BIMENYIMANA Jean Paul n’izindi nyinshi zaciwe nyuma yarwo, uwo murongo akaba ari uko kwemera icyaha bwa mbere mu bujurire bitagirira akamaro uregwa kuko aba azanye ingingo nshya ataburanishije mu nkiko zibanza kandi Umucamanza w’ubujurire afite gusa inshingano yo gukosora amakosa yaba yarakozwe n’izo nkiko.

2 Urubanza nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Callixte alias Nsakara na bagenzi be, ibika bya 140-141.

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[43] Ku birebana na KWIZERA Schadrack, dosiye igaragaza ko mu Bugenzacyaha yemeye icyaha kimwe na bagenzi be, basobanura uburyo cyakozwe, bose bageze mu Bushinjacyaha baragihakana, no mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Rusizi baburana bahakana icyaha bavuga ko bacyemeye mu Bugenzacyaha kubera inkoni, ndetse banajurira mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi bavuga ko bahamijwe icyaha batakoze. [44] Urukiko rurasanga rero hashingiwe ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko wibukijwe haruguru ku birebana no kwemera icyaha, KWIZERA Schadrack atafatwa nk’uwemeye icyaha kuko nubwo yari yatangiye acyemera mu Bugenzacyaha, uko kwemera atagukomeje aburana mu mizi, ahubwo bigaragara ko aje kucyemerera mu bujurire imbere y’uru Rukiko. [45] Urukiko rurasanga kandi hashingiwe n’ubundi ku murongo watanzwe n’uru Rukiko ku birebana no kwemera icyaha mu bujurire, nta kamaro ukwemera KWIZERA Schadrack yakoreye muri ubu bujurire kwamugirira, bivuze rero ko atanagushingira ngo asabe kugabanyirizwa igihano. [46] Ku bivugwa n’uwunganira ko KWIZERA Schadrack ko hashingirwa ku murongo wo mu rubanza rwa NSAFASHWANIMANA Jean de Dieu kuko ruhura n’urwa KWIZERA Schadrack, Urukiko rurasanga nta shingiro bifite, kuko umurongo wariho urwo rubanza rucibwa utakigenderwaho bitewe n’uko wahinduwe n’imanza zaciwe nyuma yarwo, harimo cyane cyane urubanza nº RPAA 00048/2020CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 26/05/2022

haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BIMENYIMANA Jean Paul, Urukiko rukaba rwarasobanuye impamvu hadakwiye gukomeza gukurikizwa umurongo watanzwe mu manza zaciwe mbere. [47] Urukiko rurasanga na none, ibivugwa n’uwunganira KWIZERA Schadrack ko umurongo watanzwe utazitira umucamanza gukora ibyo agomba gukora, nta shingiro bifite, kuko nk’uko byemejwe n’uru Rukiko mu rubanza nº RPA 00060/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 04/04/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NSABIMANA Callixte Alias Sankara na bagenzi be n’izindi zaciwe nyuma harimo urubanza nºRP 00002/2022/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko ku wa 07/10/2022 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na BADO Bede, Umucamanza ategetswe kubahiriza umurongo watanzwe n’inkiko zimukuriye, uw’Urukiko arimo cyangwa uwo yatanze mu manza yaciye ku bibazo bisa n’icyo agomba gucyemura, ko guhindura uwo murongo bishobora gukorwa gusa n’Urukiko rwisumbuye ku rwaciye urubanza cyangwa urwo rukiko ubwarwo3, bityo kuba nta cyabaye mu bimaze kuvugwa, Urukiko rugomba kugendera ku murongo usanzweho. [48] Urukiko rurasanga rero ubujurire bwa KWIZERA Schadrack bugamije kwemera icyaha kugira ngo bishingirweho agabanyirizwe igihano, nta shingiro bufite. [49] Hashingiwe ku byasobanuwe byose, Urukiko rurasanga impamvu z’ubujurire bwa MAHIRWE, KWIZERA na NTIHINYURWA nta shingiro zifite, ariko hakaba hasuzumwa niba igifungo cy’imyaka 22 bahanishijwe ari cyo cyagumaho. 3.Ku birebana n’igihano MAHIRWE, KWIZERA na NTIHINYURWA bahanishijwe [50] Ingingo ya 49 y’Itegeko N° 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganga ko: ‘’Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uburemere bw’icyaha, ingaruka icyaha cyateye, impamvu zatumya agikora, uko uwagikoze yari asanzwe yitwara, imibereho ye

3 Reba igika cya 56.

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bwite n’uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo’’. Naho ingingo ya 58 y’iryo Tegeko, iteganya ko “Umucamanza ubwe ari we ugena niba impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zemezwa n’umucamanza zahabwa agaciro. Kwemeza impamvu nyoroshyacyaha bigomba gusobanurwa mu cyemezo cy’urukiko’’. [51] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko rwasuzuma ibyerekeye igihano uregwa yahawe mu giye rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire nta shingiro zifite, cyatanzweho umurongo n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire mu rubanza nº RPAA 00039/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 02/07/2021 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na SHAKABATENDA Jean de Dieu n’izindi zaciwe nyuma harimo urubanza nº RPAA 00072/2021/CA rwaciwe ku wa 24/02/2023 haburana Ubushinjacyaha na NKURUNZIZA Innocent, umurongo uri muri izo manza akaba ari uko nta cyabuza Urukiko kugabanyiriza igihano uregwa hagamijwe gutanga igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze n’ubwo impamvu z’ubujurire zitahawe ishingiro. [52] Ku birebana na MAHIRWE, KWIZERA na NTIHINYURWA, imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririye igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi rwagumishijeho igifungo cy’imyaka 22 bahanishijwe ku rwego rwa mbere kuko rwasanze impamvu z’ubujurire bwabo zigamije guhakana icyaha nta shingiro zifite. Urukiko rurasanga ariko nubwo icyo gihano kiri muri rugero (marge) rw’ibihano Itegeko ryateganyirije icyaha abaregwa bahamijwe, kuko gihanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka 20 kugeza ku myaka 25, hari impamvu zashoboraga

kwitabwaho bakagenerwa igihano gihwanye n’uburemere bw’icyaha bakoze, harimo kuba ari ubwa mbere bakurikiranywe mu nkiko ku buryo buzwi kuko nta kigaragaza ko hari ibindi byaha bizege bahanirwa, hakaba ndetse nta kigaragaza ko bari basanzwe bitwara nabi muri sosiyete, ndetse bikaba bigaragara ko imyitwarire ya MUSABYEMARIYA wari usanzwe yicuruza nk’uko yabivuze, yabaye icyuho cyo gutuma bamusambanya nubwo batagombaga kwirengagiza ko akiri umwana, bityo hashingiwe kuri izo mpamvu igihano bahawe kikaba cyagabanywa kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15), bivuze ko urubanza rwajuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [53] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa KWIZERA Schadrack, ubwa MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha n’ubwa NTIHINYURWA Thaddée aliasHadji nta shingiro bufite; [54] Rwemeje ko urubanza nº RPA 0301/2018/HC/RSZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rusizi ku wa 24/07/2019, ruhindutse gusa ku birebana n’igihano; [55] Ruhanishije KWIZERA Schadrack, MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha na NTIHINYURWA Thaddée alias Hadji buri wese igifungo cy’imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) kubera icyaha cyo gusambanya umwana; [56] Rwemeje ko KWIZERA Schadrack, MAHIRWE Ephrem alias Alpha na NTIHINYURWA Thaddée alias Hadji basonewe amagarama y’urubanza kuko baburanye bafunze.