EBRR v. BCR SA

# EBRR v. BCR SA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2015-07-10 - Case/document no.: RCOMA 0139/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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EBRR v. BCR SA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RCOMA 0139/12/CS (Kanyange, P.J., Rugabirwa na Hitiyaremye, J.) 10 Nyakanga 2015] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Amasezerano y’inguzanyo – Ububasha bwo guhagararira Itorero – Kuba umuyobozi w’ungirije w’Itorero ariwe wari uyihagarariye mu Rukiko mu rwego rw’amategeko kandi atari abifitiye ububasha kubera ko atabiherewe uburenganzira n’umuvugizi w’itorero nk’uko amategeko yaryo abiteganya, n’ inenge y’iremezo ituma urwo rubanza rugomba guteshwa agaciro, Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ingingo ya 98, Amategeko Shingiro y‘Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe, ingingo ya 25. Incamake y’ikibazo: BCR ubu yabaye I&MBANK yahaye Ngendabanyika Jean Paul umwenda ungana na 70.000.000 Frws wo gukora isoko ry’ubwubatsi bw’ amashuli atatu aherereye mu karere ka Ruhango ryagombaga kwishyurirwa ikiguzi na Christian Action for Development (CAD), iyi nayo iza kwegurira ibi bikorwa Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza (EBRR) ku gaciro ka 180.000.000 Frws. Iyo nguzanyo ikaba yarishingiwe na Sinamenye Isaac hamwe na Uwizeyimana Emmanuel. Ngendabanyika ntiyabashije kwishyura nk’uko byumvikanywe, BCR SA imurega mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi hamwe n’abishingizi be, isaba kwishyurwa umwenda yabahaye, inyungu hamwe n’indishyi zinyuranye. Urukiko rwemeza ko EBRR ibereyemo Ngendabanyika umwenda ungana na 180.000.000 frws. Urukiko rwayitegetse kandi kwishyura BCR SA umwenda wose uturuka ku nguzanyo Ngendabanyika yahawe nayo ungana na 144.643.197 Frws. EBRR ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza maze ijurira mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga ivuga ko ryagombaga kwishyura 70.000.000 frws BCR yagurije Ngendabanyika hatari mo inyungu. Kubera ko Ngendabanyika yaje kwitaba Imana, urubanza rwakomejwe n’umugore we. EBRR yatanze inzitizi ivuga ko uwari uyihagarariye mu Rukiko nta bubasha yari afite, bakaba basaba ko rwateshwa agaciro. Urukiko rwahamagaje urubanza nyuma y’ipfundikirwa yaryo kugirango ababuranyi bagire icyo bavuga ku mategeko nshingiro (statuts) y’itorero EBRR yagejejwe muri dosiye nyuma y’ipfundikirwa ry’urubanza runasaba umugore wa Ngendabanyika kuza mu rukiko yitwaje icyemezo cyerekana ko yari yarashakanye na nyakwigendera yari ahagarariye muri uru rubanza rujuririrwa. Uhagarariye EBRR avuga ko asaba ko uru rubanza rwajuririwe ruvanwaho kubera ko yatsinzwe urubanza mu rwego rwa mbere ndetse ikanagira ibyo itegekwa kwishyura kubera ko yari ihagarariwe mu rwego rw’amategeko n’umuntu uteri ufite ububasha kuko ntabwo yari yahawe n’umuvugizi w’itorero ari we Musenyeri. Uhagarariye abazungura ba Ngendabanyika we akavuga ko kuba uwaruhagarariye EBRR ari umuvugizi wungirije waryo, yari afite ububasha busesuye bwo gusimbura umuvugizi bw’itorero. Uhagarariye I&M BANK Ltd we akavuga ko mu mategeko shingiro ya EBRR hatagaragara inshingano z’Umuvugizi Wungirije, ko ariko kuva ibyo agomba kuba yujuje kugira ngo ajyeho

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ari na byo bisabwa Umuvugizi, byumvikana ko ashobora kumusimbura igihe cyose adahari. Avuga ko kuba ihamagara ryarageze mu buyobozi bwa EBRR, igahagararirwa mu rukiko n’umuntu uri mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, yumva yarahagarariwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ngo cyane cyane ko nta nyungu zindi yari afite zo kuza mu rukiko kuyihagararira. Uhagarariye CAD avuga ko hashingiwe ku mategeko shingiro y’Itorero EBRR, Umuvugizi w’ungirije agira ububasha bwo guhagararira itorero mu gihe Umuvugizi ari we Musenyeri adahari, avuga ko uru rubanza rwateshwa agaciro mu gihe nta kimenyetso gihari cyerekana ko yari yamutumye cyangwa se atashoboraga kuboneka kubera ko rwaba rwaburanyemo umuntu uteri ubifitiye ububasha avuga kandi ko kuba ihamagarwa ryarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko ntibyahesha umuvugizi wungirije guhagararira Itorero mu Rukiko. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Rév. Pasteur ntiyashoboraga guhagararira Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) imbere y’inkiko atabiherewe ububasha n’Umuvugizi w’Itorero mu gihe amategeko shingiro y’iryo torero ateganya ko umwepisikopi, akaba n’umuvugizi w’Itorero ari we wenyine wemerewe kurihagararira imbere y’amategeko. Urubanza RCOM 0070/10/HCC ruteshejwe agaciro. Amagarama y’urubanza aherereye kuwareze. Amategeko yashingiweho Itegeko n°21/2012 ryo kuwa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ingingo ya 98, Amategeko Shingiro y‘Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe, ingingo ya 25. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA MURI MAKE. [1] Uru rubanza rukomoka ku mwenda ungana na miliyoni mirongo irindwi z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda (70.000.000) Banki y’Ubucuruzi y’u Rwanda (BCR) ubu yahindutse I§M Bank Ltd yahaye NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul ukishingirwa na SINAMENYE Isaac hamwe na UWIZEYIMANA Emmanuel, hanyuma ntiwishyurwe nk’uko impande zose zari zabyemeranyijweho mu masezerano n° 0410/CRE/UO/0165-2008 yo kuwa 11/02/2008 n’ay’ubwishingire nayo yashyizweho umukono kuri iyo tariki, uwo mwenda ukaba wari uwo kugira ngo NGENDABANYIKA abashe gukora isoko ry’ubwubatsi bw’amashuri atatu (3) aherereye mu Karere ka Ruhango ryagombaga kwishyurirwa ikiguzi na Christian Action for Development «CAD», ibyo bikorwa ariko nyuma CAD ikaba yaraje kubyegurira Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) ku gaciro ka miliyoni Ijana na mirongwinane y’amanyarwanda (180.000.000).

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[2] Nyuma yo kubona rero itishyuwe umwenda wayo, ku itariki ya 16/3/2010 BCR sa (I§M Bank) yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi irega NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul n’abishingizi be isaba kwishyurwa umwenda yatanze n’inyungu zawo hamwe n’indishyi zinyuranye, Chistian Action for Development (CAD) n’Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) bagobokeshwa mu rubanza. [3] Urukiko rwaregewe rwaciye urubanza ku itariki ya 21/06/2012 rwemeza ko EBRR ibereyemo NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul umwenda ungana na 180.000.000 Frw, runayitegeka kwishyura BCR umwenda wose uturuka ku nguzanyo nyakwigendera NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul yahawe na BCR ungana na 144.643.197 Frw. [4] Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (Eglise de la Bonne Nouvelle pour les Rachetés « EBRR ») ntiryishimiye imikirize y’uru rubanza, maze rirujuririra mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rivuga ko ryagombaga kwishyura 70.000.000 Frw BCR yagurije NGENDABANYIKA hatarimo inyungu. [5] Batanze kandi inzitizi bavuga ko nta “reprise d’instance” ku bazungura yabayeho nyuma y’aho NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul urubanza rwe rutararangira, ko rwakomejwe na Madamu CYABOSHE NIWEMUGENI Lucie kandi atari mu bazungura be. [6] Batanze indi nzitizi kandi bavuga ko HAMENYIMANA Jean Paul wabahagarariye mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi nta bubasha yari afite, kubera izo mpamvu bagasaba ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwateshwa agaciro. Uhagarariye CAD na we ashimangira izo nzitizi, nyamara ariko uhagarariye abazungura ba NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul kimwe n’uburanira I§M Bank Ltd bo kakavuga ko izo nzitizi nta shingiro zifite. [7] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku itariki ya 23/12/2014 EBRR ihagarariwe na Me MUSONERA Alexis, Me MUTABAZI Innocent ahagarariye abazungura ba NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul, UWIZEYIMANA Emmanuel na SINAMENYE Isaac, Me ABIJURU Emmanuel aburanira CAD, naho I&M Bank Ltd iburanirwa na Me GAKWAYA Etienne, abari muri uru rubanza baburana ku nzitizi gusa. [8] Nyuma yo kumenyeshwa ko isomwa ry’urubanza rizaba ku itariki ya 30/1/2015 nyuma rikimurirwa ku itariki ya 6/2/2015, igihe cyo kurusuzuma ngo ruruce, Urukiko rwasanze ari ngombwa kongera kuruhamagaza kugira ngo ababuranyi bagire icyo bavuga ku mategeko shingiro (statuts) y’Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) yagejejwe muri dosiye nyuma y’ipfundikirwa ry’urubanza nk’uko byari byasabwe n’urukiko. Urukiko rwasanze kandi ari ngombwa ko Madamu CYABOSHE NIWEMUGENI Lucie yitaba urukiko ubwe, akazaza yitwaje icyemezo cy’uko yari yarashakanye na nyakwigendera NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul n’ibyemezo by’amavuko by’abazungura ba nyakwigendera yari ahagarariye mu rubanza rujuririrwa, maze iburanisha rishyirwa ku itariki ya 14/04/2015. Kuri iyo tariki ababuranyi bose baritabye, ariko urubanza ntirwashobora kuburanishwa kubera ubwire, iburanisha ryimurirwa ku itariki ya 2/06/2015. [9] Kuri iyo tariki ababuranyi bitabye Urukiko, EBRR iburanirwa na Me MUNYAWERA Alfred, I&M Bank iburanirwa na Me RUSANGANWA Jean Bosco, CAD iburanirwa na Me ABIJURU Emmanuel, SINAMENYE Isaac, UWIZEYIMANA Emmanuel n’abazungura na

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NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul batitabye kimwe na Madamu CYABOSHE NIWEMUGENI Lucie nyamara barasinyiye iyi tariki. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO. A. Kumenya niba EBRR yaraburaniwe n’umuntu udafite ububasha ku buryo byatesha urubanza agaciro. [10] Me MUSONERA Alexis uburanira EBRR yatanze inzitizi avuga ko mu rubanza I&M Bank Ltd yari yararezemo NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul hagobokeshejwemo EBRR, ihamagajwe hitaba uwitwa HAMENYIMANA Jean kandi atari we uyihagarariye mu rwego rw’amategeko, ko ndetse nta n’ububasha yari yahawe n’Umuvugizi w’Itorero, ko kuba rero EBRR yaratsinzwe ikagira n‘ibyo itegekwa kwishyura kandi yari ihagarariwe n’umuntu utari ubifitiye ububasha, urwo rubanza rugomba kuvaho. [11] Me MUNYAWERA Alfred na we uburanira EBRR avuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 25 y’Amategeko shingiro ya EBRR avuga ko uyihagararira mu mategeko ari Musenyeri ari nawe muvugizi wayo, ataboneka hakabona kujyayo umwungirije. Avuga ko icyo gihe kubera ko yari ahari, Umuvugizi Wungirije atagombaga kujya mu rukiko nta bubasha yahawe na Musenyeri. [12] Me MUTABAZI Innocent uhagarariye abazungura ba NGENDABANYIKA n’abishingizi be, avuga ko, kuba HAMENYIMANA Jean yari Umuvugizi w‘Itorero wungirije, yari afite ububasha busesuye bwo gusimbura Umuvugizi w’Itorero, yongeraho ko kuba harahamagawe EBRR ikaba ari we yohereza kuyihagararira, ni uko yumvaga yari afite ubushobozi bwo kubikora, ko rero habaye harabayemo amakosa yabazwa EBRR ubwayo. [13] Me GAKWAYA Etienne uburanira I&M Bank Ltd avuga ko HAMENYIMANA Jean wahagarariye EBRR yari afite ububasha kuko yari Umuvugizi Wungirije w‘Itorero, ibi akabishingira ku ngingo ya 16, agace ka 3, y‘Itegeko n° 06/2012 rigena imiryango ishingiye ku idini, n’Iteka rya Minisitiri n° 001/70.01 ryo ku wa 14/01/2013, yose avuga ko umuryango ushingiye ku idini uyoborwa n’Umuvugizi ndetse n’Umuvugizi Wungirije. [14] Me RUSANGANWA Jean Bosco na we uburanira I&M Bank Ltd avuga ko mu mategeko shingiro ya EBRR hatagaragara inshingano z’Umuvugizi Wungirije, ko ariko kuva ibyo agomba kuba yujuje kugira ngo ajyeho ari na byo bisabwa Umuvugizi, byumvikana ko ashobora kumusimbura igihe cyose adahari. Avuga ko kuba ihamagara ryarageze mu buyobozi bwa EBRR, igahagararirwa mu rukiko n’umuntu uri mu nzego z’ubuyobozi, yumva yarahagarariwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, ngo cyane cyane ko nta nyungu zindi yari afite zo kuza mu rukiko kuyihagararira. [15] Me ABIJURU Emmanuel uburanira « CAD » we avuga ko ku bijyanye n’ububasha bw’Umuvugizi Wungirije bwo kuba yahagararira EBRR mu rubanza, abyumva kimwe n’uburanira I&M Bank Ltd, ko ariko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 25, agace ka C, y’Amategeko shingiro ya EBRR, ubwo bubasha yabugira mu gihe Umuvugizi w’Itorero adahari, ko rero niba nta kimenyetso gihari cyerekana ko yari yamutumye cyangwa se atashoboraga kuboneka, uru rubanza rwateshwa agaciro kuko rwaba rwaraburanyemo umuntu utari ubifitiye ububasha.

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Avuga kandi ko kuba ihamagara ryarakurikije amategeko atari byo byaheshaga Umuvugizi wungirije guhagararira EBRR mu Rukiko, kuko iyo hamagara isinywaho n’umukozi ushinzwe kwakira amabaruwa akayishyikiriza umuyobozi uwo ari we wese abonye hafi. Uko Urukiko rubibona. [16] Inyandiko ziri muri dosiye zigaragaza ko Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) ryohererejwe ihamagara ku itariki ya 27/01/2012 rikakirwa na Révérand HAMENYIMANA Jean, Umuvugizi wungirije w’iryo Torero ku itariki ya 27/03/2015, akaba ari na we wagiye kurihagararira mu rubanza yari yagobokeshejwemo rwaburanishijwe ku itariki ya 14/5/2012. [17] Ingingo ya 25, agace kayo ka b), y’Amategeko shingiro y‘Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe, EBRR mu magambo ahinnye y’igifaransa, iteganya ko “Umwepisikopi akaba n’Umuvugizi niwe wenyine wemerewe kuwuhagararira no gukora ibikorwa biteganyijwe n’amategeko mu izina ryawo“. [18] Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga inama rusange y‘Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) yateranye ku itariki ya 23/04/2010 yarashyizeho Komite Nyobozi y’Itorero, Rév. Pasteur NSENGIYUMVA Emmanuel, atorerwa kuba Umuvugizi w’Itorero, naho Rév. Pasteur HAMENYIMANA Jean atorerwa kuba Umuvugizi w’Itorero wungirije. [19] Hakurikijwe ibimaze kuvugwa, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga Rév. Pasteur HAMENYIMANA Jean atarashoboraga guhagararira Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) imbere y’inkiko atabiherewe ububasha n’Umuvugizi w’Itorero, kuko Amategeko shingiro y’iryo Torero ateganya ko Umwepisikopi, akaba n’Umuvugizi w’Itorero ari we wenyine wemerewe kurihagararira imbere y’amategeko. [20] Ku bivugwa n’ababuranira abazungura ba NGENDABANYIKA ndetse n’ababuranira I&M Bank Ltd ko Umuvugizi Wungirije yari afite ububasha busesuye bwo gusimbura Umuvugizi igihe atabonetse, uretse no kuba bataragaragaje ibimenyetso ko icyo gihe Umuvugizi w’Itorero atashoboraga kurangiza inshingano ze, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga ibyo nta n‘ishingiro bifite kubera ko mu gace ka c) k’ingingo ya 25 y’Amategeko Shingiro y‘Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) yavuzwe haruguru, ivuga neza ko ibyo Umuvugizi Wungirije ashobora gusimburamo Umuvugizi w’Itorero igihe adahari, ari ugutumiza inama rusange na komite nyobozi no kuziyobora gusa. [21] Abahanga mu mategeko bemeza ko kuba ishyirahamwe ryahagararirwa n’umuntu udafite ububasha cyangwa wabiherewe uburenganzira ari inenge y’iremezo ituma ibyo yakora byose biteshwa agaciro. Aha bagatanga urugero rw’umuyobozi ushinzwe abakozi mu ishyirahamwe wajya kurihagararira nta bubasha afite (Le défaut de pouvoir ou l’absence de qualité pour agir au nom d’une société constitue une irréguralité de fond. L’action contre le directeur du personnel n’ayant aucun pouvoir pour représenter la société est antachée de nullité)1.

1 Serge Guinchard, Droit et pratique de la procédure civile, cinquième édition 2006, p. 338, chapitre 163.142 et 143.

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[22] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 98 y‘Itegeko n° 21/2012 ryo ku wa 14/06/2012 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko “inzitizi zishingiye ku nenge z’iremezo zerekeye inyandiko zo mu nkiko zigomba kwakirwa uzibyutsa atiriwe asobanura icyo zimwangiriza n’iyo kutagira agaciro bitaba biteganywa n’amategeko ku buryo budashidikanywa“, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga urubanza RCOM 0070/10/HCC rwaciwe ku itariki ya 21/06/2012, kuba rwaraburanwemo na Rév. Pasteur HAMENYIMANA Jean ahagarariye Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) yari yarugobokeshejwemo kandi atari abifitiye ububasha nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ari inenge y’iremezo ituma urwo rubanza rugomba guteshwa agaciro, ibintu bigasubira nk’uko byari bimeze mbere y’uko ikirego gitangwa. [23] Ku birebana no kumenya niba urubanza rujuririrwa rugomba guteshwa agaciro kubera ko abari bafite ububasha bwo kurukomeza NGENDABANYIKA Jean Paul amaze gupfa batahamagajwe, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rurasanga iyi ngingo atari ngombwa kuyisuzuma kubera ko urwo rubanza ruteshejwe agaciro ku mpamvu yasobanuwe haruguru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [24] Rwemeje ko inzitizi yatanzwe n‘Itorero ry’Inkuru Nziza y’Abacunguwe (EBRR) ifite ishingo; [25] Ruvuze ko urubanza RCOM 0070/10/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku itariki ya 21/06/2012 ruteshejwe agaciro; [26] Rutegetse I&M Bank gutanga amagarama y’urubanza ahwanye n’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi ijana (100.000).