NSENGIMANA v. D’OFFICE

NSENGIMANA v. D’OFFICE

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2025-03-10 - Case/document no.: RCAA 00003/2024/CA - Collection: Court of Appeal

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NSENGIMANA v. D’OFFICE [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’UBUJURIRE – RCAA 00003/2024/CA (Kamere, P.J.) 10 Werurwe 2025] Amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano – Ukutitaba nta mpamvu k’urega – Ukutitaba nta mpamvu k’urega mu rubanza biha uregwa uburenganzira bwo guhitamo hagati yo gusibisha ikirego yarezwe no kukiburanaho uwamureze adahari kandi agafatwa nk’uhari. Iyo urubanza rusibwe ruri ku rwego rw’ubujurire, hasigaraho imikirize y’urubanza rwari rwajuririwe, ibintu bigasubira nk’aho ubwo bujurire butigeze bubaho. Incamake y’ikibazo: Nsangira Nsengimana Georges nyuma yuko atsinze Kadodo Bihire Samuel mu rubanza rwabereye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Goma (Tribunal de Grande Instance de Goma) rukomoka ku kuba Kadodo yarisubije umutungo yatsindiwe mu manza zitandukanye yaburanaga na Sebarashenga, nawe nyuma yo kuwutsindira akawugurisha se wa Nsangira Nsengimana Georges witwaga Nsangira Sibomana Aaron (wapfuye), Urwo Rukiko rwemeje ko Kadodo ava muri uwo murima no kuha Nsangira Nsengimana indishyi zingana na 2.000$US. Nsangira Nsengimana Georges yatanze ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko imanza RC 13.466 Bis, RC 21.334 na RCA 4585 zaciwe n’inkiko zo muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’inyandiko zimenyesha imikirize yazo zirangirizwa mu Rwanda aho afite umutungo

ku byerekeye indishyi za 2.000 $US zavugwagamo. Kadodo yagobotse muri urwo rubanza avuga ko imanza zaburanishijwe muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo zitararangira kuko hari ikirego cyatanzwe mu Rukiko rusesa imanza kitarafatwaho icyemezo. Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Musanze rwaciye urubanza rwemeza ko kuba hari ikirego kiri mu Rukiko rusesa imanza muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo kitarafatwaho icyemezo ntaho rwahera rwemeza ko izo manza zirangirizwa mu Rwanda kuko binyuranyije n’amategeko rusange ndemyagihugu n’amahame ashingiweho n’amategeko y’u Rwanda. Nsangira Nsengimana yajuririye mu Rukiko rw’ubujurire, ariko ku munsi w’iburanisha ntiyitaba ndetse n’umu avocat we yandikira avuga ko umuclient we yapfushije umuntu bityo atabasha kuboneka mu iburanisha agasaba ko iburanisha ryakwimurirwa ku wundi munsi. Ku rundi ruhande Kadodo yasabye Urukiko ko ikirego gisibwa kuko impamvu yo kutitaba yatanzwe nta shingiro ifite kubera ko nta bimenyetso yayigaragarije kandi ko n’iyo uwajuriye ajya kuba yafushije umuntu koko Avoka we yari kwitaba Urukiko akabisobanura mu iburanisha. Incamake y’icyemezo: Ukutitaba nta mpamvu k’urega mu rubanza biha uregwa uburenganzira bwo guhitamo hagati yo gusibisha ikirego yarezwe no kukiburanaho uwamureze adahari kandi agafatwa nk’uhari, naho ibijyanye no kwimura iburanisha kugira ngo urega yongere ahamagarwe byo bikaba ari icyemezo cyaturuka gusa ku bushishozi bw’Urukiko iyo rusanga ari byo biri mu nyungu z’ubutabera. Iyo urubanza rusibwe ruri ku rwego rw’ubujurire, hasigaraho imikirize y’urubanza rwari rwajuririwe, ibintu bigasubira nk’aho ubwo bujurire butigeze bubaho. Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire gisibwa. Amagarama ahwanye n’ibyakozwe mu rubanza.

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Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye Imiburanishirize y’Imanza z’Imbonezamubano, iz’Ubucuruzi, iz’Umurimo n’iz’Ubutegetsi, Ingingo ya 54. Nta manza zifashishijwe

Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y′URUBANZA [1] ku wa 16/04/1987, Aaron Nsangira Sibomana se wa Georges Nsangira Nsengimana, yakoranye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umurima wa ha 35 na Sebarashenga, uwo murima ukaba uherereye i RUTARISHONGO muri Groupement ya KARUBA, Teritwari ya MASISI, Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, mu gihugu cya RDC, Sebarashenga akaba yarawukomoye ku manza RCA.844 na RPA.744 zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Kivu i Bukavu yatsindiyemo Kadodo Bihire Samuel. [2] Nyuma y’ubu bugure, habaye ibihe by’umutekano mucye w’intambara muri Masisi abaturage barahunga, maze muri 1997 Kadodo Bihire Samuel yifashishije umwanya we wa Chef de Poste de KARUBA yisubiza uwo murima yatsindiwe muri zo manza. Nsangira Sibomana yareze Kadodo Bihire Samuel mu rubanza RC 13.466 Bis rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Goma (Tribunal de Grande Instance de Goma) ku wa 06/06/2011 rutegeka Kadodo Bihire Samuel kuva mu murima wa Nsangira Sibomana, kuwumusubiza no kumuha indishyi zingana na 2.000$US. [3] Aaron Nsangira Sibomana yapfuye ku wa 02/04/2021, maze mu nama y’umuryango yo ku wa 23/04/2021, George Nsangira Nsengimana atoranywa kuba ushinzwe kwegeranya umutungo uzungurwa wa Aaron Nsangira Sibomana, kandi mu cyemezo RC 21.334 cyo ku wa 19/08/2021 Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Goma rwemeza iki cyemezo cy’inama y’umuryango. [4] Ku wa 19/02/2021, Kadodo Bihire Samuel yajuririye imikirize y’urubanza RC 13.466

Bis rwavuzwe haruguru, ubujurire bwe buhabwa nimero y’urubanza RCA 4585 rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire rwa Nord-Kivu i Goma ku wa 16/02/2022, aho Urukiko rwemeje ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. [5] Nyuma y’izi manza, Kadodo Bihire Samuel yavuye mu murima wa Aaron Nsangira Sibomana nk’uko yabitegetswe mu rubanza RC 13.466 Bis, ariko ntiyatanga indishyi yategetswe, bituma ku wa 28/08/2023, Georges Nsangira Nsengimana atanga ikirego mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, mu buryo bw’inyandiko nsobanurakirego itanzwe n’umuburanyi umwe, asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko imanza RC 13.466 Bis, RC 21.334 na RCA 4585 zaciwe n’inkiko zo muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’inyandiko zimenyesha imikirize yazo zirangirizwa mu Rwanda aho afite umutungo ku byerekeye indishyi za 2.000 $US zavugwagamo. [6] Ikirego cye cyanditswe kuri nimero RC 00005/2023/HC/MUS, mu gutangira Urukiko rubona ko rudashobora gufata icyemezo rutabanje kumva Kadodo Bihire Samuel nyir’imitungo

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yagombaga kurangirizwaho urubanza, arahamagarwa, abwira Urukiko ko atari azi ko urwo rubanza ruhari, asaba guhabwa umwanya ngo arugobokemo, birakorwa. [7] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe ku wa 06/06/2024, Kadodo Bihire Samuel avuga ko imanza zisabirwa kurangirizwa mu Rwanda zitarageza igihe cyo kurangizwa kuko zikiburanishwa, ko umucamanza waciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere yongeye aruburanisha no ku rwego rw’ubujurire arufataho icyemezo, ibi bikaba byaratumye hatangwa ikirego mu Rukiko rusesa imanza i Kinshasa kugira ngo urubanza rufite nimero RCA 4585 ruteshwe agaciro. Asaba guhabwa indishyi z’akababaro n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza. [8] Mu guca urubanza ku wa 02/07/2024, Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze, rumaze kubona ko ikibazo cyerekeye umucamanza waciye urubanza ku rwego rwa mbere, akarugarakamo no mu bujurire mu manza RC 13.466 Bis, RC 21.334 na RCA 4585 cyashyikirijwe Urukiko rusesa imanza rw’i Kinshasa, kitarafatwaho icyemezo, rwasanze ntaho rwahera rwemeza ko izo manza zirangirizwa mu Rwanda kuko binyuranyije n’amategeko rusange ndemyagihugu n’amahame ashingiweho n’amategeko y’u Rwanda, maze rwemeza ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Georges Nsangira Nsengimana nta shingiro gifite, ko imanza RC 13.466 Bis, RC 21.334 na RCA 4585 zaciwe n’inkiko za Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo n’inyandiko zimenyesha imikirize yazo zitujuje ibisabwa byatuma zirangirizwa mu

Rwanda. [9] Georges Nsangira Nsengimana yajuririye iki cyemezo mu Rukiko rw’Ubujurire, ikirego cyandikwa kuri RCA 00003/2025/CA. [10] Iburanisha ry’urubanza ryashyizwe ku wa 10/03/2025 i saa cyenda z’amanywa (15h00), icyo gihe ruhamagaye ababuranyi rusanga hitabye gusa Kadodo Bihire Samuel ahagarariwe na Me Uhoraningoga Alexis, naho Georges Nsangira Nsengimana wajuriye atitabye ariko Avoka we Me Emile Rusobanuka Katisiga, i saa saba n’iminota cumi n’ibiri z’amanywa (13h12), mbere gato y’isaha y’iburanisha, yohereje muri dosiye ubutumwa bwanditse dosiye (note) agira ati: “Nabasabaga indi tariki y’iburanisha kuko umukiliya wanjye ni umukongomani yapfushije umuntu kandi ndamwunganiye, simuhagarariye. Murakoze!”. Me Uhoraningoga Alexis asaba ko ikirego cy’ubujurire cya George Nsangira Nsengimana gisibwa kuko impamvu yo kutitaba yatanzwe na Avoka we nta shingiro ifite kubera ko nta bimenyetso yayigaragarije kandi ko n’iyo uwajuriye ajya kuba yafushije umuntu koko Avoka we yari kwitaba Urukiko akabisobanura mu iburanisha. Yasabye kandi Urukiko gutegeka George Nsangira Nsengimana guha Kadodo Bihire Samuel amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) y’indishyi zo gusiragizwa mu manza ku maherere, na 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego. Urukiko ruriherera ruhita rusomera mu ntebe icyemezo gikurikira. II. IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA

RYABYO Kumenya niba ubujurire bwa Georges Nsangira Nsengimana bugomba gusibwa mu gitabo cy’ibirego [11] Me Uhoraningoga Alexis uburanira Georges Nsangira Nsengimana, ashingiye ku mahitamo ahabwa n’ingingo ya 54 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye

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Imiburanishirize y’Imanza z’Imbonezamubano, iz’Ubucuruzi, iz’Umurimo n’iz’Ubutegetsi, asaba ko kubera ukutitaba nta mpamvu ifite ishingiro kwa Georges Nsangira Nsengimana, ikirego cy’ubujurire yatanze gisibwa hakagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [12] Ingingo ya 54 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye Imiburanishirize y’Imanza z’Imbonezamubano, iz’Ubucuruzi, iz’Umurimo n’iz’Ubutegetsi iteganya ibikurikira ″iyo urega atitabye Urukiko nta mpamvu, uregwa ashobora gusaba ko urubanza rusibwa cyangwa agasaba ko ruburanishwa mu mizi yarwo, urubanza ruciwe rukazafatwa nk’aho rwaburanishijwe ababuranyi bahari, keretse iyo Urukiko, ku nyungu z’ubutabera, rusanze ari ngombwa ko urubanza rwimurirwa ku yindi tariki kugira ngo urega yongere ahamagarwe. Iyo urubanza rusibwe, icyo cyemezo kiba kivanyeho urubanza, n’amagarama yatanzwe yose agaherera k’urega″. [13] Isesengura ry’ingingo ivuzwe haruguru ku birebana n’uburenganzira bw’uregwa iyo urega atitabye ndetse n’ingaruka z’ikoreshwa ry’ubwo burenganzira, rigaragaza ko ari uburenganzira bw’uregwa iyo umurega atitabye Urukiko bwo guhitamo hagati yo gusibisha ikirego yarezwe no kukiburanaho uwamureze adahari kandi agafatwa nk’uhari, naho ibijyanye no kwimura iburanisha kugira ngo urega yongere ahamagarwe bikaba ari icyemezo cyaturuka gusa ku bushishozi bw’Urukiko iyo rusanga ari byo biri mu nyungu z’ubutabera. Iyi ngingo kandi isoza igaragaza ko iyo Urukiko ruhaye ishingiro ubusabe bw’uregwa bw’uko ikirego gisibwa, ikivanwaho ari urubanza ku rwego Urukiko rwari rwararuregeweho kandi uwari waruregeye akaba adasubizwa amagarama yarutangiye kuri urwo

rwego. Ibi bikaba bivuze ko iyo urubanza rusibwe ruri ku rwego rw’ubujurire, hasigaraho imikirize y’urubanza rwari rwajuririwe, mbese ibintu bigasubira nk’aho ubwo bujurire butigeze bubaho. [14] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ababuranyi bose bahujwe n’urubanza rwabo muri sisitemu ya IECMS, bityo bakaba bari barahamagawe ku buryo bukurikije amategeko mu iburanisha ryo kuwa 10/03/2025 guhera i saa cyenda z’amanywa (15h00). [15] Urukiko rusanga ubutumwa Me Emile Rusobanuka Katisiga yanditse muri dosiye i saa saba n’iminota cumi n’ibiri z’amanywa (13h12), mbere gato y’isaha y’iburanisha, yohereje muri dosiye ubutumwa bwanditse dosiye (note) agira ati: “Nabasabaga indi tariki y’iburanisha kuko umukiliya wanjye ni umukongomani yapfushije umuntu kandi ndamwunganiye, simuhagarariye. Murakoze!” nta shingiro bugomba guhabwa kuko uretse no kuba Avoka wabutanze nta kimenyetso na kimwe yatangiye ibyo avuga ko uwajuriye yapfushije umuntu, nta n’ubwo agaragaza isano urwo rupfu rwaba rufitanye n’isubikwa ry’iburanisha ngo bibe byatuma Urukiko rufata ko ari ukuri. Byongeye kandi nta kuri Urukiko rubona mu bivugwa na Avoka Emile Rusobanuka Katisiga ko yunganira uwajuriye adashobora kumuhagararira, kubera ko mu iburanisha ry’uru rubanza riheruka muri uru Rukiko ku wa 15/01/2025 yari yitabye ahagarariye uwajuriye, atamwunganiye nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inyandikomvugo y’iryo buranisha iri muri dosiye. [16] Urukiko rusanga kuba ku wa 10/03/2025, uwajuriye atitabye mu iburanisha, ubusabe bw’uhagarariye Kadodo Bihire Samuel witabye bugomba guhabwa ishingiro, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 54 y’Itegeko Nº 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 yibukijwe haruguru, uru Rukiko rukemeza ko uru rubanza ku rwego rw’ubujurire rusibwa mu gitabo cy’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire,

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hakagumaho imikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe rwaciwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Musanze.

Ku byerekeye indishyi n’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa n’uregwa [17] Me Uhoraningoga Alexis uburanira Kadodo Bihire Samuel asaba kandi ko uwajuriye utitabye ategekwa kwishyura Kadodo Bihire Samuel amafaranga miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 Frw) y’indishyi zo gusiragizwa mu nkiko ku maherere, n’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kuri uru rwego.

UKO RUKIKO RUBIBONA [18] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ibikurikira: ʺIkirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ni ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe”. [19] Mu bigaragazwa n’isesengura ry’iyi ngingo harimo ko iyo ikirego cy’iremezo kitakiriho kuko kitakiririwe ku mpamvu iyo ari yo yose, nta kindi Urukiko rwasuzuma uretse gusa ibirebana no kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Muri urwo rwego, uru Rukiko rukaba rutagomba gusuzuma ibirebana n’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza kubera gusiragizwa mu nkiko, ahubwo rugasuzuma gusa ibirebana n’amafaranga asabwa kubera ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka asabwa kuri uru rwego. Mu gusuzuma ibirebana n’ayo mafaranga uru Rukiko rukaba rusanga, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko Nº22/2018 yibukijwe haruguru yibukijwe haruguru, amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka yasabwe na Kadodo Bihire Samuel afite ishingiro, Georges Nsangira Nsengimana akaba agomba gutegekwa kuyamwishyura, kuko uregwa yiyambaje Avoka wo kumuburanira urubanza kuri uru rwego ndetse akagira

ibyo atakaza arukurikirana. Mu bushishozi bwarwo Urukiko rurasanga amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) asaba ari yo akwiye kuri uru rwego, yiyongera ku bindi yagenewe n’Urukiko Rukuru mu rubanza rwajuririwe. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [20] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’ubujurire RCA 00003/2024/CA cyatanzwe na Georges Nsangira Nsengimana gisibwa muri uru Rukiko rw’Ubujurire; [21] Rutegetse Georges Nsangira Nsengimana kwishyura Kadodo Bihire Samuel amafaranga ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 Frw) y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ikurikiranarubanza kuri uru rwego; [22] Ruvuze ko amafaranga yatanzweho igarama ry’urubanza na Georges Nsangira Nsengimana kuri uru rwego ahwanye n’ibyarukozwemo.