FURAHA v MUVUNYI N’ABANDI

# FURAHA v MUVUNYI N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2024-12-16 - Case/document no.: RCOMAA 00079/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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FURAHA v MUVUNYI N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE - RCOMAA 00079/2024/CA (Nyirandabaruta, P.J.) 16 Ukuboza 2024] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza - Ibirego byihutirwa – Cyamunara – Kujurira icyemezo cy’urukiko – Ibarwa ry’ibihe – Igihe cyo kujurira kigomba gutangira kubarwa ku munsi icyemezo cy’urubanza rujuririrwa cyasomeweho, hakabarwa igihe cy’iminsi itatu (3) ikuwemo iminsi y’impera z’icyumweru (week-end). Incamake y’ikibazo: ETS Furaha Ltd yahawe inguzanyo na BPR Bank Plc hanyuma iyitangira ingwate ibaruye kuri kuri UPI:1/03/09/02/489 ya Furaha Eugene na Uwamahoro Honorine. ETS Furaha Ltd ntiyishyuye inguzanyo nkuko byari mu masezerano biba ngombwa ko iyo ngwate itezwa cyamunara n’umuhesha w’inkiko witwa Muvunyi igurwa na Uwimana. Furaha yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko rw’Ubucuruzi asaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara avuga ko umutungo we wegukanwe na Uwimana kandi atarigeze apiganwa, ko yarengeje igihe giteganywa n’itegeko cyo kwishyura, ko ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yanze guhuza Furaha na “système” kugira ngo akurikirane uburyo cyamunara ikorwa ndetse ko cyamunara itagombaga gukorwa mu gihe Ets Furaha Ltd yari iri mu izahura ry’ubucuruzi. Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rwasanze cyamunara yarakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko rwemeza ko igumyeho. Urega ntiyanyuzwe n’icyo cyemezo akijurira mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko impamvu yatanze asaba gutesha agaciro cyamanara zitahawe agaciro. Urwo rukiko narwo rwasanze ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku cyemezo kijuririrwa. Furaha kandi ntiyanyuzwe ajurira icyo cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire avuga ko inkiko zabanje zirengagije ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko hapiganye umuntu umwe ndetse no kwishyura bikorwa impitagihe ariko abaregwa bo bakavuga ko ubujurire budakwiye kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe nyuma y’igihe giteganywa n’itegeko. Urukiko rwasuzumye ikibazo cyo kumenya niba ubujurire bwaratanzwe ku gihe kandi bukaba bugomba kwakirwa. Muvunyi avuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri budakwiriye kwakira kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe igihe cyagenwe kingana n’iminsi itatu cyaramaze kurenga dore ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwasomwe ku wa 05/11/2024, Furaha ajurira ku wa 11/11/2024. Furaha asobanura ko ibihe byo kujurira yabyubahirje kuko umunsi wo ku wa 05/11/2024 urubanza rujuririrwa rwasomeweho utabarwa kandi ko kopi y’urubanza yashyizwe muri systeme ku wa 07/11/2024 bityo ko atari bubashe kujurira adafite kopi. Incamake y’icyemezo: Igihe cyo kujurira kigombaga gutangira kubarwa ku munsi icyemezo cy’urubanza rujuririrwa cyasomeweho, hakabarwa igihe cy’iminsi itatu (3) ikuwemo iminsi y’impera z’icyumweru (week-end). Ubujurire ntibwakiriwe.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, ingingo ya 188, 275, 276. Imanza zifashishijwe: RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA, SOTRAPROMETAL Ltd na Banque Populaire du Rwanda Ltd, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25 Kanama 2020; RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2021/SC, Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Dusabimana rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 21 Mutarama 2022. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] ETS Furaha Ltd yahawe inguzanyo na BPR Bank Plc, iyitangira ingwate igizwe n‘umutungo w’ubutaka bubaruye kuri UPI:1/03/09/02/489 wa Furaha Eugène na Uwamahoro Honorine iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Munini, Akagari ka Niboye, Umurenge wa Niboye mu Karere ka Kicukiro, Umujyi wa Kigali. ETS Furaha ntiyishyuye inguzanyo yahawe, bituma BPR Bank Plc isaba Umwanditsi Mukuru uruhushya rwo kugurisha ingwate yahawe mu cyamunara, atanga icyemezo No ORG.024-103535 cyemera ko igurishwa, anashyiraho Muvunyi Serge nk’ushinzwe kugurisha (Receiver) iyo ngwate. [2] Cyamunara yarakozwe ku wa 29/06/2024, umutungo wavuzwe haruguru ugurwa na Uwimana Olivier Derrik, ku wa 17/07/2024 Furaha Eugène aregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi mu kirego No RCOM 01011/2024/TC, arusaba gutesha agaciro iyo cyamunara kuko Muvunyi Serge yemeje ko Uwimana Olivier Derrick ari we watsinze mu cyamunara nyamara atarigeze apiganwa, ko yarengeje igihe giteganywa n’itegeko cyo kwishyura, ko ushinzwe kugurisha ingwate yanze guhuza Furaha Eugène na “système” kugira ngo akurikirane uburyo cyamunara ikorwa, kandi cyamunara itagombaga gukorwa mu gihe Ets Furaha Ltd yari iri mu izahura ry’ubucuruzi. [3] BPR Rwanda Plc na Muvunyi Serge na Uwimana Olivier Derrick bamaze kwiregura, Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza ku wa 24/09/2024, rwemeza ko cyamunara yo ku wa 29/06/2024 yakorewe ku mutungo ufite UPI 1/03/09/02/489 igumyeho; rutegeka Furaha Eugène gusubiza Uwimana Olivier Derrick, Muvunyi Serge na BPR Bank Plc amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) kuri buri wese y’umwavoka wamuburaniye n’amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo itanu (50,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri wese; runamutegeka guha Uwimana Olivier Derrick indishyi z’akababaro zingana n’amafaranga ibihumbi magana atatu (300,000Frw). [4] Furaha Eugène yajuririye icyo cyemezo, asaba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kongera gusuzuma impamvu yatanze asaba gusesa cyamunara zikaba zitarahawe agaciro. Ubujurire bwe bwahawe No RCOMA 00587/2024/HCC, BPR Rwanda Plc na Muvunyi Serge na Uwimana Olivier Derrick biregura bavuga ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, basaba guhabwa indishyi z’ibyakoreshejwe muri uru rubanza.

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[5] Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza ku wa 05/11/2024, rushingiye ku ngingo ya 12 na 150 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza mbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo, n’iz’ubutegtesi, rwasanze nta kimenyetso na kimwe Furaha Eugène yatanze kivuguruza ibyemejwe mu rubanza rwa mbere, bityo ko rudakwiye kwemeza ko habayeho uburiganya ku buryo cyamunara yaregewe yateshwa agaciro. Rwasanze ibiteganywa n’amategeko byose byarubahirijwe muri cyamunara, rusanga uwapiganye ari umwe, ariwe Uwimana Derrick, anishyura amafaranga yose ku wa 03/07/2024, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwa Furaha Eugène nta shingiro bufite; ko imikirize y’urubanza No RCOM 01011/2024/TC rwaciwe ku wa 24/09/2024 n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, idahindutse; rutegeka Furaha Eugène guha BPR Bank Plc, Muvunyi Serge na Uwimana Derrick buri wese amafaranga ibihumbi Magana atanu (500.000 frw) y’igihembo cy’ avoka n’ibihumbi ijana(100.000 frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza. [6] Furaha Eugene yajuririye urubanza rumaze kuvugwa, ikirego cye mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire gihabwa No RCOMAA 00079/2024/CA, urubanza ruburanishwa mu ruhame ku wa 10/12/2024, Furaha Eugène ahagarariwe na Me Ndayisabye Alexis na Me Bayingana Janvier, BPR Bank Plc ihagarariwe na Me Mugemanyi Védaste, Muvunyi Serge yunganiwe Me Mfashingabo Aimable naho Uwimana Olivier Derrick ahagarariwe na Me Sebukonoke Innocent. [7] Mu myanzuro y’ubujurire bwe, Furaha Eugène anenga Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi kuba rwarirengagije ibimenyetso by’uko hatapiganye umuntu umwe, kandi kwishyura bikaba byarakozwe impitagihe. Asaba Urukiko rw`ubujurire kongera gusuzuma uburyo cyamunara yakozwemo, igaseswa; rukanategeka abaregwa kwishyura indishyi n`igihembo cya avoka. [8] Mu iburanisha Muvunyi Serge n’Avoka umwunganira batanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Furaha Eugène kuko yarengeje igihe cyo kujurira, yiregura avuga ko atarengeje igihe kuko umunsi icyemezo kijuririrwa cyasomwe utabarwa. [9] Uwimana Olivier Derrick, BPR Rwanda Plc na Muvunyi Serge batanze indi nzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Furaha Eugène kuko yatsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe. Bakomeza kwiregura bavuga ko ntacyo Furaha Eugène anenga icyemezo cy’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, ko impamvu atanga z’ubujurire ari nazo yatanze mu nkiko zombi zabanje kandi ko atagaragaza ibimenyetso bivuguruza ibyashingiweho atsindwa muri izo nkiko, bityo ko ikirego cye cyakiriwe kitahabwa ishingiro. Basoza batanga Ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi, basaba indishyi z’akababaro. izo gushorwa mu manza amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. [10] Hakurikijwe impaka ziri mu rubanza hagomba gusuzumwa ibibazo bikurikira: 1. Niba Furaha Eugène yararengeje ibihe byo kujurira. 2. Niba Furaha Eugène yaratsinzwe mu nkiko zabanje hashingiwe ku mpamvu zimwe; 3. Niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarirengagije ko hatapiganye umuntu umwe (Uwimana Olivier Deric) muri cyamunara iregerwa 4. Niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwarirengagije ko

ingwate yatejwe cyamunara yishyuwe impitagihe; 5. Indishyi z’akababaro. izo gushorwa mu manza amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cy’Avoka.

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II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA 1. Kumenya niba Furaha Eugène yararengeje ibihe byo kujurira [11] Muvunyi Serge n’Avoka umwunganira bavuga ko ubujurire bwa kabiri bwa Furaha Eugène budakwiriye kutakira kuko yarengeje igihe cyo kujurira. Basobanura ko urubanza rujuririrwa rwasomwe kuwa 05/11/2024, Furaha Eugène ajurira ku wa 11/11/2024, ko hakurikijwe ingingo ya 260, igika cya 5, y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryererekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’imurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ivuga ko imanza za cyamunara ziburanishwa nk'ibirego byihutirwa n’ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2, y’iryo Tegeko, iteganya ko ubujurire bw'ibirego byihutirwa ari iminsi itatu (3), ndetse n’umurongo watanzwe mu rubanza No RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA rwaciwe n’uru Rukiko kuwa 25 Kanama 2020, Furaha Eugène yarenge ibihe byo kujurira. [12] Furaha Eugène na ba Avoka bamwunganira bavuga ko iyo nzitizi nta shingiro ifite kubera ko umunsi wo ku wa 05/11/2024 urubanza rujuririrwa rwaciriweho utabarwa nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 275 na 276 z’Itegeko No 22/2028 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, zivuga uko ibihe bibarwa mu minsi. Bakomeza bavuga ko Kopi y’urubanza rujuririrwa yashyizwe muri IECMS ku wa 07/11/2024, ko haherewe kuri iyo tariki, igihe cy’iminsi itatu (3) yo kujurira cyubahirijwe kubera ko Furaha Eugène atari kujurira adafite iyo kopi kuko imikirize y'urubanza itaba mu nyandikomvugo y’isomwa ry’urubanza (PV de prononcé). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [13] Impaka kuri iyi nzitizi zishingiye ku bibazo bikurikira: a) kumenya niba igihe cyo kujurira urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubcuruzi gikwiye kubarwa mu buryo buteganywa n’ingingo ya 275 na 276 z’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, aho gushingira ku ngingo yaryo ya 188, igika cya 2; b) Niba igihe cyo kujuririra urubanza No RCOMA 00587/2024/HCC rwaciwe kuwa 05/11/2024, gikwiye kubarwa haherewe igihe rwasomewe cyangwa igihe kopi yarwo yashyiriwe muri IECMS. a) Ibijyanye n’ingingo y’Itegeko ikwiye gushingirwaho habarwa igihe cyo kujurira [14] Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba mu manza z’ibirego byihutirwa bishingiye kuri cyamunara, igihe cyo kujurira gikwiye kubarwa nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 275 na 276 z’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu, cyangwa hashingiwe ku ngingo yaryo ya 188, igika cya 2, cyatanzweho umurongo mu rubanza No RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ku wa 25 Kanama 2020 haburana SOTRAPROMETAL Ltd na Banque Populaire du Rwanda Ltd. Muri urwo rubanwa, uwari uhagarariye Banque Populaire du Rwanda yatanze inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire bwa Byiringiro Emmanuel Clement ku mpamvu y’uko yajuriye akererewe, atubahirije ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2 n’iya 260, igika cya 5 zavuzwe haruguru, maze uru Rukiko rwemeza (igika cya 19), ko “Ibiteganywa mu ngingo ya 188 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe

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haruguru1, ari irengayobora ku bivugwa mu ngingo ya 275 y’iryo Tegeko2 kuko iteganya ubundi buryo bwo kubara ibihe byo kujurira ku birebana n’ibirego byihutirwa, ariyo mpamvu by’umwihariko ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 188 bigomba gukurikizwa muri uru rubanza.” [15] Rurasanga rero, ikibazo cy’ingingo z’amategeko zigomba gushingirwaho habarwa ibihe byo kujurira Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwaramaze kugikemura, bityo ingingo igomba gukurikizwa muri uru rubanza hasuzumwa niba ibihe byo kujurira byarubahirijwe ikaba ari iya 188 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 nta zindi impaka. b) Ibijyanye no kumenya niba igihe cyo kujurira gikwiye kubarwa ku munsi urubanza rwaciriwe cyangwa uwo kopi y’urubanza yashyiriwe muri IECMS [16] Icyo kibazo nacyo cyakemutse muri rubanza No RCOMAA 00031/2020/CA rwavuzwe haruguru (igika cya 20), aho Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwashingiye kuri iyo ngingo ya 188, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/4/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, rusanga igihe cyo kujurira cyaragombaga gutangira kubarwa ku munsi icyemezo cy’urubanza rujuririrwa cyasomeweho, hakabarwa igihe cy’iminsi itatu (3) ikuwemo iminsi y’impera z’icyumweru (week-end). Ubwo buryo bwo kubara igihe byo kujurira akaba aribwo bigomba kubarwamo no muri uru rubanza kuko ikibazo cyasuzumwaga muri urwo rubanza gifite kamere imwe n’ikiri muri uru rubanza. [17] Dosiye igaragaza ko urubanza No RCOMA 00587/2024/HCC Furaha Eugène ajuririra, rwaciwe ku wa 05/11/2024, ajuririra uru Rukiko ku wa ku wa 11/11/2024 nyuma y’iminsi ine (4) ruciwe hatabariwemo iminsi ibiri (2) y’impera z’icyumweru kuko ku wa 11/11/2024 hari ku munsi wa mbere (lundi/monday). [18] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye ku murongo wagaragajwe haruguru, rurasanga Furaha Eugène yarajuriye impitagihe kuko yajuriye nyuma y’iminsi ine (4) aho kuba itatu (3) iteganywa n’itegeko, kubw’ibyo ubujurire bwe bukaba butakiriwe. [19] Rurasanga kuba ubujurire butakiriwe, nta yizindi ngingo igomba gusuzumwa uretse ijyanye n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka. 2. Gusuzuma niba hari amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka akwiye gutangwa muri uru rubanza [20] Uhagarariye BPR Bank Plc asaba ko Furaha Eugène ategekwa kuyishyura amafaranga ibihumbi Magana inani (800,000Frw) y'ikurikirakanarubanza na miliyoni ebyiri (2,000,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka. [21] Uhagarariye Uwimana Olivier Derrick avuga ko Furaha Eugène akomeje kumushora mu manza kandi ko indishyi yari yarahawe ari nkeya, asaba uru Rukiko kumugenera miliyoni ebyiri

1 Ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishiriza y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi nk’uko ryahinduwe kugeza ubu “Igihe cyo kujuririra icyemezo ni iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho. Urubanza narwo rucibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi.” 2 Ingingo ya 275 y’iryo Tegeko ivuga ko “Ku bihe bibarwa mu minsi cyangwa mu masaha, bibarwa umunsi ku munsi, n’isaha ku isaha hakurikijwe igihe bimara kandi umunsi igikorwa cyakoreweho ntubarwamo, ahubwo habarwa umunsi wa nyuma kigomba kurangiriraho.”

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(2,000,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka na miliyoni imwe (1,000,000Fw) yo gusiragizwa mu nkiko kuko akomeje kugwa mu gihombo gitewe n’umutungo we atabyaza umusaruro. [22] Muvunyi Serge nawe avuga ko yashowe mu nkiko na Furaha Eugene ahoye mu nkiko kandi azi neza ko yagurishije mu cyamunara ingwate mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, bityo agatanga ubujurire bwuririye asaba indishyi zo gushyorwa mu manza zingana n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) n'igihembo cya Avoka kingana na miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana atanu (1,500,000Frw). UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [23] Ibyerekeranye n’amafaranga umuburanyi yakoresheje ku rubanza, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2021/SC rwaciwe kuwa 21 Mutarama 2022 Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Dusabimana, rwasanze uyasaba agomba kuyahabwa kubera ko atsinze urubanza kandi bikaba bigaragara ko byabaye ngombwa kurukurikirana no gushaka umwavoka umuburanira; cyakora ko iyo ayo asaba ari menshi kandi atagaragaza uburyo ariyo yagiye kuri uru rubanza atangwa mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko3. [24] Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rushingiye kuri uwo murongo, rurasanga amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka Uwimana Olivier Derrick, BPR Bank Plc na Muvunyi Serge basaba afite ishingiro, ariko akaba ari menshi nta n’ibimenyetso bayagaragariza, bityo mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko, Furaha Eugène akaba ategetswe kubishyura amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ibihumbi ijana (100,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza, yiyongera ku bihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka, n’ibihumbi ijana (100,000Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri buri umwe, yagenwe mu rubanza rujuririrwa, bityo yose hamwe akishyura buri wese miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1,200,000Frw). III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [25] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Furaha Eugène butakiriwe. [26] Rwemeje ko imikirize y’urubanza No RCOMA 00587/2024/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru ku wa kuwa 05/11/2024, igumyeho. [27] Rutegetse Furaha Eugène kwishyura Uwimana Olivier Derrick, BPR Bank Plc na Muvunyi Serge amafaranga miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi magana abiri (1,200,000Frw) kuri buri umwe y’ikurikiranarubanza, igihembo cya Avoka. [28] Ruvuze ko amagarama yatanzwe ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.

3 Urubanza No RS/INJUST/RC 00005/2021/SC rwaciwe kuwa 21 Mutarama 2022 n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, haburana Radiant Insurance Company Ltd na Dusabimana, igika cya 43.