UBUSHINJACYAHA v ABANDIBANA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v ABANDIBANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2014-03-28 - Case/document no.: RPA 0799/11/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. ABANDIBANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RPA 0799/11/HC/KIG (Murekatete, P.J., Mars 28, 2014] Amategeko mpanabyaga – Kunyereza umutungo wa Leta – Gutandukanya ikosa ryo mu kazi (administrative fault) rihanishwa igihano cyo mu rwego rw’akazi ndetse n’icyaha gihanishwa igihano gitegenyijwe n’amategeko mpanabyaha. – Ihame ryo guhanirwa kabiri ku cyaha kimwe –Kugabanyirizwa igihano. – Isubikagihano – Itegeko ngenga n°21/2012 ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 5, 6,76, 77 78 na 85 Itegeko n°15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3 .Itegeko teka n°21/77 ryo kuwa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 83, 85, 220 Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwajuriye yahamijwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Gasabo icyaha cyo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta. Ubwo yari Assistant du Procureur yakiriye amafaranga y’abantu babiri bari baje kugura dosiye y’impanuka nuko abizeza ko azabazanira quittance nyuma yo yo kuyishyura kuri Rwanda Revenue Athority. Ntiyayatanze ahubwo ayitwarira mu nyungu ze bimenyekana nyuma ari uko abayamuhaye bandikiye Procureur basaba ghabwa quittance. Yaburanye yemera icyaha nuko Urukiko rumuhanisha imyaka ibiri y’igifungo. Yajuririye mu Rukiko Rukuru avuga ko Urukiko rwasuzuma inyito y’icyaha yahaniwe rukamuhanira ubuhemu cyangwa guhombya Leta aho kunyereza umutungo wa Leta.

Avuga kandi ko mu rwego rw’akazi hemejwe ko yakoze ikosa administrative akarihanirwa bityo akaba atarihanirwa kabiri kandi binyuranyije n’amategeko. Avuga kandi ko yaburanye yemera icyaha ku rwego rwa mbere ntagabanyirizwe ndetse ntanasubikirwe igihano kandi yarabisabye. Uwajuriye n’uwamwunganiraga kandi bavuze ko hakurikizwa Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda (ingingo ya 16), igitabo cy’amategeko ahana (ingingo ya 5, 6,265, 302) n’itegeko rirengera umwana (ingingo ya 56 igika cya 1) n’inyandiko z’abahanga. . Incamake y’icyemezo: Itegeko rigaragaza abntu bashobora kunyereza umutungo wa Leta. Muri bo harimo uwarigishije cyangwa wibye amafaranga y'Igihugu cyangwa y'abandi kuby'umurimo ashinzwe cyangwa yakiriye kubw'ubwizere bushingiye ku murimo akora.Uwajuriye yemeye ko yakiriye amafaranga yahawe n’umuntu ashaka kugura dosiye y’impanuka nyamara ntiyayatanga kuri RRA ndetse abigira atyo ku wundi muntu nk’uko yabyiyemereye. Bigaragara rero ko yabikoze bitewe n’akazi yakoraga kuko yemeye ko azayabishyurira kuri RRA akazabazaniraquittance nyamara ntazibahe akaba kandi adahakana ko yayakoresheje inyungu ze bwite mu gihe yari azi neza ko yagombaga kwinjira miu isanduku ya Leta bityo ibigize icyaha ashinjwa bikaba byuzuye. Kuvuga kandi ko nta audit yakozwe, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ikorwa kugirango hakusanywe ibimenyetso no kugaragaza ingano y’ibyanyerejwe. Ibi rero

ntaho bihuriye n’ibigize icyaha. By’umwihariko uwajuriye akaba yari yemereye imbere y’Urukiko umubare w’amafaranga yanyereje. Kuvuga ko umuntu yaba ahanwe kabiri ku cyaha kimwe igihe yahanwe mu rwego rw’akazi akanakurikiranwa n’urwego nshinjabyaha, nta shingiro byahabwa kuko ibaruwa yandikiwe na Perezida w’Inama Nkuru y’Ubushinjacyaha amumenyeshwa igihano yafatiwe kirebana n’imyifatire ye mu kazi itari urubanza. Kuba ahubwo uwajuriye yivugira mu rwego rw’akazi

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yahaniwe faute administrative akaba kandi ataranabashije kugaragaza icyo aheraho avuga ko uwahanwe muri ubwo buryo aba atagikurikiranwe ukundi n’urwego nshinjabyaha. Bityo rero iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire ntashingiro ifite Kuba uwajuriye avuga ko imp-amvu nyoroshyacyaha yatanze zititaweho ngo agabanyirizwe igihano,ntabwo ari byo kuko kuko icyaha yakoze gihanishwa kuva ku myaka 5-20 y’igifungo n’ihazabu y’amafaranga atare nga ibihumbi mirongoitanu nyamara mu rubanza rujuririrwa igika cya 7 havugwamo ko ukwemera icyaha kwe kugize impamvu nyoroshyacyaha rugushingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 83 agace ka 3 y’iryo tegeko teka rishyiraho gitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryavuzwe haruguru, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri.Byongeye Kandi kuba uwajuriye akomeza kwemera ibikorwa yakoze nubwo yibwiraga ko atari ukunyereza umutungo wa Leta ni impamvu ituma yakongera kugabanyirizwa igihano. Ikindi kandi ni uko icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje. Bityo rero hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 83 ryashyiragaho ryakoreshwaga igihe icyaha cyakorwaga kuko yavugaga ko gishoboa kuganywa kugeza ku mwaka umwe ikaba ariyo igomba gukurikizwa kuko ariyo iteganya igihano cyoroheje ugereranyije n’ingingo ya 78 y’itegeko ririho ubu. Kuba kandi uwajuriye nta kindi gihano yigeze akatirwa mbere bivugwa mu ngingo ya 85 itegeko ngenga n°01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 shyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko

ahana iteganya ndetse n’aho subirijwe mu kazi akaba yitwara neza ibyo kandi bikaba bitaravugurujwe n’ubushinjacyaha byumvikanisha ko isubukwagihano yarihabwa. Ubujurire bufite ishingiro. Urubanza rwjuririwe ruhindutse gusa ku bihano. Uwajuriye agabanyirijwe igihano kugeza ku mwaka umwe. Igihano kirasubitswe mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri. Uwajuriye agomba kwishyura amafaranga 22800. Amatgeko yashingiweho: Itegeko ngenga n°21/2012 ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 5, 6,76, 77 78 na 85. Itegeko n°15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3. Itegeko teka n°21/77 ryo kuwa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 83, 85 na 220. Urubanza IMITERERE Y'URUBANZA [1] Mu rwego rwa mbere Ubushinjacyaha bwareze Abandibana Thérèsie icyaha cyo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta buvuga ko yagikoze ubwo yari assistante du procureur akaba

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yarakiriye amafaranga y’abantu 2 baje kugura amadosiye y’impanuka abizeza ko ayabishyurira muri Rwanda Revenu Authority abazanire quittance, ko ariko yahise ayitwarira mu nyungu ze kuko byamenyekanye nyuma y’amezi ane umwe muri abo bantu yandikiye Procureur asaba guhabwa quittance. Mu rwego rwa mbere, Abandibana yaburanye yemera icyaha. Mu gukiza urubanza urwo rukiko rwemeje ko icyo cyaha kimuhama, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri,ategekwa gusubiza 18.600 mu isanduku ya Leta kuva urubanza rubaye itegeko. [2] Muri uru rukiko, Abandibana Theresie yunganiwe na Me Twajamahoro Herman yajuriye avugako urukiko rw’ubujurire rwasuzuma inyito y’icyaha yahaniwe rukemeza ko yagombaga guhanirwa icyaha cy’ubuhemu cyangwa icyo guhombya Leta aho kuba icyo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta, akavuga ko mu rwego trw’akai hemejwe ko ikosa yakoze ari faute administrative akanarihanirwa ko yaba ahanwe kabiri ku cyaha kimwe kandi binyuranyije n’amategeko, ko yahawe igihano cyo gufungwa kandi kiremereye kandi yaraburanye yemera ikosa yakoze mu buryo budashidikanywaho akanagaragaza impamvu atahabwa igihano cy’igifungo agasaba kandi ko mu bujurire yakwemererwa isubikagihano kuko yarisabye mbere ntarihabwe. Bavuga ko hakurikizwa Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda (ingingo ya 16), igitabo cy’amategeko ahana (ingingo ya 5, 6, 265, 302) n’itegeko rirengera umwana (ingingo ya 56 igika cya 1)

n’inyandiko z’abahanga. [3] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu z’ubujurire zitangwa na Abandibana Theresienta shingiro zifite kuko yaburanye ku rwego rwa mbere yemera icyaha cyo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta, ko atigeze agira ikibazo ku nyito yacyo ngo bigibweho impaka ko kandi ibigize icyo cyaha byuzuye kuko ayo mafaranga yayahawe ku kizere yarafitiwe bitewe n’akazi ka Leta akora. Ikindi ngo ni uko uwajuriye kimwe n’abamwunganira bagomba gutandukanywa ibihano byo mu rwego rw’akazi n’ibihano ku byaha biteganywa bikanahanishwa n’amategeko ahana, ko rero impamvu zose atanga z’uko Atari guhanwa nta shingiro zifite. Ku birebana n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha avuga ko mu gihe ubu aburana ku nyito y’icyaha bigaragaza ko ukwemerea kwe kutaba kugifite agaciro. Asaba ko ibihano yahawe byagumishwaho ko ariko urukiko arirwo rwashishoza rukamenya nibayagabanyirizwa akanasubikiwa igihano. [4] Ibibazo bisuzumwa ni ukumenya ishingiro ry’impamvu z’ubujurire:  Inyito y’icyaha yahaniwe,  Ku birebana n’ibihano n’ihame ryo guhanirwa kabiri icyaha kimwe  Igabanyirizwagihano  Isubikagihano. II ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BY’URUBANZA A. Ku byerekeranye n’inyito y’icyaha [5] Abandibana Theresie afatanyije na Me Francois. bavuga ko batemeranywa n’inyito y’icyaha yahaniwe ku rwego rwa mbere ngo kuko ibikorwa cyangwa imigirire ye itagize icyaha cyo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta. Basobanura ko Abandibana atakoraga mu mafaranga mu kazi ke ka buri munsi kandi ko kuba yarahawe amafaraga ntayageze aho yagombaga gushyirwa byaba icyaha cy’ubuhemu kuko abayamuhaye yabijeje kubazanira quittances ntazibahe bitaba ibyo

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kikaba icyaha cyo guhombya Leta. Ko ibyo abishingira ku nyandiko z’umuhanga Frederic Africa mu gatabo ke “Isesengura ry’icyaha cy’ubuhemu, ubwambuzi bushukana, kurigisa bikozwe n’umukozi wa Leta n’icyo gutangira ubusa ibya Leta”, ku rupapuro rwa 23 ahavugwa ko kunyereza biba iby’umutungo wa Leta. Akavuga rero ko uru rukiko rwabisuzuma akarenganurwa ngo dore ko hakurikijwe ingingo ya 16 y’itegeko nshiinga icyha cy’ubuhemu cyaburanishwa mu bunzi. [6] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko ibyerekeye inyito y’icyaha nta shingiro byahabwa muri uru rukiko kuko ku rwego rwa mbere bitigeze biburanwa ahubwo Abandibana akaba yaraburanye yemera icyaha yeregwaga cyo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta. Ko nta n’aho yahera avuga ko ibikigize bituzuye kuko amafaranga yayahawe ku bw’icyizere gishingiye ku murimo akora, byongeye ayo mafaranga akaba yaragombaga kwinjira muri leta ntayashyiremo ahubwo akayakira mu ntoki ze akayitwarira. Ko inyandiko z’abahanga agaragaza ntacyo zamumarira kuko zidasimbura itegeko mu gihe risobanutse. [7] Urukiko rurasanga ku birebana n’icyaha cyo kurigisa umutungo wa Leta ingingo ya 220 y’itegeko teka n°21/77 ryo kuwa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana (ryakoreshwaga mu gihe cy’ikorwa ry’icyaha no mu gihe cy’iburanisha ry’urubanza rujuririrwa) iteganya abantu bashobora gukurikiranwaho icyo cyaha, mu gace kayo ka mbere igira iti uzaba yarigishije cyangwa yibye

amafaranga y'Igihugu cyangwa y'abandi, impapuro zili mu kigwi cy'amafanga, ibimenyetso byanditswe, ibyemezo by'imari, inyandiko, ibintu byimukanwa yabikijwe kuby'umurimo ashinzwe cyangwa yakiriye kubw'ubwizere bushingiye ku murimo akora. Nk’uko Abandibana Théresie yiyemereye icyaha ku rwego rwa mbere akanasobanura uko yagikoze (reba igika cya 3 cy’urubanza rujuririrwa) aho yavuze ko umuntu yaje kugura dosiye y’impanuka akamubarira amafaranga, kuko bwari bwije akayamusigira ngo azamuzanire quittance kuri RRA ko bwakeye ntayajyaneyo kumwishyurira ndetse ngo akabikora no ku wundi muntu; akaba yaraburanye avuga ko yemera ko yagize imikorere mibi. [8] Hakurikijwe uko icyaha cyakozwe ibikorwa Abandibana yakoze byo kwakira amafaranga y’abandi bitewe n’akazi yakoraga kuko yemeye ko azayabishyurira kuri RRA akazabazanira quittance nyamara ntazibahe akaba kandi adahakana ko yayakoresheje inyungu ze bwite. Ibi bigaragaza ko ibigize icyaha byuzuye akaba ntaho yahera avuga ko atari guhanirwa icyo cyaha kuko n’ubwo yavugaga ko nta intention méchante yagize ntacyo abiheraho mu gihe atakoze ibyo yagombaga gukora ahubwo amafaranga akayitwarira mu nyungu ze azi neza ko agomba kwinjizwa mu isanduku ya Leta. Ibyerekeye audit avuga ko kuba itarakozwe ntacyaherwaho hemezwa ko yanyereje ibya Leta nabyo nta shingiro byahabwa kuko audit ikorwa hagamijwe gukusanya ibimenyetso no kugaragaza ingano

y’ibyanyerejwe ntaho ihuriye n’ibyingenzi bigize icyaha(éléments de l’infraction). By’umwihariko muri uru rubanza ikaba itari no kuba ikenewe mu gihe Abandibana nawe ubwe yiyemerera umubare w’amafaranga yatwaye akayajyana mu nyungu ze.Ibyo ni nako byasobanuwe n’umunyamategeko AFRICA Frédéric, mu gitabo cye, cyavuzwe muri uru rubanza mu gika cya 5 aho yasesenguraga ingingo ya 220 iteganya icyaha cyo kurigisa umutungo wa Leta n’ibihano byacyo; yagize ati “...Naho ku bw’icyizere gishingiye ku murimo we, bivuga ko yabashije kugera kuri ibyo bintu kubera umwanya afite, umuhesha icyizere mu bantu”. Ndetse uwo mwanditsi agakomeza avuga ko icyaha cyo kurigisa gikorwa mu kazi (infraction de service) kandi ugikoze akaba ari umukozi w’igihugu, uwashinzwe nacyo kwakira no gutanga ibyemezo, umuntu wese ushinzwe umurimo rusange w’igihugu. Aha rero ni

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naho abamusigiye ayo mafaranga bahereye bamugirira icyizere kuko nawe ubwe yabijeje ko bazagaruka akabaha quittance yamaze kubishyurira muri RRA. [9] Ukuba rero ubu avuga ko yari gukurikiranwaho icyaha cy’ubuhemu cyangwa icyo guhombya Leta ngo bishingiye ku ngingo ya 16 y’itegeko nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ivuga ko abantu bose bangana imbere y’amategeko, ko itegeko ribarengera ku buryo bumwe nta vangura iryo ariryo ryose; uretse no kuba atagaragaza aho iyo ngingo ihuriye n’icyaha yahaniwe ntanagaragaza icyo aheraho avuga ko iyo ngingo itubahirijwe ngo abe yarabujijwe uburenganzira buyivugwamo, by’umwihariko ariko akaba atari nayo nenge agaragaza ikwiye gukosorwa. Bityo rero iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. B. Ku byerekeranye n’ibihano n’ihame ryo guhanirwa kabiri icyaha kimwe [10] Abandibana Thérèsie n’abamwunganira bavuga ko urukiko rwamuhaniye icyaha cyo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta ngo kandi yari yanahanwe mu rwego rw’akazi ubwo yisobanuraga mu nama nkuru y’ubushinjacyaha bagasanga ibyo yakose ari faute administrative ; ko rero atakongera guhanirwa iryo kosa kuko byaba ari uguhanwa kabiri kandi bitemewe mu mategeko. Avuga kandi ko inama nkuru y’ubushinjacyaha yamugiriye imbabazi ikavuga ko nta kindi cyaha azakurikiranwaho. Bavuga ko ibyo bishingiye ku ngingo ya 5 na 6 y’itegeko ngenga n°21/2012 ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko

ahana [11] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko uwajuriye n’abamwunganira bitiranya faute adiministrative na faute pénale ko batagaragaza amategeko ateganya ko kimwe kibuza ikindi gukurikiranwa akaba atanagaragaza imyanzuro y’inama nkuru y’ubushinjacyaha avuga ko yemeje ko atagomba gukurikirwa mu rwego nshinjabyaha. Ko ahubwo ariyo yategetse ko akurikiranwa. Ko ibyerekeye ingingo z’amategeko avuga ntaho zihuriye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza. [12] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 3 y’itegeko n°15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/06/2004 ryerekeyeibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri Urupapuro rwa 4 kw’ibyo aburana. Ibyo kuba Abandibana yaba agiye guhanwa kabiri ku cyaha kimwe nta shingiro byahabwa kuko atagaragaza urundi rubanza rwamuhannye kuri iki cyaha kuko ibaruwa N°I/06/D11/A/ONPJCS yo kuwa 24/06/2009 yandikiwe na Perezida w’Inama Nkuru y’Ubushinjacyaha amumenyeshwa igihano yafatiwe kirebana n’imyifatire ye mu kazi itari urubanza. Byumvikanisha rero ko kuba yarahanwe mu rwego rw’akazi binyuranye n’ingingo z’amategeko avuga kuko atabasha kugaragaza amategeko abiri ahana icyaha kimwe avugwa mu ngingo ya 5 y’itegeko ngenga n°01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rimaze kuvugwa ngo agaragaze itegeko ryihariye rihana icyaha cyo kunyereza umutungo wa Leta ryakurikijwe; akaba ahubwo ibyo yivugira ubwe bimutsindisha kuko yasobanuye ko mu rwego rw’akazi

yahaniwe faute administrative akaba kandi ataranabashije kugaragaza icyo aheraho avuga ko uwahanwe muri ubwo buryo aba atagikurikiranwe ukundi n’urwegonshinjabyaha. Bityo rero iyo mpamvu y’ubujurire nta shingiro ifite. Ku byerekeranye n’impamvu nyoroshyacyaha [13] Abandibana Thérèsie n’abamwunganira bavuga ko kuva mu rwego rwa mbere yemeye amakosa mu buryo budashiodikanywaho akanasobanura uko byagenze, ko yari kugabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe kuri iyo mpamvu nyoroshyacyaha n’izindi yasobanuye agaragaza ko afite

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abana bato harimo n’ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe. Bavuga ko umucamanza yirengagije ingingo ya 56 y’itegeko n°54/11 ry’uburenganzira bw’umwana. Asaba rero ko yahanishwa ihazabu cyagwa akagabanyirizwa igihano kiri munsi y’amezi atanu. [14] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko impamvu zo kugabanyirizwa igihano zitangwa n’Uwajuriye zitari umwihariko ko ahubwo ari rusange akaba atazitwaza, kandi ko itegeko rirengera abana avuga ridasimbura itegeko rihana. Ko kuba mbere yaremeraga icyaha ubu akaba yumva inyito yahinduka byumvikanisha ko ukwemera icyaha kwe kutagifite agaciro kukkaba kutashingirwaho agabanyirizwa. Avuga ko urukiko rwabisuzuma mu bushishozi bwarwo. [15] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 220 y’itegeko teka n°21/77 ryo kuwa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ry’icyo gihe ryarateganyaga ko igihano ku cyaha cyo kurigiza umutungo wa Leta kiva ku gifungo cy’imyaka 5 kikagera ku myaka 20 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga atarenga ibihumbi mirongo itanu. N’ubwo avuga ko mu rwego rwabanje impamvu nyoroshyacyaha zititaweho, uru rukiko rusanga ataribyo kuko mu rubanza rujuririrwa mu gika cya 7, urwo rukiko rwemeje ko ukwemera icyaha kwe kugize impamvu nyoroshyacyaha rugushingiraho rumugabanyiriza igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 83 agace ka 3 y’iryo tegeko teka rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryavuzwe haruguru, rumuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri. [16] Uru rukiko rushingiye ku

ngingo ya 76 y’itegeko ngenga n°01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana iteganya ko umucamanza ubwe aha agaciro impamvu nyoroshyacyaha, ari izakibanjirije , ari izagiherekeje cyangwa izagikurikiye. Ukuba Abandibana mu rwego rwa mbere yaremeye icyaha mu ntangiriro z’iburanisha n’ubu akaba akomeza kugaragariza uru rukiko ko yemera ibikorwa yakoze n’ubwo mu bujurire bwe yibwiraga ko bitagize icyaha cyo kurigisa umutungo wa Leta ahubwo bigize icyaha cy’ubuhemu, Uko kutabihakana bikomeza kumubera impamvu nyoroshyacyaha yashingirwaho akongera kugabanyirizwa igihano mu buryo buteganywa n’itegeko nk’uko ingingo ya 77 y’itegeko ngenga rimaze kuvugwa biteganya. Ukuba kandi icyaha yakoze nta ngaruka zikomeye cyateje nk’uko na none iyo ngingo ibiteganya mu gace kayo ka 4° byumvikanisha ko ntacyabuza ko hakurikizwa ingingo ya 83 y’itegeko teka ryashyiragaho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryavuzwe haruguru kuko ariryo ryoroheje ugereranyije n’ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 78 y’itegeko rihana ririho ubu, ikaba yaravugaga ko igihano gishobora kumanurwa kugera ku gifungo cy’umwaka umwe, uru rukiko rukaba rusanga aricyo yahabwa. Naho ibyo Abandibana yasabye ko yahanishwa ihazabu yonyine cyangwa igifungo cy’amezi atanu bikaba nta shingiro byahabwa kuko byaba bitubahirije amategeko. Ku byerekeranye n’isubikagihano [17] Abandibana kandi yasabye gusubikirwa ibihano avuga ko yabisabye ku rwego rwa mbere urukiko rukabimwangira. Ko impamvu ashingiraho ari uko afite umwana w’uruhinja w’amezi umunani n’abandi bana bato arera. Akanavuga ko yashubijwe mu kazi kandi ko afite imyitwarire myiza akaba anahabwa cote nziza. [18] Uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha avuga ko urukiko rwasuzuma niba isubikagihano asaba yaryemererwa.

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[19] Urukiko rurasanga ingingo ya 85 y’itegeko ngenga n°01/2012/OL ryo kuwa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho igitabo cy’amategeko ahana iteganya ko isubikagihano ari icyemezo cy’umucamanza gihagarika irangizarubanza ku gihano cy’igifungo kitarengeje imyaka itanu (5) iyo uwagikatiwe atigeze ahanishwa mbere mu rubanza rwabaye ndakuka igihano cy’igifungo cyangwa igihano nsimburagifungo cy’imirimo ifitiye igihugu akamaro kirenze amezi atandatu (6). Hakurikijwe iyo ngingo ukuba nta bindi bihano Abandibana yari yarakatiwe mbere hose bivugwa n’iyo ngingo akaba kandi agaragaza ko aho ashubirijwe mu kazi yitwara neza ibyo bikaba bitaravugurujwe n’ubushinjacyaha; byumvikanisha ko isubikagihano yarihabwa. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Abandibana Thérèsie bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe. [21] Rwemeje ko urubanza RP 0216/10/TGI/GIC rudahindutse keretse gusa ku birebana n’ibihano. [22] Rwemeje ko Abandibana Thérèsie agabanyirijwe igihano kikavanwa ku gifungo cy’imyaka yakatiwe ku rwego rwa mbere kigashyirwa ku gifungo cy’umwaka umwe. [23] Rutegetse ko igifungo cy’umwaka umwe akatiwe gisubitswe mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri. [24] Rutegetse Abandibana Thérèsie gutanga amafaranga ibihumbi makumyabiri na bibiri na magana inani (22.800 frw) y’ amagarama y’urubanza. .Statutes and statutory instruments referred to: [Name of the Act], [Cap. ##, ss.##] Cases referred to: [Appellant v. Respondent], [[YYYY] RLR ##]. Authors Cited Doctrines item Judgment [25] Actual text of the decision.

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[26] Other paragraph. [27] Example of quote: “ In this paragraph, we are introducing the first level of quote:” “ Something else. In this paragraph, we are introducing another level of quote:” “ Something else. In this paragraph, we are introducing another level of quote:” “ Something else. In this paragraph, we are introducing another level of quote:” “ Something else. This is the last level of quote.” [28] Example of bullet lists: – First level bullet: • Second level bullet: - Third level bullet: o Fourth level bullet: + Fifth level bullet. [29] Example of numbered list: 1. First level numbering: a. Second level numbering: i. Third level numbering: A. Fourth level numbering: I. Fifth level numbeing. Unknown type of title [30] If the style of a paragraph is not clear. In case an unknown type of paragraph is indented.