HABYARIMANA NABANDI v HABARUREMA N'ABANDI

HABYARIMANA NABANDI v HABARUREMA N'ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-07-01 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2022/HC/MUS - Collection: High Court

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HABYARIMANA N’ABANDI vs HABARUREMA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU URUGEREKO RWA MUSANZE – RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2022/HC/MUS (Mukamuhire; P.J., Gasore na Rutikanga J.) 15 Kamena 2023] Amategeko agenga ibimenyetso mu manza – Inyandiko – Inyandiko Mpeshabubasha (Procurration) – Ntabwo Inyandiko Mpeshabubasha (Procurration) igamije gucunga, guherekanya no kugurisha umutungo utimukanwa ari ngombwa ko ishyirwaho umukono na Noteri w’Ubutaka kugirango ibe yujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko. Amategeko agenga imanza z’imbonezamubano – Amasezerano – Amasezerano y’ubugure – Ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa – Amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa yakozwe mbere y’ iteka rya Minisitiri No 002/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwamo cyangwa mbere y’umurongo washyizweho n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga uteganya ko agomba gukorwa imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka, yashoboraga no gukorwa mu buryo mw’inyandiko bwite. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza, Habarurema na bagenzi be basaba urukiko gutegeka ko umutungo utimukanwa nº 1243 na 1241 wandikwa kuri Maniraguha kugira ngo harangizwe imanza RC00387/2018/TB/MUH, RCA00136/2019/TGI/MUS n’urubanza RCAA00004/2020/HC/MUS. Muri uru rubanza hagobokeshejwemo Baratsaritse na Habyarimana. Mu rubanza RC00497/2020/TB/MUH, Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cya Habarurema nta shingiro gifite. Habarurema ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urwo

rubanza, ajurira mu Rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, urukiko rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza rujuririrwa ihindutse, rwemeza ko amasezerano y’ubukode burambye afite UPI: 4/03/10/01/1243, yanditswe kuri Habyarimana ateshejwe agaciro, rutegeka ko uwo mutungo wandikwa kuri Maniraguha. Habyarimana ntiyanyuzwe n’icyemezo cyafashwe n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye, atanga ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko urwo rubanza rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane, asaba Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze, ko arirwo ruruburanisha. Habyarimana avuga ko basabye ko urubanza RCA00142/2021/TGI/MUS rusubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwemeje ko umutungo ufite UPI: 4/03/10/01/1243 wandukurwa kuri Habyarimana, ukandikwa kuri Maniraguha nta kimenyetso na kimwe rushingiyeho kigaragaza ko Habyarimana yagurishije Maniraguha ubutaka buburanwa, bityo asaba Urukiko gutegeka ko uriya murima uguma mu maboko ya Habyarimana. Mu kwisobanura kuri icyo kirego, Maniraguha avuga ko uwo ahagarariye atigeze atunga umutungo ufite no UPI 4/03/10/01/1243, ko nta masezerano y’ubugure yigeze agirana na Habyarimana, ngo iyo haba harabayeho ubugure buba bwarabereye imbere ya Notaire ushinzwe ubutaka. Avuga ko procuration yatanzwe na Uwihirwe ayiha umugabo we Maniraguha itahabwa gaciro kuko yakorewe imbere ya notaire usanzwe aho kuba notaire w’ubutaka. Habarurema avuga ko procuration yakozwe na Uwihirwe yakorewe imbere ya Notaire, bityo ko imitungo ivugwamo ari iya Uwihirwe na Maniraguha.

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Avuga kandi ko hari imwe mu mitungo ivugwa muri iyo procuration Maniraguha yamaze kugurisha Habarurema ndetse n’imanza zabaye kuri iriya mitungo zamaze kuba itegeko. Maniraguha akaba rero atahakana ibikubiye muri iriya procuration kandi bigaragara ko hari ibyo yemeye ndetse akanabishyira mu bikorwa. Bityo asaba urukiko kwemeza ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza RCA00142/2021/TGO/MSZ. Ku byerekeye no kumenya niba Procuration yatanzwe na Uwihirwe ayiha umugabo we Maniraguha ari ikimenyetso gihagije cyashingirwaho hakemezwa ko baguze umutungo uburanwa wahoze ari uwa Habyarimana, Urukiko rwemeje mu rubanza RS/INJUST/RC00010/2022/HC/MUS ko icyo kimenyetso kigomba guhabwa agaciro kuko yakoreswe imbere ya Noteri kandi ikaba yaranahawe agaciro mu zindi manza zabaye Itegeko. Bityo Urukiko rwemeza ubugure hagati ya Maniraguha na Habyarimana bukurikije amategeko, ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza rusubirishwamo. Incamake y’Icyemezo: 1. Ntabwo Inyandiko Mpeshabubasha (Procurration) igamije gucunga, guherekanya no kugurisha umutungo utimukanwa ari ngombwa ko ishyirwaho umukono na Noteri w’Ubutaka kugirango ibe yujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko. Bityo, Noteri uwo ariwe wese yashyiraho umukono ikaba yujuje ibyangombwa.

2. Amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa yakozwe mbere y’ iteka rya Minisitiri No 002/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwamo cyangwa mbere y’umurongo washyizweho n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga uteganya ko agomba gukorwa imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka, yashoboraga no gukorwa mu buryo mw’inyandiko bwite. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane nta shingiro gifite. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 3, 13, 108 Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 111 Nta manza zifashishijwe. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza, Habarurema Samuel asaba urukiko gutegeka ko umutungo utimukanwa nº 1243 na 1241 wandikwa kuri Maniraguha Andre kugira ngo harangizwe imanza RC00387/2018/TB/MUH, RCA00136/2019/TGI/MUS n’urubanza RCAA00004/2020/HC/MUS. Mu rubanza hagobokeshejwemo uwitwa Habyarimana Venantie na Baransaritse Emmanuel. Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cya Habarurema Samuel nta shingiro gifite.

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[2] Habarurema Samuel ntiyishimiye imikirize y’urubanza, ajurira mu rukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, urukiko rwemeza mu rubanza RCA00142/2021/TGI/MUS ko ubujurire bwa Habarurema bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe, rwemeza ko imikirize y’urubanza RC00497/2020/TB/MUH rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Muhoza ihindutse, rwemeza ko amasezerano y’ubukode burambye No UPI: 4/03/10/01/1243 hagati ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe n’Umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka na Habyarimana Venantie ateshejwe agaciro, rutegeka ko umutungo utimukanwa UPI: 4/03/10/01/1243 wandukurwa kuri Habyarimana Venantie, ukandikwa kuri Maniraguha André, rutegeka Habyarimana Venantie gusubiza Habarurema Samuel 500.000Frw y’igihembo cy’avoka na 100.000Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza. [3] Habyarimana Venantie ntiyanyuzwe n’icyemezo yafatiwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, atanga ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane, Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga yemeza ko ikirego cye gifite ishingiro, asaba Perezida w’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwa Musanze, ko uru rubanza ruburanishwa n’uru rukiko. [4] Uru rubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame kuwa 17/5/2023 ababuranyi bose bitabye urukiko uretse Baransaritse Emmanuel, ariko kuko yamenyeshejwe umunsi w’iburanisha mu buryo bwubahirije amategeko, urukiko rwemeje ko iburanisha rikomeza adahari. [5] Me Nsengimana Faustin ahagarariye Habyarimana Venantie yavuze ko basabye

ko urubanza RCA00142/2021/TGI/MUS rusubirwamo kubera impamvu z’akarengane kubera ko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwemeje ko umutungo ufite No UPI: 4/03/10/01/1243 wandukurwa kuri Habyarimana Venantie maze ukandikwa kuri Maniraguha Andre kandi nta kimenyetso na kimwe rushingiyeho kigaragaza ko Habyarimana Venantie yagurishije Maniraguha Andre buriya butaka, ko kubera iyo mpamvu asaba urukiko gutegeka ko uriya murima uguma mu maboko ya Habyarimana Venantie, ndetse n’amasezerano y’ubukode burambye ya buriya butaka hagati ya Leta na Habyarimana Venantie akagumana agaciro kayo kuko urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwari rwayatesheje agaciro. [6] Me Nizeyimana Leopold ahagarariye Maniraguha Andre yavuze ko uwo ahagarariye atigeze atunga umutungo ufite No UPI 4/03/10/01/1243, ko nta masezerano y’ubugure yigeze agirana na Habyarimana Venantie, ngo iyo haba harabayeho ubugure buba bwarabereye imbere ya Notaire ushinzwe ubutaka. Yavuze kandi ko iriya Procuration yatanzwe na Uwihirwe Janviere ayiha umugabo we Maniraguha Andre atari ikimenyetso cy’ukuri cyashingirwaho, cyane ko yakorewe imbere ya notaire usanzwe aho kuba notaire w’ubutaka nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka No 002/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwamo. Yavuze kandi ko bashyize muri dosiye Jurisprudence y’urukiko rw’Ikirenga igaragaza uko umuhango wo guhindurirwa ibyangombwa by’ubutaka ukorwa. [7] Me

Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yavuze ko procuration yakozwe na Uwihirwe Janviere yakorewe imbere ya Notaire, iyo rero Habyarimana Venantie aba atayemera aba yaratanze ikirego cyo kuyitesha agaciro nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 13 y’itegeko ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo. Yasobanuye ko umukozi wa Leta atari gushyira umukono kuri iriya procuration atabanje kugaragarizwa ibimenyetso byemeza ko imitungo ivugwa mo ari iya Uwihirwe Janviere na Maniraguha Andre. Yavuze kandi ko Habimana Venantie atigeze avuga icyo apfa na Uwihirwe Janviere cyatuma we n’umugabo we

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bibaruzaho umurima we batarawuguze mu by’ukuri. Ikindi yavuze nuko mu mwaka wa 2015 ubwo Uwihirwe Janviere yakoze iriya procuration ba notaire b’ubutaka batari bakabayeho ariyo mpamvu yakorewe imbere ya notaire usanzwe. [8] Me Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yakomeje avuga ko nta nyungu Uwihirwe Janviere yari kuba afite yo guha umugabo we uburenganzira bwo gucunga no kugurisha imitungo itari iyabo mu by’ukuri. Ikindi kandi ngo ikigaragaza ko iriya Procuration Uwihirwe yakoreye umugabo we ari iy’ukuri, nuko imwe mu mitungo ivugwa muri iriya nyandiko ifite nimero UPI 1245 na UPI 1246 Maniraguha Andre yamaze kuyigurisha Habarurema Samuel ndetse n’imanza zabaye kuri iriya mitungo zamaze kuba itegeko. Bikaba rero bitumvikana ukuntu Maniraguha Andre yahakana ibikubiye muri iriya procuration kandi bigaragara ko hari ibyo yemeye ndetse akanabishyira mu bikorwa, byumvikanisha ko ibikubiye muri iriya procuration byose ari ukuri, bikaba bigomba guhabwa agaciro. Yasoje asaba urukiko kwemeza ko nta karengane kabaye mu rubanza RCA00142/2021/TGO/MSZ. [9] Mu nama ntegurarubanza, Baransaritse Emmanuel ntiyigeze asubiza ku myanzuro y’ikirego ya Habyarimana Venantie kandi yari ahari, naho mu iburanisha ry’urubanza mu mizi, ho ntiyitabye urukiko kandi atanamenyesheje impamvu yabimuteye. [10] Me Nsengimana Faustin ahagarariye Habyarimana Venantie yasabye urukiko gusuzuma no kwemeza ko

uwo ahagarariye yasubizwa 600.000Frws y’indishyi yamaze kwishyura Habarurema Samuel yubahiriza ibyategetswe n’urukiko mu rubanza RCA00142/2021/TGI/MUS kuko ngo atagombaga kuyatanga. [11] Me Nizeyimana Leopold ahagarariye Maniraguha Andre ntacyo yavuze ku ndishyi zasabwe na Habyarimana Venantie. [12] Me Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yavuze ko ariya 600.000Frws y’indishyi Habarurema Samuel yahawe na Habyarimana Venantie atagomba kuyasubiza kubera ko harangizwaga urubanza yamutsinzemo. [13] Me Nsengimana Faustin ahagarariye Habyarimana Venantie yasabye urukiko gutegeka Habarurema Samuel kumugenera indishyi ziteye zitya : Indishyi z’akababaro n’iz’ikurikiranarubanza : 1.000.000Frws Igihembo cya Avocat (ku rwego rwa mbere): 500.000Frws; Igihembo cya Avocat (mu bujurire): 500.000Frws. [14] Me Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yavuze ko nta ndishyi Habyarimana Venantie akwiye guhabwa kuko ariwe nyirabayazana w’izi manza. Yavuze kandi ko kuba Habyarimana Venantie adasaba Maniraguha Andre indishyi bigaragaza amayeri bombi bakoze yo gushaka guhisha umutungo uburanwa. [15] Me Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yakoze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba urukiko kuzategeka Habyarimana Venantie guha Habarurema Samuel indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 1.000.000Frws na 1.000.000Frws z’igihembo cya Avocat ku bwo kumukurura mu manza z’amaherere.

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[16] Me Nsengimana Faustin ahagarariye Habyarimana Venantie yavuze ko indishyi zisabwe n’uhagarariye Habarurema Samuel nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko nta kimenyetso berekana ko Habyarimana Venantie yagurishije umutungo we, ahubwo ko babangamiye uburenganzira bwe kuko bamubuza kubyaza umutungo we umusaruro. [17] Me Nizeyimana Leopold ahagarariye Maniraguha Andre yasabye urukiko gutegeka Habarurema Samuel guha uwo ahagarariye indishyi ziteye zitya: 4.000.000Frws y’indishyi z’akababaro ; 500.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat mu rukiko rw’Ibanze; 1.000.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat mu Rukiko Rukuru; 600.000Frws y’ikurikiranarubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze no mu Rukiko Rukuru, indishyi zose hamwe zikaba 6.100.000Frws. [18] Me Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yavuze ko indishyi uhagarariye Maniraguha Andre asabye nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko Habarurema Samuel nawe araregwa siwe wareze muri uru rubanza, ko indishyi yagombaga kuzisaba uwareze ari we Habyarimana Venantie. Yakomeje avuga ko akagambane ka Habyarimana Venantie na Maniraguha Andre gakomeje kugaragazwa nuko buri wese yanga gusaba mugenzi we indishyi kuko nta kibazo bafitanye. Urukiko rugiye gusuzuma ibibazo bikurikira : Kumenya niba Procuration yatanzwe na Uwihirwe Janviere ayiha umugabo we Maniraguha Andre ari ikimenyetso gihagije cyashingirwaho hakemezwa ko baguze umutungo UPI 4/03/10/01/1243 wahoze ari uwa

Habyarimana Venantie ; Kumenya niba indishyi zasabwe muri uru rubanza zifite ishingiro. II. ISESENGURA RY’IBIBAZO BIGIZE URUBANZA: Ibyerekeye kumenya niba Procuration yatanzwe na Uwihirwe Janviere ayiha umugabo we Maniraguha Andre ari ikimenyetso gihagije cyashingirwaho hakemezwa ko baguze umutungo UPI 4/03/10/01/1243 wahoze ari uwa Habyarimana Venantie: [19] Ingingo ya 3 y’Itegeko No 15/2004 ryo kuwa 12/6/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso mu manza n’itangwa ryabyo iteganya ko buri muburanyi agomba kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyo aburana. Ingingo ya 13 (1) y’itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko inyandikomvaho ikemura impaka kuri bose mu byerekeye ibiyivugwamo umukozi wa Leta ubigenewe yabereye umuhamya cyangwa yakoze ariko atarengeje ibyo yari ashinzwe gukora. Ibivuzwe muri iyo nyandikomvaho ntawe ushobora kubihakana, keretse biramutse bikurikiranywe mu rubanza rushinja icyaha cyo kubeshya mu nyandikomvaho cyangwa umuburanyi aregeye ko iyo nyandikomvaho ari impimbano. Ingingo ya 108 y’itegeko ryavuzwe haruguru iteganya ko ibimenyetso bicukumbuwe no gusesengura urubanza ni ibimenyetso bitacukumbuwe n’amategeko, bicukumburwa n’ubwenge n’ubushishozi bw’abacamanza. Abacamanza bagomba kwemera gusa ibyo bimenyetso iyo bikomeye, bisobanuye kandi bihuje.

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[20] Me Nsengimana Faustin ahagarariye Habyarimana Venantie yavuze ko mu rubanza RCA00142/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 17/05/2021, urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Musanze rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Habarurema Samuel bufite ishingiro kuri bimwe rushingiye kuri procuration ya Uwihirwe Janviere aho yahaye umugabo we Maniraguha Andre uburenganzira bwo gucunga no kugurisha imitungo inyuranye baguze, harimo n’umutungo UPI: 4/03/10/01/1243, ariko ngo iyi procuration ntiyari ikwiye gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubugure bw’ubutaka hagati ya Habyarimana Venantie na Maniraguha Andre kuko nta masezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka bagaragaza yabaye hagati yabo, ikindi ngo iriya procuration ntiyakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka nk’uko biteganywa n’ingingo ya 34 y’Iteka rya Minisitiri No 002/2008 rigena uburyo iyandikisha ry’ubutaka rikorwamo, ikindi kandi ngo hari Jurisprudence y’urukiko rw’ikirenga igaragaza ko amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka adakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka nta gaciro agira. Yasabye urukiko kwemeza ko habayeho akarengane, ko ubutaka buburanwa bukwiye kongera bukandikwa kuri Habyarimana Venantie kuko ari ubwe atigeze abugurisha Maniraguha Andre. [21] Me Nizeyimana Leopold ahagarariye Maniraguha Andre yavuze ko umutungo ufite nimero UPI : 4/03/10/01/1243 atigeze awutunga, ko atawuguze na Habyarimana Venantie, ko iyo bawugura baba baragiye gusinyira amasezeramo imbere ya Noteri, nyamara ko

atariko byagenze. [22] Me Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yavuze ko Habyarimana Venantie yeretswe iriya procuration yakozwe na Uwihirwe Janviere nyamara ntiyigeze atanga ikirego cyo kuyitesha agaciro niba yarabonaga ko itavugisha ukuri. Yavuze kandi ko umukozi wa Leta atari gushyira umukono kuri iriya nyandiko atabanje kugenzura niba imitungo iri muri iriya procuration ari iya Uwihirwe Janviere na Maniraguha Andre. Ikindi kandi ngo Habyarimana Venantie ntiyabashije kugaragaza niba hari icyo apfa na Uwihirwe Janviere n’umugabo we cyari gutuma bibaruzaho umutungo we. Yasoje asaba urukiko kwemeza ko iriya procuration Uwihirwe Janviere yahaye Maniraguha Andre igumanye agaciro kayo no kwemeza ko umutungo uburanwa wandikwa kuri Maniraguha Andre. [23] Mu gusesengura dosiye urukiko rwasanze harimo inyandiko itanga uburenganzira (Procuration) yakozwe na Uwihirwe Janviere aha umugabo we Maniraguha Andre uburenganzira bwo gukora ihererekanya (mutation) ku mitungo itimukanwa baguze, kuyicunga no kuyigurisha mu gihe bibaye ngombwa. Muri iriya nyandiko yashyizeho urutonde rw’imitungo ikurikira n’abo bayiguze nabo : Umurima No 1246 baguze na Nayine Speciose; Umurima No 1245 baguze na Ndahayo Oscar na Nyinawabasindi Delphine; Umurima No 1243 baguze na Habyarimana Venantie; Umurima No 1262 baguze na Mugabozisunga Emmanuel na Nzamwitakuze Leocadie; Umurima No 1224 baguze na Baransaritse Emmanuel na Nirere Francine ; Umurima No 3434 baguze na Baziruwiha Jean Bosco na Nyirasine Marie Josee [24] Urukiko rwasanze muri dosiye harimo imanza RC00387/2018/TB/MUH rwaciwe kuwa 07/10/2019 n’urubanza RCA00136/2019/TGI/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 05/11/2020, muri izi manza

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zombi Habarurema Samuel yaregaga Maniraguha Andre ko yamugurishije imirima No 1245 na No 1246, asaba urukiko gutegeka ko iriya mirima imwandikwaho kuko yari yarayiguze na Maniraguha Andre, uyu nawe yarayiguze na Nayino Speciose(1246) na Ndahayo Oscar na Nyinawabasindi Delphine (No 1245) ariko akaba yarayigurishije Habarurema Samuel atarabanje kuyiyandikishaho. Inkiko zemeje ko iriya mirima yombi yandikwa kuri Habarurema Samuel kandi urubanza rwabaye itegeko ndetse rwamaze no kurangizwa. [25] Ibimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, bigaragaza ko Maniraguha Andre ashingiye kuri iriya procuration yahawe na Uwihirwe Janviere, aho yamuhaye uburenganzira bwo gukora ihererekanya, gucunga cyangwa se kugurisha mu gihe bibaye ngombwa imitungo baguze, yagurishije iriya mirima yavuzwe haruguru, byumvikanisha rero ko ibikubiye muri iriya nyandiko ari ukuri, ko imirima Uwihirwe yavuze ko baguze bayiguze koko, cyane ko na bariya bahoze ari ba nyirayo, Nayino Speciose na Ndahayo Oscar na Nyinawabasindi Delphine bagobokeshejwe muri ziriya manza batigeze bahakana ko bayigurishije Maniraguha Andre n’umugore we Uwihirwe Janviere. [26] Hashingiwe ku byavuzwe haruguru, urukiko rurabona ko kuba Uwihirwe Janviere yaravuze ko umurima No 1243 bawuguze na Habyarimana Venantie ari ukuri, kuko bibaye atari ukuri wakwibaza aho Uwihirwe Janviere yaba yarakuye iriya nimero y’umurima wa Habyarimana Venantie

niba batarawuguze koko, wakwibaza kandi impamvu yaba yaratumye avanga imirima baguze n’iyo bataguze, yose agaha umugabo we uburenganzira bwo kuyikorera ihererekanya, kuyicunga no kuyigurisha mu gihe bibaye ngombwa. [27] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa haruguru byose no ku biteganywa na ziriya ngingo z’itegeko zavuzwe haruguru, urukiko rurabona iriya nyandiko itanga uburenganzira yanditswe na Uwihirwe Janviere ayandikira umugabo we Maniraguha Andre, igashyirwaho umukono na Noteri, kandi bimwe mu biyikubiyemo bikaba byaragaragaye ko ari ukuri mu manza RC00387/2018/TB/MUH rwaciwe kuwa 07/10/2019 n’urubanza RCA00136/2019/TGI/MUS rwaciwe kuwa 05/11/2020, ari ikimenyetso gicukumbuwe kigaragaza ko n’uriya murima ufite No UPI 1243 Maniraguha Andre yawuguze na Habyarimana Venantie nubwo nta masezerano y’ubugure agaragara kandi bakaba batarakoze ihererekanya. [28] Kuba Habyarimana Venantie na Maniraguha Andre n’abunganizi babo bavuga ko iriya procuration idakwiye gufatwaho ukuri kuko itashyizweho umukono na noteri ushinzwe ubutaka, urukiko rurabona nta shingiro byahabwa kubera ko aho bisabwa ko Noteri ushinzwe ubutaka ariwe uhesha agaciro inyandiko ari mu byerekeye amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa, aha rero icyari kigamijwe muri iriya nyandiko yanditswe na Uwihirwe Janviere cyari uguha umugabo we Maniraguha Andre uburenganzira bwo gukora ihererekanya (mutation), gucunga cyangwa

se kugurisha mu gihe bibaye ngombwa umutungo utimukanwa ugizwe n’ubutaka baguze n’abantu banyuranye nk’uko amazina yabo agaragara muri iriya nyandiko. Iyi nyandiko kugirango ihabwe agaciro byasabaga umukono wa Noteri wemewe na Leta uwo ari we wese atari ngombwa Noteri w’ubutaka. [29] Me Nsengimana Faustin ahagarariye Habyarimana Venantie yasabye urukiko kwemeza ko iriya procuration Uwihirwe Janviere yahaye umugabo we idashobora gufatwaho ikimenyetso cy’uko Habyarimana Venantie yagurishije Maniraguha Andre umurima ufite No UPI 1243 kuko nta masezerano y’ubugure yakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka bagaragaza nk’uko byemejwe

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n’urukiko rw’Ikirenga mu manza rwaciye, asaba urukiko kuzashingira ku rubanza RS/INJUST/RC 00010/2019/SC rwaciwe kuwa 25/9/2020 maze rukemeza ko iriya procuration nta gaciro ikwiye guhabwa. [30] Urukiko rwasesenguye ruriya rubanza rwavuzwe mu gika kibanziriza iki ndetse n’izindi ziri mu murongo umwe narwo, rusanga muri bene ziriya manza ikiba kigirwaho impaka ari ukumenya niba amasezerano y’ubugure bw’umutungo utimukanwa (ubutaka) yabayeho afite agaciro cyangwa niba atagafite, hakemezwa rero ko amasezerano y’ubugure atakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka nta gaciro agomba guhabwa. [31] Hashingiwe ku bimaze kuvugwa mu gika kibanziriza iki, urukiko rurabona iyi jurisprudence itakwifashishwa muri uru rubanza kuko igisuzumwa atari amasezerano y’ubugure bw’ubutaka yabaye hagati ya Manirahuga Andre na Habyarimana Andre kuko ntayo agaragara muri dosiye ahubwo ni ukumenya niba ibyavuzwe na Uwihirwe Janviere muri iriya nyandiko itanga uburenganzira (procuration) ari ukuri kandi urukiko rwamaze kugaragaza haruguru ko ibiyivugwamo ari ukuri kubera ko Uwihirwe Janviere ari umugore wa Maniraguha Andre, akaba yari azi neza imitungo baguze n’abo bayiguze nabo, ibi bikaba nta mpaka zabigibwagaho ahubwo yashakaga guha umugabo we uburenganzira bwo kuzakora ihererekanya, gucunga cyangwa se kugurisha imwe muri iyo mitungo mu gihe byazaba ngombwa, akaba rero nta mpamvu n’imwe igaragazwa na

Habyarimana Venantie yari gutuma Uwihirwe ashyira muri iriya nyandiko umurima ufite No UPI 1243 niba koko baba batarawuguze. Ikindi gishimangira ko ibikubiye muri iriya nyandiko ari ukuri nuko hari imanza zemeje ko umutungo UPI 1245 na UPI 1246 ari iya Maniraguha Andre nk’uko byemejwe na Uwihirwe Janviere muri iriya nyandiko, akaba yarayigurishije na Habarurema Samuel nk’uko yabiherewe uburenganzira n’umugore we Uwihirwe Janviere. Ibi rero byumvikanisha nta shiti ko imitungo yose ivugwa muri iriya procuration ari iya Uwihirwe Janviere n’umugabo we Maniraguha Andre baguze na ba nyirayo nk’uko amazina yabo agaragara neza muri iriya nyandiko, harimo n’umurima UPI 1243 baguze na Habyarimana Venantie. [32] Urukiko rurasanga Habyarimana Venantie yaravuze na none ko hadakwiye kwemezwa ko yagurishije ubutaka bwe kuko ngo nta bugure bwakorewe imbere ya Noteri w’ubutaka, ibi akabivuga ashingiye ku manza zaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ndetse n’Iteka rya Minisitiri rigena imyandikishirize y’ubutaka ryo mu mwaka wa 2008, nyamara mbere y’uko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rushyiraho umurongo ugomba gukurikizwa mu gukemura impaka zerekeye ubugure bw’ubutaka, hari ubugure bwahabwaga agaciro kabone n’ubwo bwabaga butakorewe imbere ya Noteri. Muri uru rubanza ntihigeze hagaragazwa igihe Habyarimana Venantie yagurishirije ubutaka bwe ngo harebwe niba haragombaga kubahirizwa uyu murongo cyangwa Iteka rya

Minisitiri ryawubanjirije. Bityo rero, ibyemejwe haruguru by’uko uwanditse procuration yanditse ubutaka bw’umuryango we kuko yari azi neza ko babuguze ni byo bikwiye kugumana agaciro. Kumenya niba indishyi zasabwe muri uru rubanza zifite ishingiro: [33] Ingingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi iteganya ko ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza ari ikirego gishamikira ku kirego cy’iremezo kigamije kwishyuza ibyakoreshejwe mu rubanza. Ikirego cy’amafaranga y’ikurikiranarubanza kiburanishirizwa rimwe n’ikirego cy’iremezo. Gishobora kandi kwakirwa kikanaburanishwa n’iyo ikirego cy’iremezo cyaba kitakiriwe.

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[34] Me Nsengimana Faustin ahagarariye Habyarimana Venantie yasabye urukiko gusuzuma no kwemeza ko uwo ahagarariye yasubizwa 600.000Frws y’indishyi yamaze kwishyura Habarurema Samuel yubahiriza ibyategetswe n’urukiko mu rubanza RCA00142/2021/TGI/MUS kuko ngo atagombaga kuyatanga. Yasabye kandi 1.000.000Frws y’indishyi z’akababaro n’iz’ikurikiranarubanza, 500.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat ku rwego rwa mbere na 500.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat mu bujurire. [35] Me Nizeyimana Leopold ahagarariye Maniraguha Andre ntacyo yavuze ku ndishyi zasabwe na Habyarimana Venantie. [36] Me Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yavuze ko ariya 600.000Frws y’indishyi Habarurema Samuel yahawe na Habyarimana Venantie atagomba kuyasubiza kubera ko harangizwaga urubanza yamutsinzemo. Yavuze kandi ko nta ndishyi Habyarimana Venantie akwiye guhabwa kuko ariwe nyirabayazana w’izi manza. [37] Hashingiwe ku byavuzwe haruguru, aho urukiko rwemeje ko ibikubiye mu nyandiko itanga uburenganzira Uwihirwe Janviere yandikiye umugabo we Maniraguha Andre amuha uburenganzira bwo gukora ihererekanya, gucunga no kugurisha mu gihe bibaye ngombwa imitungo itimukanwa (ubutaka) inyuranye irimo n’umurima No UPI 1243 baguze na Habyarimana Venantie, ari ukuri, urukiko rurabona indishyi Habyarimana Venantie asaba nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko bigaragara ko uriya murima nimero UPI 1243 Maniraguha Andre yawuguze

na Habyarimana Venantie, bityo ubujurire bwa Habyarimana Venantie bukaba nta shingiro bufite. [38] Me Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yakoze ubujurire bwuririye ku bundi asaba urukiko kuzategeka Habyarimana Venantie guha Habarurema Samuel indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza zingana na 1.000.000Frws na 1.000.000Frws z’igihembo cya Avocat ku bwo kumukurura mu manza z’amaherere. [39] Me Nsengimana Faustin ahagarariye Habyarimana Venantie yavuze ko indishyi zisabwe n’uhagarariye Habarurema Samuel nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko nta kimenyetso berekana ko Habyarimana Venantie yagurishije umutungo we, ahubwo ko babangamiye uburenganzira bwe kuko bamubuza kubyaza umutungo we umusaruro. [40] Hashingiwe ku byavuzwe haruguru, aho urukiko rwagaragaje ko ikirego cya Habyarimana Venantie nta shingiro gifite, urukiko rurabona indishyi zasabwe na Habarurema Samuel zifite ishingiro kuko hari ibyo yatakaje mu gukurikirana uru rubanza, akaba rero agomba kubisubizwa na Habyarimana Venantie wabaye nyirabayazana w’izi manza kandi ikirego cye kikaba cyagaragaye ko nta shingiro gifite. Icyakora kuko urukiko rwasanze indishyi yasabye ari ikirenga, rurabona agomba kugenerwa indishyi n’urukiko mu bushishozi bwarwo, agahabwa 250.000Frws gusa y’igihembo cya Avocat mu rwego rw’akarengane kuko ku rwego rw’ubujurire yari yagenewe 500.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat, ibi bikaba byubahirije ibiteganywa n’amabwiriza agena ibihembo mbonera by’abavoka. Akaba kandi agomba kugenerwa 100.000Frws y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza n’izo gushorwa mu manza z’amaherere. [41] Me Nizeyimana Leopold ahagarariye Maniraguha Andre yasabye urukiko gutegeka Habarurema Samuel guha uwo ahagarariye indishyi ziteye zitya :

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4.000.000Frws y’indishyi z’akababaro ; 500.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat mu rukiko rw’Ibanze ; 1.000.000Frws y’igihembo cya Avocat mu Rukiko Rukuru ; 600.000Frws y’ikurikiranarubanza mu Rukiko rw’Ibanze no mu Rukiko Rukuru, indishyi zose hamwe zikaba 6.100.000Frws. [42] Me Nyungura Joseph ahagarariye Habarurema Samuel yavuze ko indishyi uhagarariye Maniraguha Andre asabye nta shingiro zikwiye guhabwa kuko Habarurema Samuel nawe aregwa, atarega muri uru rubanza, ko indishyi yagombaga kuzisaba uwareze ari we Habyarimana Venantie. [43] Nk’uko byavuzwe n’uhagarariye Habarurema Samuel, uyu siwe wareze Maniraguha Andre, akaba rero atagomba kumuryoza indishyi z’ibyo yatakaje mu rubanza kandi atari we wamukuruye mu manza. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO: [44] Urukiko rwemeje ko ikirego cyatanzwe na Habyarimana Venantie nta shingiro gifite. [45] Urukiko rwemeje ko nta karengane kari mu rubanza RCA00142/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, kuwa 17/05/2021 rwasabiwe gusubirwamo. [46] Rwemeje ko amasezerano y’ubukode burambye No UPI: 4/03/10/01/1243 hagati ya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ihagarariwe n’Umubitsi w’impapuro mpamo z’ubutaka na Habyarimana Venantie ateshejwe agaciro. [47] Urukiko rutegetse ko umutungo utimukanwa UPI: 4/03/10/01/1243 wandukurwa kuri Habyarimana Venantie ukandikwa kuri Maniraguha André. [48] Urukiko rutegetse Habyarimana Venantie guha Habarurema Samuel

250.000Frws y’indishyi z’igihembo cya Avocat mu rwego rw’akarengane na 100.000Frws y’indishyi z’ikurikiranarubanza no gushorwa mu manza ku maherere muri uru rwego. [49] Urukiko rutegetse ko imikirize y’urubanza RCA00142/2021/TGI/MUS rwaciwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Musanze, kuwa 17/05/2021, ihindutse ku byerekeye indishyi gusa. [50] Urukiko rutegetse ko ingwate y’amagarama y’urubanza yatanzwe na Habyarimana Venantie ihwanye n’ibyakozwe muri uru rubanza.