HITIMANA v BINENWA NABANDI

HITIMANA v BINENWA NABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2023-05-12 - Case/document no.: RS/INJUST/RC 00016/2021/SC - Collection: Supreme Court

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HITIMANA v BINENWA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA - RS/INJUST/RC 00016/2021/SC (Nyirinkwaya, P.J, Karimunda, Hitiyaremye, J.) 12 Gicurasi 2023] Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imiburanishirize y’imanza – Kureka ikirego - Kureka ikirego ni ukwiyambura ububasha bwo kuburana, ibyo bikajyana no kwiyambura uburenganzira umuntu yari afite bwo gukomeza gukurikirana icyo kirego. Ukwemera k’undi muburanyi si ngombwa. Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 122. Amategeko y’imanza mbonezamubano – Imiburanishirize y’imanza – Ingaruka zo kureka ikirego - Uretse ikirego cyangwa urubanza ashobora gucibwa amafaranga y’amagarama cyangwa igihembo cy’ Avoka n’andi yose yatanzwe n’uwo yari yareze mu gukurikirana urubanza. Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 124. Incamake y’ikibazo: Uwitwa Binenwa yagurishije Hitimana ikibanza gifite No 05/361 nyuma yo guhabwa uburenganzira mu rubanza N° RC 0182/07/TB/JMBA bwo gucunga imitungo ya murumuna we Gashegu wapfuye mu mwaka wa 1994, no kugurisha icyo kibanza. Icyo kibanza cyaje kugurwa na Hitimana ariko ntihaba ihererekanya mutungo bitewe nuko ngo Hitimana yahise abura. Binenwa yaje kugenda ariko asiga ahaye uburenganzira uwitwa

Bazimaziki bwo kongera kumugurishiriza icyo kibanza kuko Hitimana atubahirije amasezerano ngo yishyure amafaranga yose, ariko akaba yaragombaga gusubizwa amafaranga yatanze; nuko kigurishwa Kabanda. Nzabarankize yaregeye urukiko arusaba gukuraho icyemezo rwafashe. Nyuma y’imanza zitandukanye byaje kurangira Nzabarankize asubijwe umutungo we, ashaka undi uwucunga ariko anemera ubugure bwa Kabanda. Hitimana yareze Nzabarankize mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, arusaba kwemeza ubugure bw’ikibanza No 05/361 bwo ku itariki ya 12/11/2007 bwabaye hagati ye na Binenwa kuko bukurikije amategeko, ndetse anasaba guhatira Nzabarankize kurangiza ibikubiye mu masezerano y’ubwo bugure atararangijwe na Binenwa wari umuhagarariye. Muri urwo rubanza yagobokeshejemo Binenwa na Kabanda, Urukiko rwemeza ko ikirego cya Hitimana nta shingiro gifite, ajurira mu Rukiko rukuru narwo rwemeza ko ubujurire nta shingiro bufite. Hitimana yandikiye Urwego rw’umuvunyi asaba kurenganurwa hanyuma Umuvunyi Mukuru yandikira Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amugaragariza akarengane. Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwaje guca urwo rubanza ariko mu gihe iburanisha ryari ritangiye haza kugaragara inyandiko y’amasezerano y’ubwumvikane yakozwe hagati ya Havugimana na Hitimana, muri ayo masezerano Hitimana akaba yaremeye kureka ikirego. Muri uru rubanza, hasuzumwe niba Hitimana yakwemererwa kureka ikirego n’ingaruka zabyo. Urega avuga ko aretse ikirego kuko ikibazo yari afite cyakemutse mu bwumvikane. Abaregwa bavuga ko ubwumvikane bwabaye hagati ya Hitimana na Havugimana nta ruhare babugizemo kandi ko no kureka ikirego ari uburenganzira bwe, ko ariko akwiye gucibwa indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza n’igihembo cy’Avoka.

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Incamake y’icyemezo: 1. Kureka ikirego ni ukwiyambura ububasha bwo kuburana, ibyo bikajyana no kwiyambura uburenganzira umuntu yari afite bwo gukomeza gukurikirana icyo kirego. Ukwemera k’undi muburanyi si ngombwa bityo Hitimana yemerewe kureka ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane kuko byakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko.

2. Uretse ikirego cyangwa urubanza ashobora gucibwa amafaranga y’amagarama cyangwa igihembo cya Avoka n’andi yose yatanzwe n’uwo yari yareze mu gukurikirana urubanza bityo Hitimana akaba agomba guha abaregwa indishyi z’igihembo cy’avoka naho indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zikaba zitagomba gutangwa kuko amafaranga yonyine ashobora gucibwa uwaretse ikirego ari ay’amagarama cyangwa igihembo cya Avoka n’andi yose yatanzwe n’uwo yari yareze mu gukurikirana urubanza, muri ayo indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zikaba zitarimo. Ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza N° RCA 0309/15/HC/ kwakozwe na Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc cyemewe n’Urukiko. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, ingingo ya 122, 124. Nta manza zifashishijwe Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Ku itariki ya 12/11/2007, uwitwa Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney yagurishije Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc ikibanza gifite no 05/361 kiri i Mburabuturo, mu Kagari ka Kinunga, Umurenge wa Gikondo, Akarere ka Kicukiro nyuma yo guhabwa uburenganzira mu rubanza n° RC 0182/07/TB/JMBA bwo gucunga imitungo ya murumuna we Gashegu Dismas wapfuye mu mwaka wa 1994, no kugurisha icyo kibanza. [2] Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc avuga ko mu gihe hagombaga gukorwa ihererekanyamutungo, Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney yaje

kubura ariko akaba yari yarasigiye uwitwa Bazankiziki Daphrose procuration ngo azongere amugurishirize icyo kibanza bwa kabiri, aribwo ku itariki ya 20/07/2013, uyu yakigurishije uwitwa Kabanda Cyprien. [3] Hagati aho habaye imanza nyinshi zishingiye ku rubanza N° RC 0182/07/TB/JMBA rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Jomba rwari rwarahaye Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney uburenganzira bwo gucunga imitungo ya Gashegu Dismas, kuko umugore we Nzabarankize Ancille nawe yaregeye urwo Rukiko arusaba gukuraho icyemezo rwafashe. Nyuma y’imanza zitandukanye byaje kurangira Nzabarankize Ancille asubijwe umutungo we, ashaka undi uwucunga ariko anemera ubugure bwa Kabanda Cyprien.

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[4] Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc yareze Nzabarankize Ancille mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, arusaba kwemeza ubugure bw’ikibanza no 05/361 bwo ku itariki ya 12/11/2007 bwabaye hagati ye na Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney kuko bukurikije amategeko, ndetse anasaba guhatira Nzabarankize Ancille kurangiza ibikubiye mu masezerano y’ubwo bugure atararangijwe na Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney wari umuhagarariye. Muri urwo rubanza yagobokeshejemo Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney na Kabanda Cyprien, urubanza ruhabwa no RC 0719/14/TGI/NYGE. [5] Ku itariki ya 28/05/2015, Urukiko rwaciye urubanza N° RC 0719/14/TGI/NYGE, rwemeza ko ikirego cya Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc nta shingiro gifite, rumutegeka guha Nzabarankize Ancille 1.000.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka ndetse n’ikurikiranarubanza. [6] Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru. Ku itariki ya 29/02/2016, urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza N° RCA 0309/15/HC/KIG rwemeza ko nta gihindutse ku mikirize y’urubanza rwajuririwe, rumutegeka kwishyura Kabanda Cyprien na Nzabarankize Ancille buri wese 500.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza. [7] Mu gufata icyo cyemezo, Urukiko rwashingiye ku mpamvu zikurikira: • Kuba ubugure bwombi bwarakozwe mu rwego rwo kugira ngo hashyirwe mu bikorwa icyemezo cy’Urukiko N° RC 0182/07/TB/JMBA hagambiriwe gusana imwe mu mitungo, kwishyura imisoro ya Leta

n’ibindi; • Kuba amasezerano ya mbere atarubahirijwe bitewe ni uko Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc yayakoze akagenda akabura, bituma ikibanza kigurishwa undi ariko hari igitekerezo ko uwaguze mbere nagaruka azasubizwa amafaranga ye; • Kuba Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc atakwitwaza amakosa ye ngo ahabwe ibyo yasabye, ko ahubwo ubugure bwa kabiri aribwo bwasigaraho kuko bwakozwe hatangwa ikiguzi cyose uko cyumvikanyweho.

[8] Ku itariki ya 20/08/2017, Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc yandikiye Urwego rw’Umuvunyi asaba gusubirishamo urubanza N° RCA 0309/15/HC/KIG ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Nyuma yo gusesengura urwo rubanza, ku itariki ya 31/01/2019, Urwego rw’Umuvunyi rwandikiye Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rumusaba ko rwasubirwamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane. Perezida w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga amaze gusuzuma raporo yakozwe n’Ubugenzuzi kuri urwo rubanza, yemeje ko rwongera kuburanishwa ruhabwa N° RS/INJUST/RC 00016/2021/SC. [9] Iburanisha ryabereye mu ruhame ku itariki ya 23/01/2023, Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc ahagarariwe na Me Mukarusanga Florence afatanyije na Me Mukandori Brigitte, Nzabarankize Ancille ahagarariwe na Me Niyodusenga Gérald, Kabanda Cyprien ahagarariwe na Me Idahemuka Tharcisse, Havugimana Emile wagobotse ku bushake avuga ko ariwe ufite umutungo uburanwa, ahagarariwe na Me Nkurunziza François Xavier, naho Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney atitabye atanahagarariwe kuko Me Habyarimana Christine wari umuhagarariye yaje gupfa.

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[10] Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cyo gusubika iburanisha kugira ngo Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney ahamagazwe ahatazwi. Nyuma yo kumenyeshwa kandi ko ikiburanwa cyatanzweho ingwate muri COGEBANQUE, Urukiko rwafashe icyemezo cyo kuyigobokesha kugira ngo hatazavaho hafatwa icyemezo ku mutungo ifiteho ubugwate kandi itarabaye mu rubanza, runategeka ko habaho itambama ku mutungo uburanwa kugira ngo utazakomeza guhererekanywa kandi uri mu makimbirane. [11] Hagati aho ku itariki ya 17/02/2023, muri dosiye hashyizwemo amasezerano yo kurangiza urubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00016/2021/SC mu bwumvikane yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 15/02/2023 hagati ya Havugimana Emile na Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc ahagarariwe na Me Mukandori Brigitte. Muri dosiye kandi hashyizwemo icyemezo cyerekana ko Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney yapfuye (death certificate) ku itariki ya 03/01/2021. [12] Urubanza rwongeye kuburanishwa mu ruhame ku itariki ya 19/04/2023, Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc ahagarariwe na Me Mukandori Brigitte, abandi baburanyi bahagarariwe nka mbere, naho Binenwa Jean Marie Vianney we bigaragara ko yapfuye hashingiwe kuri death certificate yashyizwe muri dosiye. [13] Urukiko rwamenyesheje abari mu rubanza ko rwabonye amasezerano y’ubwumvikane yakozwe hagati ya Havugimana Emile na Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc ahagarariwe na Me Mukandori Brigitte, muri ayo masezerano Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc akaba

yaremeye kureka ikirego. [14] Ababuranyi bose bavuze ko bayabonye kandi bemera ibiyakubiyemo, ariko Me Idahemuka Tharcisse na Me Niyodusenga Gérald basaba Urukiko gutegeka Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc guha abo bahagarariye indishyi zigendanye n’amafaranga y’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza bakoresheje muri uru rubanza. [15] Ikibazo cyasuzumwe muri uru rubanza ni ukumenya niba Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc yakwemererwa kureka ikirego hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubwumvikane yakoranye na Havugimana Emile n’ingaruka zabyo. II. IKIBAZO KIGIZE URUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA

RYACYO  Kumenya niba Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc

yakwemerwa kureka ikirego n’ingaruka zabyo. [16] Ku itariki ya 15/02/2023, Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc ahagarariwe na Me Mukandori Brigitte yakoranye na Havugimana Emile amasezerano yo kurangiza urubanza mu bwumvikane, muri ayo masezerano Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc akaba yariyemeje kureka ikirego mu rubanza N° RS/INJUST/RC 00016/2021/SC. [17] Imbere y’uru Rukiko, Me Mukandori Brigitte uhagarariye Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc yashimangiye ibikubiye mu masezerano amaze kuvugwa, avuga ko aretse ikirego, ko ikibazo yari afite cyakemutse mu bwumvikane.

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[18] Me Idahemuka Tharcisse uburanira Kabanda Cyprien avuga ko ubwumvikane bwabaye hagati ya Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc na Havugimana Emile nta ruhare babugizemo kandi ko no kureka ikirego ari uburenganzira bwe, ko ariko akwiye gucibwa indishyi zingana na 5.000.000 Frw yo gushorwa mu manza na 1.000.000 Frw y’igihembo cy’Avoka zikagenerwa uwo aburanira kubera kumushora mu manza. [19] Me Niyodusenga Gérard uhagarariye Nzabarankize Ancille nawe avuga ko kureka ikirego ari uburenganzira bwa Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc, ko ariko kuba yarashoye Nzabarankize Ancille mu manza nta mpamvu agomba kubimuhera indishyi zingana 500.000 Frw y’ikurikiranarubanza n’igihembo cya Avoka kingana na 1.000.000 Frw. [20] Me Nkurunziza François Xavier uhagarariye Havugimana Emile avuga ko kureka ikirego ari uburenganzira bwa Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc, ariko agasaba Urukiko ko mu gufata icyemezo rwazakuraho itambama ryashyizwe ku mutungo wa Havugimana Emile mu kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe imicungire y’ubutaka. [21] Me Mukandoli Brigitte uhagarariye Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc avuga ko indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza zidakwiye gutangwa ku mpamvu zikurikira: • Ikirego cyageze muri uru Rukiko biturutse ku karengane Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc yagiriwe, kumuca indishyi byaba ari ukongera kumurenganya; • 38.000.000 Frw Nzabarankize Ancille yahawe na Kabanda Cyprien nyuma yo kumugurisha bwa kabiri yayabonyemo inyungu, bityo akaba nta zindi ndishyi yakagombye gusaba, ko icyo gihe iyo aza gusubiza Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc 4.000.000 Frw yatanze agura nawe icyo kibanza, uru rubanza ruba rutarabayeho; • Kabanda Cyprien ni we waguze nyuma ya Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc, kuba yarahise yongera akagurisha yabibonyemo inyungu, bityo nta zindi ndishyi yakagombye kongera guhabwa.

UKO URUKIKO RUBIBONA [22] Ingingo ya 122 y’Itegeko N°22/2018 ryo ku wa 29/04/2018 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’imbonezamubano, iz’ubucuruzi, iz’umurimo n’iz’ubutegetsi, iteganya ko kureka ikirego ari ukwiyambura ububasha bwo kuburana, ibyo bikajyana no kwiyambura uburenganzira umuntu yari afite bwo gukomeza gukurikirana icyo kirego. Ukwemera k’undi muburanyi si ngombwa. Ingingo ya 124, igika cya kabiri, y’iryo Tegeko, iteganya ko uretse ikirego cyangwa urubanza ashobora gucibwa amafaranga y’amagarama cyangwa igihembo cya Avoka n’andi yose yatanzwe n’uwo yari yareze mu gukurikirana urubanza. [23] Dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko ku itariki ya 15/02/2023, Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc watanze ikirego gisaba gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane yagiranye amasezerano yo kurangiza urubanza mu bwumvikane na Havugimana Emile wagobotse mu rubanza, muri ayo masezerano Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc akaba yariyemeje kureka ikirego.

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[24] Urukiko rurasanga kandi Me Mukandori Brigitte uhagarariye Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc yaremereye imbere y’uru Rukiko mu iburanisha ry’urubanza ryabaye ku itariki ya 19/04/2023 ibikubiye mu masezerano yavuzwe haruguru ashimangira ko basaba kureka ikirego. [25] Hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 122 y’Itegeko N° 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rurasanga Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc yemerewe kureka ikirego cyo gusubirishamo urubanza ku mpamvu z’akarengane yari yaratanze muri uru Rukiko kuko byakozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko. [26] Ku birebana n’indishyi zisabwa muri uru rubanza, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 124, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko rimaze kuvugwa, Urukiko rurasanga Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc agomba gutanga indishyi zikurikira: • 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko agomba guhabwa Kabanda Cyprien kuko 1.000.000 Frw asaba ari menshi. • 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka na 300.000 Frw agenwe mu bushishozi bw’Urukiko agomba guhabwa Nzabarankize Ancille kuko 1.000.000 Frw asaba ari menshi kandi atagaragaza ko ariyo yakoresheje mu gutegura urubanza. [27] Ku birebana n‘indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zisabwa na Kabanda Cyprien, Urukiko rurasanga ntazo agomba guhabwa kubera ko, hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 124, igika cya kabiri, y’Itegeko n° 22/2018 ryavuzwe haruguru, amafaranga yonyine ashobora gucibwa uwaretse ikirego ari ay’amagarama cyangwa igihembo cya Avoka

n’andi yose yatanzwe n’uwo yari yareze mu gukurikirana urubanza, muri ayo indishyi zo gushorwa mu manza zikaba zitarimo. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [28] Rwemeye ukureka ikirego cyo gusubirishamo ku mpamvu z’akarengane urubanza N° RCA 0309/15/HC/KIG rwaciwe n'Urukiko Rukuru ku itariki ya 29/02/2016 kwakozwe na Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc; [29] Rutegetse Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc kwishyura Kabanda Cyprien 500.000 Frw y’igihembo cya Avoka; [30] Rutegetse Hitimana Gendaneza Jean Luc kwishyura Nzabarankize Ancille 800.000 Frw akubiyemo ay’igihembo cya Avoka n’ay’ikurikiranarubanza. [31] Rwemeje ko itambama ryari ryarakozwe ku mutungo ufite N° UPI 1/03/03/03/64 rikuweho.