UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZARORA

UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZARORA

- Source: Amategeko - Section: Decisions (Judgements) - Date: 2016-07-15 - Case/document no.: RPAA 0127/12/CS - Collection: Supreme Court

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UBUSHINJACYAHA v. NZARORA [Rwanda URUKIKO RW’IKIRENGA – RPAA 0127/12/CS (Mukanyundo, PJ, Rugabirwa na Nyirandabaruta, J.) 15/7/2016] Amategeko Mpanabyaha – Icyaha gitewe n’ubusinzi – Kwireguza ko yakoze icyaha cyatewe n’ubusinzi ntacyo byamarira nyirabyo, kuko mu gihe yanyoye azi ko ashobora gusinda, ni uko aba yashatse cyangwa byibuze aba yiyemeje kwakira ingaruka zishobora kuba – Itegeko -Teka nº 21/77 ryo kuwa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 70. Amategeko Mpanabyaha – Ubujura bwitwaje intwaro – Mugihe bigaragaye ko uregwa ubujura yabugize umwuga ndetse hakaboneka n’ibimenyetso bihagije bimushinja icyaha, kiramuhama – Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo ya 119. Incamake y’ikibazo: Urubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, Ubushinjacyaha burega Nzarora n’undi kuba ku wa 22/10/2009, mu gihe cya saa munani n’igice n’ijoro, barishe urugi bakinjirana Nsengiyumva mu cyumba yari aryamyemo, bakamuhondagura, ndetse bakanamutemagura mu mutwe, barangiza bakamutwara 30.000 Frw, nyuma yaho aza gupfa. Urukiko rwemeje ko Nzarora ahamwa n’ibyaha aregwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu, uwo wundi agirwa umwere. Yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, narwo ruca urubanza, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite. Yajuririye urwo rubanza kandi mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga avuga ko

akwiye kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko ‟ yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho. Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko uregwa atagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko atigeze yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kubera ko adasobanura neza imikorere yacyo Incamake y’icyemezo: Imiburanire y’uregwa ko yakoze icyaha yasinze, ni ukuvuga nta bwenge afite, ntacyo yamumarira muri uru rubanza kuko amategeko ateganya ko iyo bimeze gutyo uwabikoze yirengera ingaruka zabikomokaho. Ibimenyetso biri muri dosiye bigaragaza ko uregwa kwiba yari yarabigize ingeso, bityo akaba agomba guhamwa n’icyaha cy’ubujura bwitwaje intwaro nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. Ubujurire nta ishingiro. Urubanza rwajuririwe rugumyeho. Amagarama aherereye ku isanduku ya Leta. Amategeko yashingiweho: Itegeko-Ngenga nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo ya 71. Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo, ingingo za 65 na 119. Itegeko -Teka nº 21/77 ryo kuwa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, ingingo za 70,82 na 83.

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Imanza zifashishijwe: RPAA 00155/08/CS rwaciwe ku wa 04/03/2011, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndagijimana Emmanuel, RPAA 0106/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 19/07/2013, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Tumushime Alexis, RPA 0217/11/CS rwaciwe ku wa 26/06/2015, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Gashirabake Jean Baptiste. Inyandiko z’abahanga: Nyabirungu mwene Songa, «Droit Pénal Général Zaïrois», Editions Droit et Société, 1989, p.245. Urubanza I. IMITERERE Y’URUBANZA [1] Uru rubanza rwatangiriye mu Rukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Huye, Ubushinjacyaha burega Nzarora Jean Claude na Hategekimana Vincent kuba ku wa 22/10/2009, mu gihe cya saa munani n igice z ijoro, barishe urugi bakinjirana Nsengiyumva mu cyumba yari aryamyemo, ‟ ‟ bakamuhondagura, ndetse bakanamutemagura mu mutwe, barangiza bakamutwara 30.000 Frw, nyuma yaho aza gupfa. [2] Urwo Rukiko rwaciye urubanza nº RP 0531/09/TGI/HYE ku wa 22/06/2010, rwemeza ko Nzarora Jean Claude ahamwa n ibyaha aregwa, rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu, naho ‟ Hategekimana agirwa umwere. [3] Nzarora Jean Claude yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ruca urubanza nº RPA 0621/10/HC/NYA ku wa 05/01/2012, rwemeza ko ubujurire bwe nta shingiro bufite, rusobanura ko n ubwo Nzarora yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi ‟ atagabanyirizwa igihano kuko adasobanura neza imikorere yacyo kuko avuga ko nyakwigendera Nsengiyumva yishwe n uko yaguye mu ntebe,

nyamara raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko yari ‟ afite igisebe kinini, ndetse ko yari yanavunitse igufwa ryo mu musaya, bikaba bigaragaza ko hari ikintu yakubiswe kikamwica, kandi ko mbere y uko apfa yabwiye abatangabuhamya ko ari ‟ Nzarora wamutemaguye. [4] Nzarora Jean Claude yajuririye urwo rubanza mu Rukiko rw Ikirenga avuga ko akwiye ‟ kugabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho. [5] Urubanza rwaburanishijwe mu ruhame ku wa 13/06/2016, Nzarora Jean Claude yunganiwe na Me Kabasenga Berthilde, naho Ubushinjacyaha buhagarariwe na Uwombonye Hirwa Sudi, Umushinjacyaha ku rwego rw Igihugu. ‟ II. IBIBAZO BIRI MU RUBANZA N’ISESENGURWA RYABYO

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1. Kumenya niba Nzarora Jean Claude yemera icyaha mu buryo budashidikanywaho ku buryo yagabanyirizwa igihano [6] Nzarora Jean Claude avuga ko impamvu yatumye ajurira ari uko aburana mu Rukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza hari ibyo atemeraga akaba yitabye uru Rukiko aje kurubwira ko noneho avugisha ukuri ku mikorere y icyaha aregwa. ‟ [7] Ku birebana n’imikorere y’icyaha, avuga ko umunsi nyakwigendera Nsengiyumva yicwa, yari yiriranwe na muramu we witwa Hategekimana Vincent banywa inzoga mu kabari ka Nsengiyumva, bigeze saa sita z’ijoro, Hategekimana arataha, amusiga aho arimo yaka inzoga ariko ko Nsengiyumva yayimwimye kuko yabonaga yasinze, abonye ayimwimye ajya kwiha ku ngufu ijerekani irimo urwagwa ashaka kuyijyana ariko Nsengiyumva arayimwaka, nibwo Nzarora afashe intebe y’agataburete (tabouret) ayimukubita mu mutwe ahita yitura hasi, abibonye gutyo ahita ataha ajya kuryama, avuga ko ibyo yakoze byose yabitewe n’ubusinzi, asoza asaba ko yagabanyirizwa igihano kubera ko noneho yemera icyaha mu buryo bwuzuye. [8] Me Kabasenga umwunganira avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwanze kugabanyiriza Nzarora Jean Claude igihano kubera ko atasobanuye neza imikorere y’ibyaha yakoze, ariko ko Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rukwiye kukimugabanyiriza kuko noneho yemeye icyaha anagisabira imbabazi mu buryo budashidikanywaho, uretse ko yakoze icyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu bitewe n’inzoga yari

yanyweye icyo gihe. Avuga kandi ko Umucamanza yashingiye ku biteganywa n’ingingo ya 401 y’Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ibyaha yakurikizwaga icyaha gikorwa, maze ahamya Nzarora icyaha kandi atarigeze yica nyakwigendera yabigambiriye kuko atamutemesheje umuhoro kuko atari yaje awitwaje, ko ahubwo yamukubise intebe nyuma y’intonganya bari bamaze kugirana, bityo harebwe ibyabanjirije icyaha n’uburyo cyanononsowemo hakoreshwa ingingo ya 321 y’Igitabo cy amategeko ahana irebana no ‟ gukubita no gukomeretsa byateye urupfu ariko nta bushake afite bwo kumwica. [9] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Nzarora atagabanyirizwa ibihano kuko atigeze yemera icyaha ku buryo budashidikanywaho kubera ko adasobanura neza imikorere yacyo kuko yavuze ko atatemye nyakwigendera akoresheje umuhoro kandi raporo ya muganga igaragaza ko ariwo yamwicishije, kandi ko n’abatangabuhamya babajijwe igihe cy’iperereza bemeje ko atakoze icyaha wenyine, ko ahubwo hari uwamufashije kwica nyakwigendera. [10] Avuga kandi ko mu Rukiko Rukuru, Ubushinjacyaha butigeze bwemera ubwirege bwa Nzarora kuko yagendaga ahindagura imvugo ze uko yishakiye, bityo akaba atagabanyirizwa igihano hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 35 y’Itegeko Nº 13/2004 ryo ku wa 17/05/2004 ryerekeye imiburanishirize y’imanza z’inshinjabyaha ryakurikizwaga igihe icyaha cyakorwaga. Uko urukiko rubibona [11] Ku byerekeye igabanyagihano Nzarora Jean Claude asaba ashingiye ku mpamvu z uko ‟ yemera icyaha akanagisabira imbabazi, ingingo ya 82 y’Itegeko -Teka nº 21/77 ryo kuwa 18/08/1977 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana ryakurikizwaga igihe icyaha cyakorwaga, iteganya ko umucamanza ubwe ariwe uha agaciro impamvu zigabanya ubugizi bwa nabi bw’uwakoze icyaha, ari izakibanjirije, ari izagiherekeje cyangwa izagikurikiye, yaba azemeje,

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akaba agomba kubisobanurira impamvu, naho ingingo ya 83 y’iryo Tegeko–Teka, igateganya uburyo ibihano bigabanywa iyo hari impamvu nyoroshyacyaha. [12] Ingingo ya 71 y’Itegeko-Ngenga nº 01/2012/OL ryo ku wa 02/05/2012 rishyiraho Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, iteganya ko “Umucamanza atanga igihano akurikije uko uhanwa yakoze icyaha, ashingiye ku mpamvu zabimuteye, uko uwakoze icyaha yari asanzwe yitwara, uburyo icyaha cyakozwemo n’imibereho ye bwite”. [13] Ku byerekeye Nzarora Jean Claude, dosiye y’urubanza igaragaza ko yakoze icyaha ari kumwe n’undi muntu utarabashije kumenyekana, ko bacuze umugambi wo kujya kwiba Nsengiyumva, bacukura inzu, bamusanga aryamye, barangije baramutemagura umubiri wose, cyane cyane mu mutwe, nyuma biza kumuviramo gupfa. [14] Abatangabuhamya babajijwe mu Bugenzacyaha barimo Mushimiyimana Venansiya, Ingabire Clémentine (umuturanyi wa nyakwigendera) na Komeza John bose bemeje ko bakimara kumva induru kwa Nsengiyumva, bahise bahurura bahageze basanga abagizi ba nabi bagiye ariko basanga arimo avuza induru avuga ngo Nzarora n’undi muntu atamenye aribo bamutemye. By’umwihariko, Ingabire Clémentine wahageze mbere mu batabaye, we yanavuze ko yumvise bakubita ikibuye ku muryango bakunze kwita "Gatarina". [15] Urukiko rurasanga mu miburanire ye imbere y’uru Rukiko Nzarora atavugisha ukuri ku mikorere y’icyaha, kuko we n’umwunganira bavuga ko yakubise

nyakwigendera intebe ya tabureti ikamujanjagura umutwe biturutse ku ntonganya bagiranye igihe yari yaje kwunywera inzoga mu kabari ka nyakwigendera, nyamara abatangabuhamya babajijwe bavuzwe haruguru, bemeje ko Nzarora yinjiye mu nzu akubise ikibuye cyitwa "Gatarina" ku rugi rurifungura, asanga Nsengiyumva aho yari aryamye aramutemagura, kandi na raporo ya muganga wapimye umurambo wa nyakwigendera igaragaza ko yari afite igisebe kinini mu mutwe ku buryo n’ubwonko bwagaragaraga, ndetse ko yari yanavunitse igufwa ryo mu musaya, aho yabivuze muri aya magambo: «plaie fine et longue d’environ 10 cm, frontale, avec fracture de l’os frontal et extériorisation de la matière grise cérébrale». [16] Ikindi cyerekana ko Nzarora atavugisha ukuri ni uko imbere y’uru Rukiko yavuze ko umunsi yishe nyakwigendera yari yiriwe anywa inzoga ari kumwe na muramu we witwa Hategekimana Vincent, nyamara ubwo uyu (Hategekimana Vincent) yabazwaga mu Bugenzacyaha igihe Nzarora aherukira iwe, yasubije ko hashize amezi atanu atahagera. [17] Urukiko rurasanga Nzarora atahabwa igabanyagihano asaba kuko atigeze asobanura imikorere y’icyaha akurikiranyweho ku buryo budashidikanywaho nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru. [18] Urukiko rurasanga imiburanire ya Nzarora n’umwunganira ko yakoze icyaha yasinze, ni ukuvuga nta bwenge afite, ntacyo yamumarira muri uru rubanza kuko hashingiwe ku ngingo ya 70, igika cya 2, y’Igitabo cy’amategeko ahana, iteganya ko “uwitesheje ubwenge yabishatse mu gihe cyo gukora icyaha, aryozwa icyaha, naho yaba atabigizemo ubushake bwo gukora icyaha”.

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[19] Ibyo bihuje kandi n’ibyo umuhanga mu mategeko witwa Nyabirungu mwene Songa asobanura mu gitabo cye yise «Droit Pénal Général Zaïrois»1, aho agira ati: « l individu qui ‟ s’enivre volontairement doit prévoir les conséquences possibles de son acte et devoir en répondre si jamais elles se produisaient. S’il a bu, sachant qu’il s’enivrera, c’est qu’il a voulu ou tout au moins accepté les conséquences dans l’éventualité où elles se produiraient » (umuntu wasinze abishaka, agomba guteganya ingaruka zishobora guturuka kuri ubwo businzi, akemera kuzirengera mu gihe zaramuka zibaye. Mu gihe yanyoye azi ko ashobora gusinda, ni uko aba yashatse cyangwa byibuze aba yiyemeje kwakira ingaruka zishobora kuba). [20] Ibyo byemejwe na none mu manza nyinshi zaciwe n’uru Rukiko zirimo urubanza nº RPAA 00155/08/CS rwaciwe ku wa 04/03/2011, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Ndagijimana Emmanuel, urubanza nº RPAA 0106/09/CS rwaciwe ku wa 19/07/2013, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Tumushime Alexis, n’urubanza nº RPA 0217/11/CS rwaciwe ku wa 26/06/2015, Ubushinjacyaha buburana na Gashirabake Jean Baptiste.

2. Kumenya niba hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Nzarora Jean Claude yakoze icyaha cy’ubujura bwitwaje intwaro [21] Nzarora Jean Claude avuga ko atakoze icyaha cy’ubujura kuko atibye nyakwigendera 30.000 Frw amaze kumwica, cyane cyane ko nta kimenyetso Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze kigaragaza ko yatwaye ayo mafaranga. [22] Me Kabasenga umwunganira avuga ko Nzarora atakoze icyaha cy’ubujura bwitwaje intwaro kuko nta kigaragaza ko nyakwigendera yari afite ayo mafaranga icyo gihe, uretse gusa imvugo z’abatabaye bavuze ko Nzarora yatwaye imyenda irimo ayo mafaranga. Ikindi n’uko nyakwigendera atigeze amushinja ko yamutwariye amafaranga, ndetse nta kigaragaza ko yatwaye iyo myenda kuko atigeze ayifatanwa cyangwa ngo ifatirwe. [23] Uhagarariye Ubushinjacyaha avuga ko Nzarora yakoze icyaha cy’ubujura bwitwaje intwaro kubera ko akimara kwica nyakwigendera yatwaye imyenda ye yari irimo amafaranga 30.000 nk’uko byemejwe n’abatangabuhamya bahuruye icyo gihe. Uko urukiko rubibona [24] Ku birebana n’ibimenyetso mu manza nshinjabyaha, ingingo ya 119 y’Itegeko nº 15/2004 ryo ku wa 12/06/2004 ryerekeye ibimenyetso n’itangwa ryabyo, iteganya ko :«mu manza nshinjabyaha ibimenyetso mu manza bishingira ku mpamvu zose z’ibyabaye n’ibyemejwe n’amategeko, ababuranyi bapfa kuba barahawe uburyo bwo kuhaba ngo banyomozanye», naho ingingo ya 65 y’iryo Tegeko, igateganya ko "Urukiko ni rwo rwonyine rupima ko

imikirize y’abatangabuhamya ihuye n’ikiburanwa, ifite ingingo zikiranuye kandi ikaba ikwiye kwemerwa cyangwa guhakanwa...». [25] Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’izo ngingo, Urukiko rurasanga abatangabuhamya babajijwe igihe cy’iperereza barimo Nyirabazungu Perina, Komeza John, Mushimiyimana Venansiya na Ingabire Clementine baremeje ko bwari ubwa gatatu Nzarora atera Nsengiyumva, ndetse ko 1 Nyabirungu mwene Songa, «Droit Pénal Général Zaïrois», Editions Droit et Société, 1989, p.245.

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n’Ubuyobozi bwari bwaramuciye muri ako gace kubera guhora ahungabanya umutekano wa Nsengiyumva, kuko ubwa mbere yamwibye 10.000 Frw, ubwa kabiri amwiba 15.000 Frw, ubwa nyuma amwiba ariya 30.000 Frw ari nabwo yahitanye ubuzima bwe akoresheje intwaro yari afite icyo gihe. Urukiko rurasanga ibyo bikorwa byose bigaragaza ko Nzarora kwiba yari yarabigize ingeso, bityo akaba agomba guhamwa n’icyaha cy’ubujura bwitwaje intwaro nk’uko byemejwe n’Urukiko Rukuru. III. ICYEMEZO CY’URUKIKO [26] Rwemeje ko ubujurire bwa Nzarora Jean Claude nta shingiro bufite. [27] Rwemeje ko imikirize y urubanza nº RPA 0621/10/HC/NYA rwaciwe n„Urukiko ‟ Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Nyanza, ku wa 05/01/2012, idahindutse. [28] Rutegetse ko amagarama y urubanza aherera mu Isanduku ya Leta kuko uregwa ‟ afunze.