GAKIRE v. NDAGIJIMANA

# GAKIRE v. NDAGIJIMANA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-28 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RCOM 00015/2022/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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GAKIRE v. NDAGIJIMANA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RS/INJUST/RCOM 00015/2022/SC (Cyanzayire, P.J., Hitiyaremye na Karimunda, J.) 28 Nyakanga 2023] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’ubucuruzi – Kujuririra urubanza – Ibihe by’ubujurire ku muburanyi witabiriye urubanza akamenyeshwa igihe ruzasomerwa – Umuburanyi witabiriye iburanisha akamenyeshwa igihe urubanza ruzasomerwa kandi bikubahirizwa, ibihe by’ubujurire bibarwa uhereye ku munsi urubanza rwasomeweho, cyangwa ku munsi yamenyesherejweho icyemezo. Incamake y’ikibazo: Gakire avugako Ndagijimana yagurishije mu cyamunara umutungo we ubaruye kuri UPI :1/01/07/03/24, uherereye mu Mudugudu w’Akinkware, Akagari ka Nyakabanda I, Umurenge wa Nyakabanda, mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, akavuga ko uwo mutungo yari yarawuhayeho ingwate Equity Bank Rwanda Plc, ariko ugurishwa hirengagijwe amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga cyamunara kandi ko yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru wa Rwanda Development Board (RDB) asaba ko cyamunara iseswa ariko uyu akamumenyesha ko ntacyo yashingiraho ayisesa kuko yubahirije amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru agenga cyamunara. Gakire yaregeye Urukiko rw’ubucuruzi asaba ko iyo cyamunara iteshwa agaciro, urwo Rukiko rwanzura ko cyamunara igumyeho. Icyi cyemezo nticyishimirwa n’urega akijuririra mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’ubucuruzi arusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe ku mutungo we, uregwa we atanga inzitizi yo kutakira ubujurire kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe. Urukiko rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko ubujurire ntashingiro bufite kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe ndetse rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rwaciwe n’urukiko rw’ubucuruzi igumyeho. Urega yandikiye Perezida w’urukiko rw’ubujurire asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, nawe amaze gusuzuma impamvu ashingiraho asaba ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akaregane agasanga zifite ishingiro, yandikira Perezida w’urukiko rw’ikirenga nawe ategeka ko rwandikwa kugirango ruzongere kuburanishwa. Mu rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urega avuga ko urubanza ku bujurire rwaburanishijwe ku wa 20/07/2020, naho kopi y’urubanza yajuririye igashyirwa muri dosiye ku wa 29/07/2020, bivuze ko ubujurire bwaburanishijwe atarahabwa kopi y’urubanza. Asobanura ko yishyuje kopi y’urubanza kenshi ariko ntiyayihabwa, ku wa 16/06/2020 muri dosiye y’urubanza hashyirwamo icyemezo cy’Urukiko (dispositif), abonye ibihe byo kujurira bigiye kumurengana atanga ubujurire ku wa 18/06/2020, ariko agaragaza ko impamvu z’ubujurire zizatangwa nyuma. Avuga kandi ko kopi y’urubanza yashyizwe muri dosiye ku wa 22/06/2020 ariko ntiyamenyeshwa ababuranyi (not shared with public) bituma batamenya ko yabonetse, agiye kugura kopi y’urubanza atungurwa no gusanga Umwanditsi w’Urukiko yaranditse ko iyo kopi itanzwe ku wa 22/06/2020. Agasanga rero ibihe by’ubujurire bigomba kubarwa haherewe ku munsi Umwanditsi w’Urukiko yatangiye kopi y’urubanza isinyweho. Uregwa we avugako urubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 15/06/2020, rwajuririwe ku wa 18/06/2020, ariko impamvu z’ubujurire zitangwa ku wa 18/07/2020, akavugako kuba impamvu z’ubujurire zaratanzwe hashize ukwezi kumwe n’iminsi itatu (3) kuva urubanza rujuririrwa ruciwe bituma ubujurire budakwiye kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe kuko igihe

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cyo kujuririra icyo kirego kihutirwa ari iminsi 3. Avuga kandi ko iby’uko urega yaba yaratindijwe gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire n’uko yari atarabona kopi y’urubanza nta shingiro bifite, kuko urega adasobanura uburyo yatindijwe gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire n’uko yari ategereje guhabwa kopi y’urubanza, ariko na none izo mpamvu zigatangwa mbere y’uko ayihabwa cyangwa ishyirwa muri dosiye y’urubanza. Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Umuburanyi witabiriye iburanisha akamenyeshwa igihe urubanza ruzasomerwa kandi bikubahirizwa, ibihe by’ubujurire bibarwa uhereye ku munsi urubanza rwasomeweho, cyangwa ku munsi yamenyesherejweho icyemezo. Ubujurire bwatanzwe bukererewe. Amategeko yifashishijwe: Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 148 igika cya 2; ingingo y’150 agace ka 5 n’aka 6; n’iy’188 igika cya 2. Imanza zifashishijwe: Urubanza RS/REV/RCOM 00005/2017/SC; Dunia Bakarani Faustin n’undi v Majyambere Silas n’abandi rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019. Urubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00023/2018/SC; Ibyisi Augustin v Kalisa Ribakare Didier na MUKANTABANA Clémentine. Urubanza RCOMAA 00071/2017/SC; BRD v Mbuto Aimable na Mukangabire Pacifique. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA. [1] Gakire Pascal avuga ko ku wa 10/03/2020, Ndagijimana Viateur yagurishije muri cyamunara umutungo we ubaruye kuri UPI :1/01/07/03/24, uherereye mu Mudugudu w’Akinkware, Akagari ka Nyakabanda I, Umurenge wa Nyakabanda, mu Karere ka Nyarugenge. Avuga ko uwo mutungo yari yarawuhayeho ingwate Equity Bank Rwanda Plc, ariko ugurishwa hirengagijwe amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga cyamunara, 1 ko yandikiye Umwanditsi Mukuru wa Rwanda Development Board (RDB) asaba ko cyamunara iseswa, uyu akamusubiza ku wa 25/03/2020, amumenyesha ko ntacyo yashingiraho ayisesa kuko yubahirije amabwiriza y’Umwanditsi Mukuru agenga cyamunara, ibi akaba aribyo byatumye ku wa 31/03/2020, aregera Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi asaba ko iyo cyamunara iteshwa agaciro. [2] Ndagijimana Viateur yireguye avuga ko igenagaciro ryashingiweho hakorwa cyamunara ari iryakozwe muri Mutarama 2020 kandi ko, nubwo ku bw’itegeko nta nshingano yari afite zo 1 Mu mategeko ndetse n’amabwiriza agenga cyamunara yirengagijwe, Gakire Pascal avuga ko harimo: i. kuba ataramenyeshejwe inyandiko ikubiyemo amabwiriza y’igurisha; ii. Kuba ataramenyeshejwe amatangazo ya cyamunara kugira ngo amenye amatariki yari kuberaho no iii. kuba harakoreshejwe igenagaciro ry’umutungo ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2016.

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gushyikiriza nyir’umutungo inyandiko ikubiyemo amabwiriza y’igurisha (selling Terms & conditions) hamwe n’iryo genagaciro, yabihaye Gakire Pascal mbere y’uko cyamunara ikorwa. [3] Urubanza RCOM 00641/2020/TC rwaciwe ku wa 15/06/2020, Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi rusanga : i. Nta mategeko cyangwa amabwiriza agenga cyamunara yirengagijwe mu igurisha ry’ingwate Gakire Pascal yari yahaye Equity Bank Rwanda Plc, bityo ko icyemezo Umwanditsi Mukuru yafashe gifite ishingiro ; ii. Mu nyandiko ikubiyemo amabwiriza ya cyamunara Ndagijimana Viateur yashyikirije Umwanditsi Mukuru akayemeza ku wa 04/02/2020, hari harimo n’igenagaciro ryakozwe ku wa 22/01/2020, binavuze ko iryo genegaciro ariryo ryakurikijwe muri cyamunara yo ku wa 10/03/2020 ; iii. Gakire Pascal atagaragaza ibimenyetso byerekana inenge zabaye ubwo cyamunara yabaga, bityo n’indishyi asaba zikaba nta shingiro zifite. [4] Urukiko rwanzuye ko cyamunara yabaye ku wa 10/03/2020 ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI :1/01/07/03/24 wa Gakire Pascal na Gahonzire Lydie wari wahaweho ingwate Equity Bank Rwanda Plc, uherereye mu Mudugudu w’Akinkware, Akagari ka Nyakabanda, Umurenge wa Nyakabanda I, mu Karere ka Nyarugenge, igomba kugumaho, rutegeka Gakire Pascal kwishyura Ndagijimana Viateur 700.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka. [5] Ku wa 18/06/2020, Gakire Pascal yajuririye Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi arusaba gutesha agaciro cyamunara yakozwe ku wa 10/03/2020 ku mutungo ubaruye kuri UPI: 1/01/07/03/24. Ndagijimana Viateur yasabye Urukiko kutakira ubujurire avuga ko bwatanzwe impitagihe. [6] Mu rubanza RCOMA 00383/2020/HCC rwaciriwe mu ntebe ku wa 20/07/2020, Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi, rushingiye ku murongo watanzwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu rubanza BRD yaburanagamo na Mbuto Aimable na Mukangabire Pacifique,2 aho rwavuze ko impamvu z’ubujurire zitanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byo kujurira zitagomba kwakirwa kuko ziba zararengeje ibihe byo kujurira biteganywa n’amategeko, rwasanze: i. Ibyavuzwe na Me Kamanzi Tchuma kuri telefoni3 mu gihe cy’iburanisha ko icyatumye atinda gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire ari uko atahawe ku gihe kopi y’urubanza yajuririraga 2 Reba urubanza no RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS, rwaciwe ku wa 26/10/2018. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwavuze ko ingingo ya 150 y’itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, isobanura mu buryo butaziguye ko ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ko mu bigomba kuwugaragaramo harimo urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa; hamwe n’ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’ibisabwa urukiko, ko kandi impamvu z’ubujurire zitanzwe nyuma y’ibihe byo kujurira zitagomba kwakirwa kuko ziba zararengeje ibihe biteganywa n’amategeko byo kujurira. 3 Me Kamanzi Tchuma ntabwo yitabiriye iburanisha kuko yari yatanze inyandiko ya muganga imutegeka ikiruhuko cy’uburwayi.

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nta shingiro bifite kubera ko bigaragara ko kopi y’urubanza yashyizwe muri dosiye (IECMS) ku wa 22/06/2020, impamvu z’ubujurire zigatangwa ku wa 18/07/2020; ii. Nubwo Gakire Pascal yatanze ubujurire bwe ku wa 18/06/2020, kuba atarahise atanga impamvu z’ubujurire bigomba gufatwa nko kutajurira kuko ntawe ufata ikibanza mu manza, ahubwo hubahirizwa ibiteganywa n’ingingo ya 150 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi ; iii. Kuba urubanza rwajuririrwaga rwari rufite kamere y’ibirego byihutirwa, kandi ubujurire bwabyo bukaba bukorwa mu gihe cy’iminsi itatu (3) kuva urubanza rusomwe ku baburanyi bitabiriye iburanisha, ariko Gakire Pascal akabirengaho, agatanga impamvu z’ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2020, bigaragara ko izo ngingo z’ubujurire zatanzwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’ingingo ya 1504 ndetse n’iya 188,5 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, bityo zikaba zitagomba kwakirwa ngo zisuzumwe, rwanzura ko ubujurire bwa Gakire Pascal butakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe igihe cyo kujurira cyararenze, rutegeka ko imikirize y’urubanza no RCOM 00641/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi, igumyeho. [7] Ku wa 18/08/2020, Gakire Pascal yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire asaba ko urubanza RCOMA 00383/2020/HCC rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 20/07/2020 rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z'akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire amaze gusuzuma ubwo busabe, yandikiye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga asaba ko urwo rubanza rwasubirwamo. Mu cyemezo n° 164/CJ/2022 cyo ku wa 30/08/2022 ; Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yategetse ko urwo rubanza rwoherezwa mu Bwanditsi bw’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga kugira ngo ruzongere ruburanishwe. [8] Iburanisha mu ruhame ryabaye ku wa 20/06/2023, Gakire Pascal ahagarariwe na Me Kamanzi Tchuma, naho Ndagijimana Viateur yunganiwe na Me Rwagitare Fred Fiston afatanyije na Me Safari Jean Bosco, habanza gusuzumwa ikibazo cyo kumenya niba Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rwari kuburanisha Gakire Pascal adafite Avoka, kandi uyu yararumenyesheje ko arwaye, akarwoherereza inyandiko ya muganga imuha ikiruhuko cy’uburwayi, akanasaba ko iburanisha ryimurwa. [9] Mu cyemezo cyafatiwe mu ntebe, Urukiko rwasanze Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi rutaragombaga kuburanisha Gakire Pascal atunganiwe na Avoka kuko byabangamiye uburenganzira bwe ku butabera buboneye, rwanzura ko ingaruka z’iyo migirire ari ugutesha agaciro urubanza no RCOMA 00383/2020/HCC rwaciwe ku wa 20/07/2020, hakagumaho urubanza RCOM 00641/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 15/06/2020 n’ubujurire bwatanzwe na Gakire Pascal kuri urwo rubanza. Urukiko rwakomeje rusuzuma inzitizi 4 Iyo ngingo iteganya ibikubiye mu mwanzuro w’ubujurire. 5 Iyo ngingo iteganya ko “Igihe cyo gusubirishamo icyemezo cyafashwe ku birego byihutirwa ni iminsi itarenze itanu (5) y’akazi ibarwa uhereye igihe uregwa yamenyeye icyo cyemezo. Igihe cyo kujuririra icyemezo ni iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho. Urubanza narwo rucibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi. Ubujurire bw’ibyemezo byafashwe ku birego byihutirwa bushyikirizwa, urukiko rwisumbuyeho kandi bijuririrwa inshuro imwe gusa. Izindi nzira zo kujurira ziteganyijwe n`amategeko zirabujijwe mu miburanishirize y’imanza z’ikirego cyihutirwa.”

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yari yazamuwe na Ndagijimana Viateur yo kutakira ubujire bwa Gakire Pascal mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi avuga ko bwatanzwe impitagihe. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO. II.1. Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Gakire Pascal mu Rukiko Rukuru rw’Ubucuruzi bwaratanzwe bukererewe. [10] Ndagijimana Viateur, Me Rwagitare Fred Fiston na Me Safari Jean Bosco bamwunganira, bavuga ko urubanza RCOM 00641/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 15/06/2020, rwajuririwe ku wa 18/06/2020, ariko impamvu z’ubujurire zitangwa ku wa 18/07/2020. Basobanura ko uru rubanza rufite kamere y’ibirego byihutirwa, icyemezo cyabyo kikaba kijuririrwa mu minsi itatu y’akazi nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 188 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, bityo kuba impamvu z’ubujurire zaratanzwe hashize ukwezi kumwe n’iminsi itatu (3) kuva urubanza rujuririrwa ruciwe bikaba bituma ubujurire bwa Gakire Pascal budakwiye kwakirwa kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe. [11] Bavuga ko iby’uko Gakire Pascal yaba yaratindijwe gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire n’uko yari atarabona kopi y’urubanza nta shingiro bifite, kubera ko yivugira ko kopi y’urubanza yashyizwe muri dosiye ku wa 29/07/2020, ariko akaba yaratanze impamvu z’ubujurire ku wa 18/07/2020. Basobanura ko ahubwo yabonye kopi y’urubanza isinyweho n’Umwanditsi w’Urukiko ku wa 22/06/2020, ariko nabwo ntiyahita atanga impamvu z’ubujurire, azitanga 18/07/2020, ko iyo aba ari kopi y’urubanza yamutindije kuzitanga, yari guhita ajurira. Bongeraho ko kugeza ubu urega adasobanura uburyo yatindijwe gutanga impamvu z’ubujurire n’uko yari ategereje guhabwa kopi y’urubanza, ariko na none izo mpamvu zigatangwa mbere y’uko ayihabwa cyangwa ishyirwa muri dosiye y’urubanza. [12] Basoza basaba uru Rukiko gushingira ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 150 agace ka 4, aka 5 n’aka 6, y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya uburyo ubujurire bukorwamo no ku murongo rwatanze mu rubanza Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD) yaburanagamo na Mbuto Aimable na Mukangabire Pacifique, 6 rukemeza ko ubujurire bwa Gakire Pascal butakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe impitagihe. [13] Me Kamanzi Tchuma uburanira Gakire Pascal avuga ko urubanza ku bujurire rwaburanishijwe ku wa 20/07/2020, naho kopi y’urubanza yajuririye igashyirwa muri dosiye ku wa 29/07/2020, bivuze ko ubujurire bwaburanishijwe atarahabwa kopi y’urubanza. Asobanura ko yishyuje kopi y’urubanza kenshi ariko ntiyayihabwa, ku wa 16/06/2020 muri dosiye y’urubanza hashyirwamo icyemezo cy’Urukiko (dispositif), abonye ibihe byo kujurira bigiye kumurengana atanga ubujurire ku wa 18/06/2020, ariko agaragaza ko impamvu z’ubujurire zizatangwa nyuma. [14] Avuga ko kopi y’urubanza yashyizwe muri dosiye ku wa 22/06/2020 ariko ntiyamenyeshwa ababuranyi (not shared with public) bituma batamenya ko yabonetse, ku wa 6 Reba urubanza n° RCOMAA 00071/2017/CS rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018.

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17/07/2020, Gakire Pascal ajya kugura kopi y’urubanza ariko batungurwa no gusanga Umwanditsi w’Urukiko yaranditse ko iyo kopi itanzwe ku wa 22/06/2020. Asanga rero ibihe by’ubujurire bigomba kubarwa haherewe ku munsi Umwanditsi w’Urukiko yatangiye kopi y’urubanza isinyweho, ni ukuvuga ku wa 17/07/2020, cyangwa umunsi iyo kopi yamenyesherejwe ababuranyi, ni ukuvuga ku wa 29/07/2020. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA: [15] Ingingo ya 148, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko “umuburanyi wari uhari iburanisha ripfundikirwa, n’iyo yaba atari ahari umunsi w’isomwa ry’urubanza, afatwa nk’uwamenye igihe urubanza rwasomewe.” [16] Ingingo ya 150, agace ka 5 n’aka 6, y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko “Ubujurire bukorwa mu buryo bw’umwanzuro utanga ikirego, ugaragaza ibi bikurikira : […] 5° urutonde rw’inenge z’urubanza zisabirwa gukosorwa n’ibindi bibazo bigomba gusuzumwa ; 6° ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo bigaragaza amakosa yakozwe n’uburyo agomba gukosorwa hashingiwe ku mategeko n’ibimenyetso n’igisabwa urukiko. [17] Ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2, y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru igira iti : “igihe cyo kujuririra icyemezo ni iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho cyangwa ababuranyi bakimenyeyeho. Urubanza narwo rucibwa mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itatu (3) y’akazi.” [18] Urukiko rurasanga izo ngingo zimaze kuvugwa zisomewe hamwe, zumvikanisha ko umuburanyi witabiriye iburanisha akamenyeshwa igihe urubanza ruzasomerwa kandi bikubahirizwa, ibihe by’ubujurire bibarwa uhereye ku munsi urubanza rwasomeweho, cyangwa ku munsi yamenyesherejweho icyemezo, akaba atagomba kurenza iminsi itatu y’akazi atarajurira iyo ari ikirego cyihutirwa, ndetse mu kujurira akaba agomba kugaragaza urutonde rw’ibyo anenga urubanza ajuririra n’ibisobanuro kuri buri nenge cyangwa kuri buri kibazo. [19] Urukiko rurasanga ku bijyanye n’umunsi uherwaho kugira ngo umuburanyi witabiriye iburanisha atange ubujurire bwe, uru Rukiko rwarabitanzeho umurongo mu rubanza Dunia Bakarani Faustin n’undi, baburanaga na Majyambere Silas n’abandi aho rwasanze “umunsi urubanza rwasomeweho, kandi (ababuranyi) bari bamenyeshejwe, ari nawo bamenyeyeho impamvu bashingiyeho (ubujurire). Uwo munsi rero niwo ugomba guherwaho habarwa ibihe (by’ubujurire).”7 Uyu murongo wongeye kandi gushimangirwa mu rubanza Ibyisi Augustin yaburanaga na Kalisa Ribakare Didier na MUKANTABANA Clémentine.8 7 Reba urubanza nº RS/REV/RCOM 00005/2017/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 04/12/2019, igika cya 37. 8 Reba urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RC 00023/2018/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 31/02/2020, igika cya 24. Reba kandi urubanza nº RS/INJUST/RC 00007/2022/SC, Sanlam Assurance Générales Plc yaburanaga na Nshimiyimana Emmanuel, rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 06/01/2023, igika cya 19.

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[20] Mu rubanza Banque Rwandaise de Développement (BRD) yaburanagamo na Mbuto Aimable na Mukangabire Pacifique, uru Rukiko rwasanze BRD yaratanze ingingo imwe y’ubujurire ku wa 08/12/2017, itanga izindi ebyiri ku wa 19/03/2018 naho ku wa 20/03/2018 itanga indi ngingo imwe y’ubujurire, ariko nabwo ntiyazitangira ibisobanuro, rusanga iyo migirire itandukanye n’igitekerezo kiri mu ngingo ya 150, agace ka 5, y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru cy’uko “mu bigomba kuba mu nyandiko y’ubujurire harimo n’impamvu z’ubujurire”.9 [21] Urukiko rurasanga na none iyo ingingo ya 132, igika cya gatatu,10 n’iya 150, agace ka 5, z’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru zisomewe hamwe, zumvikanisha ko impamvu Umushingamategeko yateganyije ko ibihe by’ubujurire ku muburanyi witabiriye iburanisha bitangira kubarwa ku munsi urubanza rwasomeweho, kandi ingingo z’ubujurire (ni ukuvuga urutonde rw’ibibazo cyangwa rw’inenge ku rubanza rujuririrwa) zigatangirwa rimwe n’ibisobanuro cyangwa impamvu z’ubujurire kuri buri kibazo, ari uko mu isomwa ry’urubanza, Urukiko narwo rufite inshingano zo gusoma urubanza rwanditse mu ngingo zarwo zose. Ibi ni nabyo bituma umuburanyi, mu gihe ategereje guhabwa kopi y’urubanza, amenya impamvu (motivation/reasoning) zashingiweho n’Urukiko mu kugera ku mwanzuro rwafashe ; bityo mu gihe yaba atishimiye uwo mwanzuro akajurira agaragaza mu bisobanuro bye igituma atemeranya n’impamvu zatanzwe n’Urukiko. [22] Urukiko rurasanga ikirego cya Gakire Pascal cyari ugutesha agaciro cyamunara, bivuze ko gishingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 260, igika cya gatanu,10 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, iteganya ko bene ibyo birego “bitangwa kandi bikaburanishwa mu bihe by’ibirego byihutirwa.” Ibi byumvikanisha ko hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 188, igika cya 2, y’iryo tegeko, igihe cyo kujurira cyari iminsi itarenze itatu (3) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi icyemezo cyasomeweho. [23] Urukiko rurasanga dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko urubanza RCOM 00641/2020/TC, rwaburanishijwe ku wa 10/06/2020 ababuranyi bose bahari, rurapfundikirwa, bamenyeshwa kandi basinyira ko ruzasomwa ku wa 12/06/2020 ; icyakora uwo munsi ugeze, ababuranyi bamenyeshwa ko isomwa ry’urubanza ryimuriwe ku wa 15/06/2020. Kuri uyu munsi, urubanza rwasomwe Gakire Pascal ahari kuko bigaragara ko yashyize umukono ku inyandiko-mvugo y’isomwa ry’urubanza, bivuze ko atagombaga kurenza ku itariki ya 18/06/2020 atarajurira. [24] Urukiko rurasanga ku wa 18/06/2020, Gakire Pascal yaravuze ko ajuriye kuko yanditse muri dosiye ko ajuriye (Party role : claimant/plaintif, Party : Gakire Pascal). Icyakora nta ngingo n’imwe y’ubujurire yatanze, ntaho avuga ko ajuririye urubanza rwose ndetse nta n’igisobanuro na kimwe yatanze. Icyo yakoze ni ukwandika muri dosiye (IECMS) ko ujuriye ari Gakire Pascal no gutanga ubutumwa bugira buti: “Imyanzuro y’inyongera tuzayongeramo incarubanza (copie de jugement) imaze gushyirwa muri system, kuko kugeza ubu ntirashyirwamo, usibye aga page ka 9 Reba urubanza n°RCOMAA 00071/2017/SC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ku wa 26/10/2018, igika cya 21. 10 Iki gika kigira giti: “Urubanza rwose rugomba gusomwa n’umucamanza cyangwa abacamanza baruciye bahari kandi rwanditse mu ngingo zarwo zose.” 10 Iki gika kigira giti: “Ibirego bivugwa muri iyi ngingo bitangwa kandi bikaburanishwa mu bihe by'ibirego byihutirwa.”

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nyuma”. Urukiko rusanga rero, kuba Gakire Pascal yari ahari urubanza ruburanishwa, ndetse akaba yaritabiriye n’isomwa ryarwo, ibyo yakoze bitafatwa nko kujurira. [25] Urukiko rurasanga ibyo Me Kamanzi Tchuma avuga ko ingingo z’ubujurire n’impamvu zazo yari kuzitanga amaze kubona kopi y’urubanza nta shingiro bifite kuko, nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, izo mpamvu bari bazigaragarijwe mu gihe cy’isomwa ry’urubanza hakaba rero nta cyabuzaga ko azishingiraho atanga ubujurire. Ibi binashimangirwa n’uko n’ubundi ingingo z’ubujurire yazitanze atarabona kopi y’urubanza avuga ko ariyo yamutindije kujurira. Kugeza ubu ntabasha gusobanura uburyo yari kuba ategereje kopi y’urubanza yabonye ku wa 29/07/2020, mu gihe nyamara yari yaratanze ingingo ze z’ubujurire n’ibisobanuro byazo ku wa 18/07/2020.

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[26] Hashingiwe ku mategeko no ku bisobanuro byatanzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga Gakire Pascal atarubahirije ibihe byo kujurira biteganywa n’amategeko. II.2. Kumenya ishingiro ry’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa muri uru rubanza. [27] Ndagijimana Viateur na Me Rwagitare Fred Fiston na Me Safari Jean Bosco bamwunganira bavuga ko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, basaba ko Ndagijimana Viateur ahabwa 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego, yiyongera kuyo yagenewe mu nkiko zibanza, na 2.000.000 Frw kubwo gusiragizwa mu manza. [28] Me Kamanzi Tchuma uhagarariye Gakire Pascal avuga ko Ndagijimana Viateur ari we wakoze amakosa yo kutubahiriza amategeko n’amabwiriza mu gihe cyo kugurisha umutungo wa Gakire Pascal muri cyamunara, bityo ko ataba ari we wamushoye mu manza ngo anabisabire indishyi. Asaba ahubwo uru Rukiko gutegeka Ndagijimana Viateur kumusubiza 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka ku rwego rwa mbere, 1.000.000 Frw ku rwego rw’Ubujurire, na 500.000 Frw y’indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza. UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA: [29] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko no 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe. [30] Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza asabwa na Gakire Pascal ntayo akwiriye kuko ntacyo atsindiye muri uru rubanza, naho asabwa na Ndagijimana Viateur akaba ayakwiriye kuko yiyambaje abanyamategeko kugira ngo bamwunganire mu rubanza kandi bamufashe gukurikirana ibyarwo. Icyakora nta kigaragaza ko ayo asaba ariyo yatanze kuri uru rubanza, bityo mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko akaba agenewe 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO. [31] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Gakire Pascal butakiriwe kuko bwatanzwe bukererewe ; [32] Rwemeje ko hagumyeho imikirize y’urubanza no RCOM 00641/2020/TC rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubucuruzi ku wa 15/06/2020 ;

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[33] Rutegetse Gakire Pascal guha Ndagijimana Viateur 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego, yose hamwe akaba 800.000 Frw.