UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYONSENGA N’ABANDI

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYONSENGA N’ABANDI

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2022-10-05 - Case/document no.: RP 00010/2020/HC/KIG - Collection: High Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NIYONSENGA N’ABANDI [Rwanda URUKIKO RUKURU - RP 00010/2020/HC/KIG (Kamanzi, P.J., Murerehe na Nyirabagande, J.) 05 Ukwakira 2022] Amategeko agenga imanza z’inshinjabyaha – Itegeko riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange – Umugambi wo gukora icyaha – Kugira ngo uregwa ahamwe n’icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda n’ikwirakwiza ry’impuha zigamije kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu bihugu by’amahanga, Ubushinjacyaha bufite ishingano zo kugaragaza ko habayeho ibikorwa kandi ko uwabikoze yari agambiriye ingaruka zabyo. Incamake y’icyibazo: Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze ikirego buvuga ko nyuma yo kurangiza kaminuza mu ishami ry’Itangazamakuru mu 2016, Mutuyimana Jean Damascène yafunguye “IWACU T.V. ku muyoboro wa “youtube”, agaha Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste na Niyonsenga Schadrack akazi. Mu murimo wabo, bagiye banyuza kuri uwo muyoboro amakuru atandukanye bayakuye ku bindi bitangazamakuru birimo “Voice of Africa, Igihe.com, Royal TV na TV 10. Ubushinjacyaha bukavuga ko abaregwa bafataga umutwe w’inkuru (titre) n’amashusho bakabikora ku buryo bireshya abantu ariko bidafitanye isano n’imitwe y’inkuru bakoze, bagamije gukura abantu imitima, kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu bihugu by’amahanga, bashaka guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda. Abaregwa ntibahakana inkuru ariko bavuga ko batari bagamije guteza imvururu cyangwa gukura abantu imitima kandi ko

bazikuraga ku bindi bitangazamakuru bakaziha imitwe izikundisha abasomyi. Ku bimenyetso, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mutuyimana Jean Damascène, abazwa yemeye ko ari we watangije IWACU TV, yemera ko hari inkuru yanyujije ku mbuga nkoranyambaga akoresheje IWACU TV, izindi bakongeramo umunyu mu mutwe (titre) kugira ngo zikurure abantu, hari inkuru yanditse ku wa 20/09/2018 ifite umutwe ugira uti: “inyeshyamba zamaze kwigarurira Umurenge wa Nyabimata, zasabye abatazishaka guhunga”. Naho kuri Niyonsenga Schadrack na Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko, mu ibazwa yemeye ko yagiye atangaza inkuru zifite “titres” z’ibihuha, idahura n’ibivugwa mu nkuru babaga batangaje. Avuga kandi ko ku baregwa bose, hagaragara inkuru zatangajwe kuri IWACU TV mu majwi, kuri “youtube” naho ku bushake bwo gukora ibyaha, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko n’ubwo abaregwa bahakana ubushake bwo gukora icyaha, ariko mu mvugo zabo bigaragara ko bakoraga imitwe y’inkuru bazi neza ko zidahuye n’inkuru bagiye gutangaza, bagamije kureshya abasoma inkuru, kugira ngo binjize amafaranga menshi. Abaregwa bose bireguye bavuga ko abaregwa batahamwa n’icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda, kuko nk’uko bivugwa n’Ubushinjacyaha, icyari kigamijwe ari ukureshya abasomyi, ibi kandi bikaba byemewe mu mwuga w’itangazamakuru, kandi nta kimenyetso cy’uko bari bagamije gukura abantu

imitima cyangwa guteza imvururu muri rubanda. Bongeraho ko uretse ko n’umutwe ubwawo utagize inkuru, ariko inkuru banyuzaga kuri IWACU TV, zabaga zakuwe ku bindi bitangamakuru, bitigeze bikurikiranwa kuko zitigeze ziteza imvururu cyangwa intugunda muri rubanda cyangwa ngo zigire abo zakuye imitima cyane ko ibizivugwamo byanemejwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ababikoze bagahamwa n’ibyaha bakabihanirwa. Basoza basaba

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kurenganurwa kuko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza ubushake bwo gukora icyaha, ibigize icyaha bikaba bituzuye, kuko na bwo budahakana ko bahinduraga inkuru bagamije kureshya abasomyi. Incamake y’icyemezo: Kugira ngo uregwa ahamwe n’icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda n’ikwirakwiza ry’impuha zigamije kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu bihugu by’amahanga, Ubushinjacyaha bufite ishingano zo kugaragaza ko habayeho ibikorwa kandi ko uwabikoze yari agambiriye ingaruka zabyo. Ikirego cyatanzwe n’ubushinjacyaha ntashingiro gifite. Amategeko yakoreshejwe: Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 111 na 107. Nta manza zashingiwe ho. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Nyuma yo kurangiza kaminuza mu ishami ry’Itangazamakuru mu 2016, Mutuyimana Jean Damascène yafunguye “IWACU T.V. ku muyoboro wa “youtube”, aha Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste na Niyonsenga Schadrack akazi. Mu murimo wabo, bagiye banyuza kuri uwo muyoboro amakuru atandukanye bayakuye ku bindi bitangazamakuru birimo “Voice of Africa, Igihe.com, Royal TV na TV 10. Ubushinjacyaha bukavuga ko abaregwa bafataga umutwe w’inkuru (titre) n’amashusho bakabikora ku buryo bireshya abantu ariko bidafitanye isano n’imitwe y’inkuru bakoze, bagamije gukura abantu imitima, kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu bihugu by’amahanga, bashaka guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri

rubanda. Abaregwa ntibahakana inkuru ariko bavuga ko batari bagamije guteza imvururu cyangwa gukura abantu imitima kandi ko bazikuraga ku bindi bitangazamakuru bakaziha imitwe izikundisha abasomyi. [2] Ku byaha abaregwa bakurikiranyweho, Uhagaraiye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mutuyimana Jean Damascène yafunguye IWACU TV ku muyoboro wa “Youtube (social media)”, hagatangwaho inkuru yakuye ku bindi binyamakuru, bigahabwa imitwe, zikura abaturwanda imitima bagamije kureshya abantu ngo basure iyo TV, kugira ngo abone amafaranga menshi. Kuri Niyonsenga Schadrack na Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, avuga ko bafatanyaga muri ibyo bikorwa, bagatangaza inkuru z’ibihuha, nk’ivuga ko “u Rwanda rwatangatanzwe haratutumba intambara, mu Rwanda hagiye kumeneka amaraso menshi; inyeshyamba zamaze kwigarurira Umurenge wa Nyabimata, zasabye abatazishaka guhunga; intambara ikomeje gututumba, RNC ya Museveni na Kayumba irakataje; ubwoba ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, Leta ifite ubwoba bwinshi; Minisitiri Nyirasafali ashyigikiye inda z’indaro mu mashuri, yavuguruje amabwiriza ya MINEDUC (Published by Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste on 15th June 2018).

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[3] Ku bimenyetso, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Mutuyimana Jean Damascène, abazwa yemeye ko ari we watangije IWACU TV, yemera ko hari inkuru yanyujije ku mbuga nkoranyambaga akoresheje IWACU TV, izindi bakongeramo umunyu mu mutwe (titre) kugira ngo zikurure abantu, hari inkuru yanditse ku wa 20/09/2018 ifite umutwe ugira uti: “inyeshyamba zamaze kwigarurira Umurenge wa Nyabimata, zasabye abatazishaka guhunga”. [4] Kuri Niyonsenga Schadrack na Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko, mu ibazwa yemeye ko yagiye atangaza inkuru zifite “titres” z’ibihuha, idahura n’ibivugwa mu nkuru babaga batangaje. Avuga kandi ko ku baregwa bose, hagaragara inkuru zatangajwe ku IWACU TV mu majwi, kuri “youtube”. [5] Ku bushake bwo gukora ibyaha, Ubushinjacyaha buvuga ko n’ubwo abaregwa bahakana ubushake bwo gukora icyaha, ariko mu mvugo zabo bigaragara ko bakoraga imitwe y’inkuru bazi neza ko zidahuye n’inkuru bagiye gutangaza, bagamije kureshya abasoma inkuru, kugira ngo binjize amafaranga menshi. Avuga ko babanzaga kuziganiraho, no kubitekerezaho, inkuru zanenzwe bakazikuraho; bikaba byari bigamije gukura abantu imitima, no kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu bihugu by’amahanga, bashaka guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugarararo; kandi hari abantu bagaragaje ko babangamiwe n’izo nkuru. [6] Mutuyimana Jean Damascene, Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Niyonsenga Schadrack,

Me Ndayambaje Gilbert afatanyije na Me Ibambe Jean Paul babunganira, bavuga ko abaregwa batahamwa n’icyaha cyo ku guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda, kuko nk’uko bivugwa n’Ubushinjacyaha, icyari kigamijwe ni ukureshya abasomyi, ibi kandi bikaba byemewe mu mwuga w’itangazamakuru, kandi nta kimenyetso cy’uko bari bagamije gukura abantu imitima cyangwa guteza imvururu muri rubanda. Bongeraho ko uretse ko n’umutwe ubwawo utagize inkuru, ariko inkuru banyuzaga kuri IWACU TV, zabaga zakuwe ku bindi bitangamakuru, bitigeze bikurikiranwa kuko zitigeze ziteza imvururu cyangwa intugunda muri rubanda cyangwa ngo zigire uwo zakuye imitima cyane ibizivugwamo byanemejwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire ababikoze bagahamwa n’ibyaha bakabihanirwa. [7] Basoza basaba kurenganurwa kuko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza ubushake bwo gukora icyaha, ibigize icyaha bikaba bituzuye, kuko na bwo budahakana ko bahinduraga inkuru bagamije kureshya abasomyi. Urukiko rurasuzuma niba kuba abaregwa bemera ko bakuraga inkuru ku bindi bitangazamakuru bakazitangaza ku IWACU TV bazihaye imitwe (titres) itavugisha ukuri, bigaragaza ko bari bagamije guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda. [8] Mutuyimana Jean Damascene, Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Niyonsenga Schadrack, Me Ndayambaje Gilbert afatanyije na Me Ibambe Jean Paul babunganira, bavuga ko batari gukurikiranwa ku cyaha cy’ikwiza

ry’impuha zigamije kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu bihugu by’amahanga kubera ko Itegeko Ngenga rigiteganya ryavuyeho kandi nticyateganywa mu Itegeko No 68/2018 rigenga ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko n’ubwo mu Itegeko rishya icyo cyaha kitagarutsemo ariko abaregwa bagomba kugikurikiranwaho, bakanagihanirwa hashingiwe ku Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryagiteganyaga. Urukiko rurasuzuma niba kuba icyaha cy’ikwiza ry’impuha zigamije

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kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu bihugu by’amahanga bivugwa ko cyakozwe ku Itegeko rya mbere, ariko ntikigaruke nk’icyaha mu Itegeko rishya, ari impamvu yatuma abaregwa bakurikiranwa. [10] Urukiko kandi rurasuzuma niba ibikorwa abaregwa bakurikiranyweho byo gutangaza amafoto cyangwa amashusho atagaragaza ukuri bihura n’icyaha kivugwa mu ngingo ya 282 y’Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru, ku byerekeranye no gutangaza amafoto cyangwa amashusho byahinduwe ariko bitamenyeshejwe nyirabyo. [11] Ibibazo bisuzumwa muri uru rubanza ni ibi bikurikira: Kumenya niba kuba abaregwa bemera ko bakuraga inkuru ku bindi bitangazamakuru bakaziha imitwe (titres) zitavugisha ukuri (zidahuye n’inkuru), ari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko bari bagamije guteza imvururu n’imidugararo muri rubanda; Kumenya niba kuba abaregwa bemera ko hari amashusho batangaje adahura n’ukuri bihura n’icyaha kivugwa mu ngingo ya 282 y’Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe; Kumenya niba kuba icyaha cy’ikwiza ry’ibihuha cyateganywaga mu Itegeko Ngenga ryakuweho, ari impamvu yo kutagikurikiranwaho mu gihe kitateganyijwe mu Itegeko rishya. II. IBIBAZO BIGARAGAJWE MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA

RYABYO A. Kumenya niba kuba abaregwa bemera ko bakuraga inkuru mu bindi bitangazamakuru bakaziha imitwe (titres) itavugisha ukuri (zidahuye n’inkuru), ari ibimenyetso by’uko bari bagamije guteza imvururu n’imidugararo muri rubanda [12] Ingingo ya 463 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana iteganya ko umuntu wese witwaza, ari disikuru avugiye mu nama cyangwa mu giterane, ari inyandiko z’ubwoko bwose, amashusho cyangwa ibimenyetso by’amako yose, bimanitswe, bitanzwe, biguzwe cyangwa bigurishijwe bishyizwe mu maso ya rubanda, uwamamaza nkana ibihuha akagomesha cyangwa akagerageza kugomesha rubanda arwangisha ubutegetsi buriho, agatera cyangwa akagerageza guteza imvururu mu baturage ashaka ko basubiranamo, agatera rubanda intugunda ashaka kubyutsa imidugararo muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka icumi (10) kugeza ku myaka cumi n’itanu (15) [13] Ingingo ya 107 y’Itegeko Nº 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha, iteganya ko Ubushinjacyaha, uwakorewe icyaha cyangwa se abamufiteho uburenganzira iyo baregeye indishyi z’akababaro cyangwa biregeye umuburanyi, ni bo bagomba gutanga ibimenyetso byemeza icyaha. [14] Izi ngingo zumvikanisha ko uwakoze icyaha kivugwa mu ngingo ya mbere ari uwitwaza amashusho cyangwa ibimenyetso by’amoko yose, bishyizwe mu maso ya rubanda, uwamamaza ibihuha nkana, akagomesha cyangwa akagerageza kugomesha rubanda arwangisha ubutegetsi buriho, agatera cyangwa akagerageza guteza imvururu, ashaka ko basubiranamo, agatera rubanda

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intugunda ashaka kubyutsa imidugararo muri Repubulika y’u Rwanda. Ubushinjacyaha bukaba bufite ishingano zo kugaragaza ko habayeho ibikorwa, ko uwabikoze yari agambiriye ingaruka zabyo. [15] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko abaregwa, ku bushake bwabo kandi babizi, bagiye bakura inkuru mu bindi binyamakuru bakazitangaza ku IWACU TV ariko babanje guhindura imitwe (titres) y’izo nkuru, bakaziha imitwe itavugisha ukuri idahuje n’inkuru, bagamije gukura abantu imitima no guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda. Avuga ko izo nkuru zakuye abantu imitima zinatera intugunda, nk’uko byagaragajwe muri « comments » zakorwaga ku nkuru, abantu batandukanye bavuga ko IWACU TV yarengereye, ko ikwiye gukurikiranwa. [16] Avuga ubushake bwo gukora icyaha bugaragazwa kandi no kuba abaregwa bemera ko ari bo bavanaga izo nkuru ku bindi binyamakuru, bakazihindurira imitwe, bakaziha imitwe ivuga ibihuha bagamije kureshya abantu kugira ngo zirebwe n’abantu benshi mu rwego rwo kwinjiza amafaranga menshi, ariko bakabikora bazi ko ari bibi kandi babanje kubyumvikanaho, nk’uko biboneka mu ibazwa ryabo, aho basubirikanyaga ngo dushyireho uyu mutwe, ngo uyu ni « danger », ngo wakora umuti; hanyuma bamenyeshwa inkuru yanenzwe bakayikura kuri « youtube », kuko nyine bari bazi ko ari bibi. Asaba Urukiko kwemeza ko abaregwa bagize ubushake bwo gukora icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo

muri rubanda. [17] Mutuyimana Jean Damascene, Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Niyonsenga Schadrack, Me Ndayambaje Gilbert afatanyije na Me Ibambe Jean Paul babunganira, bavuga ko hatakwemezwa ko bakoze icyaha cyo guteza imvururu n’imidugararo muri rubanda bakurikiranyweho, kubera ko nk’uko bivugwa n’Ubushinjacyaha, abaregwa bakuraga ziriya nkuru ku bindi bitangazamakuru, bakaziha imitwe idahuye n’ibikubiye mu nkuru, zo ntizihindurwe, ariko hagamijwe kureshya abasomyi, ngo urubuga rusurwe n’abantu benshi hanyuma abaregwa binjize amafaranga menshi, ibi kandi byemewe mu mwuga w’itangazamakuru ; ariko nta kimenyetso kigaragaza ko bari bagamije gukura abantu imitima cyangwa guteza imvururu n’imidugararo, ibi kandi ntabyayeho. [18] Bakomeza bavuga kandi ko nk’uko bivugwa n’Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha inkuru bahaye imitwe (titres) idahuye n’ukuri, n’ubwo bo bongeramo ibikabyo, zanyuze ku bindi binyamakuru byabanje kuzitangaza, ariko, haba kuri ibyo binyamakuru haba no kuri IWACU TV ntizigize ziteza imvururu cyangwa intugunda, ntizakuye abantu imitima; bikagaragazwa n’uko muri ibyo bitangazamakuru nta na kimwe cyakurikiranwe. Bongeraho ko kuba abaregwa barahinduye imitwe y’inkuru, inkuru ubwayo idahinduwe, ubwabyo bitatera intugunda cyangwa imvururu cyangwa ngo bikure abantu imitima, mu gihe inkuru itahinduwe, kandi ubu ntihagaragazwa ko izo nkuru hari uwo zakuye umutima cyangwa ngo ziteze

imvururu kubera ko zatangajwe kuri IWACU TV. [19] Basoza bavuga kandi ko umutwe wonyine utafatwa nk’inkuru mu gihe ibikubiye mu nkuru yose bihuye n’ukuri, kuko ibivugwamo birimo kuba Nyabimata yaretewe, si ibihuha kuko byavuzwe mu rubanza rwaciwe n’Urukiko rw’Ubujurire, ababikoze bagahamwa n’icyaha; ibi ni na ko bimeze ku zindi nkuru baregwa muri uru rubanza; basaba kurenganurwa kuko Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza ubushake bwo gukora icyaha, ibikigize bikaba bituzuye. [20] Hashingiwe ku bivugwa muri uru rubanza, abaregwa ndetse n’Ubushinjacyaha, nk’uko bwabivuze no mu nyandiko itanga ikirego, bemera ko inkuru batangaje bazikuraga ku bindi

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binyamakuru Igihe.com., Voice of Africa, TV 10, bakazitangaza ku IWACU TV, bazihinduriye gusa imitwe (titres), bakaziha umutwe udahuye n’ukuri, habayeho gukabya. Urukiko rusanga ariko atari ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko hari hagambiriwe guteza imvururu muri rubanda cyangwa imidugararo no gukura abantu imitima, kuko nk’uko bivugwa n’abaregwa n’abunganizi, ntibihakanwe n’Ubushinjacyaha icyari kigamijwe ni ukureshya abasomyi ngo inkuru zisomwe na benshi mu rwego rwo kwinjiza amafaranga. Nta kimenyetso kivuguruza ku buryo budashidikanywaho imvugo z’abaregwa, ngo hemezwe ko bari bagambiriye guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugaragaro no gukura imitima abantu. [21] Urukiko rusanga Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza ko kuva aho izo nkuru zitangarijwe ku binyamakuru zabanjeho hari imidugararo muri rubanda n’imvururu zateye cyangwa ngo zikure abantu imitima. Ntibugaragaza kandi ko icyo Mutuyimana Jean Damascene, Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Niyonsenga Schadrack bari gushingiraho bizera ko za nkuru nizitangazwa kuri IWACU TV bwo gutera imvururu, intugunda cyangwa ngo zikure abantu imitima mu gihe n’aho zatangajwe mbere ntacyo zatwaye; bityo ngo bizere ko bagiye guteza imvururu n’imidugararo. [22] Urukiko rusanga kandi n’igihe zatangarijwe kuri IWACU TV nyuma yo guhindurirwa imitwe (titres) zigahabwa imitwe itavugisha ukuri, idahuye n’inkuru ubwayo, Ubushinjacyaha butagaragaza niba izo nkuru zareteye

imvururu, imidugararo cyangwa ngo zikure abantu imitima, cyangwa se zarashatse kubitera hakagira ikibihagarika; kandi bwemeza ko aho abaregwa bamenyeye ko inkuru batangaje kuri « youtube » zanenzwe bazikuyeho. [23] Nyuma y’ibimaze gusobanurwa haruguru, Urukiko rusanga nta kimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bugaragaza cy’uko abaregwa bakuye inkuru ku bindi binyamakuru bakazitangaza ku IWACU TV bazihinduriye umutwe (titre) bari bagambiriye guteza imvururu n’imidugararo muri rubanda. Bityo rero, Urukiko rukaba rugomba kwemeza ko nta kigaragaza ko abaregwa bari bafite ubushake bwo gukora icyaha, ahubwo bari bagamije gukurura abasomyi bakabona « views » mu rwego rwo kwinjiza amafaranga. Rusanga hari ugushidikanya ku bimenyetso bigaragazwa n’Ubushinjacyaha ku byerekeranye n’ubushake (intention) bw’abaregwa mu gutangaza inkuru zakuwe ku bindi bitangazamakuru kuri IWACU TV, nk’uko bisobanurwa mu ngingo ya 111 y’Itegeko No 027/2019 ryo ku wa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ku birebana n’ishidikanya rirengera ushinjwa. [24] Rukaba rusanga rero n’ubwo hari ibikorwa byakozwe, hakaba n’itegeko riteganya ibihano, ariko kuba hatagaragazwa ubushake, hagomba kwemezwa ko abaregwa batakoze icyaha, kuko kugira ngo ibikorwa bifatwe nk’icyaha ni uko haba hari ibintu bitatu (3), ibikorwa, itegeko ribihana, n’ubushake bwo gukora icyaha; iyo bituzuye, ibyo bikorwa ntibiba bigize

icyaha. B. Kumenya niba ibikorwa byo gutangaza amafoto n’amashusho abaregwa bakurikiranyweho bigize icyaha giteganywa mu ngingo ya 282 y ‘Itegeko Ngenga ryavuzwe haruguru [25] Ingingo ya 282 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, iteganya ko umuntu wese, utangaza, hakoreshejwe uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose, amagambo yavuzwe, yahinduwe agatangazwa uko atavuzwe cyangwa amashusho n’amafoto by’umuntu byagaragajwe uko bitafashwe, ntagaragaze ko binyuranyije n’uko byafashwe, ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku mezi 6 kugeza ku mwaka 1 n’ihazabu kuva ku 1.000.000 Frw kugera ku 5.000.000

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Frw. Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko icyaha ari ugutangaza amashusho n’amafoto by’umuntu byagaragajwe uko bitafatashwe, ntagaragaze ko binyuranyijwe n’uko byafashwe. [26] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko abaregwa bakoze icyaha cyo gutangaza amashusho anyuranyije n’ukuri, asobanura ko abaregwa bafataga ifoto aho baba bayikuye hose, bakagaragaza abafite imbunda bari mu mirwano nyir’izina, bikaba bitandukanye n’ukuri kw’inkuru, urugero ni nko ku nkuru ya Nyabimata bagamije gukuririza ibyo bihuha. Hatangwa kandi urugero aho abaregwa bagaragaje Museveni na we afite imbunda, ari kurwana na byo bikaba byafatwa nko kwangisha igihugu mu mahanga, ibyo bikorwa bikaba bigize icyaha cyo gutangaza inkuru zidafite inkomoko. [27] Mutuyimana Jean Damascene, Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Niyonsenga Schadrack, Me Ndayambaje Gilbert afatanyije na Me Ibambe Jean Paul babunganira, bavuga ko nk’uko byasobanuwe ku cyaha cyabanje nta bushake bwo gukora icyaha; ariko kuri iki cyaha cyo bavuga ko iki cyaha bagikurikiranwaho gusa haramutse hari umuntu wahinduriwe amafoto urega bikaba atari ko bimeze muri iyi dosiye. Bavuga ko nta mashusho cyangwa amafoto byahinduwe ahubwo yakuwe kuri « internet ». [28] Hashingiwe ku bisobanurwa n’ababuranyi impande zombi, Urukiko rusanga nta bimenyetso bigagaragazwa by’uko abaregwa bafashe amafoto yafotowe cyangwa amashusho bakayatangaza uko atari batavuze ko bayahinduye.

Rusanga icyabayeho ari amafoto yatangajwe adahuye n’ukuri, mu rwego rwo kugaragaza za nkuru zavuzwe haruguru, zahinduriwe imitwe (titres). Rusanga ibikorwa byabo bitagize icyaha cyo gutangaza amagambo cyangwa amashusho binyuranye n’uko byafashwe, giteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 282 y’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012 ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 ryavuzwe haruguru, kuko icyakozwe ni amafoto yatangazwaga agaragaza ibitari ukuri, bagaragaza za nkuru zavuzwe haruguru. [29] Rusanga ahubwo ibikorwa abaregwa bakurikiranyweho bihura n’ibyasobanuwe mu ngingo ya 463 y’Itegeko Ngenga yasobanuwe haguru, ahavugwa « amashusho cyangwa ibimenyetso by’amako yose, bimanitswe, bitanzwe, biguzwe cyangwa bigurishijwe bishyizwe mu maso ya rubanda, uwamamaza nkana ibihuha akagomesha cyangwa akagerageza kugomesha rubanda arwangisha ubutegetsi buriho ». Mu bikorwa abaregwa bakurikiranyweho rero nta gikorwa gihura n’ibivugwa mu ngingo ya 282 bakoze, ahubwo byose bihura n’ibyasobanuwe mu ngingo ya 463; ibisobanuro bikaba ari bimwe n’ibyagaragajwe haruguru kuri icyo cyaha no ku bushake bwo kugikora. [30] Urukiko rusanga kandi ibi binumvikana mu mvugo z’Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha, uvuga ko abaregwa bagaragaje Museveni na we afite imbunda, ari kurwana na byo bikaba byafatwa nko kwangisha igihugu mu mahanga, ibi byumvikanisha ko ibikorwa bivugwa muri aka gace byinjira mu bindi byaha byavuzweho. C. Kumenya niba kuba icyaha cy’ikwiza ry’impuha zigamije kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu bihugu by’amahanga bivugwa ko cyakozwe ku Itegeko Ngenga rya mbere, ariko kikaba kitagaragara mu Itegeko rishya, ari impamvu yatuma abaregwa bakurikiranwa [31] Ingingo ya 8 y’Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, iteganya ko Itegeko rireka gukurikizwa ku cyaha cyakozwe rikiriho iyo ryavuyeho urubanza

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kuri icyo cyaha rutaracibwa burundu, keretse iyo itegeko rishya ribiteganya ukundi. Iyi ngingo yumvikanisha ko iyo Itegeko ryateganyaga icyaha ryavuyeho urubanza rutari rwacibwa burundu kuri icyo cyaha, ridakurikizwa; byumvikanisha ko nta Tegeko ryakoreshwa mu guhana ibyo bikorwa byakuweho. [32] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko kuba abaregwa bakoze icyaha cyo kwangisha igihugu mu mahanga Itegeko Ngenga rigiteganya ririho, nta mpamvu batagikurikiranwaho hashingiwe kuri iryo Tegeko Ngenga, kuko Itegeko rishya kitagarutsemo ryagiyeho nyuma, icyaha cyaramaze gukorwa. [33] Hashingiwe ku bisobanuwe mu ngingo yavuzwe haruguru, Urukiko rusanga kuba ibikorwa Mutuyimana Jean Damascene, Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Niyonsenga Schadrack bakurikiranweho byarakozwe mu 2017 ku bw’Itegeko Ngenga No 01/2012/OL ryakuweho, urubanza rutari rwacibwa burundu; mu Itegeko No 68/2018 ryo ku wa 30/08/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange, icyaha cyo kwangisha igihugu mu mahanga, ntikigarukemo nk’icyaha, abaregwa ntibahanwa kubera ko uyu munsi nta Tegeko riteganya ko ibyo bikorwa bigize icyaha, akaba kandi nta muntu wahanirwa ibikorwa bidateganyijwe n’Itegeko nk’icyaha. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [34] Rwemeje ko ikirego cy’Ubushinjacyaha nta shingiro gifite; [35] Rwemeje ko Mutuyimana Jean Damascene, Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Niyonsenga Schadrack batakurikiranwa ku cyaha cy’ikwiza ry’impuha zigamije kwangisha Leta y’u Rwanda mu bihugu by’amahanga [36] Rwemeje ko Mutuyimana Jean Damascène, Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Niyonsenga Schadrack badahamwa n’icyaha cyo guteza imvururu cyangwa imidugararo muri rubanda; [37] Rutegetse ko Mutuyimana Jean Damascène, Nshimiyimana Jean Baptiste, Niyonsenga Schadrack bahita barekurwa urubanza rugisomwa;