Dr BWIMBA v. AKARERE KA MUHANGA N’ABANDI

# Dr BWIMBA v. AKARERE KA MUHANGA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-01-24 - Case/document no.: RADAA00001/2023/CA CMB RADAA00002/2023/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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Dr BWIMBA v. AKARERE KA MUHANGA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RADAA00001/2023/CA CMB RADAA00002/2023/CA (Munyangeri, P.J., Kamere na Rutazana, J.) 24 Mutarama 2025] Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’inkiko – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Inzitizi y'iburabubasha – Iyo umuburanyi yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe ubujurire bwe ntibwakirwa kuko buba butari mu bubasha bw’urukiko. Amategeko agenga ububasha bw’inkiko – Ububasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire – Ubujurire bwa kabiri – Inzitizi y’iburabubasha – Gutsindwa mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe – Impamvu zimwe – Mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, ntiharebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarasubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubutegetsi – Ubujurire – Kugaragaza impamvu z’ubujurire – Uwajuriye afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro – Iyo umuburanyi yavuze ko ajuriye ariko ntagaragaze inenge ziri mu rubanza yajuririye n’uko zakosorwa Urukiko rwemeza ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite. Incamake y’ikibazo: Dr Bwimba wafatanyije na Kabanda hamwe na Rusiha gushyiraho ivuriro “Clinique Médicale la Bénédiction” ryari riherereye mu Karere ka Muhanga, bakorana amasezerano agaragaza imigabane buri wese agiye afitemo. Kabanda ni we wari ufitemo imigabane myinshi ingana na 67,5%, Rusiha afitemo ingana na 10% naho Dr. Bwimba afitemo 22,2%. Kabanda avuga ko ari we washinze iryo vuriro ariko kuko atarafite impamyabushobozi y’ubuganga yamwemereraga kurikoresha, aryandikisha kuri Dr. Bwimba, akodesha inzu yo gukoreramo na Mukakalisa. Dr. Bwimba na we avuga ko ari we earishinze kuko ibikoresho byari muri iryo vuriro ari we wabishyizemo bimwe abihawe ibindi abiguze yifashishije ibigo by’imali akishyura. Mbere y’uko Dr Bwimba na Kabanda bananirwa kumvikana, uwitwa Rusiha yasezeye muri iryo vuriro avuga ko nta mutungo bwite afitemo maze asaba gusubizwa imigabane yari yagenewe muri iryo vuriro. Kabanda avuga ko yaje kurega Dr. Bwimba mu butabera kuberako yashatse kumuhuguza iryo vuriro avuga ko ariwe warishinze maze bimuviramo gufungwa kuko yahanishijwe igifungo cy’umwaka umwe n’ihazabu ya 500,000Frw kubera icyaha yakoze cy’ubwambuzi bushukana no gutangaho ingwate ku mutungo utari uwe. Nyuma y’uko Kabanda akodesheje inzu na Clinique Médicale la Bénédiction, Mukakalisa nka nyirinzu yandikiye Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Nyamabuye abusaba kumwishyuriza amafaranga y’ubukode bw’inzu ye, nab wo bwandikira Kabanda bumusaba kumwishyura. Kabanda yasubije ubwo Buyobozi ko ashaka gusubiza Mukakalisa inzu ye, maze bubimufashamo, habarurwa ibintu byari muri iyo nzu bibikwa na Kabanda, inzu ihabwa nyirayo. Nyuma y’uko afunguwe, Dr Bwimba yandikiye Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere ka Muhanga amabaruwa menshi atandukanye abusaba ko bwamusubiza imiti n’ibikoresho by’iryo vuriro, asubizwa ko nta bikoresho bye bufite kuko ivuriro Atari irye. Ibi byatumye arega Akarere ka Muhanga mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga asaba gusubizwa ibyo bikoresho bye by’akazi hamwe n’indishyi zitandukanye zijyanye n’igohombo yatejwe. Akarere ka Muhanga kireguye kavuga ko nta ndishyi kagomba kuryozwa kubera ko icyo kakoze ari ugusubiza umuturage inzu ye bitewe n’uko abamukodeshaga bari bamaze igihe batamwishyura

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amafaranga y’ubukode bw’inzu ye. Ko ibyo bikoresho ndetse n’izo ndishyi byabazwa Kabanda wakomeje iryo vuriro. N’ubwo uyu Kabanda yarezwe ntiyigeze yitabira uru rubanza ngo na we avuguruze imiburanire y’Akarere. Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko Akarere ntacyo kagomba kuryozwa, rutegeka Kabanda kwishyura Dr Bwimba amafaranga y’agaciro k’ibikoresho biburanwa. Iki cyemezo Dr. Bwimba yakijuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko mu rubanza ajuririra hirengagijwe ibimenyetso yagaragaje ko ari Akarere kagomba kumwishyura ibikoresho bye, no kuba hari indishyi yasabye ntiyazihabwa. Akarere ka Muhanga na Kabanda wari witabye mu Rukiko Rukuru, bisobanuye bavuga ko ubujurire bwa Dr. Bwimba nta shingiro bufite, maze Urukiko Rukuru na rwo ruba aribyo rwemeza. Dr. Bwimba na Kabanda bose bajuririye muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire maze ubujurire bwabo buhurizwa mu rubanza rumwe. Dr Bwimba yajuriye avuga ko mu rubanza rujuririrwa hirengagijwe ibimenyetso yatanze, kwemeza mu buryo butari bwo ko indishyi yaregeye atari zo, ko ni yo ziza kuba arizo nta shingiro zari zifite no kuba yarategetswe kwishyura Akarere ka Muhanga indishyi. Kabanda we yajuriye asaba aru Rukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo, gusuzuma impamvu zose yagaragaje ari nazo ashingiraho atanga ubujurire. Akarere ka Muhanga kabanje gutanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko Dr. Bwimba yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombie zabanje ku mpamvu zimwe. Ku bijyanye n’ubujurire bwa Kabanda, Akarere ka Muhanga hamwe na Dr. Bwimba bavuga ko budasobanutse kuko atagaragaje icyo anenga urubanza rujuririrwa, bityo bakaba basaba ko butahabwa ishingiro kuko ntaho bahera gabwireguraho. Nyuma yo kumva ubujurire bw’ababuranyi, uru Rukiko rwasuzumye inzitizi yatanzwe irebana n’iburabubasha ryarwo no kumenya ingaruka zo kuba Kabanda yarajuriye ariko ntagaragaze impamvu z’ubujurire bwe kugirango abandi baburanyi bashobore kuzireguraho. Akarere ka Muhanga kavuga ko uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire nta bubasha rufite rwo kuburanisha uru rubanza kubera ko mu nkiko zabanje Dr. Bwimba yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Gasobanura ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwemeje ko katagomba kuregwa kuko ntacyo karyozwa, ahubwo ko ari Kabanda ugomba kumusubiza agaciro k’ibikoresho yaregeye. Rushingiye ku mpamvu rwasobanuye mu rubanza rujuririrwa, Urukiko Rukuru na rwo rwemeje ko Akarere ka Muhanga atari ko kagomba kwishyura agaciro k’ibikoresho Dr. Bwimba yaregeye. Dr. Bwimba avuga ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite kuko ibyemezo byafashwe n’inkiko zabanje bidashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe. Avuga ko arega mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye yaregeye indishyi zishingiye ku bikoresho bye atahawe no ku kuba ivuriro ridakora, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ntirwagira icyo ruzivugaho, abijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru mu gufata icyemezo kuri izo ndishyi ruvuga ko zitaregewe kandi ko n’iyo ziregerwa nta shingiro zari kuba zifite. Ku kibazo kijyanye no kuba Kabanda yarajuriye ariko ntagaragaze impamvu z’ubujurire bwe ngo abandi bashobore kuzireguraho, Dr. Bwimba avuga ko ubwo bujurire budasobanutse ndetse Kabanda ntacyo yanenze ku cyemezo kijuririrwa. Akarere ka Muhanga na ko n’ibyo gasobanura ko ubujurire bwa Kabanda butagaragaza impamvu z’ubujurire bityo bukaba bugomba gufatwa nk’ubudahari kuko atubahirije ibitegenywa n’amategeko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Iyo umuburanyi yatsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe ubujurire bwe ntibwakirwa kuko buba butari mu bubasha bw’urukiko. 2. Mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, ntiharebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarasubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa.

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3. Uwajurije afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro. Iyo umuburanyi yavuze ko ajuriye ariko ntagaragaze inenge ziri mu rubanza yajuririye n’uko zakosorwa Urukiko rwemeza ko ubwo bujurire nta shingiro bufite. Inzitizi y’iburabubasha ifite ishingiro. Amagarama aherera ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, ingingo ya 52. Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111, 150 n’iya 160. Itegeko Nº15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: RS/INJUST/RCOM00003/2020/SC, Sanlam Assurance Générales Plc na University of Rwanda, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020. RC/INJUST/RCOM00002/2020/SC, Road Solution Pavements Product na Mailco Ltd rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020. RCOMAA0048/16/CS, RRA na SODAR Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 19/05/2017. RCOMAA00042/2023/CA, Rodas Importer and Distributor Ltd na Gasangwa Jean Baptiste n’abandi, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 06/11/2023. RCOMA00008/2022/CA, Prime Economic Zone (PEZ) Co Ltd iburana na Mubiligi Paul, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/07/2023. RCAA00036/2022/CA, Dayenu Hotel Ltd na Gasana Gaspard n’abandi, rwaciwe ku wa 29/06/2023 haburana. RADAA00011/2022/CA, Nzabarimana Abdallahaman n’Umujyi wa Kigali, rwaciwe ku wa 12/06/2023. RCOMAA00012/2022/CA, Bufcoffee Ltd na Teuscher Invest Ltd, yahindutse Kivubelt Coffee Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal ni umuganga ufite impamyabumenyi ya Kaminuza yo mu rwego rwa Médécine générale, akaba yarakoreraga mu ivuriro Clinique Médicale la Bénédiction ryari riherereye mu Karere ka Muhanga. Avuga ko iryo vuriro ari irye ashingiye ku burenganzira bwo kurifungura yahawe na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima ku wa 27/07/2011. [2] Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal avuga ko nyuma y’uko ku wa 22/11/2011 Ubugenzuzi bw’Umurimo mu Karere ka Muhanga bwemereye iryo vuriro gutangira gukora ku mugaragaro, kugira ngo uwo mushinga ushoboke yakusanyije amafaranga n’ibikoresho bifite agaciro ka 98.966.650Frw, muri ibyo bikoresho harimo ibyo yaguze muri cyamunara, ibyo yahawe na Kipharma, ibyo yahawe na Padiri Habimana Josaphat, n’ibindi yabonye abihaweho umwenda n’ibigo binyuranye n’ubu agikomeza kwishyura.

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[3] Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal avuga kandi ko mu rwego rwo gushakisha iterambere ry’iryo vuriro, kuwa 22/02/2012, ni ukuvuga nyuma y’amezi atandatu ivuriro rikora, yakoranye na Kabanda Floribert na Rusiha Gaston amasezerano y’ubwumvikane mu gufatanya igikorwa cyo kuricunga, ariko nyuma y’amezi atanu Rusiha Gaston asezera mu ivuriro asaba no gusubizwa imigabane yari yagenewe muri iryo vuriro, ngo anavuga ko asezeye ku mpamvu y’uko nta mutungo we bwite yashyizemo. Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal avuga ko bigeze ku wa 16/07/2012 yaseshe amasezerano yari afitanye na Kabanda Floribert, maze guhera kuwa 17/07/2012 asigarana wenyine iryo vuriro n’uburenganzira kuri ryo ku buryo budasubirwaho (ngo n’ubwo n’ubusanzwe ariwe ryari ryanditseho ndetse akaba ari nawe itangwa ry’ uburenganzira bwo kurifungura ryashingiyeho). [4] Kabanda Floribert we avuga ko ari we washinze iryo vuriro ariko kuko atari afite impamyabushobozi y’ubuganga yamwemereraga kurikoresha, aryandikisha kuri Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal, hanyuma Kabanda Floribert akodesha inzu na Mukakalisa Léonille iryo vuriro riba ariyo rikoreramo, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amasezerano bagiranye ku wa 01/05/2012. Avuga kandi ko yashatse umufatanyabikorwa witwa Rusiha Gaston, Dr. Bwimba Rutagegwa Pascal ababera umukozi, bumvikana ko mu nyungu izajya iboneka Kabanda Floribert azajya atwara umugabane ungana na 67,5%, Rusiha Gaston agatwara 10% naho Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal agatwara 22,2%. [5] Kabanda Floribert avuga ko Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yashatse kubahuguza iryo vuriro avuga ko ari irye ku giti cye, bituma amurega mu nzego z’ubutabera, mu rubanza RPA 0365/13/HC/NYA – RPA 0381/13/HC/NYA rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 24/12/2013 Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal ahamwa n’icyaha cy’ubuhemu no gutangaho ingwate ikintu kitari icye, ahanishwa igifungo cy’umwaka umwe n’ihazabu ya 500.000Frw. [6] Nyuma y’uko inzu ye ikodeshejwe na Clinique Médicale la Bénédiction, Mukakalisa Léonille yandikiye Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Nyamabuye abusaba kumwishyuriza amafaranga y’ubukode bw’inzu ye, ubwo buyobozi nabwo kuwa 28/03/2013 bwandikira Kabanda Floribert nk’uwari waragiranye na Mukakalisa Léonille amasezerano y’ubukode bw’iyo nzu, bumusaba kwishyura ariko ntiyabikora, bigeze ku wa 06/08/2013 Mukakalisa Léonille yongera kwandikira Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge abwibutsa ikibazo yari afitanye na Kabanda Floribert cy’uko amubereyemo umwenda ungana na 4.430.000Frw; hanyuma ku wa 19/08/2013 Kabanda Floribert yandikira Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Nyamabuye avuga ko ashaka gusubiza Mukakalisa Léonille inzu ye yakoreragamo kuko atagishoboye kuyishyura bitewe n’ibibazo by’imanza ivuriro Clinique Médicale la Bénédiciton ryari rifitanye na Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pasacal. [7] Ku wa 03/01/2014 Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge wa Nyamabuye bufatanyije n’abaturage bakoze ibarura ry’ibikoresho byari muri iyo nzu, maze Mukakalisa Léonille amaze guhabwa inzu ye, atiza Kabanda Floribert icyumba cyo kuba abitsemo ibyo bikoresho, ibyo na byo Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge bubikorera inyandiko. [8] Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal avuga ko yandikiye Akarere ka Muhanga amabaruwa anyuranye asaba ko yasubizwa imiti n’ibikoresho byose bya Clinique Médicale la Bénédiction, ku wa 03/12/2013 Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa w’ Umurenge wa Nyamabuye amwandikira amusaba kuza gufata ibikoresho bye, ariko ku wa 05/12/2013 saa munani yitabiriye ubutumire ntiyabihabwa kuko atabonye umwakira. Avuga ko hagati aho yaje gufungwa, aho afunguriwe ku wa 04/04/2019 abona igisubizo cy’ Akarere ka Muhanga mu ibaruwa yako No 1234/07.0207 bamubwira ko nta bikoresho bye Akarere kafatiriye cyangwa ngo kabifunge, ko kandi Clinique Médicale la Bénédiction itari iye. [9] Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal ahereye kuri icyo gisubizo yareze Akarere ka Muhanga mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga, asaba gusubizwa ibikoresho bye by’akazi byari muri iryo vuriro, uko byari bimeze (état) ubwo ivuriro ryafungwaga n’Umukozi w’Akarere ka Muhanga ibikoresho bye

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byarimo bigafatirwa, kwishyurwa indishyi zingana na 394.529.150Frw z’igihombo yatejwe no kuba atarahawe ibyo bikoresho kuva ku wa 31/10/2013 ubwo ivuriro rye ryafungwaga, 1.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza na 3.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka hiyongereyeho 10% y’amafaranga yose azaba yategetswe n’Urukiko. Bisabwe n’Akarere ka Muhanga, mu rubanza hagobokeshejwemo Kabanda Floribert. [10] Akarere ka Muhanga kaburanye kavuga ko nta ndishyi gakwiye kuryozwa, kuko icyo kakoze ari uguhesha Mukakalisa Léonille inzu ye nk’umuturage wako ku mpamvu y’uko abayikoreragamo bari baranze kumwishyura ubukode maze asaba Ubuyobozi bw’Akarere kumufasha gusubizwa inzu ye, kakaba rero kadakwiye kubazwa ibikoresho byari muri iryo vuriro; ko ahubwo bikwiye kubazwa Kabanda Floribert wakomeje iryo vuriro. Kabanda Floribert ntiyigeze yitabira inama ntegurarubanza n’iburanisha kugira ngo avuguruze iyo miburanire y’Akarere ka Muhanga. [11] Mu rubanza RAD00001/2020/TGI/MHG rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ku wa 30/09/2021 rwemeje ko Akarere ka Muhanga ntacyo kagomba kuryozwa, rutegeka ko Kabanda Floribert ari we wishyura Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal 98.966.650 Frw y’agaciro k’ibikoresho biburanwa na 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka akanamusubiza ½ cy’ingwate y’amagarama yatanze arega kingana na 10.000Frw; naho Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal akishyura Akarere ka Muhanga 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [12] Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, avuga ko ku rwego rwa mbere Urukiko rwirengagije ibimenyetso yarushyikirije bigaragaza ko Akarere ka Muhanga ari ko kagomba kwishyura agaciro k’ibikoresho bye, runirengagiza gusuzuma izindi ndishyi yasabye, ndetse rumutegeka kwishyura amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. [13] Uhagarariye Akarere ka Muhanga yireguye avuga ko ubujurire bwatanzwe na Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal nta shingiro bufite. Kabanda Floribert yitabye Urukiko kuri urwo rwego, nawe yiregura avuga ko ubujurire bwa Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal nta shingiro bufite kuko ivuriro rya Clinique Médicale La Bénédiction yiyitirira atari irye kimwe n’ibikoresho birimo, ko ahubwo mu kurishinga bamwiyambaje kuko ari we wari wujuje ibisabwa, akaba ashaka kuryiyitirira mu buryo bw’uburiganya. [14] Mu rubanza RADA00010/2021/HC/NYZ rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza ku wa 24/02/2023 rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal nta shingiro bufite, rumutegeka kwishyura Akarere ka Muhanga 500.000Frw y’indishyi yiyongera ku yo yaciwe ku rwego rwa mbere. [15] Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal na Kabanda Floribert bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ubujurire bwa Dr Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal buhabwa RADAA00001/2023/CA naho ubwa Kabanda Floribert buhabwa RADAA00002/2023/CA ariko buhurizwa hamwe. Ubujurire bwa Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal bushingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: - Kuba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza rwarirengagije ibimenyetso n’amategeko bigaragarira buri wese rugaca urubanza mu buryo bugenekereje, rwemeza ko nta kosa Akarere ka Muhanga kakoze bituma kataryozwa kwishyura ibikoresho byafatiriwe bikaburirwa irengero; - Kuba Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, rwaremeje mu buryo butari bwo, ko ataregeye indishyi zingana na 394.529.150Frw, kandi ko n’iyo aza kuba yaraziregeye nta shingiro zari kuba zifite; - Kuba yarategetswe kwishyura Akarere ka Muhanga indishyi.

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[16] Kabanda Floribert we muri IECMS ahagenewe ground of claim n’ahagenewe incamake y’urubanza (case summary) avuga ko Urukiko rwavuze ko atsinzwe (ko atari we nyir’ibikoresho) rushingiye ku bimenyetso bicukumbuye no gusesengura urubanza nk’uko rwabisobanuye mu bika bya 27 by’urubanza rwajuririwe, naho ahagenewe ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa (List if issues to be analysed) akavuga ko asaba ko Urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo rusuzuma impamvu zose yagaragaje ari nazo ashingiraho atanga ubujurire. [17] Mbere yo kwiregura mu mizi kuri ubwo bujurire bwombi, uhagarariye Akarere ka Muhanga yatanze inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, avuga ko Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yatsinzwe mu Nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, uhagarariye Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal we akavuga ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite. [18] Ku bijyanye n’ubujurire bwa Kabanda Floribert, uhagarariye Akarere ka Muhanga n’uhagarariye Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal bavuga ko budasobanutse kuko atagaragaje icyo anenga urubanza RADA00010/2021/HC/NYZ ku buryo babona aho bahera babwireguraho, bityo ukubwireguraho kwabo kukagarukira gusa ku gusaba ko Urukiko rutabuha ishingiro. [19] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 04/12/2024, Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yunganiwe na Me Uwimabera Béata, Akarere ka Muhanga gahagarariwe na Me Mbonigaba Eulade naho kuri Kabanda Floribert utaritabye Urukiko ariko yarahamagajwe ahatazwi mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, Urukiko rwemeza ko urubanza ruburanishwa adahari ariko rukazafatwa nk’aho yari ahari. Urukiko rwaburanishije ku bijyanye n’inzitizi y’iburabubasha yavuzwe haruguru no ku bisabwa n’abandi baburanyi nk’ingaruka zo kuba Kabanda Floribert yarajuriye ariko ntagaragaze impamvu z’ubujurire bwe kugira ngo abo arega babashe kubwireguraho. [20] Hashingiwe ku mpaka zagaragajwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasuzuma ibibazo bikurikira bigize urubanza: - Kumenya niba mu nkiko zombi zabanje Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yaratsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe ku buryo ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa; - Kumenya ingaruka zo kuba Kabanda Floribert yarajuriye ariko ntaragaragaze impamvu z’ubujurire bwe kugira ngo abandi baburanyi bashobore kuzireguraho; - Ibijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya avoka bisabwa n’ababuranyi. I. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba mu nkiko zombi zabanje Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yaratsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe ku buryo ubujurire bwe butagomba kwakirwa [21] Me Mbonigaba Eulade uhagarariye Akarere ka Muhanga avuga ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa mu ngingo ya 52, igika cya 3 y’Itegeko N° 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, uru Rukiko rudafite ububasha bwo kuburanisha ubujurire bwa Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal kuko mu Nkiko zombi zabanje yatsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [22] Asobanura ko mu rubanza RAD 00001/2020/TGI/MHG Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwemeje ko Akarere ka Muhanga katagombaga kuregwa kuko ntacyo karyozwa, ahubwo Kabanda Floribet akaba ari we ugomba gusubiza Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal agaciro k’ibikoresho yaregeye rushingiye ku mpamvu z’ingenzi zikurikira, zigaragara mu isesengura rwakoze mu bika bya 20-22 by’urwo rubanza:

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- Akarere ka Muhanga ntikagombaga kuregwa kuko nta kosa kakoze bityo kakaba kataryozwa ibikoresho Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yaregeye avuga ko ari ibye, kuko katigeze kabihungabanya, ko kabibungabunze binakorerwa inyandiko mu gihe Akarere kasubizaga inzu ivuriro ryakoreragamo nyirayo kandi ibi bikaba biri mu nshingano zako; - Imvugo y’Akarere ka Muhanga y’uko Kabanda Floribert ariwe wahawe ibyo bikoresho akanagirana amasezerano mashya na nyir’inzu ndetse agakomeza gukoresha ibyo bikoresho muri iryo vuriro, ni ukuri kuko Kabanda Floribert atitabye Urukiko ngo ayivuguruze, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko Nº15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko ikimenyetso cyo mu rubanza ari uburyo bukoreshwa kugira ngo ukuri kw’ibyabaye kugaragare; Kabanda Floribert akaba ari we ugomba kwirengera ibyo bikoresho cyane ko no mu gihe cyo gusubiza inzu nyirayo ntacyo yigeze avuga cyangwa akora mu rwego rwo kugaragaza niba ibyo bikoresho atari ibye. [23] Uhagarariye Akarere ka Muhanga avuga ko izo mpamvu ari nazo zashingiweho n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza mu bika bya 16,17, 19, 20 na 21 by’urubanza RADA00010/2021/HC/NYZ mu kwemeza ko Akarere ka Muhanga atari ko kagomba kwishyura agaciro k’ibikoresho Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yaregeye. [24] Me Uwimabera Béata uhagarariye Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal avuga ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite, kuko mu gufata icyemezo inkiko zombi zabanje zitashingiye ku mpamvu zimwe. Asobanura ko Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yaregeye indishyi zishingiye ku bikoresho bye atahawe no ku kuba ivuriro ridakora Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ntirwagira icyo ruzivugaho, abijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza maze mu bika bya 32-33 by’urubanza RADA00010/2021/HC/NYZ, urwo Rukiko, mu gufata icyemezo kuri izo ndishyi ruvuga ko zitaregewe kandi ko n’iyo ziregerwa nta shingiro zari kuba zifite, rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal atigeze avuguruza ko iryo vuriro yari arisangiye n’undi, bityo akaba ataratsinzwe hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [25] Uhagarariye Akarere ka Muhanga avuga ko ibirebana n’indishyi zisabwa bikomoka ku ngaruka z’ibyashingirwaho, ko rero mu gihe Urukiko rubanza rwaba rwaravuze ko nta ndishyi zatangwa kuko zidafite ishingiro, Urukiko rujuririwe narwo rwazisuzuma rugasanga nta shingiro zifite, bifatwa nko gutsindwa hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, hatitawe ku cyiciro cy’indishyi zisabwa. Avuga kandi ko Urukiko rwajuririwe ruburanisha urubanza mu mbibi z’icyajuririwe, kandi mu rubanza rujuririrwa ingingo irebana n’indishyi ikaba itarasuzumwe ngo kuko itari yararegewe mu Rukiko rubanza, ko n’aha idakwiye gusuzumwa kabone n’iyo ikirego cyakwakirwa, kuko itaba impamvu igaragaza ko impamvu zashingiwe mu Nkiko zombi zibanza zitari zimwe. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [26] Ingingo ya 52, igika cya 3, y’Itegeko Nº 30/2018 ryo ku wa 02/06/2018 rigena ububasha bw’inkiko, iteganya ko ubujurire bwa kabiri budashobora kwakirwa ku muburanyi watsinzwe mu nkiko zombi hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. [27] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa ku rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri ari zimwe kigomba gusuzumwa hasesengurwa imikirize y’urubanza kuri izo nzego zombi, ingingo z’ingenzi zasuzumwe n’impamvu buri Rukiko rwashingiyeho kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo.

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[28] Mu manza zitandukanye1 zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, izi nkiko zombi zasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma niba umuburanyi yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zombi zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe, harebwa icyaburanwaga n’imitekerereze ya buri rukiko (ni ukuvuga raisonnement juridique) mu kugaragaza impamvu zashingiweho, kugira ngo rugere ku cyemezo rwafashe, hitawe ku kureba niba ingingo zaburanywe ku rwego rubanza ari zo zagarutsweho mu bujurire kandi ko inkiko zombi zazisubijeho mu buryo bumwe. [29] Muri izo manza kandi hasobanuwe ko impamvu zimwe zisuzumirwa mu mbago z’ibyajuririwe hashingiwe ku ihame risanzwe mu micire y’imanza rivuga ko umucamanza wo mu rwego rwa mbere yita ku igenzura ry’ibimenyetso n’amategeko ugereranyije n’ikiburanwa, naho umucamanza wo mu rwego rw’ubujurire akibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura niba amategeko ku rwego rwa mbere yarubahirijwe uko bikwiye hakurikijwe ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso byari byatanzwe muri urwo rubanza, byaba ngombwa agakosora aho bikenewe. [30] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kandi mu rubanza RCOMAA0048/16/CS rwaciwe ku wa 19/05/2017 haburana RRA na SODAR Ltd, rwasobanuye ko mu gusuzuma ko impamvu zashingiweho umuburanyi atsindwa mu nkiko zombi ari zimwe, hatarebwa niba ibimenyetso ababuranyi batanze ku rwego rwa mbere ari byo byatanzwe no mu rwego rw’ubujurire, cyangwa ko zakoresheje amagambo amwe, ko ahubwo harebwa niba inkiko zombi zarasubije ku buryo bumwe ingingo zirebana n’ikiburanwa. [31] Ku birebana n’uru rubanza, dosiye yarwo igaragaza ko mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yareze asaba Urukiko gutegeka Akarere ka Muhanga kumusubiza ibikoresho avuga ko ari ibye, byari muri iryo vuriro nk’uko byari bimeze (état) ubwo umukozi w’Akarere yarifungaga bigafatirwa, indishyi z’igihombo yatejwe no kuba atarahawe ibyo bikoresho kuva ivuriro rigifungwa, 1.000.000Frw y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza na 3.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka hiyongereyeho 10% y’amafaranga yose azaba yategetswe n’Urukiko. [32] Dosiye y’urubanza kandi igaragaza ko mu gusuzuma ikibazo nyamukuru cyari mu rubanza, cyo kumenya niba Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal agomba kwishyurwa agaciro k’ibikoresho yaregeye n’ugomba kubyishyura hagati y’Akarere ka Muhanga karezwe na Kabanda Floribert (wagobokeshejwe mu rubanza bisabwe n’Akarere), Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga rwaremeje ko Akarere ka Muhanga nta kosa kakoze bityo kakaba kataragombaga kuregwa kuko ntacyo karyozwa, ahubwo Kabanda Floribert akaba ari we ugomba kwishyura agaciro k’ibyo bikoresho, rushingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: - Kuba Akarere karakoze ibiri mu nshingano zako gasubiza umuturage wakiyambaje inzu ye kuko abayikodeshaga batamwishyuraga, kandi kakaba katarigeze gahungabanya ibyo bikoresho kuko kabibungabunze neza bikanakorerwa inyandiko mu gihe kasubizaga inzu nyirayo; - Kuba imvugo y’Akarere ka Muhanga y’uko Kabanda Floribert ari we wahawe ibyo bikoresho ndetse akagirana amasezerano mashya na nyir’inzu agakomeza iryo vuriro akoresha ibyo bikoresho mu gihe Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yari afunze, ari ukuri

1Muri izi manza harimo: - RC/INJUST/RCOM 00002/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 25/09/2020 haburana Road Solution Pavements Product na Mailco Ltd. - RS/INJUST/RCOM00003/2020/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 27/11/2020 haburana Sanlam Assurance Générales Plc na University of Rwanda. - RCOMAA00012/2022/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 22/07/2022 haburana Bufcoffee Ltd na Teuscher Invest Ltd, yahindutse Kivubelt Coffee Ltd (igika cya 17). - RCOMAA00042/2023/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 06/11/2023 haburana Rodas Importer and distributor Ltd na Gasangwa Jean Baptiste n’abandi.

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kuko Kabanda Floribert atitabye Urukiko ngo ayivuguruze, bityo akaba ari we ugomba kwishyura ibyo bikoresho, cyane ko ari we wasabye gusubiza nyirayo inzu ivuriro ryakoreragamo, Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal asaba gusubizwa ibikoresho byari muri iryo vuriro avuga ko ari ibye, Ubuyobozi bw’Umurenge bumwandikira bumusaba kuza gufata ibikoresho bye iyo baruwa imenyeshwa inzego zose zakoreraga muri Muhanga, nyamara Kabanda Floribert akaba atarigeze agira icyo avuga cyangwa akora agaragaza ko ibyo bikoresho atari ibya Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal. [33] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko Urukiko Rukuru narwo rwemeje ko ntacyo Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal agomba kuryoza Akarere ka Muhanga rushingiye ku mpamvu y’uko, nk’uko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwabisobanuye, Akarere ka Muhanga katagombaga kuregwa kuko kakoze ibiri mu nshingano zako gasubiza umuturage wakiyambaje inzu ye kuko atishyurwaga ubukode; kandi na Kabanda Floribert bari baragiranye amasezerano y’ubukode akaba yaremeraga kuyimusubiza kuko yavugaga ko atari agishoboye kuyikodesha; ko rero bitakozwe mu buryo bwo guhubuka cyangwa guhutazwa bitunguranye nk’uko Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yashakaga kubyumvikanisha; kandi Akarere kakaba kataragombaga kurebera ikibazo cy’ umuturage utari ufite ituze n’ umutekano kubera ihungabanywa ry’uburenganzira ku mutungo n’ ingaruka zabyo zose ku bijyanye no kuba yawukoresha icyo ashaka harimo no kuwubyaza umusaruro nta nkomyi. [34] Ku bijyanye no kuba Kabanda Floribert ari we wategetswe kwishyura Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal agaciro k’ibikoresho biburanwa, Urukiko Rukuru narwo rwasobanuye ko nk’uko byemejwe mu rubanza rwajuririwe, Kabanda Floribert atagize icyo avuga agaragaza ko ibyo bikoresho atari ibya Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal wagombaga kubisubizwa no kuba nawe yemera ko bagiranye ubwumvikane mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ivuriro bari bahuriyeho nabyo bigaragaza ko na we yemeraga ko ibyo bikoresho byazanywe mu ivuriro na Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal mu kwishyira hamwe, ndetse no mu Rukiko Rukuru hakaba nta kigaragaza ko Kabanda Floribert amaze gutegekwa kwishyura izo ndishyi yazijuririye. [35] Naho ku bijyanye n’indishyi Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal asaba kwishyurwa n’Akarere ka Muhanga kubera igihombo yatewe n’uko atahawe ibikoresho bye, Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ntazo rwamugeneye, nta n’icyo rwazivuzeho mu rubanza, ajurira asaba kuzigenerwa ngo kuko Urukiko rwirengagije nkana kuzisuzuma; Urukiko Rukuru rusanga kuba atarazihawe ku rwego rwa mbere bifite ishingiro kuko Urukiko rutari kuzimugenera mu gihe yazisabaga Akarere ka Muhanga kandi rukaba rwari rumaze kwemeza ko ntacyo kagomba kuryozwa; ibi bikaba ari nabyo Urukiko Rukuru rwasobanuye ko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwagombaga guca urubanza ku cyaregewe, bityo ibivugwa n’uhagarariye Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal ko Urukiko Rukuru rutamugeneye izo ndishyi ruvuga ko ataziregeye bikaba atari ukuri kuko nk’uko byasobanuwe iyo mpamvu atariyo yashingiweho. [36] Ku bijyanye n’izo ndishyi kandi Urukiko Rukuru rwongeyeho ko hanashingiwe ku masezerano y’ ubufatanye Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yagiranye n’abandi banyamigabane yavuzwe kandi akaba atarayavuguruje, ivuriro yari arisangiye n’abandi, akaba atabirengaho ngo asabe indishyi ku giti cye, kuko ahanini zijyanye muri rusange n’ amafaranga yishyurwaga n’abarwayi kimwe n’imisoro ijyanye na byo yishyurwaga cyangwa yagombaga kwishyura, ava ku nyungu basangiye. [37] Isesengura ry’ibyemezo byafashwe n’inkiko zombi ndetse n’impamvu zashingiyeho nk’uko zagaragajwe haruguru, ryerekana ko inkiko zombi zabanje, n’ubwo zitakoresheje amagambo amwe, ariko imitekerereze yazo igaragaza ko ibibazo nyamukuru zasuzumye ari ibijyanye no kumenya niba Akarere ka Muhanga kagomba gusubiza Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal agaciro k’ibikoresho by’ivuriro yaregeye avuga ko ari ibye, no kumenya niba Akarere ka Muhanga kagomba kumwishyura indishyi z’uko atahawe ibyo bikoresho kuva igihe ivuriro ryafungiwe.

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[38] Ikigaragarira uru Rukiko ni uko mu gusubiza ibyo bibazo, inkiko zombi zahurije ku kuba Akarere ka Muhanga ntacyo kagomba kuryozwa na Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal kuko nta kosa kakoze mu gusubiza umuturage inzu ye ivuriro ryakoreragamo, kuko byari mu nshingano zako; Kabanda Floribert akaba ari we ugomba kubiryozwa kuko ubwo Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yasabaga kubisubizwa Kabanda Floribert atigeze agaragaza ko atari ibye, ntanavuguruze imvugo y’Akarere y’uko ari we wabihawe ndetse akagirana amasezerano mashya na nyir’inzu agakomeza iryo vuriro akoresha ibyo bikoresho mu gihe Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal yari afunze. [39] Naho ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’uko atasubijwe ibyo bikoresho, n’ubwo Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Muhanga ntacyo rwazivuzeho nyuma yo gusanga Akarere ka Muhanga ntacyo kagomba kuryozwa, byumvikana ko imitekerereze y’inkiko zombi zabanje kuri iki kibazo ari iy’uko izo ndishyi Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal atagombaga kuzigenerwa kuko yazisabaga Akarere ka Muhanga kandi ku nzego zombi inkiko zikaba zari zemeje ko nta kosa kakoze. [40] Urukiko rurasanga, kuba, ku bijyanye n’indishyi z’uko atasubijwe ibikoresho bye Urukiko Rukuru rwarongeyeho ibisobanuro by’uko Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal atashoboraga kuziregera ku giti cye mu gihe ahanini zijyanye muri rusange n’ amafaranga yishyurwaga n’abarwayi kimwe n’imisoro ijyanye na byo yishyurwaga cyangwa yagombaga kwishyura, kandi akaba atarashoboye kuvuguruza amasezerano y’ ubufatanye yagiranye n’abandi banyamigabane bari bahuriye kuri iryo vuriro, ibi ubwabyo bitaba impamvu yashingirwaho hemezwa ko atatsinzwe ku mpamvu zimwe, kuko mu kirego cye no mu miburanire ye ku nzego zombi zabanje yasabaga kwishyurwa n’Akarere ka Muhanga kandi nk’uko byasobanuwe, ku nzego zombi inkiko zikaba zaremeje ko ntacyo kagomba kuryozwa kuko nta kosa kakoze. [41] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuro byose byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga inzitizi y’iburabubasha yatanzwe n’Akarere ka Muhanga ifite ishingiro, ubujurire bwa kabiri bwatanzwe na Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal bukaba butagomba kwakirwa. 2. Kumenya ingaruka zo kuba Kabanda Floribert yarajuriye ariko ntaragaragaze impamvu z’ubujurire bwe kugira ngo abandi baburanyi bashobore kuzireguraho [42] Uhagarariye Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal avuga ko ubujurire bwa Kabanda Floribert budasobanutse kuko ishingiro ry'ibyo ajuririra cyangwa icyo anenga icyemezo cy'urukiko kidasobanutse kugira ngo nabo babone aho bahera babwireguraho. [43] Uhagarariye Akarere ka Muhanga nawe avuga ko Kabanda Floribert atagaragaje impamvu z’ubujurire bityo bukaba bukwiriye gufatwa nk’ubudahari kuko atubahirije ibiteganywa mu gace ka 5 n’aka 6 tw’ingingo ya 160 y’Itegeko ngingo ya 150 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [44] Iki kibazo gishingiye ku kumenya niba Kabanda Floribert ataragaragaje icyo anenga urubanza rwajuririwe n’ingaruka byagira mu rwego rw’amategeko. [45] Ingingo ya 150, agace ka 5 n’aka 6, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza: 5° urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa; 6º ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko.

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[46] Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko uwajurije afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro. Iyo atabikoze ubwo bujurire burakirwa, urukiko rukemeza ko nta shingiro bufite. [47] Ikibazo gisa n’icyavuzwe haruguru cyasuzumwe mu manza zinyuranye zaciwe n’uru Rukiko2, zigitangaho umurongo ukurikira: uwajuriye afite inshingano yo kugaragaza ukwibeshya kwakozwe n’Urukiko rubanza gushingiye ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye kwatumye urubanza rujuririrwa rucibwa nabi cyangwa kwatuma ruta agaciro. Iyo atabikoze ubwo bujurire burakirwa, urukiko rukemeza ko nta shingiro bufite. [48] Muri IECMS ahagenewe “ground of claim” n’ahagenegwe incamake y’urubanza (case summary) Kabanda Floribet avuga ko Urukiko rwavuze ko atsinzwe (ko atari we nyir’ibikoresho) rushingiye ku bimenyetso bicukumbuye no gusesengura urubanza biturutse ku kuba: - Ataragize icyo avuga agaragaza ko ibyo bikoresho atari iby’ uwagombaga kubisubizwa (reba igika cya 27 y’urubanza RADA 00010/2021/HC/NYZ); - Kuba nawe yemera ko yagiranye ubwumvikane na Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ivuriro bari bahuriyeho ngo bigaragaza ko na we yemeraga ko ibyo bikoresho byazanywe mu ivuriro na Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal mu kwishyira hamwe (reba igika cya 27cy’urubanza RADA 00010/2021/HC/NYZ); - Kuba nta kigaragaza ko Kabanda Floribert amaze gutegekwa kwishyura izo ndishyi yazijuririye. [49] Naho ahagenewe ibibazo bigomba gusuzumwa (List if issues to be analysed) akavuga ko asaba Urukiko ko mu bushishozi bwarwo rwasuzuma impamvu zose yagaragaje ari nazo ashingiraho atanga ubujurire. [50] Urukiko rurasanga Kabanda Floribert asaba Urukiko gusuzuma impamvu ashingiraho ubujurire bwe, ariko mu bisobanuro atanga akaba avuga gusa ibyemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza yajuririye kimwe n’ibyo urukiko rwashingiyeho, ntagaragaze icyo arunenga, amakosa rwakoze n’uko yakosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko cyangwa ku byabaye. Hashingiwe ku murongo wavuzwe haruguru, ubujurire bwe bukaba bufatwa nk’ubudafite ishingiro. 3. Ibijyanye n’ amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’ababuranyi [51] Me Uwimabera Béata asaba Urukiko gutegeka Akarere ka Muhanga kwishyura Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal 2.000.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 500.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [52] Me Mbonigaba Eulade avuga ko ibyo Dr. Bwimba rutagengwa Pascal asaba nta shingiro bifite, ko ahubwo ariwe ugomba kwishyura Akarere ka Muhanga 1.000.000Frw y'ikurikiranarubanza na 1.000.000Frw y'igihembo cya Avoka. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA

2Muri izo manza harimo urubanza RCOMA00008/2022/CA, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 31/07/2023 Prime Economic Zone (PEZ) Co Ltd iburana na Mubiligi Paul (igika cya 47); urubanza RADAA00011/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 12/06/2023 haburana Nzabarimana Abdallahaman n’Umujyi wa Kigali (igika cya 45), n’urubanza RCAA00036/2022/CA rwaciwe ku wa 29/06/2023 haburana Dayenu Hotel Ltd na Gasana Gaspard n’abandi (igika cya 31).

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[53] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira: ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [54] Urukiko rurasanga Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal ari we wajuriye kuri uru rwego biba ngombwa ko Akarere ka Muhanga gakurikirana urubanza kanashaka Avoka ukaburanira; nyamara nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru ubujurire bwa Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal bukaba butari mu bubasha bw’uru Rukiko, bityo hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 yibukijwe haruguru Urukiko rukaba rugeneye Akarere ka Muhanga, mu bushishozi bwarwo, 500.000Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 200.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego kuko ayo basaba ari menshi harebwe aho urubanza rugarukiye ; naho ayasabwe na Dr. Bwimba rutagengwa Pascal akaba adakwiriye kuyahabwa kuko ubujurire bwe butakiriwe. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [55] Rwemeje ko inzitizi y’iburabubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire yatanzwe n’Akarere ka Muhanga ifite ishingiro. [56] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal butakiriwe kuko butari mu bubasha bw’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire. [57] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Kabanda Floribert nta shingiro bufite. [58] Rutegetse Dr. Bwimba Rutagengwa Pascal kwishyura Akarere ka Muhanga amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi magana abiri (200.000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. [59] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.